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Gene Dmel\pch

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\pch	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	parched	Annotation symbol
Feature type	gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0005398
Gene Model Status	Unannotated	Stock availability	4 publicly available
Also Known As	l(1)1Aa, EC1
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)		Recombination map	1-0.0
Cytogenetic map	1A4-1A4	Sequence location
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene parched is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\pch (FBgn0005398). It is a gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Its molecular function is unknown. The biological processes in which it is involved are not known. 34 alleles are reported. No phenotypic data is available. It has no annotated transcripts. Gene has not been localized to the genome sequence.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	pch: parched pch2 flies appear normal at eclosion but commence dying immediately; all dead within 12 hr. pch2 progeny recovered about 60% as frequently as expected owing to pre-eclosion mortality in the pupal stage. Approximately 15% of pch2 individuals die before late pupa, 25% in late pupa, and 60% during first 24 hr after eclosion. Adults exhibit uncoordinated leg movement and then lose use of legs. In gynandromorphs, only pch2 tissue shows loss of leg coordination; such mosaics are doomed. pch2 flies killed by light etherization but not by prolonged CO2 narcosis. Fate mapping by method of focusing locates focus of lethal action to thoracic neural ganglia and not to thoracic musculature. Adult pch3 and pch4 flies have higher rates of water loss than wild-type flies, the rapid water loss causing early death in a desiccated environment. In an attempt to compensate for the loss, the mutants drink much more water than wild-type flies. Even dead pch flies lose water more rapidly than their wild-type counterparts, suggesting that a defect in the integument rather than in the digestive or trachea-spiracle systems is the source of the abnormality. pch larvae and pupae are not affected by desiccation. The survival of flies mosaic for pch/+ and pch/0 in a desiccated environment depends on the ratio of wild-type to mutant cuticle. No difference in the chemical composition of the cuticle between pch3 and the wild type detected. The relationship between mutants isolated as parched and doomed remains unclear, considering the reported differences in fate-mapping results (Flanagan vs. Kimura et al.).
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 1A4-1A4   Left limit from inclusion within Df(1)y74k24.1 (FBrf0043301) Right limit from inclusion within Df(1)403 (FBrf0029940)
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	1-0.0   1- (Kimura et al., 1985)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes	Maps close to y. (Kimura et al., 1985)
Gene Model & Products
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa)
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
Expression Clusters
External Data & Images
Linkouts
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | adult stage pch1 pch2 pch3 pch4 lethal | recessive pch2 pch5 pch9 pch22 pch32:51B pchl7 pchl17 Phenotype manifest in Allele
Classical Alleles ( 34 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of pch Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion pch12 ethyl methanesulfonate 1 -- pch22 ethyl methanesulfonate 1 -- pch26 MR 1 -- pch2 1 -- pch+ 0 -- pch10 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pch11 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pch13 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pch14 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pch15 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pch16 DNA 0 -- pch17 X ray 0 -- pch18 X ray 0 -- pch19 X ray 0 -- pch1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pch20 X ray 0 -- pch21 X ray 0 -- pch23 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pch24 X ray 0 -- pch25 ethyl nitrosourea 0 -- pch27 X ray 0 -- pch28 X ray 0 -- pch29 spontaneous 0 -- pch30 spontaneous 0 -- pch32:51B MR 0 Yes pch3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pch4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pch5 spontaneous 0 -- pch6 0 -- pch7 0 -- pch8 0 -- pch9 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pchl17 0 -- pchl7 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 0 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of pch Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	C(1;YS)5   Df(1)259 (Sawamura and Yamamoto, 1997) Df(1)260-1 (Kimura et al., 1985) Df(1)403 (Maddern, 1977) Df(1)MMG2 (Green, 1982) Df(1)MMG3 (Green, 1982) Df(1)MMG4 (Green, 1982) Df(1)Sp(J1a) (Schalet, 1986) Df(1)Sp(J1b) (Schalet, 1986) Df(1)Sp(J1c) (Schalet, 1986) Df(1)y74k24.1 (Eeken et al., 1985)
