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Gene Dmel\ash1

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\ash1	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	absent, small, or homeotic discs 1	Annotation symbol	CG8887
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0005386
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	9 publicly available
Also Known As	ash-1, ash, dash
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3L	Recombination map	3-46.6
Cytogenetic map	76B8-76B9	Sequence location	3L:19,583,873..19,591,855 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene absent, small, or homeotic discs 1 is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\ash1 (CG8887, FBgn0005386). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: histone-lysine N-methyltransferase activity; single-stranded RNA binding; histone methyltransferase activity (H3-K4 specific); histone methyltransferase activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: histone methylation; oviposition; regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; embryonic development via the syncytial blastoderm; histone H3-K4 methylation; chromatin-mediated maintenance of transcription; oogenesis. 48 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: abdominal segment 6; abdominal segment; haltere; abdominal segment 2; heart primordium; haltere disc; wing; imaginal disc. It has 2 annotated transcripts and 2 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: AT hook, DNA-binding motif; AWS; Bromo adjacent homology (BAH) domain; Post-SET domain; SET domain; Zinc finger, FYVE/PHD-type; Zinc finger, PHD-finger; Zinc finger, PHD-type; Zinc finger, PHD-type, conserved site; Zinc finger, RING/FYVE/PHD-type. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-12 hour embryonic stages, in adult female stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult ovary. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1629321_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of ash1. Gene sequence location is 3L:19583873..19591855.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	ash1: absent, small, or homeotic discs Most alleles homozygous lethal; stage of lethality variable. Surviving and pharate adults display transformations including haltere to wing, first and third legs to second leg, genitalia to leg or antenna; ash18 and ash110 show transformation of posterior to anterior wing margin. Homeotic transformations also seen in clones of homozygous cells in otherwise heterozygous flies. Larvae homozygous for ash112, a severe allele, displays a high incidence of failure to form imaginal disks, especially antennal, genital, haltere, and wing disks. dash: discs absent, small, or homeotic (A. Shearn) Homozygotes lethal at prepupal-pupal stage; imaginal discs described as homeotic, with the second leg and the wing discs described as like engrailed. Disc and cell autonomous.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 76B8-76B9   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}MESR6EP3142 and P{lacW}l(3)L3809L3809
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 76B5-76B9   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Tripoulas and Shearn, 1990)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	3-46.6
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\ash1 for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.46
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) ash1-RB FBtr0306009  NM_079436   7600   2226 ash1-RC FBtr0306010  NM_001259905   7615   2226
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	7.5 (northern blot) (Tripoulas et al., 1994)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein ash1-PB   FBpp0297151   246.3   2226   10.19     NP_524160   AAF49140 ash1-PC   FBpp0297152   246.3   2226   10.19     NP_001246834   AFH04505
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	270 (kD observed) (Papoulas et al., 1998)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Bromo adjacent homology (BAH) domain (IPR001025) SET domain (IPR001214) Zinc finger, PHD-type (IPR001965) Post-SET domain (IPR003616) AWS (IPR006560) AT hook, DNA-binding motif (IPR017956) Zinc finger, FYVE/PHD-type (IPR011011) Zinc finger, PHD-type, conserved site (IPR019786) Zinc finger, PHD-finger (IPR019787) Zinc finger, RING/FYVE/PHD-type (IPR013083)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA140640   AA392437   AA392490   AA696266   AE014296 AAF49140   AE014296 AFH04505   AY122246   BI641808   BI641815   BQ102919   BT031135   CK605064   CK657080   CO178586   CO185629   CO288161   CO311496   EC195843   EC205994   EC207544   EC242026   EC248225   EL874606   EL874678   EV589513   EV591254   U49439 AAB01100
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	Q9VW15
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 1 -- 3   organism | intense & ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:maternally deposited embryonic stage 4 -- 6   organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 7 -- 8   organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 9 -- 10   organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 11 -- 12   organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 13 -- 16   organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage | early     (Tripoulas et al., 1994) embryonic stage -- adult stage     (Tripoulas et al., 1994) third instar larval stage   imaginal disc   (Tripoulas et al., 1994) adult stage & oogenesis   nurse cell   (Tripoulas et al., 1994)
Additional Descriptive Data
	ash1 transcripts are present at all stages of development but are less abundant in larvae than in pupae. In ovaries, transcripts are detected in nurse cells and are most abundant in stage 10 egg chambers. ash1 transcripts are detected in preblastoderm and blastoderm embryos and at later stages. In third instar larvae, transcripts are detected in imaginal discs but not in most larval tissues. (Tripoulas et al., 1994)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference day 5 of adulthood & male -- day 7 of adulthood & male   spermatozoon   (Wasbrough et al., 2010)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
colocalizes_with chromatin inferred from direct assay (Sanchez-Elsner et al., 2006) transcriptionally active chromatin inferred from mutant phenotype (Sanchez-Elsner et al., 2006)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult ovary. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    61.475 Larval Midgut    27.8 Larval Hindgut    24.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    27 Larval Fat Body    28.9 Larval Salivary Gland    31.3 Larval Trachea    27.4 Larval Carcass    29.5 Adult Head    26.1 Adult Eye    23.325 Adult Brain    60.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    44.7 Adult Crop    23.6 Adult Midgut    27.9 Adult Hindgut    30.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    15.3 Adult Fat Body    27.1 Adult Salivary Gland    34.4 Adult Heart    16.75 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    8.3 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    14.2 Adult Ovary    118.1 Adult Testis    51.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    19.1 Adult Carcass    31.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    61.475 Larval Midgut    27.8 Larval Hindgut    24.