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Gene Dmel\gig

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\gig	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	gigas	Annotation symbol	CG6975
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0005198
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	11 publicly available
Also Known As	tsc2, dTSC2, gigas
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3L	Recombination map	3-46
Cytogenetic map	76F2-76F2	Sequence location	3L:20,122,281..20,132,110 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene gigas is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\gig (CG6975, FBgn0005198). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: protein binding; kinase binding. There is experimental evidence for 16 unique biological process terms, many of which group under: biological regulation; cellular component organization or biogenesis; cellular process; response to stress; negative regulation of biological process; response to DNA damage stimulus; response to nutrient levels; determination of adult lifespan; primary metabolic process; cell fate commitment; multicellular organism reproduction; cellular response to decreased oxygen levels. 52 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system subdivision; external compound sense organ; adult segment; organ system; adult; thoracic segment; peripheral nervous system; eo support cell; cell part; cell cycle. It has 2 annotated transcripts and 2 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: Armadillo-type fold; Rap GTPase activating proteins domain; Tuberin; Tuberin, N-terminal; Tuberin-type domain; Tuberin/Ral GTPase-activating protein subunit alpha. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Nearly all larval and adult tissues/organs expressed at moderate levels. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, larval/adult central nervous system, adult crop, larval/adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, larval/adult Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval/adult fat body, larval/adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult female reproductive system, adult male accessory gland, larval carcass. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1632822_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of gig. Gene sequence location is 3L:20122281..20132110.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	l(3)109 Homozygous lethal; cell viable; homozygous cells 2-3 times normal size.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
Update Feed	Click the icon below to subscribe to this FlyBase record and receive updates automatically through your feed reader.
FB2013_03
FB2013_02	Controlled Vocabulary Terms nucleus negative regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway protein kinase B signaling cascade
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 76F2-76F2   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(3)L1243L1243&P{lacW}Mi-2j3D4 and P{PZ}eRF100103
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 77A1-77A2     (Ito, 1999.7.28)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	3-46 (Ito and Rubin, 1999)
Left of (cM)	cu (Ito and Rubin, 1999)
Right of (cM)	st (Ito and Rubin, 1999)
Notes	This map location corrects that reported in FBrf0076453. (Ito and Rubin, 1999)
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\gig for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.45
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) gig-RA FBtr0074819  NM_079453   5795   1847 gig-RB FBtr0332690  NM_001275160   5786   1844
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	6.2 (northern blot) (Ito and Rubin, 1999)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein gig-PA   FBpp0074588   204.1   1847   8.05     NP_524177   AAF49066 gig-PB   FBpp0304936   203.8   1844   8.05     NP_001262089   AGB94782
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	1847 (aa) (Ito and Rubin, 1999)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Rap GTPase activating proteins domain (IPR000331) Tuberin (IPR003913) Tuberin/Ral GTPase-activating protein subunit alpha (IPR027107) Tuberin, N-terminal (IPR024584) Tuberin-type domain (IPR018515) Armadillo-type fold (IPR016024)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE014296 AAF49066   AF172995 AAD48498   AE014296 AGB94782   AI062811   AI259066   AI456286   AW943329   AX094162   AY069603 AAL39748   BF503825   BI361343   BI367765   BI607537   BI619447   CO264556   CO282786   CO286570   CO293106   CO293156   CO307456   CO344383   EC062121   EC069517   EC075200   EC077561   EC212521   EC244288   EC256293   GH758081   GH772294   GH773181   GH775748   GH777357   GH777851   GH782181   GH783312   GH790990   GH797010   GH798553   GH801096   GH804341   GH806763   GH808458   GH811059   GH813297   GH819313   GH820544   GH825086   GH828059   GH832264   GH843394   GH844934   GH851027   GH855908   GH855911   GH856326   GH858998   GH860053   GH867773   GH868347   GH868925   GH872576   GH874684   GH876820   GH877093   GH878400   GH878676   GH879108   GH880461   GH880511   GH882344   GH883405   GH887998   GH895514   GH909643   GH910220   GH913197   GH915211   GH927140   GH931648   GH933847   GH938731
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q9VW83 Q9U9B0 Q7K0T0
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
cytoplasm inferred from direct assay (assigned by UniProtKB) (Potter et al., 2002)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Nearly all larval and adult tissues/organs expressed at moderate levels. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, larval/adult central nervous system, adult crop, larval/adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, larval/adult Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval/adult fat body, larval/adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult female reproductive system, adult male accessory gland, larval carcass. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    199.775 Larval Midgut    155 Larval Hindgut    165.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    176.3 Larval Fat Body    117.3 Larval Salivary Gland    119.5 Larval Trachea    103.65 Larval Carcass    128.75 Adult Head    129 Adult Eye    166.075 Adult Brain    216.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    190.1 Adult Crop    156.9 Adult Midgut    114.4 Adult Hindgut    163.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    144.4 Adult Fat Body    147.2 Adult Salivary Gland    186.3 Adult Heart    117.75 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    193.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    219.2 Adult Ovary    193.7 Adult Testis    51.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    134.3 Adult Carcass    97.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    199.775 Larval Midgut    155 Larval Hindgut    165.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    176.3 Larval Fat Body    117.3 Larval Salivary Gland    119.5 Larval Trachea    103.65 Larval Carcass    128.75 Adult Head    129 Adult Eye    166.075 Adult Brain    216.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    190.1 Adult Crop    156.9 Adult Midgut    114.4 Adult Hindgut    163.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    144.4 Adult Fat Body    147.2 Adult Salivary Gland    186.3 Adult Heart    117.75 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    193.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    219.2 Adult Ovary    193.7 Adult Testis    51.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    134.3 Adult Carcass    97.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    199.775 Larval Midgut    155 Larval Hindgut    165.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    176.3 Larval Fat Body    117.3 Larval Salivary Gland    119.5 Larval Trachea    103.65 Larval Carcass    128.75 Adult Head    129 Adult Eye    166.075 Adult Brain    216.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    190.1 Adult Crop    156.9 Adult Midgut    114.4 Adult Hindgut    163.