Duplicated in	Dp(1;4)193 (Ahmad and Golic, 1998) Dp(1;f)1162 (Sawamura and Yamamoto, 1997) Dp(1;f)1162S2 (Sawamura and Yamamoto, 1997) Dp(1;f)1162S3 (Sawamura and Yamamoto, 1997) Dp(1;f)1162S4 (Sawamura and Yamamoto, 1997) Dp(1;f)1162S5 (Sawamura and Yamamoto, 1997) Dp(1;f)1187 (Zhang and Spradling, 1993) Dp(1;f)8002.231 (Zhang and Spradling, 1993) Dp(1;f)8002.537 (Zhang and Spradling, 1993) Dp(1;f)8002.915 (Zhang and Spradling, 1993) Dp(1;f)R (Eeken et al., 1985) Dp(1;Y)BSYy+ (Maddern, 1977) Dp(1;Y)y267g19.1 (Lefevre, 1981, Eeken et al., 1985, Schalet, 1986) Dp(1;Y)y59b   Dp(1;Y)y+ (Kimura et al., 1985) Dp(1;Y)y+mal+ (Eeken et al., 1985) Dp(1;Y)y+sc
Not duplicated in	Dp(1;f)8002.704 (Zhang and Spradling, 1993) Dp(1;f)8002.911 (Zhang and Spradling, 1993) Dp(1;Y)BSy31d (Maddern, 1977) Dp(1;Y)mal+
Not disrupted in	Df(1)A94 (Eeken et al., 1985) Df(1)HA18 (Schalet, 1986) Df(1)MMG1 (Green, 1982) Df(1)sc19 (Kimura et al., 1985) Df(1)Sp(br-dor) (Schalet, 1986) Df(1)sta (Eeken et al., 1985)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 0 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 terms )
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 0 terms )
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions pch allele Gene References
External Data
Linkouts
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (0) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Dipteran inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Insect inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Arthropod inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Metazoa inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (None identified)
No orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (None identified)
No non-Drosophilid orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (None identified)
No non-Dipteran orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (None identified)
No non-Insect Arthropod orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (None identified)
No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
Human Orthologs (0)
Gene OMIM HGNC
AAA Orthologs (0) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
No orthologs identified
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 4 )
Bloomington	4623 pch22/FM7a 5648 pch26/FM7c 5732 pch12 y2 wi ct6 f1/FM7c 2527 C(1)DX, y1 f1/pch2 y1/Dp(1;Y)y+; svspa-pol
Genomic Clones ( 0 )
cDNA Clones ( 0 )
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 44545
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of
Additional comments	Mutations recovered under a number of lethal designations including the adult-lethal mutants called dmd and pch. Complementation tests by Tanimura and Shimozowa show that dmd fails to complement pch3 and Schalet demonstrated that several of the lethal alleles fail to complement pch2.
Other Comments
	pch2 flies appear normal at eclosion but commence dying immediately; all dead within 12 hr. pch2 progeny recovered about 60% as frequently as expected owing to pre-eclosion mortality in the pupal stage. Approximately 15% of pch2 individuals die before late pupa, 25% in late pupa, and 60% during first 24 hr after eclosion. Adults exhibit uncoordinated leg movement and then lose use of legs. In gynandromorphs, only pch2 tissue shows loss of leg coordination; such mosaics are doomed. pch2 flies killed by light etherization but not by prolonged CO2 narcosis. Fate mapping by method of focusing locates focus of lethal action to thoracic neural ganglia and not to thoracic musculature. Adult pch3 and pch4 flies have higher rates of water loss than wild-type flies, the rapid water loss causing early death in a desiccated environment. In an attempt to compensate for the loss, the mutants drink much more water than wild-type flies. Even dead pch flies lose water more rapidly than their wild-type counterparts, suggesting that a defect in the integument rather than in the digestive or trachea-spiracle systems is the source of the abnormality. pch larvae and pupae are not affected by desiccation. The survival of flies mosaic for pch/+ and pch/0 in a desiccated environment depends on the ratio of wild-type to mutant cuticle. No difference in the chemical composition of the cuticle between pch3 and the wild type detected. The relationship between mutants isolated as parched and doomed remains unclear, considering the reported differences in fate-mapping results (Flanagan, 1977 vs. Kimura et al., 1985).