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    27 Larval Fat Body    28.9 Larval Salivary Gland    31.3 Larval Trachea    27.4 Larval Carcass    29.5 Adult Head    26.1 Adult Eye    23.325 Adult Brain    60.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    44.7 Adult Crop    23.6 Adult Midgut    27.9 Adult Hindgut    30.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    15.3 Adult Fat Body    27.1 Adult Salivary Gland    34.4 Adult Heart    16.75 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    8.3 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    14.2 Adult Ovary    118.1 Adult Testis    51.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    19.1 Adult Carcass    31.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    61.475 Larval Midgut    27.8 Larval Hindgut    24.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    27 Larval Fat Body    28.9 Larval Salivary Gland    31.3 Larval Trachea    27.4 Larval Carcass    29.5 Adult Head    26.1 Adult Eye    23.325 Adult Brain    60.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    44.7 Adult Crop    23.6 Adult Midgut    27.9 Adult Hindgut    30.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    15.3 Adult Fat Body    27.1 Adult Salivary Gland    34.4 Adult Heart    16.75 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    8.3 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    14.2 Adult Ovary    118.1 Adult Testis    51.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    19.1 Adult Carcass    31.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    61.475 Larval Midgut    27.8 Larval Hindgut    24.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    27 Larval Fat Body    28.9 Larval Salivary Gland    31.3 Larval Trachea    27.4 Larval Carcass    29.5 Adult Head    26.1 Adult Eye    23.325 Adult Brain    60.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    44.7 Adult Crop    23.6 Adult Midgut    27.9 Adult Hindgut    30.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    15.3 Adult Fat Body    27.1 Adult Salivary Gland    34.4 Adult Heart    16.75 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    8.3 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    14.2 Adult Ovary    118.1 Adult Testis    51.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    19.1 Adult Carcass    31.8 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    61.475 Larval Midgut    27.8 Larval Hindgut    24.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    27 Larval Fat Body    28.9 Larval Salivary Gland    31.3 Larval Trachea    27.4 Larval Carcass    29.5 Adult Head    26.1 Adult Eye    23.325 Adult Brain    60.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    44.7 Adult Crop    23.6 Adult Midgut    27.9 Adult Hindgut    30.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    15.3 Adult Fat Body    27.1 Adult Salivary Gland    34.4 Adult Heart    16.75 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    8.3 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    14.2 Adult Ovary    118.1 Adult Testis    51.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    19.1 Adult Carcass    31.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    61.475 Larval Midgut    27.8 Larval Hindgut    24.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    27 Larval Fat Body    28.9 Larval Salivary Gland    31.3 Larval Trachea    27.4 Larval Carcass    29.5 Adult Head    26.1 Adult Eye    23.325 Adult Brain    60.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    44.7 Adult Crop    23.6 Adult Midgut    27.9 Adult Hindgut    30.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    15.3 Adult Fat Body    27.1 Adult Salivary Gland    34.4 Adult Heart    16.75 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    8.3 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    14.2 Adult Ovary    118.1 Adult Testis    51.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    19.1 Adult Carcass    31.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    61.475 Larval Midgut    27.8 Larval Hindgut    24.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    27 Larval Fat Body    28.9 Larval Salivary Gland    31.3 Larval Trachea    27.4 Larval Carcass    29.5 Adult Head    26.1 Adult Eye    23.325 Adult Brain    60.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    44.7 Adult Crop    23.6 Adult Midgut    27.9 Adult Hindgut    30.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    15.3 Adult Fat Body    27.1 Adult Salivary Gland    34.4 Adult Heart    16.75 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    8.3 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    14.2 Adult Ovary    118.1 Adult Testis    51.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    19.1 Adult Carcass    31.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    61.475 Larval Midgut    27.8 Larval Hindgut    24.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    27 Larval Fat Body    28.9 Larval Salivary Gland    31.3 Larval Trachea    27.4 Larval Carcass    29.5 Adult Head    26.1 Adult Eye    23.325 Adult Brain    60.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    44.7 Adult Crop    23.6 Adult Midgut    27.9 Adult Hindgut    30.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    15.3 Adult Fat Body    27.1 Adult Salivary Gland    34.4 Adult Heart    16.75 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    8.3 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    14.2 Adult Ovary    118.1 Adult Testis    51.5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    19.1 Adult Carcass    31.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    no informative data   NA  Eye    no informative data   NA  Brain    60.4   61.475  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    44.7   NA  Crop    no informative data   no informative data  Midgut    no informative data   no informative data  Hindgut    no informative data   no informative data  Malpighian Tubules    no informative data   no informative data  Fat Body    no informative data   no informative data  Salivary Gland    no informative data   NA  Heart    no informative data   no informative data  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    8.3   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    no informative data   NA  Ovary    118.1   NA  Testis    51.5   NA  Male Accessory Gland    no informative data   29.5  Carcass    no informative data FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    16 central nervous system, larvae L3    12 central nervous system, pupae P8    8 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day male    7 head, mated 4-day male    6 head, mated 20-day male    8 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    7 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    4 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    2 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    6 fat body, pupae P8    2 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    8 carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    4 ovary, virgin 4-day female    37 ovary, mated 4-day female    31 testis, mated 4-day male    7 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    16 central nervous system, larvae L3    12 central nervous system, pupae P8    8 