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    144.4 Adult Fat Body    147.2 Adult Salivary Gland    186.3 Adult Heart    117.75 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    193.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    219.2 Adult Ovary    193.7 Adult Testis    51.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    134.3 Adult Carcass    97.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    199.775 Larval Midgut    155 Larval Hindgut    165.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    176.3 Larval Fat Body    117.3 Larval Salivary Gland    119.5 Larval Trachea    103.65 Larval Carcass    128.75 Adult Head    129 Adult Eye    166.075 Adult Brain    216.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    190.1 Adult Crop    156.9 Adult Midgut    114.4 Adult Hindgut    163.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    144.4 Adult Fat Body    147.2 Adult Salivary Gland    186.3 Adult Heart    117.75 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    193.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    219.2 Adult Ovary    193.7 Adult Testis    51.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    134.3 Adult Carcass    97.7 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    199.775 Larval Midgut    155 Larval Hindgut    165.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    176.3 Larval Fat Body    117.3 Larval Salivary Gland    119.5 Larval Trachea    103.65 Larval Carcass    128.75 Adult Head    129 Adult Eye    166.075 Adult Brain    216.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    190.1 Adult Crop    156.9 Adult Midgut    114.4 Adult Hindgut    163.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    144.4 Adult Fat Body    147.2 Adult Salivary Gland    186.3 Adult Heart    117.75 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    193.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    219.2 Adult Ovary    193.7 Adult Testis    51.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    134.3 Adult Carcass    97.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    199.775 Larval Midgut    155 Larval Hindgut    165.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    176.3 Larval Fat Body    117.3 Larval Salivary Gland    119.5 Larval Trachea    103.65 Larval Carcass    128.75 Adult Head    129 Adult Eye    166.075 Adult Brain    216.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    190.1 Adult Crop    156.9 Adult Midgut    114.4 Adult Hindgut    163.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    144.4 Adult Fat Body    147.2 Adult Salivary Gland    186.3 Adult Heart    117.75 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    193.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    219.2 Adult Ovary    193.7 Adult Testis    51.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    134.3 Adult Carcass    97.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    199.775 Larval Midgut    155 Larval Hindgut    165.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    176.3 Larval Fat Body    117.3 Larval Salivary Gland    119.5 Larval Trachea    103.65 Larval Carcass    128.75 Adult Head    129 Adult Eye    166.075 Adult Brain    216.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    190.1 Adult Crop    156.9 Adult Midgut    114.4 Adult Hindgut    163.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    144.4 Adult Fat Body    147.2 Adult Salivary Gland    186.3 Adult Heart    117.75 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    193.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    219.2 Adult Ovary    193.7 Adult Testis    51.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    134.3 Adult Carcass    97.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    199.775 Larval Midgut    155 Larval Hindgut    165.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    176.3 Larval Fat Body    117.3 Larval Salivary Gland    119.5 Larval Trachea    103.65 Larval Carcass    128.75 Adult Head    129 Adult Eye    166.075 Adult Brain    216.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    190.1 Adult Crop    156.9 Adult Midgut    114.4 Adult Hindgut    163.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    144.4 Adult Fat Body    147.2 Adult Salivary Gland    186.3 Adult Heart    117.75 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    193.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    219.2 Adult Ovary    193.7 Adult Testis    51.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    134.3 Adult Carcass    97.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    129   NA  Eye    166.075   NA  Brain    216.8   199.775  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    190.1   NA  Crop    156.9   155  Midgut    114.4   165.9  Hindgut    163.1   176.3  Malpighian Tubules    144.4   117.3  Fat Body    147.2   119.5  Salivary Gland    186.3   NA  Heart    117.75   103.65  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    193.9   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    219.2   NA  Ovary    193.7   NA  Testis    51.9   NA  Male Accessory Gland    134.3   128.75  Carcass    97.7 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    9 central nervous system, larvae L3    8 central nervous system, pupae P8    8 head, virgin 1-day female    6 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    6 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    4 head, mated 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day male    7 head, mated 4-day male    6 head, mated 20-day male    7 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    5 digestive system, 1-day adult    4 digestive system, 4-day adult    4 digestive system, 20-day adult    6 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    3 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    7 carcass, 1-day adult    4 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    5 ovary, virgin 4-day female    15 ovary, mated 4-day female    12 testis, mated 4-day male    4 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    9 central nervous system, larvae L3    8 central nervous system, pupae P8    8 head, virgin 1-day female    6 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    6 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    4 head, mated 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day male    7 head, mated 4-day male    6 head, mated 20-day male    7 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    5 digestive system, 1-day adult    4 digestive system, 4-day adult    4 digestive system, 20-day adult    6 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    3 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    7 carcass, 1-day adult    4 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    5 ovary, virgin 4-day female    15 ovary, mated 4-day female    12 testis, mated 4-day male    4 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    9 central nervous system, larvae L3    8 central nervous system, pupae P8    8 head, virgin 1-day female    6 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    6 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    4 head, mated 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day male    7 head, mated 4-day male    6 head, mated 20-day male    7 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    5 digestive system, 1-day adult    4 digestive system, 4-day adult    4 digestive system, 20-day adult    6 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    3 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    7 carcass, 1-day adult    4 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    5 ovary, virgin 4-day female    15 ovary, mated 4-day female    12 testis, mated 4-day male    4 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    9 central nervous system, larvae L3    8 central nervous system, pupae P8    8 head, virgin 1-day female    6 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    6 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    4 head, mated 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day male    7 head, mated 4-day male    6 