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
Other Crossreferences
Linkouts
	GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 44545
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 15 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	addB   dmd   EC1 (Schalet, 1986, Lefevre and Watkins, 1986, Lefevre, 1981) EC2 (Eeken et al., 1985) l(1)1Aa (The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna, Sawamura and Yamamoto, 1997, Merriam et al., 1991, ) l(1)7e   l(1)d (Maddern, 1977) l(1)d   l(1)HF310   lEC1 (Green, 1982) lEC1 (Kamdar et al., 1994) pch
Name Synonym	adult-lethal-B   doomed   parched
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0000050 FBgn0001333 FBgn0003043 FBgn0004645
References ( 20 )
Research paper	Ahmad and Golic, 1998, Genetics 148(2): 775--792 The transmission of fragmented chromosomes in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0101865] Sawamura and Yamamoto, 1997, Heredity 79(1): 97--103 Characterization of a reproductive isolation gene, zygotic hybrid rescue, of Drosophila melanogaster by using minichromosomes. [FBrf0096234] Kamdar et al., 1994, Genetics 137(3): 791--801 The Drosophila molybdenum cofactor gene cinnamon is homologous to three Escherichia coli cofactor proteins and to the rat protein gephyrin. [FBrf0073502] Zhang and Spradling, 1993, Genetics 133(2): 361--373 Efficient and dispersed local P-element transposition from Drosophila females. [FBrf0058565] Merriam et al., 1991, Science 254(5029): 221--225 Toward cloning and mapping the genome of Drosophila. [FBrf0055071] Homyk and Pye, 1989, J. Neurogenet. 5: 37--48 Some mutations affecting neural or muscular tissues alter the physiological components of the electroretinogram in Drosophila. [FBrf0050364] Perrimon et al., 1989, Genetics 121: 333--352 Zygotic lethals with specific maternal effect phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0049894] Lefevre and Watkins, 1986, Genetics 113: 869--895 The question of the total gene number in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0044483] Schalet, 1986, Mutat. Res. 163: 115--144 The distribution of and complementation relationships between spontaneous X-linked recessive lethal mutations recovered from crossing long-term laboratory stocks of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0045066] Eeken et al., 1985, Mutat. Res. 150: 261--275 Distribution of MR-induced sex-linked recessive lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0043301] Kimura et al., 1985, J. Insect Physiol. 31(7): 573--580 Water loss through the integument in the desiccation-sensitive mutant, parched, of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0043022] Green, 1982, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79(17): 5367--5369 Genetic instability in Drosophila melanogaster: deletion induction by insertion sequences. [FBrf0038645] Lefevre, 1981, Genetics 99(34): 461--480 The distribution of randomly recovered X-ray induced sex-linked genetic effects in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0036522] Flanagan, 1977, Genetics 85: 587--607 A method for fate mapping foci of lethal and behavioral mutants in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0030164] Maddern, 1977, D. I. S. 52: 82 Distal X linked lethals. [FBrf0029940] Maddern, 1972, D. I. S. 49: 48 Presence of a number of lethal mutants at the extreme tip of the X chromosome. [FBrf0023636] Benzer, 1971, JAMA 218: 1015--1022 From the gene to behavior. [FBrf0022877]
Stock list	The Moscow Regional Drosophila melanogaster Stock Center, Dubna, Russia, 1997, D. I. S. 80: 109--130 Stock list. [FBrf0098381]
Book	Lindsley and Zimm, 1992, The Genome of Drosophila melanogaster. The Genome of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0066905] Lindsley and Grell, 1968, Publs Carnegie Instn 627: 469pp Genetic variations of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0020044]