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day male    7 head, mated 4-day male    6 head, mated 20-day male    8 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    7 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    4 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    2 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    6 fat body, pupae P8    2 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    8 carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    4 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (37) ovary, mated 4-day female  (31) testis, mated 4-day male    7 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    16 central nervous system, larvae L3    12 central nervous system, pupae P8    8 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day male    7 head, mated 4-day male    6 head, mated 20-day male    8 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    7 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    4 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    2 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    6 fat body, pupae P8    2 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    8 carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    4 ovary, virgin 4-day female    37 ovary, mated 4-day female    31 testis, mated 4-day male    7 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    16 central nervous system, larvae L3    12 central nervous system, pupae P8    8 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day male    7 head, mated 4-day male    6 head, mated 20-day male    8 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    7 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    4 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    2 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    6 fat body, pupae P8    2 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    8 carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    4 ovary, virgin 4-day female    37 ovary, mated 4-day female    31 testis, mated 4-day male    7 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    16 central nervous system, larvae L3    12 central nervous system, pupae P8    8 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day male    7 head, mated 4-day male    6 head, mated 20-day male    8 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    7 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    4 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    2 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    6 fat body, pupae P8    2 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    8 carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    4 ovary, virgin 4-day female    37 ovary, mated 4-day female    31 testis, mated 4-day male    7 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    16 central nervous system, larvae L3    12 central nervous system, pupae P8    8 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day male    7 head, mated 4-day male    6 head, mated 20-day male    8 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    7 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    4 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    2 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    6 fat body, pupae P8    2 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    8 carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    4 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (37) ovary, mated 4-day female  31 testis, mated 4-day male    7 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    16 central nervous system, larvae L3    12 central nervous system, pupae P8    8 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day male    7 head, mated 4-day male    6 head, mated 20-day male    8 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    7 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    4 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    2 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    6 fat body, pupae P8    2 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    8 carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    4 ovary, virgin 4-day female    37 ovary, mated 4-day female    31 testis, mated 4-day male    7 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    16 central nervous system, larvae L3    12 central nervous system, pupae P8    8 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day male    7 head, mated 4-day male    6 head, mated 20-day male    8 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    7 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    4 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    2 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    2 fat body, white prepupae    6 fat body, pupae P8    2 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    8 carcass, 1-day adult    3 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    4 ovary, virgin 4-day female    37 ovary, mated 4-day female    31 testis, mated 4-day male    7 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-12 hour embryonic stages, in adult female stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    31 embryo 02-04hr    18 embryo 04-06hr    23 embryo 06-08hr    18 embryo 08-10hr    19 embryo 10-12hr    8 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    13 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    6 embryo 20-22hr    11 embryo 22-24hr    14 larva L1    3 larva L2    4 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    7 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    8 white prepupae new    9 white prepupae 12hr    10 white prepupae 24hr    12 pupae 2d postWPP    11 pupae 3d postWPP    7 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    7 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    8 adult female 01day    9 adult female 05day    22 adult female 30day    21 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (31) embryo 02-04hr    18 embryo 04-06hr    23 embryo 06-08hr    18 embryo 08-10hr    19 embryo 10-12hr    8 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    13 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    6 embryo 20-22hr    11 embryo 22-24hr    14 larva L1    3 larva L2    4 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    7 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    8 white prepupae new    9 white prepupae 12hr    10 white prepupae 24hr    12 pupae 2d postWPP    11 pupae 3d postWPP    7 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    7 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    8 adult female 01day    9 adult female 05day    22 adult female 30day    21 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    31 embryo 02-04hr    18 embryo 04-06hr    23 embryo 06-08hr    18 embryo 08-10hr    19 embryo 10-12hr    8 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    13 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    6 embryo 20-22hr    11 embryo 22-24hr    14 larva L1    3 larva L2    4 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    7 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    8 white prepupae new    9 white prepupae 12hr    10 white prepupae 24hr    12 pupae 2d postWPP    11 pupae 3d postWPP    7 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    