head, mated 20-day male    7 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    5 digestive system, 1-day adult    4 digestive system, 4-day adult    4 digestive system, 20-day adult    6 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    3 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    7 carcass, 1-day adult    4 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    5 ovary, virgin 4-day female    15 ovary, mated 4-day female    12 testis, mated 4-day male    4 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    4 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    9 central nervous system, larvae L3    8 central nervous system, pupae P8    8 head, virgin 1-day female    6 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    6 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    4 head, mated 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day male    7 head, mated 4-day male    6 head, mated 20-day male    7 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    5 digestive system, 1-day adult    4 digestive system, 4-day adult    4 digestive system, 20-day adult    6 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    3 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    7 carcass, 1-day adult    4 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    5 ovary, virgin 4-day female    15 ovary, mated 4-day female    12 testis, mated 4-day male    4 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    9 central nervous system, larvae L3    8 central nervous system, pupae P8    8 head, virgin 1-day female    6 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    6 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    4 head, mated 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day male    7 head, mated 4-day male    6 head, mated 20-day male    7 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    5 digestive system, 1-day adult    4 digestive system, 4-day adult    4 digestive system, 20-day adult    6 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    3 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    7 carcass, 1-day adult    4 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    5 ovary, virgin 4-day female    15 ovary, mated 4-day female    12 testis, mated 4-day male    4 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    9 central nervous system, larvae L3    8 central nervous system, pupae P8    8 head, virgin 1-day female    6 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    6 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    4 head, mated 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day male    7 head, mated 4-day male    6 head, mated 20-day male    7 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    5 digestive system, 1-day adult    4 digestive system, 4-day adult    4 digestive system, 20-day adult    6 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    3 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    7 carcass, 1-day adult    4 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    5 ovary, virgin 4-day female    15 ovary, mated 4-day female    12 testis, mated 4-day male    4 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    9 central nervous system, larvae L3    8 central nervous system, pupae P8    8 head, virgin 1-day female    6 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    6 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    4 head, mated 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day male    7 head, mated 4-day male    6 head, mated 20-day male    7 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    2 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    5 digestive system, 1-day adult    4 digestive system, 4-day adult    4 digestive system, 20-day adult    6 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    3 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    7 carcass, 1-day adult    4 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    5 ovary, virgin 4-day female    15 ovary, mated 4-day female    12 testis, mated 4-day male    4 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    24 embryo 02-04hr    32 embryo 04-06hr    19 embryo 06-08hr    17 embryo 08-10hr    18 embryo 10-12hr    14 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    16 embryo 16-18hr    14 embryo 18-20hr    11 embryo 20-22hr    13 embryo 22-24hr    13 larva L1    11 larva L2    10 larva L3 12hr old    9 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    11 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    11 white prepupae new    14 white prepupae 12hr    13 white prepupae 24hr    15 pupae 2d postWPP    12 pupae 3d postWPP    9 pupae 4d postWPP    8 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    11 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    15 adult female 05day    18 adult female 30day    18 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    24 embryo 02-04hr  (32) embryo 04-06hr    19 embryo 06-08hr    17 embryo 08-10hr    18 embryo 10-12hr    14 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    16 embryo 16-18hr    14 embryo 18-20hr    11 embryo 20-22hr    13 embryo 22-24hr    13 larva L1    11 larva L2    10 larva L3 12hr old    9 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    11 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    11 white prepupae new    14 white prepupae 12hr    13 white prepupae 24hr    15 pupae 2d postWPP    12 pupae 3d postWPP    9 pupae 4d postWPP    8 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    11 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    15 adult female 05day    18 adult female 30day    18 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    24 embryo 02-04hr    32 embryo 04-06hr    19 embryo 06-08hr    17 embryo 08-10hr    18 embryo 10-12hr    14 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    16 embryo 16-18hr    14 embryo 18-20hr    11 embryo 20-22hr    13 embryo 22-24hr    13 larva L1    11 larva L2    10 larva L3 12hr old    9 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    11 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    11 white prepupae new    14 white prepupae 12hr    13 white prepupae 24hr    15 pupae 2d postWPP    12 pupae 3d postWPP    9 pupae 4d postWPP    8 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    11 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    15 adult female 05day    18 adult female 30day    18 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    24 embryo 02-04hr    32 embryo 04-06hr    19 embryo 06-08hr    17 embryo 08-10hr    18 embryo 10-12hr    14 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    16 embryo 16-18hr    14 embryo 18-20hr    11 embryo 20-22hr    13 embryo 22-24hr    13 larva L1    11 larva L2    10 larva L3 12hr old    9 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    11 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    11 white prepupae new    14 white prepupae 12hr    13 white prepupae 24hr    15 pupae 2d postWPP    12 pupae 3d postWPP    9 pupae 4d postWPP    8 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    11 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    15 adult female 05day    18 adult female 30day    18 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    24 embryo 02-04hr    32 embryo 04-06hr    19 embryo 06-08hr    17 embryo 08-10hr    18 embryo 10-12hr    14 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    16 embryo 16-18hr    14 embryo 18-20hr    11 embryo 20-22hr    13 embryo 22-24hr    13 larva L1    11 larva L2    10 larva L3 12hr old    9 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    11 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    11 white prepupae new    14 white prepupae 12hr    13 white prepupae 24hr    15 pupae 2d postWPP    12 pupae 3d postWPP    9 pupae 4d postWPP    8 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    11 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    15 adult female 05day    18 adult female 30day    18 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    24 embryo 02-04hr  32 embryo 04-06hr    