Gene Dmel\ey

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General Information

Symbol

Dmel\ey

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

eyeless

Annotation symbol

CG1464

Feature type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0005558

Created / Updated

2005-01-10/2005-01-10

Genomic Location

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

4-2.0

Cytogenetic map

102C2-102C2

Sequence location

4:718,315..741,787 [+]

Map ( GBrowse )

Summary Information

Automatically generated summary

See sections below for more information

The gene eyeless is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol ey (CG1464, FBgn0005558). It has the cytological map location 102C2. Its sequence location is 4:718315..741787. Its molecular function is described as: sequence-specific DNA binding; protein binding; transcription activator activity; transcription factor activity. It is involved in the biological processes: eye-antennal disc morphogenesis; mushroom body development; adult walking behavior; brain development; compound eye morphogenesis; glial cell migration; regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; compound eye development; photoreceptor cell fate specification. 48 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with 59 unique terms, many of which group under: nervous system; adult segment; adult brain; organ system; peripheral nervous system; thoracic segment; embryonic nervous system; antennal segment; imaginal precursor; dorsal thoracic disc; commissure. It has 4 annotated transcripts and 4 annotated polypeptides.

External Summaries

Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)

Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage

ey: eyeless

ey4: eyeless-4
Edith M. Wallace, unpublished.

Eye size variably reduced depending on allele (see table); expressivity more variable for some alleles than for others. Tetragonal packing of facets and face-centered tetragonal bristle lattice (eyR) in place of hexagonal array of wild type [Hartman and Hayes, 1971, J. Hered. 62: 41-43 (fig.)]; associated with a failure of the horizontal secondary pigment cell to expand to give rise to the horizontal boundaries between ommatidia [Ready, Hanson, and Benzer, 1976, Dev. Biol. 53: 217-40 (fig.)]. Some ey2 flies show duplications of antennae or antennal segments with or without duplication of aristae; extra maxillary structures also observed (Shatouri, 1963, Caryologia 16: 431-37). Optical disks reduced in size [(ey1) Richards and Farrow, 1922, Proc. Oklahoma Acad. Sci. 2: 41-45; (ey2) Medvedev, 1935, Z. Indukt. Abstamm. Vererbungsl. 70: 55-72 (fig.); 1935, Tr. Inst. Genet. Akad. Nauk SSSR 10: 119-51; Steinberg, 1944, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 30: 5-13; (ey4) Chen, 1929, J. Morphol. 47: 135-99]. Degenerating cells abundantly observed in the optic disks of third-instar larvae of ey2 [Fristrom, 1969, Mol. Gen. Genet. 103: 363-79 (fig.); Ransom, 1979, J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 53: 225-35]. Expressivity sensitive to genetic background [(ey4) Spofford, 1956, Genetics 41: 938-59; (ey1, ey2, ey4, eyK) Hunt and Burnet, 1969, Genet. Res. 13: 251-65]. Phenotype also responds to developmental temperature, larval density, and composition of medium. Eye size reported to increase with increased temperature in e1 (Baron, 1935, J. Exp. Zool. 70: 461-90) and eyK (Sang and Burnet, 1963, Genetics 48: 1683-99) but to decrease in eyW (Meyer, 1959, DIS 33: 97). Phenotype less extreme in flies raised under crowded conditions at 18 but not 25 (Sang and Burnet, 1963; see also Chester, 1971, DIS 46: 62-63). Eye size of four alleles increased by cholesterol deprivation and decreased by dietary deficiencies in thiamine or RNA (Hunt and Burnet, 1969). Larval feeding of lactamide to ey2 causes decreased eye size, which is of opposite sign from its effect on B (Grant and Rapport, 1980, DIS 55: 53); no such effect of lactamide on eyK observed by Sang and Burnet (1963). ey2 flies exhibit normal visual orientation in Y maze (Bulthoff, 1982, DIS 58: 31). ey2, ey4, and eyK in combination with eyg (3-35.5) results in almost complete curtailment of eye development and synthetic lethality, with the major lethal crisis at the end of the pupal stage and a minor lethal phase at pupation; rare surviving adults have brain in anterior thorax [Hunt, 1970, Genet. Res. 15: 29-34 (fig.)].

eyD: eyeless-Dominant

eyD: eyeless-Dominant
Left: head. Right: first pair of legs. From Patterson and Muller, 1930, Genetics 15: 495-577.

Eyes of heterozygotes small, outline irregular, displaced toward top and rear. Head large, often with duplicated antennae or ocelli. Basitarsus broadened distally and incompletely separated from second tarsal segment owing to interruptions of the intersegmental membrane. Polarity of bract-bristle arrangement locally reversed in regions of membrane gaps [Poodry and Schneiderman, 1976, Wilhelm Roux's Arch. Dev. Biol. 180: 175-88 (fig.)]. 27-48 sex-comb teeth disposed in more-or-less parallel longitudinal rows in males; number of transverse-bristle rows increased in females (Stern and Tokunaga, 1967, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 57: 658-64). Extra leg joints tend to form as mirror-image duplications proximal to the normal joint between the first and second tarsal joints (Held, Duarte, and Derakhshanian, 1986, Wilhelm Roux's Arch. Dev. Biol. 195: 145-57). Clones of ey+ tissue in eyD/+ background exhibit eyD/+ phenotype (Stern and Tokunaga, 1967), but both ey+ leg disks transplanted into eyD hosts and the reciprocal transplant develop autonomously (Tokunaga, 1970, Dev. Biol. 18: 401-13). fj eyD flies have but three tarsal joints (Postlethwaite and Schneiderman, 1975, Annu. Rev. Genet. 7: 381-433). Fully dominant in triplo-4 flies (Sturtevant, 1936, Genetics 21: 448). Eye size of B; eyD/+ males larger than of B alone. Produces extreme phenotype in combination with D. D/+; eyD/+ almost completely lethal (Sobels, Kruijt, and Spronk, 1951, DIS 25: 128). Homozygous lethal; two lethal crises, one during first or second larval instar and the other just prior to or during pupal stage. Cell degeneration observed in optic disks of homozygous second-instar larval (Ransom, 1979, J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 53: 225-35). Larvae which are unable to pupate rescuable by injection of α-ecdysone (Arking, 1969, J. Exp. Zool. 171: 285-96). Homozygotes reaching pupal stage lack adult derivatives of eye-antennal disks; adult derivatives are formed by eyD/eyD eye-antennal disks transplanted into wildtype hosts; brain present but number of cortical cells severely reduced (Arking, Putnam, and Schubiger, 1975, J. Expt. Zool. 193: 301-12). RK2.