7 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    8 adult female 01day    9 adult female 05day    22 adult female 30day    21 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    31 embryo 02-04hr    18 embryo 04-06hr    23 embryo 06-08hr    18 embryo 08-10hr    19 embryo 10-12hr    8 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    13 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    6 embryo 20-22hr    11 embryo 22-24hr    14 larva L1    3 larva L2    4 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    7 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    8 white prepupae new    9 white prepupae 12hr    10 white prepupae 24hr    12 pupae 2d postWPP    11 pupae 3d postWPP    7 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    7 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    8 adult female 01day    9 adult female 05day    22 adult female 30day    21 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    31 embryo 02-04hr    18 embryo 04-06hr    23 embryo 06-08hr    18 embryo 08-10hr    19 embryo 10-12hr    8 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    13 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    6 embryo 20-22hr    11 embryo 22-24hr    14 larva L1    3 larva L2    4 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    7 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    8 white prepupae new    9 white prepupae 12hr    10 white prepupae 24hr    12 pupae 2d postWPP    11 pupae 3d postWPP    7 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    7 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    8 adult female 01day    9 adult female 05day    22 adult female 30day    21 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  31 embryo 02-04hr    18 embryo 04-06hr    23 embryo 06-08hr    18 embryo 08-10hr    19 embryo 10-12hr    8 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    13 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    6 embryo 20-22hr    11 embryo 22-24hr    14 larva L1    3 larva L2    4 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    7 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    8 white prepupae new    9 white prepupae 12hr    10 white prepupae 24hr    12 pupae 2d postWPP    11 pupae 3d postWPP    7 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    7 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    8 adult female 01day    9 adult female 05day    22 adult female 30day    21 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    31 embryo 02-04hr    18 embryo 04-06hr    23 embryo 06-08hr    18 embryo 08-10hr    19 embryo 10-12hr    8 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    13 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    6 embryo 20-22hr    11 embryo 22-24hr    14 larva L1    3 larva L2    4 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    7 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    8 white prepupae new    9 white prepupae 12hr    10 white prepupae 24hr    12 pupae 2d postWPP    11 pupae 3d postWPP    7 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    7 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    8 adult female 01day    9 adult female 05day    22 adult female 30day    21 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    31 embryo 02-04hr    18 embryo 04-06hr    23 embryo 06-08hr    18 embryo 08-10hr    19 embryo 10-12hr    8 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    13 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    6 embryo 20-22hr    11 embryo 22-24hr    14 larva L1    3 larva L2    4 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    7 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    8 white prepupae new    9 white prepupae 12hr    10 white prepupae 24hr    12 pupae 2d postWPP    11 pupae 3d postWPP    7 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    7 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    8 adult female 01day    9 adult female 05day    22 adult female 30day    21 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    7 Schneider line 2 Sg4    4 embryonic 1182-4H    7 embryonic GM2    10 embryonic Kc167    5 embryonic S1    5 embryonic S3    5 leg disc CME L1    6 wing disc CME-W2    5 wing disc ML-DmD8    6 wing disc ML-DmD9    6 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    8 wing disc ML-DmD21    1 wing disc ML-DmD32    3 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    10 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    5 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    2 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    6 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    6 tumorous blood cells mbn2    6 ovary fGS/OSS    14 ovary OSC    9 ovary OSS    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    7 Schneider line 2 Sg4    4 embryonic 1182-4H    7 embryonic GM2    10 embryonic Kc167    5 embryonic S1    5 embryonic S3    5 leg disc CME L1    6 wing disc CME-W2    5 wing disc ML-DmD8    6 wing disc ML-DmD9    6 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    8 wing disc ML-DmD21    1 wing disc ML-DmD32    3 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    10 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    5 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    2 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    6 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    6 tumorous blood cells mbn2    6 ovary fGS/OSS    14 ovary OSC    9 ovary OSS    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    7 Schneider line 2 Sg4    4 embryonic 1182-4H    7 embryonic GM2    10 embryonic Kc167    5 embryonic S1    5 embryonic S3    5 leg disc CME L1    6 wing disc CME-W2    5 wing disc ML-DmD8    6 wing disc ML-DmD9    6 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    8 wing disc ML-DmD21    1 wing disc ML-DmD32    3 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    10 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    5 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    2 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    6 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    6 tumorous blood cells mbn2    6 ovary fGS/OSS    14 ovary OSC    9 ovary OSS    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    7 Schneider line 2 Sg4    4 embryonic 1182-4H    7 embryonic GM2    10 embryonic Kc167    5 embryonic S1    5 embryonic S3    5 leg disc CME L1    6 wing disc CME-W2    5 wing disc ML-DmD8    6 wing disc ML-DmD9    6 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    8 wing disc ML-DmD21    1 wing disc ML-DmD32    3 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    10 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    5 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    2 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    6 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    6 tumorous blood cells mbn2    6 ovary fGS/OSS    14 ovary OSC    9 ovary OSS    4 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    7 Schneider line 2 Sg4    4 embryonic 1182-4H    7 embryonic GM2    10 embryonic Kc167    5 embryonic S1    5 embryonic S3    5 leg disc CME L1    6 wing disc CME-W2    5 wing disc ML-DmD8    6 wing disc ML-DmD9    6 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    