19 embryo 06-08hr    17 embryo 08-10hr    18 embryo 10-12hr    14 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    16 embryo 16-18hr    14 embryo 18-20hr    11 embryo 20-22hr    13 embryo 22-24hr    13 larva L1    11 larva L2    10 larva L3 12hr old    9 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    11 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    11 white prepupae new    14 white prepupae 12hr    13 white prepupae 24hr    15 pupae 2d postWPP    12 pupae 3d postWPP    9 pupae 4d postWPP    8 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    11 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    15 adult female 05day    18 adult female 30day    18 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    24 embryo 02-04hr    32 embryo 04-06hr    19 embryo 06-08hr    17 embryo 08-10hr    18 embryo 10-12hr    14 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    16 embryo 16-18hr    14 embryo 18-20hr    11 embryo 20-22hr    13 embryo 22-24hr    13 larva L1    11 larva L2    10 larva L3 12hr old    9 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    11 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    11 white prepupae new    14 white prepupae 12hr    13 white prepupae 24hr    15 pupae 2d postWPP    12 pupae 3d postWPP    9 pupae 4d postWPP    8 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    11 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    15 adult female 05day    18 adult female 30day    18 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    24 embryo 02-04hr    32 embryo 04-06hr    19 embryo 06-08hr    17 embryo 08-10hr    18 embryo 10-12hr    14 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    16 embryo 16-18hr    14 embryo 18-20hr    11 embryo 20-22hr    13 embryo 22-24hr    13 larva L1    11 larva L2    10 larva L3 12hr old    9 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    11 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    11 white prepupae new    14 white prepupae 12hr    13 white prepupae 24hr    15 pupae 2d postWPP    12 pupae 3d postWPP    9 pupae 4d postWPP    8 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    11 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    15 adult female 05day    18 adult female 30day    18 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    11 Schneider line 2 Sg4    13 embryonic 1182-4H    10 embryonic GM2    27 embryonic Kc167    4 embryonic S1    16 embryonic S3    20 leg disc CME L1    14 wing disc CME-W2    8 wing disc ML-DmD8    7 wing disc ML-DmD9    11 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    9 wing disc ML-DmD21    8 wing disc ML-DmD32    4 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    12 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    13 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    7 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    6 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    12 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    11 tumorous blood cells mbn2    6 ovary fGS/OSS    17 ovary OSC    13 ovary OSS    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    11 Schneider line 2 Sg4    13 embryonic 1182-4H    10 embryonic GM2  (27) embryonic Kc167    4 embryonic S1    16 embryonic S3    20 leg disc CME L1    14 wing disc CME-W2    8 wing disc ML-DmD8    7 wing disc ML-DmD9    11 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    9 wing disc ML-DmD21    8 wing disc ML-DmD32    4 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    12 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    13 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    7 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    6 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    12 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    11 tumorous blood cells mbn2    6 ovary fGS/OSS    17 ovary OSC    13 ovary OSS    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    11 Schneider line 2 Sg4    13 embryonic 1182-4H    10 embryonic GM2    27 embryonic Kc167    4 embryonic S1    16 embryonic S3    20 leg disc CME L1    14 wing disc CME-W2    8 wing disc ML-DmD8    7 wing disc ML-DmD9    11 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    9 wing disc ML-DmD21    8 wing disc ML-DmD32    4 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    12 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    13 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    7 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    6 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    12 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    11 tumorous blood cells mbn2    6 ovary fGS/OSS    17 ovary OSC    13 ovary OSS    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    11 Schneider line 2 Sg4    13 embryonic 1182-4H    10 embryonic GM2    27 embryonic Kc167    4 embryonic S1    16 embryonic S3    20 leg disc CME L1    14 wing disc CME-W2    8 wing disc ML-DmD8    7 wing disc ML-DmD9    11 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    9 wing disc ML-DmD21    8 wing disc ML-DmD32    4 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    12 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    13 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    7 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    6 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    12 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    11 tumorous blood cells mbn2    6 ovary fGS/OSS    17 ovary OSC    13 ovary OSS    5 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    11 Schneider line 2 Sg4    13 embryonic 1182-4H    10 embryonic GM2    27 embryonic Kc167    4 embryonic S1    16 embryonic S3    20 leg disc CME L1    14 wing disc CME-W2    8 wing disc ML-DmD8    7 wing disc ML-DmD9    11 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    9 wing disc ML-DmD21    8 wing disc ML-DmD32    4 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    12 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    13 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    7 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    6 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    12 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    11 tumorous blood cells mbn2    6 ovary fGS/OSS    17 ovary OSC    13 ovary OSS    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    11 Schneider line 2 Sg4    13 embryonic 1182-4H    10 embryonic GM2  27 embryonic Kc167    4 embryonic S1    16 embryonic S3    20 leg disc CME L1    14 wing disc CME-W2    8 wing disc ML-DmD8    7 wing disc ML-DmD9    11 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    9 wing disc ML-DmD21    8 wing disc ML-DmD32    4 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    12 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    13 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    7 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    6 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    12 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    11 tumorous blood cells mbn2    6 ovary fGS/OSS    17 ovary OSC    13 ovary OSS    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    11 Schneider line 2 Sg4    13 embryonic 1182-4H    10 embryonic GM2    27 embryonic Kc167    4 embryonic S1    16 embryonic S3    20 leg disc CME L1    14 wing disc CME-W2    8 wing disc ML-DmD8    7 wing disc ML-DmD9    11 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    9 wing disc ML-DmD21    8 wing disc ML-DmD32    4 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    12 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    13 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    7 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    6 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    12 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    11 tumorous blood cells mbn2    6 ovary fGS/OSS    17 ovary OSC    13 ovary OSS    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    11 Schneider line 2 Sg4    13 embryonic 1182-4H    10 embryonic GM2    27 embryonic Kc167    