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Gene Dmel\Shal

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Shal	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	Shaker cognate l	Annotation symbol	CG9262
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0005564
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	7 publicly available
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3L	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	76B7-76B8	Sequence location	3L:19,559,951..19,577,668 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene Shaker cognate l is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\Shal (CG9262, FBgn0005564). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: A-type (transient outward) potassium channel activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: synaptic transmission. 12 alleles are reported. The phenotype of these alleles is annotated with: embryonic/larval neuron. It has 3 annotated transcripts and 3 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: BTB/POZ fold; BTB/POZ-like; Ion transport domain; Potassium channel tetramerisation-type BTB domain; Potassium channel, voltage dependent, Kv; Potassium channel, voltage dependent, Kv4; Potassium channel, voltage dependent, Kv4, C-terminal; Shal-type voltage-gated potassium channels; Voltage-dependent potassium channel. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 18-24 hour embryonic stages, during early larval stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult crop, larval/adult hindgut. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1638398_at completely aligns to an exonic region common to each of the 2 FlyBase-annotated transcript isoforms of Shal. Gene sequence location is 3L:19559951..19577668.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	Shal (J.C. Hall) Expression of Shal cDNA-derived mRNA in Xenopus oocytes (Wei, Covarrubias, Butler, Baker, Pak, and Salkoff, unpublished) leads to potassium currents intermediate in kinetic properties between those associated with Sh (using the heterologous egg system) and Shaw (same kind of experiment), i.e., between very rapid activation/inactivation (Sh-encoded "A"-type channels) and quite slow kinetics (Shaw-encoded, delayed-rectifier-type channels).
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02	Controlled Vocabulary Terms delayed rectifier potassium channel activity
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 76B7-76B8   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}MESR6EP3142 and P{lacW}l(3)L3809L3809
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 76B-76B   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Butler et al., 1989)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Shal for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.46 Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) Shal-RA FBtr0074973  NM_079435   2589   490 Shal-RB FBtr0112853  NM_001104176   4097   571 Shal-RC FBtr0333273  NM_001275126   2357   520
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein Shal-PA   FBpp0074741   55.9   490   8.28     NP_524159   AAF49144 Shal-PB   FBpp0111766   64.6   571   8.09     NP_001097646   ABW08570 Shal-PC   FBpp0305471   59.1   520   8.11     NP_001262055   AGB94748
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	605, 490 (aa); 56 (kD predicted) (Wei et al., 1990) 490 (aa) (Butler et al., 1990)
Comments	Co-injection experiments in Xenopus oocytes were used to test for formation of functional heterodimers between Sh subfamily members. In fact, no functional heterodimers (as shown by novel current kinetics) were detected when all pairwise combinations of the four different channel subfamilies (Sh, Shab, Shal, and Shaw) were tested. The independence of each channel system was retained even when all four were co-expressed. (Covarrubias et al., 1991) Shal protein was expressed in Xenopus oocytes and characterized with respect to kinetics (rate of macroscopic current activation and inactivation) and voltage sensitivity of steady-state inactivation. Those properties were compared among the Sh subfamily members and found to vary widely. Shal encodes the transient (A current)subtype of potassium channel and appears to function as a homomultimer. (Wei et al., 1990)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • BTB/POZ fold (IPR011333) BTB/POZ-like (IPR000210) Voltage-dependent potassium channel (IPR003091) Potassium channel tetramerisation-type BTB domain (IPR003131) Potassium channel, voltage dependent, Kv (IPR003968) Potassium channel, voltage dependent, Kv4 (IPR003975) Ion transport domain (IPR005821) Potassium channel, voltage dependent, Kv4, C-terminal (IPR024587) Voltage-dependent potassium channel, four helix bundle domain (IPR027359) Shal-type voltage-gated potassium channels (IPR021645)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE014296 AAF49144   AE014296 ABW08570   AE014296 AGB94748   BE979069   BF491689   BI229206   BI229228   BI232942   BI236952   BI355960   BI358345   BI366479   BI367828   BI372759   BP548683   BT024203   CO178706   CO179216   CO186677   CO266173   CO269485   CO284962   CO285839   CO294580   CO294937   CO297742   CO299664   CO312327   CO317551   CO323590   CO323926   CO327485   CO340518   CZ482962   CZ483168   EC051936   EC052382   EC053012   EC053497   EC054365   EC054961   EC055488   EC055511   EC056523   EC057416   EC058342   EC061188   EC061532   EC062509   EC063910   EC064367   EC069929   EC074730   EC075575   EC077930   EC204159   EC207908   EC208626   EC211475   EC211987   EC221231   EC223042   EC236730   EC255858   EC257610   GH942109   GH942727   GH943358   GH944664   GH947791   GH948199   GH948570   GH948706   GH949900   GH955759   GH957211   GH960863   GH969376   GH974151   GH979790   GH980849   GH981309   GH981577   GH982632   GH984792   M32660 AAA28895
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P17971
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 13 -- 16   embryonic brain   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic hindgut   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval muscle system   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval nervous system   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval visceral muscle   (Fisher et al., 2012) longitudinal visceral muscle fiber   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral midline   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral nerve cord   (Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult crop, larval/adult hindgut. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    13.25 Larval Midgut    62 Larval Hindgut    148.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    17.1 Larval Fat Body    6.8 Larval Salivary Gland    10.8 Larval Trachea    12.125 Larval Carcass    17.975 Adult Head    25.1 Adult Eye    77.55 Adult Brain    53.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    36.6 Adult Crop    367.7 Adult Midgut    31.8 Adult Hindgut    106.