8 wing disc ML-DmD21    1 wing disc ML-DmD32    3 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    10 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    5 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    2 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    6 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    6 tumorous blood cells mbn2    6 ovary fGS/OSS    14 ovary OSC    9 ovary OSS    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    7 Schneider line 2 Sg4    4 embryonic 1182-4H    7 embryonic GM2    10 embryonic Kc167    5 embryonic S1    5 embryonic S3    5 leg disc CME L1    6 wing disc CME-W2    5 wing disc ML-DmD8    6 wing disc ML-DmD9    6 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    8 wing disc ML-DmD21    1 wing disc ML-DmD32    3 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    10 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    5 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    2 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    6 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    6 tumorous blood cells mbn2    6 ovary fGS/OSS    14 ovary OSC    9 ovary OSS    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    7 Schneider line 2 Sg4    4 embryonic 1182-4H    7 embryonic GM2    10 embryonic Kc167    5 embryonic S1    5 embryonic S3    5 leg disc CME L1    6 wing disc CME-W2    5 wing disc ML-DmD8    6 wing disc ML-DmD9    6 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    8 wing disc ML-DmD21    1 wing disc ML-DmD32    3 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    10 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    5 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    2 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    6 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    6 tumorous blood cells mbn2    6 ovary fGS/OSS    14 ovary OSC    9 ovary OSS    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    7 Schneider line 2 Sg4    4 embryonic 1182-4H    7 embryonic GM2    10 embryonic Kc167    5 embryonic S1    5 embryonic S3    5 leg disc CME L1    6 wing disc CME-W2    5 wing disc ML-DmD8    6 wing disc ML-DmD9    6 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    8 wing disc ML-DmD21    1 wing disc ML-DmD32    3 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    10 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    5 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    2 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    3 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    6 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    6 tumorous blood cells mbn2    6 ovary fGS/OSS    14 ovary OSC    9 ovary OSS    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    25 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    20 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    25 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    20 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    25 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    20 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    25 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    20 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    25 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    20 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    25 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    20 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    25 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    20 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    25 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    20 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_01 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_05
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • SD03724 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0005386 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG8887-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal, with Tn10\tetRAct5C.T:Hsim\VP16 ash1PdL11A3 lethal | heat sensitive ash116 lethal | larval stage | recessive ash14 ash15 ash16 ash19 ash111 ash117 lethal | late third instar larval stage (with Df(3L)kto2) ash111 lethal | pharate adult stage (with Df(3L)kto2) ash116 lethal | pharate adult stage | heat sensitive (with Df(3L)kto2) ash114 lethal | pharate adult stage | recessive ash13 ash110 lethal | prepupal stage | recessive ash129 lethal | pupal stage (with Df(3L)kto2) ash111 ash116 lethal | pupal stage | heat sensitive (with Df(3L)kto2) ash114 lethal | pupal stage | recessive ash12 ash110 ash121 lethal | recessive ash11 ash12 ash13 ash14 ash15 ash16 ash17 ash18 ash19 ash110 ash111 ash112 ash113 ash115 ash116 ash117 ash118 ash119 ash120 ash121 ash122 ash123 ash124 ash125 ash126 ash127 ash128 ash129 ash130 ash131 lethal | recessive, with Tn10\tetR[-]: ash1PdL11A3 lethal | recessive | heat sensitive ash114 partially lethal - majority die | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 ash1GD14059 Other Phenotypes Allele homeotic ash110 non-enhancer of variegation, with P{hsp26-pt-T}39C-5 ash16 ash1B1 non-enhancer of variegation, with P{hsp26-pt-T}39C-27 ash16 ash1B1 non-suppressor of variegation, with P{hsp26-pt-T}39C-5 ash16 ash1B1 non-suppressor of variegation, with P{hsp26-pt-T}39C-27 ash16 ash1B1 short lived, with Tn10\tetRAct5C.T:Hsim\VP16 ash1PdL11A3 suppressor of variegation | dominant, with P{wA}4-4 ash16 ash1B1 suppressor of variegation | dominant | female limited, with P{hsp26-pt-T}39C-31 ash16 ash1B1 visible | dominant | homeotic ash1B1 visible | homeotic ash11 ash110 Phenotype manifest in Allele abdominal segment ash110 abdominal segment 2 (with ash125) ash127 abdominal segment 2 (with ash127) ash125 abdominal segment 6 ash1B1 abdominal segment 7 | male (with ash125) ash127 abdominal segment 7 | male (with ash127) ash125 haltere ash11 ash110 haltere disc ash122 heart primordium ash1dsRNA.cKa ash1dsRNA.si.cKa imaginal disc ash112 imaginal disc | heat sensitive (with Df(3L)kto2) ash116 metathoracic segment | heat sensitive ash114 ovary | heat sensitive (with ash11) ash114 ovary | heat sensitive (with ash114) ash11 ash128 ovary | heat sensitive (with ash128) ash114 wing ash11 ash110 ash18 wing | ectopic ash11