Detailed Mapping Data

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

102C2-102C2

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{SUPor-P}Asator^KG05051&P{SUPor-P}KG01424 and PBac{3HPy⁺}C024

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

4-2.0

(Sturtevant, 1951)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Mapped by recombination in diplo-4 triploids.

(Sturtevant, 1951)

Molecular Map Data

Gene Order (in direction of increasing cytology)

References

Gene Order (overall orientation not stated)

References

Gene Model & Products

Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\ey for information on other features

Comments on Gene Model

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Associated CDS (aa)

ey-RA

FBtr0089236

NM_079889

2844

838

ey-RB

FBtr0089235

NM_166789

2842

624

ey-RC

FBtr0100395

NM_001014694

2890

857

ey-RD

FBtr0100396

NM_001014693

3024

898

Additional Transcript Data & Comments

Reported size (kB)

2.8 (longest cDNA)

(Quiring et al., 1994)

Comments

larval

(Quiring et al., 1994)

A third, adult-specific ey transcript was isolated. This transcript contains both exons 1 and 2.

(Sheng et al., 1997)

embryonic

(Quiring et al., 1994)

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kD)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

RefSeq ID

GenBank protein

ey-PA

FBpp0088300

87.7

838

7.79

NP_524628

AAF59318

ey-PB

FBpp0088299

65.1

624

7.01

NP_726607

AAN06513

ey-PC

FBpp0099809

89.4

857

7.56

NP_001014694

AAX52513

ey-PD

FBpp0099810

93.8

898

7.38

NP_001014693

AAX52512

Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments

Reported size (kD)

857, 838 (aa); 82.5 (kD predicted)

(Quiring et al., 1994)

Comments

External Data

Linkouts

PANTHER - Protein classification by function, families, and pathways

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FBgn0005558

Crossreferences

InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites

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Homeobox (IPR001356)

Paired box protein, N-terminal (IPR001523)

Homeodomain-like (IPR009057)

Winged helix repressor DNA-binding (IPR011991)

TRANSFAC - Eukaryotic transcription factors, their genomic binding sites, and DNA-binding profiles

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T01818

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

DDBJ /
EMBL /
GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

Name

O18381

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Maps to

(Locke et al., 2000)

Does NOT map to

Identified with

GH01157

(BDGP Project Members, 2000-)

Mapped Features & Mutations

Please see GBrowse or insertion reports for information on insertions of transgenic constructs and features not listed here

Type

Symbol & Location

Additional Notes

References

aberration junction

Dp(2;4)ey[D].bk3
4:734,411..735,160

comment=@complex_change_in_nucleotide_sequence ; SO:1000005
linked_to=EcoRI-EcoRI_rfrag
comment=Insertion of a region(24D1,2 to 24BC) from the second chromosome after the 305th base of the exon. The insertion is accompanied by a deletion of 320bp. The resulting truncated peptide is 346aa.

(Hauck et al., 1999)

enhancer

ey-enhancer-1
4:730,631..730,841

comment=eye-specific enhancer; 212bp fragment drives expression of a reporter gene in the eye primordia from stage 15 embryos through to third instar larvae.
evidence=experimental

(Hauck et al., 1999)

point mutation

ey[JD]
4:738,288..738,288

evidence=experimental
pr_change=R492|ey-PD,R451|ey-PC,R432|ey-PA,R218|ey-P B
reported_na_change=C1382T
reported_pr_change=R433@
comment=@C_to_T_transition ; SO:1000011
comment=@nonsense_codon_change_in_transcript ; SO:1000062
na_change=C738288T

(Callaerts et al., 2001)

point mutation

ey[11]
4:740,947..740,947

evidence=experimental
reported_na_change=G?A
comment=The splice acceptor has been mutated from TTCAGG to TTCAAG. This leads to a peptide truncated at amino acid 635.
comment=@splice_acceptor_mutation ; SO:1000073
na_change=G740947A

(Benassayag et al., 2003)

sequence variant

ey[EH]
4:733,179..733,184

comment=@complex_change_in_nucleotide_sequence ; SO:1000005
evidence=experimental
comment=A 6 bp sequence is replaced with a single T nucleotide causing a frameshift and early translation termination. The peptide truncates at amino acid 116.
comment=@plus_1_frameshift_mutation ; SO:1000066

(Benassayag et al., 2003)

sequence variant

ey[D1Da]
4:740,995..741,031

evidence=experimental
comment=A region of 37bp is deleted and replaced by 5bp (GTCGG). This results in a frameshift and premature translation termination. A protein of 682 amino acids is produced, the last 29 of which are unrelated to wild type ey sequence.
comment=@complex_change_in_nucleotide_sequence ; SO:1000005
comment=@plus_1_frameshift_mutation ; SO:1000066

(Callaerts et al., 2001)

External Data

Linkouts

DEDB - Drosophila exon database: splicing graphs

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