4 embryonic S1    16 embryonic S3    20 leg disc CME L1    14 wing disc CME-W2    8 wing disc ML-DmD8    7 wing disc ML-DmD9    11 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    9 wing disc ML-DmD21    8 wing disc ML-DmD32    4 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    12 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    13 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    7 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    6 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    12 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    11 tumorous blood cells mbn2    6 ovary fGS/OSS    17 ovary OSC    13 ovary OSS    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    12 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    12 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    12 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    12 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    12 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    12 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    12 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    12 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_17 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_04
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • LD36178 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0005198 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG6975-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal gig109 lethal | larval stage (with gig56) gig192 lethal | larval stage (with gig109) gig193 lethal | larval stage (with gig192) gig56 lethal | larval stage (with gig193) gig109 lethal | larval stage | recessive gig5C8 gig25 gig55 gig56 gig57 gig62 gig109 gig192 gig193 gig201 gig273 gig02253 lethal | pupal stage | somatic clone gig192 partially lethal - majority die | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 gigGD1454 Other Phenotypes Allele body color defective, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 gigGD1454 decreased cell number | somatic clone gig109 grooming behavior defective | recessive | somatic clone gig109 increased cell death | somatic clone gig64 gig192 increased cell number, with Scer\GAL4nub-AC-62 gigGD1454 increased cell size | recessive | somatic clone gig109 gig192 increased cell size | somatic clone gig192 large body | somatic clone gig192 melanotic mass phenotype gig25 gig193 neuroanatomy defective gig109 neuroanatomy defective | somatic clone gig109 size defective, with Scer\GAL4nub-AC-62 gigGD1454 size defective | cell autonomous | somatic clone gig109 size defective | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone gig109 smell perception defective gig109 visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 gigGD1454 visible | recessive gig5C8 gig25 gig55 gig56 gig57 gig62 gig109 gig192 gig193 gig201 gig273 gig02253 visible | recessive | somatic clone gig109 wild-type gighs.PI Phenotype manifest in Allele adult antennal nerve | somatic clone gig109 antenna | somatic clone gig109 antennal lobe | somatic clone gig109 antennal lobe glomerulus V | somatic clone gig109 anterior notopleural bristle & neuron | somatic clone gig109 anterior scutellar bristle & neuron | somatic clone gig109 cell cycle gig192 chaeta | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 gigGD1454 cone cell gig109 embryonic/larval fat body | somatic clone | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP gigKK100646 eye gig02253 gig109 gig192 gig193 gig201 gig25 gig273 gig55 gig56 gig57 gig5C8 gig62 eye, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH gigΔAkt-P.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG eye | somatic clone gig192 gig64 eye disc & mitotic cell cycle | ectopic | somatic clone gig192 eye disc & S phase | ectopic | somatic clone gig192 eye disc | somatic clone gig192 humeral bristle & neuron | somatic clone gig109 interommatidial bristle gig109 macrochaeta | somatic clone gig109 mesothoracic tergum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 gigGD1454 mesothoracic tergum | somatic clone gig109 microchaeta | somatic clone gig109 ommatidium gig02253 gig109 gig192 gig193 gig201 gig25 gig273 gig55 gig56 gig57 gig5C8 gig62 ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH gigΔAkt-P.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG photoreceptor cell gig109 pigment cell gig109 posterior notopleural bristle & neuron | somatic clone gig109 rhabdomere gig109 trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 gigGD1454 vertical bristle & neuron | somatic clone gig109 wing gig02253 gig109 gig192 gig193 gig201 gig25 gig273 gig55 gig56 gig57 gig5C8 gig62 wing, with Scer\GAL4nub-AC-62 gigGD1454 wing disc | somatic clone gig192 wing margin bristle gig02253 gig109 gig192 gig193 gig201 gig25 gig273 gig55 gig56 gig57 gig5C8 gig62 wing margin bristle | somatic clone gig192 wing margin bristle | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI gigΔAkt-P.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG
Classical Alleles ( 19 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of gig Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion gig109 ethyl methanesulfonate 2 -- gigG4010 P-element activity 1 -- gigMB08557 1 -- gigMB10497 1 -- gig02253 0 -- gig192 X ray 0 Yes gig193 X ray 0 Yes gig201 X ray 0 -- gig25 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- gig273 X ray 0 -- gig55 X ray 0 -- gig56 X ray 0 -- gig57 X ray 0 -- gig5C8 spontaneous 0 -- gig62 X ray 0 -- gig64 0 Yes gigE1.16 0 -- gigMB02535 0 -- gigunspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 33 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of gig Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion gigGD1454 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes gigGL00321 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes gigHM04083 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes gigHMS01217 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes gigKK100646 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes gig4A.αTub in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes giga.cRa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes gigAA.Act5C.T:PV\Pym in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes gigAA.αTub in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes gigAct5C.T:PV\Pym in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes gigAct5C.T:SV5\V5,T:Zzzz\His6 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes gigcRa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes gigDE.Act5C.T:PV\Pym in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes gigDE.αTub in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes gigdsRNA.cGa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes gighs.PI in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes gigK1693A.Act5C.T:SV5\V5,T:Zzzz\His6 in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes gigK1693A.αTub in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes gigMtnA.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes gigMtnA.ΔAkt-P.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes gigN1698K.Act5C.T:SV5\V5,T:Zzzz\His6 in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes gigN1698K.αTub in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes gigNIG.6975R in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes gigR622W.αTub in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes gigR884Q.αTub in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes gigS924A.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes gigS924A.T1518A.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes gigScer\UAS.cTa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes gigScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes gigT1518A.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes gigT437A.T1054A.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes gigαTub.PD in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes gigΔAkt-P.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3L)BSC446 (Christensen et al., 2008.4.15) Df(3L)BSC552 (Christensen et al., 2008.7.11) Df(3L)BSC731 (Cook et al., 2009.2.28) Df(3L)BSC830 (Christensen et al., 2009.7.22) Df(3L)XS411 (Ito and Rubin, 1999) Df(3L)XS533 (Ito and Rubin, 1999) Df(3L)XS543 (Ito and Rubin, 1999) Df(3L)XS572 (Ito and Rubin, 1999)