Classical Alleles ( 36 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of ash1 Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion ash1B1 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence 2 -- ash122 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes ash1MB03235 1 -- ash16 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ash110 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ash111 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence gamma ray 0 Yes ash112 gamma ray 0 -- ash113 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ash114 heat sensitive hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ash115 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ash116 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ash117 antimorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ash118 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ash119 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ash11 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ICR 170 0 Yes ash120 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ash121 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ash123 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ash124 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ash125 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes ash126 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- ash127 gamma ray 0 Yes ash128 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence gamma ray 0 Yes ash129 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence gamma ray 0 Yes ash12 ICR 170 0 -- ash130 gamma ray 0 -- ash131 gamma ray 0 -- ash13 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ash14 antimorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes ash15 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ash17 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ash18 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ash19 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- ash1B7 0 -- ash1PdL11A3 P-element activity 0 Yes ash1unspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 12 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of ash1 Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion ash1GD14059 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes ash1GL01012 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes ash1HMS00582 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes ash1JF01498 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes ash1JF03430 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes ash1dsRNA.cGa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes ash1dsRNA.cKa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes ash1dsRNA.si.cKa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes ash1KK100243 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes ash1ΔN.10.T:Scer\GAL4 in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes ash1ΔN.21.T:Scer\GAL4 in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes ash1ΔN.T:Scer\GAL4 in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3L)A23 (Cooper et al., 2010) Df(3L)ash1A16 (Sen et al., 1998, Cooper et al., 2010) Df(3L)BSC20 (Cooper et al., 2010) Df(3L)BSC417 (Christensen et al., 2008.4.15, Cooper et al., 2010) Df(3L)ED228 (Cooper et al., 2010) Df(3L)Exel9007 (Ryder, 2004.4.26, Cooper et al., 2010) Df(3L)Exel9008 (Ryder, 2004.4.26, Cooper et al., 2010) Df(3L)Exel9009 (Ryder, 2004.4.26, Cooper et al., 2010) Df(3L)Exel9011 (Ryder, 2004.4.26, Cooper et al., 2010) Df(3L)kto2 (Sen et al., 1998, Bantignies et al., 2000, LaJeunesse and Shearn, 1995, Veraksa and McGinnis, 1996, Gross and McGinnis, 1996, Tripoulas et al., 1996, Cooper et al., 2010) Df(3L)pipeA13 (Sen et al., 1998, Cooper et al., 2010) Df(3L)XS533 (Cooper et al., 2010) Df(3L)XS543 (Cooper et al., 2010) Df(3L)XS572 (Cooper et al., 2010) Df(3L)XS705 (Cooper et al., 2010) Df(3L)XS2182 (Cooper et al., 2010) In(3L)ash129 (Tripoulas et al., 1996) T(1;3)ash127 (Tripoulas et al., 1994)
Not disrupted in	Df(3L)25-21 (Cooper et al., 2010) Df(3L)BSC2 (Cooper et al., 2010) Df(3L)BSC445 (Cooper et al., 2010) Df(3L)ED4799 (Cooper et al., 2010) Df(3L)ED4858 (Cooper et al., 2010) Df(3L)Exel6135 (Cooper et al., 2010) Df(3L)Exel9045 (Cooper et al., 2010) Df(3L)Exel9046 (Cooper et al., 2010) Df(3L)kto22 (Cooper et al., 2010) Df(3L)XS411 (Cooper et al., 2010) Df(3L)XS917 (Cooper et al., 2010)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD14059} NA P{KK100243} NA P{TRiP.GL01012} NA P{TRiP.HMS00582} NA P{TRiP.JF01498} NA P{TRiP.JF03430} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of mobile activating element P{PdL}ash1PdL11A3 NA miscellaneous insertions P{}ash125 NA P{}ash126 NA insertion of enhancer trap binary system Mi{ET1}ash1MB03235 No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 18 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 13 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase activity inferred from direct assay (Tanaka et al., 2007) histone methyltransferase activity inferred from direct assay (Beisel et al., 2002) histone methyltransferase activity (H3-K4 specific) inferred from direct assay AND inferred from mutant phenotype (Byrd and Shearn, 2003) single-stranded RNA binding inferred from direct assay (Sanchez-Elsner et al., 2006)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
chromatin-mediated maintenance of transcription inferred from mutant phenotype (LaJeunesse and Shearn, 1995) embryonic development via the syncytial blastoderm inferred from mutant phenotype (Tripoulas et al., 1994) histone H3-K4 methylation inferred from direct assay (Byrd and Shearn, 2003) histone methylation inferred from direct assay (Sanchez-Elsner et al., 2006, Sanchez-Elsner et al., 2006) oogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Tripoulas et al., 1994) oviposition inferred from mutant phenotype (Tripoulas et al., 1994) regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent inferred from mutant phenotype (Goodliffe et al., 2007)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
colocalizes_with chromatin inferred from direct assay (Sanchez-Elsner et al., 2006) transcriptionally active chromatin inferred from mutant phenotype (Sanchez-Elsner et al., 2006)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 8 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
DNA binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001025, InterPro:IPR017956 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) histone methyltransferase activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity with Saccharomyces SET1 (Marmorstein, 2003) histone methyltransferase activity (H3-K4 specific) non-traceable author statement (Marmorstein, 2003) traceable author statement (Simms et al., 2003) histone methyltransferase activity (H3-K9 specific) non-traceable author statement (Marmorstein, 2003) traceable author statement (Simms et al., 2003) histone methyltransferase activity (H4-K20 specific) non-traceable author statement (Marmorstein, 2003) traceable author statement (Simms et al., 2003) zinc ion binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001965 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
histone methylation inferred from sequence or structural similarity with Saccharomyces SET1 (Marmorstein, 2003) traceable author statement (Simms et al., 2003)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
nucleus inferred by curator from GO:0048096 (LaJeunesse and Shearn, 1995) inferred from sequence or structural similarity with InterPro:IPR000637 (FlyBase, 1992-)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions ash1 allele Gene References ash11 brm (Tripoulas et al., 1994) nej (Bantignies et al., 2000) ash14 sktl (Cheng and Shearn, 2004) ash16 brm (Tripoulas et al., 1994, Vazquez et al., 1999) ash110 w (Beisel et al., 2002) ash111 nej (Bantignies et al., 2000) ash117 lawc (Zorin et al., 1999) Snr1 (Marenda et al., 2004) trx (Zorin et al., 1999, Gildea et al., 2000, Ruhf et al., 2001) ash121 w (Beisel et al., 2002) ash122 Asx (Gildea et al., 2000) CycE (Brumby et al., 2002) Dsp1 (Decoville et al., 2001) E(Pc) (Gildea et al., 2000) E(z) (Gildea et al., 2000, Bajusz et al., 2001) lid (Gildea et al., 2000) nej (Bantignies et al., 2000) Psc (Gildea et al., 2000) Sce (Gildea et al., 2000) Scm (Gildea et al., 2000) sktl (Cheng and Shearn, 2004) Snr1 (Marenda et al., 2004) Su(z)2 (Gildea et al., 2000) Su(z)6 (Gildea et al., 2000) Su(z)7 (Gildea et al., 2000) Trl (Gildea et al., 2000) ash128 brm (Tripoulas et al., 1994) E(z) (LaJeunesse and Shearn, 1996) Ubx (LaJeunesse and Shearn, 1995) ash129 E(z) (LaJeunesse and Shearn, 1996) ash1B1 corto (Lopez et al., 2001) CycE (Brumby et al., 2002) dom (Ruhf et al., 2001) unspecified esc (Gildea et al., 2000) fs(1)h (Shearn, 1989) mxc (Gildea et al., 2000) Pc (Gildea et al., 2000) Pcl (Gildea et al., 2000) ph-d (Gildea et al., 2000) pho (Gildea et al., 2000) Scr (Gindhart and Kaufman, 1995) Su(z)4 (Gildea et al., 2000) sxc (Gildea et al., 2000) vn (McEwen et al., 2000)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 65403 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0005386 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 40133