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    15.4 Adult Fat Body    7.6 Adult Salivary Gland    17.1 Adult Heart    70.275 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    17.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    18 Adult Ovary    15 Adult Testis    11.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    10.4 Adult Carcass    21.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    13.25 Larval Midgut    62 Larval Hindgut    148.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    17.1 Larval Fat Body    6.8 Larval Salivary Gland    10.8 Larval Trachea    12.125 Larval Carcass    17.975 Adult Head    25.1 Adult Eye    77.55 Adult Brain    53.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    36.6 Adult Crop    367.7 Adult Midgut    31.8 Adult Hindgut    106.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    15.4 Adult Fat Body    7.6 Adult Salivary Gland    17.1 Adult Heart    70.275 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    17.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    18 Adult Ovary    15 Adult Testis    11.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    10.4 Adult Carcass    21.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    13.25 Larval Midgut    62 Larval Hindgut    148.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    17.1 Larval Fat Body    6.8 Larval Salivary Gland    10.8 Larval Trachea    12.125 Larval Carcass    17.975 Adult Head    25.1 Adult Eye    77.55 Adult Brain    53.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    36.6 Adult Crop    367.7 Adult Midgut    31.8 Adult Hindgut    106.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    15.4 Adult Fat Body    7.6 Adult Salivary Gland    17.1 Adult Heart    70.275 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    17.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    18 Adult Ovary    15 Adult Testis    11.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    10.4 Adult Carcass    21.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    13.25 Larval Midgut    62 Larval Hindgut    148.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    17.1 Larval Fat Body    6.8 Larval Salivary Gland    10.8 Larval Trachea    12.125 Larval Carcass    17.975 Adult Head    25.1 Adult Eye    77.55 Adult Brain    53.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    36.6 Adult Crop    367.7 Adult Midgut    31.8 Adult Hindgut    106.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    15.4 Adult Fat Body    7.6 Adult Salivary Gland    17.1 Adult Heart    70.275 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    17.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    18 Adult Ovary    15 Adult Testis    11.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    10.4 Adult Carcass    21.8 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    13.25 Larval Midgut    62 Larval Hindgut    148.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    17.1 Larval Fat Body    6.8 Larval Salivary Gland    10.8 Larval Trachea    12.125 Larval Carcass    17.975 Adult Head    25.1 Adult Eye    77.55 Adult Brain    53.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    36.6 Adult Crop    367.7 Adult Midgut    31.8 Adult Hindgut    106.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    15.4 Adult Fat Body    7.6 Adult Salivary Gland    17.1 Adult Heart    70.275 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    17.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    18 Adult Ovary    15 Adult Testis    11.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    10.4 Adult Carcass    21.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    13.25 Larval Midgut    62 Larval Hindgut    148.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    17.1 Larval Fat Body    6.8 Larval Salivary Gland    10.8 Larval Trachea    12.125 Larval Carcass    17.975 Adult Head    25.1 Adult Eye    77.55 Adult Brain    53.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    36.6 Adult Crop    367.7 Adult Midgut    31.8 Adult Hindgut    106.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    15.4 Adult Fat Body    7.6 Adult Salivary Gland    17.1 Adult Heart    70.275 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    17.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    18 Adult Ovary    15 Adult Testis    11.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    10.4 Adult Carcass    21.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    13.25 Larval Midgut    62 Larval Hindgut    148.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    17.1 Larval Fat Body    6.8 Larval Salivary Gland    10.8 Larval Trachea    12.125 Larval Carcass    17.975 Adult Head    25.1 Adult Eye    77.55 Adult Brain    53.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    36.6 Adult Crop    367.7 Adult Midgut    31.8 Adult Hindgut    106.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    15.4 Adult Fat Body    7.6 Adult Salivary Gland    17.1 Adult Heart    70.275 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    17.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    18 Adult Ovary    15 Adult Testis    11.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    10.4 Adult Carcass    21.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    13.25 Larval Midgut    62 Larval Hindgut    148.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    17.1 Larval Fat Body    6.8 Larval Salivary Gland    10.8 Larval Trachea    12.125 Larval Carcass    17.975 Adult Head    25.1 Adult Eye    77.55 Adult Brain    53.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    36.6 Adult Crop    367.7 Adult Midgut    31.8 Adult Hindgut    106.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    15.4 Adult Fat Body    7.6 Adult Salivary Gland    17.1 Adult Heart    70.275 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    17.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    18 Adult Ovary    15 Adult Testis    11.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    10.4 Adult Carcass    21.