Not disrupted in	Df(3L)rdgC-co2 (Ito and Rubin, 1999) Df(3L)ri-79c (Ito and Rubin, 1999) Df(3L)XS705 (Ito and Rubin, 1999) Df(3L)XS2182 (Ito and Rubin, 1999)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD1454} NA P{KK100646} NA P{NIG.6975R} NA P{TRiP.GL00321} NA P{TRiP.HM04083} NA P{TRiP.HMS01217} NA P{UAS-gig.FLAG} NA P{UAS-gig.S924A.FLAG} NA P{UAS-gig.S924A.T1518A.FLAG} NA P{UAS-gig.T437A.T1054A.FLAG} NA P{UAS-gig.T1518A.FLAG} NA P{UAS-gig.T} NA P{UAS-gig.ΔAkt-P.FLAG} NA heat-shock construct P{hs-gig.I} NA characterization construct P{Act5C-gig.V5-HisB} NA P{αTub-gig.4A} NA P{αTub-gig.AA} NA P{αTub-gig.D} NA P{αTub-gig.DE} NA P{αTub-gig.K1693A} NA P{αTub-gig.N1698K} NA P{αTub-gig.R622W} NA P{αTub-gig.R884Q} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of enhancer trap binary system Mi{ET1}gigMB02535 No Mi{ET1}gigMB08557 No Mi{ET1}gigMB10497 No insertion of mobile activating element P{EP}gigG4010 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 28 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 19 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
kinase binding inferred from physical interaction with Tor (Gao et al., 2002) protein binding inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9XYZ5 (assigned by UniProtKB) (Hu et al., 2008)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
cellular response to hypoxia inferred from mutant phenotype (Lee et al., 2008) determination of adult lifespan inferred from mutant phenotype (Kapahi et al., 2004) lateral inhibition inferred from mutant phenotype (Mummery-Widmer et al., 2009) lipid metabolic process inferred from genetic interaction with Tsc1 (Gutierrez et al., 2007) negative regulation of cell growth inferred from genetic interaction with Tsc1 AND inferred from mutant phenotype (Tapon et al., 2001) inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:Q8INB9 (assigned by UniProtKB) (Potter et al., 2002) negative regulation of cell proliferation inferred from genetic interaction with Tsc1 (Tapon et al., 2001) inferred from mutant phenotype (assigned by UniProtKB) (Potter et al., 2002) negative regulation of cell size inferred from genetic interaction with Tsc1 (Gao and Pan, 2001) inferred from mutant phenotype (Cully et al., 2010) negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway inferred from genetic interaction with InR (Gao and Pan, 2001) negative regulation of organ growth inferred from genetic interaction with Tsc1 (Gao and Pan, 2001) oogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Ito and Rubin, 1999) phagocytosis, engulfment inferred from mutant phenotype (Stroschein-Stevenson et al., 2006) regulation of cell cycle inferred from mutant phenotype (Ito and Rubin, 1999, Tapon et al., 2001) regulation of phosphorylation inferred from direct assay (Kockel et al., 2010) response to DNA damage stimulus inferred from mutant phenotype (Ravi et al., 2009) response to nutrient inferred from mutant phenotype (Gao et al., 2002) signal transduction inferred from genetic interaction with Tor (Gao et al., 2002)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
cytoplasm inferred from direct assay (assigned by UniProtKB) (Potter et al., 2002)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 9 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
GTPase activator activity inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000006939 (assigned by RefGenome) (Gaudet et al., 2010)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000006943 (assigned by RefGenome) (Gaudet et al., 2010) negative regulation of TOR signaling cascade inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000006942 (assigned by RefGenome) (Gaudet et al., 2010) negative regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000006943 (assigned by RefGenome) (Gaudet et al., 2010) positive regulation of GTPase activity inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000006939 (assigned by RefGenome) (Gaudet et al., 2010) protein kinase B signaling cascade inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000006943 (assigned by RefGenome) (Gaudet et al., 2010) regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000331 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
nucleus inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000006939 (assigned by RefGenome) (Gaudet et al., 2010) TSC1-TSC2 complex inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000006942 (assigned by RefGenome) (Gaudet et al., 2010)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
gig - Fbw5 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot (Hu et al., 2008) gig - Tsc1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, anti tag western blot (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23, Gao and Pan, 2001) gig - ctp anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) gig - pic anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot (Hu et al., 2008)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions gig allele Gene References gig192 S6k (Gao et al., 2002) gigS924A.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG Akt1 (Potter et al., 2002) Tsc1 (Potter et al., 2002) gigS924A.T1518A.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG Tsc1 (Potter et al., 2002) gigScer\UAS.cGa Tsc1 (Gao and Pan, 2001, Kapahi et al., 2004) gigScer\UAS.cTa Tsc1 (Tapon et al., 2001, Potter et al., 2001, Saucedo et al., 2003, Colombani et al., 2003) gigScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG Tsc1 (Potter et al., 2002) gigT1518A.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG Akt1 (Potter et al., 2002) gigΔAkt-P.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG Akt1 (Potter et al., 2002) Tsc1 (Potter et al., 2002) unspecified Cdk4 (Tapon et al., 2001) CycA (Tapon et al., 2001) CycD (Tapon et al., 2001) CycE (Tapon et al., 2001) dm (Tapon et al., 2001) hiw (Murthy et al., 2004) path (Goberdhan et al., 2005) Pten (Tapon et al., 2001) Ras85D (Tapon et al., 2001) S6k (Tapon et al., 2001, Potter et al., 2001) Tor (Zhang et al., 2006) Tsc1 (Potter et al., 2002)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 65467 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0005198 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 40201
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (43) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6TTH35 Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6G1MQB Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6TQK4T Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG6CFXQ1 Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG63VBN2
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6TTH35)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\gig     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD14854 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM22256 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG16081 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE22755     Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE19646 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF25310 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA19997 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL25116 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK16938 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ11543 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI11523 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH16331 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6G1MQB)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL007712   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP011123   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ007912
