Pax6, l(4)33, Pax-6, eye, OK107
transcription factor - homeodomain & pax domain - plays a crucial role in eye and brain development - controls the production of glial cells in the visual center - a temporal network transcription factor that controls neural fate of optic lobe medulla neuroblasts - eyeless, twin of eyeless, and dachshund control development of the mushroom bodies, the associative learning centers in the Drosophila brain
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AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.
Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.
Gene model reviewed during 5.47
2.8 (longest cDNA)
None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.
857, 838 (aa); 82.5 (kD predicted)
Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\ey using the Feature Mapper tool.
The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).
Comment: reported as embryonic central brain mushroom body
Expression in procephalic neuroblasts stage 9-11: tritocerebrum - d1, d2; deuterocerebrum - d4, v6, v7; protocerebrum - ad7, cd2, cd14, cv6, cv7, cv9, pd12, pd18, pd20, pv2
Developmental northern blots show that transcript can be detected throughout development.
ey is expressed in a cluster of approximately 10-12 cells beginning at stage 9 of embryogenesis, which correspond to the mushroom body neuroblasts. As the mushroom body neuroblasts delaminate they maintain ey expression, whereas expression diminishes in ectodermal cells that stay on the surface. ey is also expressed in a small group of neuroblasts in the deutocerebrum and tritocerebrum and in segmentally reiterated groups of three SII neuroblasts in the ventral nerve cord. Levels of expression are noted to decline by embryogenesis stage 13.
ey is expressed in mushroom body neuroblasts and in the eye disc primordium at embryonic stage 10.
Comment: row 3-5 neuroblasts
Comment: 24 hours after hatching
Comment: 24 hours after hatching
Comment: 24 hours after hatching
Comment: 24 hours after hatching
Comment: 72 hours APF
ey-protein is expressed in the developing larval medulla in lateral neuroblasts adjacent to l(1)sc-positive neuroepithelium and gradually weakened in neuroblasts located in more medial regions. It is co-expressed with klu-protein except for the most lateral neuroblasts. ey-protein persists in ganglion mother cells and neurons of the developing medulla.
The expression of ey, ap, and Dll were compared in outer optic lobes (OPC) starting in late third instar larvae. At this stage they were expressed as three distinct cell populations. In anterior sections, the three genes are expressed a three parallele stripes of cells that represent rows of neurons that emerge from the OPC. They correspond to progeny from the youngest to oldest neuroblasts. In middle sections, Dll-positive cells are generated in the progeny of the oldest neuroblasts, with ey-positive and ap-positive cells often placed below Dll-positive (in cells that had emerged earlier from the these neuroblasts). By the beginning of pupation, the number of cells origination from the OPC increased. A major reorganization of optic lobe structure occurs around P20 such that the three stripes are no longer distinguishable and the three cell populations are extensively interspersed within the adult medulla cortex.
ey protein is first detected in the CNS at embryonic stage 10 and corresponds to the downregulation of ind. The expression domains of ey and ind are mutually exclusive during stages 10 and 11. ey is primarily expressed in row 3-5 neuroblasts at late stage 10 and is not detected in en-positive neuroblasts.
Expression in procephalic neuroblasts stage 9-11: tritocerebrum - d1, d2; deuterocerebrum - d4, v6, v7; protocerebrum - ad7, cd2, cd14, cv6, cv7, cv9, pd12, pd18, pd20, pv2
Comment: when combined with Mi{Trojan-GAL4DBD.0}DbxMI05316-TG4DBD.0
Comment: strong expression
Comment: 62 of 110 labeled neurons
Comment: faint expression
Comment: faint expression
Comment: only expressed in 'old' secondary neuroblasts.
JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals
View Dmel\ey in JBrowse4-0
4-2.0
Mapped by recombination in diplo-4 triploids.
Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.
monoclonal
polyclonal
The DNA binding activity of ey relies on the PAI and L regions of the PD domain.
ey is not responsible for the development of head structures derived from the antennal disc, but is primarily required to inhibit cell death and to promote eye development.
Overexpression of ey produces a phenotype in the embryonic nervous system.
ey has a function in the structural development of the mushroom body.
so and eya are two mediators of the eye inducing activity of ey. ey appears to induce the initial expression of so and eya in the eye disc. so and eya then participate in a positive feedback loop that regulates the expression of all three genes. In the embryonic head, however, so acts in parallel to ey and toy. The epistatic relationships among the corresponding vertebrate homologs are very similar to those observed in Drosophila.
Used in an investigation to address the relationship between retrotransposons and retroviruses and the coadaptation of these retroelements to their host genomes. Results indicate retrotransposons are heterogeneous in contrast to retroviruses, suggesting different modes of evolution by slippage-like mechanisms.
Targeted expression of ey in various imaginal disc primordia results in ectopic eyes on the wings, legs and antennae. The ectopic eyes appear morphologically normal and consist of groups of fully differentiated ommatidia with a complete set of photoreceptor cells. Similar ectopic eyes can be induced by targeted expression of the Mmus\Pax6 gene.
Comparisons of early development to that in other insects have revealed conservation of some aspects of development, as well as differences that may explain variations in early patterning events.
Eye size variably reduced depending on allele (see table); expressivity more variable for some alleles than for others. Tetragonal packing of facets and face-centered tetragonal bristle lattice (eyR) in place of hexagonal array of wild type (Hartman and Hayes, 1971); associated with a failure of the horizontal secondary pigment cell to expand to give rise to the horizontal boundaries between ommatidia (Ready, Hanson and Benzer, 1976). Some ey2 flies show duplications of antennae or antennal segments with or without duplication of aristae; extra maxillary structures also observed (Shatouri, 1963). Optical discs reduced in size (ey<up>1) Richards and Farrow, 1922; (ey2) Medvedev, 1935; Medvedev, 1935; Steinberg, 1944; (ey4) Chen, 1929</up>. Degenerating cells abundantly observed in the optic discs of third instar larvae of ey2 (Fristrom, 1969; Ransom, 1979). Expressivity sensitive to genetic background (ey<up>4) Spofford, 1956; (ey1, ey2, ey4, eyK) Hunt and Burnet, 1969</up>. Phenotype also responds to developmental temperature, larval density, and composition of medium. Eye size reported to increase with increased temperature in e1 (Baron, 1935) and eyK (Sang and Burnet, 1963) but to decrease in eyW (Meyer, 1959). Phenotype less extreme in flies raised under crowded conditions at 18oC but not 25oC (Sang and Burnet, 1963; see also Chester, 1971). Eye size of four alleles increased by cholesterol deprivation and decreased by dietary deficiencies in thiamine or RNA (Hunt and Burnet, 1969). Larval feeding of lactamide to ey2 causes decreased eye size, which is of opposite sign from its effect on B (Grant and Rapport, 1980); no such effect of lactamide on eyK observed by Sang and Burnet (1963). ey2 flies exhibit normal visual orientation in Y maze (Bulthoff, 1982). ey2, ey4 and eyK in combination with eyg (3-35.5) results in almost complete curtailment of eye development and synthetic lethality, with the major lethal crisis at the end of the pupal stage and a minor lethal phase at pupation; rare surviving adults have brain in anterior thorax (Hunt, 1970).
Source for identity of: ey CG1464