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    25.1   NA  Eye    77.55   NA  Brain    53.1   13.25  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    36.6   NA  Crop    367.7   62  Midgut    no informative data   148.3  Hindgut    106.8   no informative data  Malpighian Tubules    no informative data   6.8  Fat Body    7.6   no informative data  Salivary Gland    no informative data   NA  Heart    70.275   no informative data  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    no informative data   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    18   NA  Ovary    15   NA  Testis    no informative data   NA  Male Accessory Gland    no informative data   no informative data  Carcass    21.8 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    19 central nervous system, pupae P8    65 head, virgin 1-day female    24 head, virgin 4-day female    19 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    21 head, mated 4-day female    20 head, mated 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day male    34 head, mated 4-day male    35 head, mated 20-day male    24 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    3 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    5 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    2 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    10 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    4 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    19 central nervous system, pupae P8  (65) head, virgin 1-day female    24 head, virgin 4-day female    19 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    21 head, mated 4-day female    20 head, mated 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day male  (34) head, mated 4-day male  (35) head, mated 20-day male    24 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    3 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    5 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    2 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    10 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    4 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    19 central nervous system, pupae P8    65 head, virgin 1-day female    24 head, virgin 4-day female    19 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    21 head, mated 4-day female    20 head, mated 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day male    34 head, mated 4-day male    35 head, mated 20-day male    24 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    3 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    5 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    2 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    10 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    4 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    19 central nervous system, pupae P8    65 head, virgin 1-day female    24 head, virgin 4-day female    19 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    21 head, mated 4-day female    20 head, mated 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day male    34 head, mated 4-day male    35 head, mated 20-day male    24 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    3 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    5 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    2 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    10 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    4 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    19 central nervous system, pupae P8    65 head, virgin 1-day female    24 head, virgin 4-day female    19 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    21 head, mated 4-day female    20 head, mated 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day male    34 head, mated 4-day male    35 head, mated 20-day male    24 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    3 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    5 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    2 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    10 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    4 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    19 central nervous system, pupae P8  (65) head, virgin 1-day female    24 head, virgin 4-day female    19 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    21 head, mated 4-day female    20 head, mated 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day male  (34) head, mated 4-day male  (35) head, mated 20-day male    24 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    3 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    5 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    2 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    10 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    4 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    19 central nervous system, pupae P8    65 head, virgin 1-day female    24 head, virgin 4-day female    19 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    21 head, mated 4-day female    20 head, mated 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day male    34 head, mated 4-day male    35 head, mated 20-day male    24 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    3 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    5 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    2 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    10 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    4 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    19 central nervous system, pupae P8    65 head, virgin 1-day female    24 head, virgin 4-day female    19 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    21 head, mated 4-day female    20 head, mated 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day male    34 head, mated 4-day male    35 head, mated 20-day male    24 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    3 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    5 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    2 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    10 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    4 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 18-24 hour embryonic stages, during early larval stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    1 embryo 06-08hr    1 embryo 08-10hr    1 embryo 10-12hr    5 embryo 12-14hr    7 embryo 14-16hr    9 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    13 embryo 20-22hr    15 embryo 22-24hr    17 larva L1    13 larva L2    6 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    3 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    6 pupae 3d postWPP    10 pupae 4d postWPP    8 adult male 01day    5 adult male 05day    6 adult male 30day    4 adult female 01day    3 adult female 05day    2 adult female 30day    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    1 embryo 06-08hr    1 embryo 08-10hr    1 embryo 10-12hr    5 embryo 12-14hr    7 embryo 14-16hr    9 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    13 embryo 20-22hr    15 embryo 22-24hr    17 larva L1    13 larva L2    6 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    3 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    6 pupae 3d postWPP    10 pupae 4d postWPP    8 adult male 01day    5 adult male 05day    6 adult male 30day    4 adult female 01day    3 adult female 05day    2 adult female 30day    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    1 embryo 06-08hr    1 embryo 08-10hr    1 embryo 10-12hr    5 embryo 12-14hr    7 embryo 14-16hr    9 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    13 embryo 20-22hr    15 embryo 22-24hr    17 larva L1    13 larva L2    6 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    3 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    6 pupae 