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6TQK4T)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\gig   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG000985   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH15229   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP19194   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO15560   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL18431   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH26243   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB24311   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV14542   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV14556   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV14555   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI48217   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA005686   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM422030   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC006755
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG6CFXQ1)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\TSC2   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW012320   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW012325
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG63VBN2)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_023150gn   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_024246gn   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_023402gn   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\tsc2   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\tsc2   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\TSC2   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Tsc2   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\ENSRNOG00000011375   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\ENSG00000103197
Human Orthologs (1)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\ENSG00000103197
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD14854 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM22256 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG16081 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE19646 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF25310 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA19997 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL25116 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK16938 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ11543 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI11523 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH16331
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 11 )
Bloomington	31770 y1 v1; P{TRiP.HM04083}attP2 35401 y1 sc* v1; P{TRiP.GL00321}attP2 26386 w1118; Mi{ET1}gigMB08557/TM6C, Sb1 27843 w1118; Mi{ET1}gigMB10497 CG7335MB10497 34737 y1 sc* v1; P{TRiP.HMS01217}attP2/TM3, Sb1 27142 y1 w*; P{EP}gigG4010/TM3, Sb1 Ser1 4739 mwh1 jv1 gig109 red1 ro1/TM3, Ser1
Kyoto	107851 mwh1 jv1 gig109 red1 ro1/TM3, Ser1
VDRC	v103417 P{KK100646}VIE-260B v6314 w1118 P{GD1454}v6314 v6313 w1118; P{GD1454}v6313
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR31C03 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 76 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	LD36178
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	AT05037 GH02154 LP02390 RE45520 RE53606 RH50482 RH74623
Other clones	30397 45454 72849 73158 149323 214317.47 CK01.60A.C12 EK063244 EK139611 EK161216 EK201725 EK201941 EK254618 EP19162 RP003009063 RP003034238 RP003068860 RP003076420 RP003079836 RP003080650 RP003083115 RP003096679 RP003099168 RP003125503 RP003126160 RP003132769 RP003161390 RP003166832 RP003168745 RP003203980 RP003210160 RP003219118 RP003226671 RP003226921 RP003228365 RP003229118 RP003234328 RP003247318 RP003254354 RP003279906 RP003293072 RP003302365 RP003318898 RP003319789 RP003320994 RP003339484 RP003349858 RP003366939 RP003376309 RP003383855 RP003389482 RP003402555 RP003412912 RP003445855 RP003455178 RP003477074 RP003484842 RP003496507 RP003509348 RP003526871 RP003531186 RP003579612 RP003583335 RP003588882 RP003603257 RP003606450 RP003642662 RP003643566
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0005198 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 40201
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Hu et al., 2008)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
	'gigas' means 'giant' in Latin. (Ito and Rubin, 1999)
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Other Comments
	gig and Rbf synergistically induce oxidative stress via increased protein synthesis, inhibited de novo lipid synthesis, and decreased reactive oxygen species enzyme induction. (Li et al., 2010) dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene results in an increase in mean cell diameter. (Guertin et al., 2006) dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against CG32343, CG7845, CG10805, CG12301, CG5114, CG5033, CG10648, CG7006, CG3071, CG1542, bys, Ski6, RpI135, l(1)G0020, ppan, Nnp-1, NHP2, or pit in combination with dsRNA against gig results in suppression of the final average cell size, with it being closer to the control average cell size, rather than the average cell size resulting from knockdown of the candidate gene alone. (Guertin et al., 2006) S2 cells treated with dsRNA generated against this gene show reduced phagocytosis of Candida albicans compared to untreated cells. (Stroschein-Stevenson et al., 2006) dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene decreases the level of Akt1 phosphorylation, especially in response to insulin stimulation, in S2 cells. (Yang et al., 2006) One of 42 Drosophila genes identified as being most likely to reveal molecular and cellular mechanisms of nervous system development or plasticity relevant to human Mental Retardation disorders. (Inlow and Restifo, 2004) dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology. (Kiger et al., 2003) Loss of Tsc1 and gig results in a Tor-dependent increase in S6k activity. gig mutant cells fail to respond to amino acid starvation by decreasing S6k activity. (Gao et al., 2002) Tsc1 acts, as part of a complex with gig, to antagonise Tor. (Gao et al., 2002) Area matching Drosophila EST AI456286. Probable intron in gene represented by EST AI456286. (Davies, 2001.3.15) gig is a negative regulator of insulin signalling. (Gao and Pan, 2001) In contrast to the findings reported in FBrf0107789, it has become apparent that while gig mutant cells are enlarged, there is no endoreduplication of their DNA. (Ito and Rubin, 2001) Mutations in gig result in enhanced growth and cell size with no change in ploidy. Overall, mutant cells spend less time in G1. (Tapon et al., 2001) gig blocks rereplication of DNA or promotes mitosis during imaginal disc development. (Ito and Rubin, 1999) gig mutant cells accumulate G2 cyclins. gig is required for oogenesis making it impossible to generate eggs that completely lack gig product. (Ito and Rubin, 1999) Study of synaptic frequency in the enlarged neurons of mutants reveals a causal relationship between cell size and synaptic number: the frequency of synaptic profiles increases as the size of terminal perimeters is increased. (Meinertzhagen, 1994)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_079453 NM_001275160 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_524177 NP_001262089 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAD48498 AAF49066 AAL39748 AF172995 AGB94782 AI456286 AW943329 AX094162 AY069603 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 40201 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • Q7K0T0 Q9U9B0 Q9VW83
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Rap GTPase activating proteins domain (IPR000331) Tuberin (IPR003913) Tuberin/Ral GTPase-activating protein subunit alpha (IPR027107) Tuberin, N-terminal (IPR024584) Tuberin-type domain (IPR018515) Armadillo-type fold (IPR016024) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • LD36178
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 65467 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0005198 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0005198 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0005198 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG6975-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0005198 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 40201 Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /newgene/gigas1.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 40201 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0005198