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (45) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG67WP74 Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG68GWBB Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6GMSS2 Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG66HDRS Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG6JMMGQ
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG67WP74)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\ash1     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD12268 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM17444 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG13392 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE22484 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF10724 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA21391 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL18541     Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL25461     Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL20883 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL20920     Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK20252 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ11874 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI13513 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI14920     Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH11800     Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH14625 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH13865
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG68GWBB)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL009666   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP001535   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ001202   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ001203
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6GMSS2)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\GB41639   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG008717   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH20423   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP17591   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO24412   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL27341   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH15972   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB18985   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV11201   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI006399   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA001497   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM244720   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC000311
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG66HDRS)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\CG32103-RB   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW005314
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG6JMMGQ)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\lin-59   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_025482gn   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\ash1l   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\ash1l   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\ENSGALG00000014638   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Ash1l   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Ash1l   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\ASH1L
Human Orthologs (1)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\ASH1L
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD12268 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM17444 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG13392 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE22484 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF10724 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA21391 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL20883 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK20252 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ11874 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI13513 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH14625
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 9 )
Bloomington	31050 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF01498}attP2 36130 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF03430}attP2 36803 y1 sc* v1; P{TRiP.GL01012}attP40 5045 ash1B1/TM6C, cu1 Sb1 ca1 23524 w1118; Mi{ET1}ash1MB03235/TM6C, Sb1 33705 y1 sc* v1; P{TRiP.HMS00582}attP2/TM3, Sb1 24161 w*; ash122 P{FRT(whs)}2A/TM6C, Sb1 Tb1
Kyoto	108005 ash1B1/TM6C, cu1 Sb1 ca1
VDRC	v28982 w1118; P{GD14059}v28982/TM3
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR01D04 BACR23N10 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 24 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	LD32114 SD03724
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	GM05402 LD11304 LD11365 LP23081 SD25438 SD25448 UT01651
Other clones	102893 CK01.7C.H2 CK01.72A.H3 CK01.84B.C5 CK01.85D.H4 CK00382 Dmel_neb_011117_0336_2306 Dmel_neb_012549_0414_2907 EK010546 EK057130 EK067862 EK224723 IP14663 IP14763 UUGC0313
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0005386 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 40133
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Riddle et al., 2012)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: mnd l(3)SG29 (Shearn, 1995.5.3)
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: l(3)ds5 l(3)SG29 (Shearn, 1995.5.3)
Additional comments
Other Comments
	DNA-protein interactions:GEO_GSE30820. (Sakoparnig et al., 2012) The ash1 protein may function to maintain a favorable methylation state of dm targets, allowing subsequent activation by dm protein. (Goodliffe et al., 2007) ash1 appears to be recruited to its target genes by RNA. (Sanchez-Elsner et al., 2006) ash1 is required for methylation of lysine 4 residues on His3. (Byrd and Shearn, 2003) Transcriptional activation by ash1 coincides with methylation of lysines 4 and 9 of His3 and lysine 20 of His4 at the promoter of ash1 target genes. Epigenetic activation of Ubx transcription coincides with trivalent methylation by ash1 and recruitment of brm. (Beisel et al., 2002) Sections of the Scr regulatory region may be important for regulation of Scr by Polycomb- and trithorax-group genes. (Gindhart and Kaufman, 1995) ash1 and ash2 are trans-regulatory elements of homeotic selector gene regulation. ash1 is required for the functioning of the Ubx ABX/BX enhancer element, regulation involves different cis-regulatory regions that than of ash1. (LaJeunesse and Shearn, 1995) The intensity of trx binding to larval salivary gland polytene chromosomes is strongly decreased in larvae carrying mutations in ash1. (Kuzin et al., 1994) ash1 is one of the trithorax group of genes. ash1 is required in imaginal disc and histoblast derived tissues, and for oogenesis. (Tripoulas et al., 1994) ash1 gene locus has been characterised. (Tripoulas et al., 1992) ash1 mutant larvae may have small or absent imaginal discs or express homeotic transformations. ash1 has been isolated and characterised. (Tripoulas and Shearn, 1990) Genetic tests were used to confirm that ash1 and ash2 belong to a functionally related class of genes, mutations in which cause a wide variety of homeotic transformations that are similar to the transformations caused by trx. Double heterozygotes of ash1 alleles and Df(3R)red-P93 show a significant penetrance of homeotic transformations. Heterozygosity of ash1 alleles increases the penetrance of homeotic transformations in progeny derived from fs(1)h1 hemizygous mothers: the increase in penetrance is proportional to the loss of ash1 function. (Shearn, 1989) A member of the trithorax group of genes. Encodes a Zinc finger protein required for imaginal disc and histoblast development, and for oogenesis.   Most alleles homozygous lethal; stage of lethality variable. Surviving and pharate adults display transformations including haltere to wing, first and third legs to second leg, genitalia to leg or antenna;
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_079436 NM_001259905 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_524160 NP_001246834 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAB01100 AAF49140 AFH04505 U49439 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 40133 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • Q9VW15
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Bromo adjacent homology (BAH) domain (IPR001025) SET domain (IPR001214) Zinc finger, PHD-type (IPR001965) Post-SET domain (IPR003616) AWS (IPR006560) AT hook, DNA-binding motif (IPR017956) Zinc finger, FYVE/PHD-type (IPR011011) Zinc finger, PHD-type, conserved site (IPR019786) Zinc finger, PHD-finger (IPR019787) Zinc finger, RING/FYVE/PHD-type (IPR013083) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • SD03724
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 65403 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0005386 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0005386 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0005386 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG8887-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0005386 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 40133 Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /polycomb/ash1-1.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 40133 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0005386
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 18 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	ash (Ruhf et al., 2001) Ash (Balasov, 2002) Ash1 (Ferres-Marco et al., 2006, Lund and van Lohuizen, 2004, Beisel et al., 2002, Goodliffe et al., 2007, Li et al., 2007, Schuettengruber et al., 2007, Sanchez-Elsner et al., 2006, Sanchez-Elsner et al., 2006, Bienz, 2006, Goodliffe et al., 2007, Prasanth and Spector, 2007, Furrer et al., 2010, Eissenberg et al., 2007, Ringrose and Paro, 2007, Rodriguez-Jato et al., 2011, Sakoparnig et al., 2012) ASH1 (Smith et al., 2004, Coveny et al., 2002, Papoulas et al., 1998, Schwartz and Pirrotta, 2007, Zhou, 2005, Lemons and McGinnis, 2006, Graves and Tamkun, 2006, Dorighi et al., 2008, Tanaka et al., 2007, Kharchenko et al., 2011, Fanti et al., 2008, Blanco et al., 2008, Ryakhovskiy and Tillib, 2007) ash-1 (Zorin et al., 1999, Kim et al., 1998, Gross and McGinnis, 1996, Veraksa and McGinnis, 1996, Fauvarque et al., 1995, Kapoun and Kaufman, 1995, Gindhart and Kaufman, 1995, Kuzin et al., 1994) ash1 (Goodliffe et al., 2007, Kazemi-Esfarjani et al., 2007, Papp and Muller, 2006, Sultana et al., 2011, Carbonell et al., 2007, Chang et al., 2007, Gan et al., 2010, Muller and Kassis, 2006, Secombe et al., 2007, Baeg et al., 2007, Christensen et al., 2008.4.15, Srinivasan et al., 2008, Smulders-Srinivasan et al., 2010, Lagarou et al., 2008, Hallson et al., 2012, Vázquez et al., 2008, Petruk et al., 2008, Khan et al., 2009, Fang et al., 2009, Ford et al., 2007, Schaaf et al., 2009, Tripoulas et al., 1996, Gim et al., 2001, Beltran et al., 2007, Goodliffe et al., 2007, Cooper et al., 2010, Schwartz et al., 2010, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Popkova et al., 2012) Ash 1 (Papp and Muller, 2006) CG8887 (Klebes et al., 2005, Kim et al., 2004, Bienz, 2006, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Ni et al., 2008, Ni et al., 2010.12.1) dash (Shishido et al., 1991, Capdevila and Garcia-Bellido, 1981, ) l(3)76BDb (Cooper et al., 2010) l(3)SG29a
Name Synonym	Absent, small, or homeotic disc 1 (Gim et al., 2001) absent, small, or homeotic discs 1   absent, small or homeotic discs 1 (Chang et al., 2007, Beltran et al., 2007) Absent, small or homeotic discs 1 (Muller and Kassis, 2006) absent small or homeotic 1 (Balasov, 2002) discs absent, small, or homeotic   discs absent, small, or homeotic-1 (Tanaka et al., 2007)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0000138 FBgn0004672 FBgn0005228
References ( 161 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 161 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 92 ) Supplementary material  ( 7 ) Review  ( 24 ) Erratum  ( 1 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 12 ) Abstract  ( 19 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 1 ) Conference report  ( 1 ) Website  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 ) Book  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 8 )
	Lindsley et al., 2013, PLoS ONE 8(2): e55915 Anent the Genomics of Spermatogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0220812] Hallson et al., 2012, Genetics 190(1): 91--100 dSet1 Is the Main H3K4 Di- and Tri-Methyltransferase Throughout Drosophila Development. [FBrf0217167] Popkova et al., 2012, PLoS Genet. 8(12): e1003159 Polycomb controls gliogenesis by regulating the transient expression of the gcm/glide fate determinant. [FBrf0220515] Riddle et al., 2012, PLoS Genet. 8(9): e1002954 Enrichment of HP1a on Drosophila Chromosome 4 Genes Creates an Alternate Chromatin Structure Critical for Regulation in this Heterochromatic Domain. [FBrf0219520] Sakoparnig et al., 2012, J. Comput. Biol. 19(2): 126--138 Binding profiles of chromatin-modifying proteins are predictive for transcriptional activity and promoter-proximal pausing. [FBrf0217402] Kharchenko et al., 2011, Nature 471(7339): 480--485 Comprehensive analysis of the chromatin landscape in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0213294] Rodriguez-Jato et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(12): e27479 Drosophila melanogaster dHCF Interacts with both PcG and TrxG Epigenetic Regulators. [FBrf0216958] Sultana et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(9): 3543--3557 A BEAF dependent chromatin domain boundary separates myoglianin and eyeless genes of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0213641] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...