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 18 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	6975 (Ravi et al., 2009) C1 (Ito and Rubin, 1999) CG6975 (Lee et al., 2008, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Ni et al., 2008, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Derré et al., 2007) dTSC2 (Inoki and Guan, 2006, Oldham et al., 2004, Manning and Cantley, 2003, Oldham and Hafen, 2003, Ito and Gusella, 2002, Kozma and Thomas, 2002, Potter et al., 2001, Guertin et al., 2006, Jacinto and Hall, 2003, Kim et al., 2008, Lindquist et al., 2011) dTsc2 (Kapahi et al., 2004, Findlay et al., 2005, Kapahi et al., 2004, Jacinto and Hall, 2003, Marygold and Leevers, 2002, Radimerski et al., 2002, Miron et al., 2003, Montagne et al., 2010, Kalender et al., 2010) gig (McNeill et al., 2008, Scott et al., 2007, Mukherjee et al., 2006, Stroschein-Stevenson et al., 2006, Christensen et al., 2008.7.11, Christensen et al., 2008.4.15, Hennig et al., 2006, Lindquist et al., 2011, Cook et al., 2009.2.28, Lee et al., 2008, Alvarez-Ponce et al., 2009, Scott et al., 2007, Chang and Neufeld, 2009, Christensen et al., 2009.7.22, Li et al., 2010, Xi et al., 2008, Zheng and Sehgal, 2010, Sun et al., 2010, Friedman et al., 2011, Hsieh et al., 2010, Derré et al., 2007, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21) gig|Tsc2 (Alvarez-Ponce et al., 2012) gigas (Weinkove and Leevers, 2000) Gigas (Korenjak et al., 2012) l(3)109 (Meinertzhagen, 1994, ) ME 109 (Meinertzhagen and Ferrus, 1989) tsc2 (McNeill et al., 2008, Bier, 2005, Wang et al., 2012, Wang et al., 2009, Kockel et al., 2010) TSC2 (Edgar, 2006, Scott et al., 2004, Scott et al., 2004, Leopold, 2004, Hay and Sonenberg, 2004, Nijhout, 2003, Lee and Orr-Weaver, 2003, Stocker et al., 2004, Neufeld, 2003, Colombani et al., 2003, Potter et al., 2002, Stocker et al., 2003, Gao and Pan, 2001, Ito and Rubin, 2001, Tapon and Hariharan, 2001, Min et al., 2006, Tyler et al., 2007, Bourouis et al., 2007, Hsu and Choi, 2007, Yang et al., 2006, Edgar, 2006, Wullschleger, 2006, Guertin et al., 2006, Knox et al., 2007, Gutierrez et al., 2007, Lasko and Sonenberg, 2007, Hoshizaki and Gibbs, 2007, Géminard et al., 2009, Serfontein et al., 2011, Lindquist et al., 2011, Storelli et al., 2011, Layalle et al., 2008, Lee et al., 2010, Lee et al., 2006, Slaidina et al., 2009, Li et al., 2010, Bland et al., 2010, Cully et al., 2010, Birse et al., 2010, Porstmann et al., 2008, Lam et al., 2010, Resnik-Docampo and de Celis, 2011, Kalender et al., 2010, Tokusumi et al., 2012, Pircs et al., 2012) Tsc2 (Zhang et al., 2006, Coffman, 2004, Jorgensen and Tyers, 2004, Patel and Tamanoi, 2005, Ackley and Jin, 2004, Reiling and Hafen, 2004, Dong and Pan, 2004, Pan et al., 2004, Hennig et al., 2005, Bilder, 2004, Stocker et al., 2003, Ryoo and Steller, 2003, Murthy et al., 2004, Kapahi et al., 2004, Wu et al., 2003, Zhang et al., 2003, Saucedo et al., 2003, Tapon et al., 2001, Gao et al., 2002, Saucedo et al., 2003, Pfleger et al., 2002, Lawlor and Alessi, 2001, Potter et al., 2001, Tapon et al., 2001, Potter et al., 2002, Goberdhan et al., 2005, Teleman et al., 2005, Lee et al., 2008, Juhász et al., 2008, Hou et al., 2008, Scott et al., 2007, Steinhilb et al., 2007, Hu et al., 2008, Patel and Tamanoi, 2006, Demontis and Perrimon, 2009, Chang and Neufeld, 2009, Nuzhdin et al., 2009, Schleich and Teleman, 2009, Sousa-Nunes et al., 2011, Khurana et al., 2006, Wang et al., 2009, Sims et al., 2009, Ribeiro and Dickson, 2010, Karbowniczek et al., 2010, Zheng and Sehgal, 2010, Sun et al., 2010, Vereshchagina et al., 2008, Friedman et al., 2011, Montagne et al., 2010, Aspuria and Tamanoi, 2004, Marinari et al., 2012, Chakrabarti et al., 2012) Tsc2/gig (Friedman and Perrimon, 2006)
Name Synonym	gigas (Ito, 1999.7.28, Mukherjee et al., 2006, Demontis and Perrimon, 2009, Sun et al., 2010) Gigas (Hu et al., 2008) lethal(3)109   tuberin (Schleich and Teleman, 2009) Tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (Sun et al., 2010)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 188 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 188 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 97 ) Supplementary material  ( 7 ) Review  ( 38 ) Erratum  ( 2 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 15 ) Abstract  ( 16 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 1 ) Conference report  ( 2 ) Letter  ( 1 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 2 ) Stock list  ( 1 ) Patent  ( 1 ) Website  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 ) Book  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 18 )
	Alvarez-Ponce et al., 2012, Mol. Biol. Evol. 29(1): 123--132 Molecular Population Genetics of the Insulin/TOR Signal Transduction Pathway: A Network-Level Analysis in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0217435] Chakrabarti et al., 2012, Cell Host Microbe 12(1): 60--70 Infection-induced host translational blockage inhibits immune responses and epithelial renewal in the Drosophila gut. [FBrf0218984] Denton et al., 2012, Cell Death Differ. 19(8): 1299--1307 Relationship between growth arrest and autophagy in midgut programmed cell death in Drosophila. [FBrf0218812] Dragojlovic-Munther and Martinez-Agosto, 2012, Development 139(20): 3752--3763 Multifaceted roles of PTEN and TSC orchestrate growth and differentiation of Drosophila blood progenitors. [FBrf0219482] Korenjak et al., 2012, Mol. Cell. Biol. 32(21): 4375--4387 RBF Binding to both Canonical E2F Targets and Noncanonical Targets Depends on Functional dE2F/dDP Complexes. [FBrf0219643] Marinari et al., 2012, Nature 484(7395): 542--545 Live-cell delamination counterbalances epithelial growth to limit tissue overcrowding. [FBrf0218620] Pircs et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(8): e44214 Advantages and Limitations of Different p62-Based Assays for Estimating Autophagic Activity in Drosophila. [FBrf0219364] Poels et al., 2012, Cell Death Differ. 19(10): 1590--1601 Autophagy and phagocytosis-like cell cannibalism exert opposing effects on cellular survival during metabolic stress. [FBrf0219353] Tokusumi et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(7): e41604 Gene regulatory networks controlling hematopoietic progenitor niche cell production and differentiation in the Drosophila lymph gland. [FBrf0219204] Wang et al., 2012, Mol. Cell. Biol. 32(12): 2203--2213 LST8 Regulates Cell Growth via Target-of-Rapamycin Complex 2 (TORC2). [FBrf0218417] Amcheslavsky et al., 2011, J. Cell Biol. 193(4): 695--710 Tuberous sclerosis complex and Myc coordinate the growth and division of Drosophila intestinal stem cells. [FBrf0213681] Cheng et al., 2011, Cell 146(3): 435--447 Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Spares Organ Growth during Nutrient Restriction in Drosophila. [FBrf0214599] Friedman et al., 2011, Sci. Signal. 4(196): rs10 Proteomic and functional genomic landscape of receptor tyrosine kinase and ras to extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling. [FBrf0216513] Lindquist et al., 2011, Genome Res. 21(3): 433--446 Genome-scale RNAi on living-cell microarrays identifies novel regulators of Drosophila melanogaster TORC1-S6K pathway signaling. [FBrf0213199] Resnik-Docampo and de Celis, 2011, PLoS ONE 6(1): e14528 MAP4K3 Is a Component of the TORC1 Signalling Complex that Modulates Cell Growth and Viability in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0212911] Serfontein et al., 2011, Behav. Genet. 41(3): 349--356 Conservation of Structural and Functional Elements of TSC1 and TSC2: A Bioinformatic Comparison Across Animal Models. [FBrf0213777] Sousa-Nunes et al., 2011, Nature 471(7339): 508--512 Fat cells reactivate quiescent neuroblasts via TOR and glial insulin relays in Drosophila. [FBrf0214426] Storelli et al., 2011, Cell Metab. 14(3): 403--414 Lactobacillus plantarum Promotes Drosophila Systemic Growth by Modulating Hormonal Signals through TOR-Dependent Nutrient Sensing. [FBrf0215245] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...