3d postWPP    10 pupae 4d postWPP    8 adult male 01day    5 adult male 05day    6 adult male 30day    4 adult female 01day    3 adult female 05day    2 adult female 30day    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    1 embryo 06-08hr    1 embryo 08-10hr    1 embryo 10-12hr    5 embryo 12-14hr    7 embryo 14-16hr    9 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    13 embryo 20-22hr    15 embryo 22-24hr    17 larva L1    13 larva L2    6 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    3 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    6 pupae 3d postWPP    10 pupae 4d postWPP    8 adult male 01day    5 adult male 05day    6 adult male 30day    4 adult female 01day    3 adult female 05day    2 adult female 30day    2 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    1 embryo 06-08hr    1 embryo 08-10hr    1 embryo 10-12hr    5 embryo 12-14hr    7 embryo 14-16hr    9 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    13 embryo 20-22hr    15 embryo 22-24hr    17 larva L1    13 larva L2    6 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    3 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    6 pupae 3d postWPP    10 pupae 4d postWPP    8 adult male 01day    5 adult male 05day    6 adult male 30day    4 adult female 01day    3 adult female 05day    2 adult female 30day    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    1 embryo 06-08hr    1 embryo 08-10hr    1 embryo 10-12hr    5 embryo 12-14hr    7 embryo 14-16hr    9 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    13 embryo 20-22hr    15 embryo 22-24hr    17 larva L1    13 larva L2    6 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    3 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    6 pupae 3d postWPP    10 pupae 4d postWPP    8 adult male 01day    5 adult male 05day    6 adult male 30day    4 adult female 01day    3 adult female 05day    2 adult female 30day    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    1 embryo 06-08hr    1 embryo 08-10hr    1 embryo 10-12hr    5 embryo 12-14hr    7 embryo 14-16hr    9 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    13 embryo 20-22hr    15 embryo 22-24hr    17 larva L1    13 larva L2    6 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    3 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    6 pupae 3d postWPP    10 pupae 4d postWPP    8 adult male 01day    5 adult male 05day    6 adult male 30day    4 adult female 01day    3 adult female 05day    2 adult female 30day    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    1 embryo 06-08hr    1 embryo 08-10hr    1 embryo 10-12hr    5 embryo 12-14hr    7 embryo 14-16hr    9 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    13 embryo 20-22hr    15 embryo 22-24hr    17 larva L1    13 larva L2    6 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    3 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    6 pupae 3d postWPP    10 pupae 4d postWPP    8 adult male 01day    5 adult male 05day    6 adult male 30day    4 adult female 01day    3 adult female 05day    2 adult female 30day    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    1 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    2 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    1 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    2 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    1 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    1 ovary OSC    1 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    1 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    2 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    1 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    2 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    1 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    1 ovary OSC    1 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    1 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    2 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    1 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    2 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    1 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    1 ovary OSC    1 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    1 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    2 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    1 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    2 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    1 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    1 ovary OSC    1 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    1 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    2 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    1 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    2 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    1 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    1 ovary OSC    1 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    1 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    2 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    1 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    2 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    1 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    1 ovary OSC    1 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    1 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    2 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    1 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    2 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    1 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    1 ovary OSC    1 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    1 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    2 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    1 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    2 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    1 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    1 ovary OSC    1 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    3 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    3 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    3 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    3 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    3 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    3 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    3 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    3 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_14 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_11
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • RE45089 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0005564 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG9262-RA FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for Shal Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele viable, with Dcr-2Scer\UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4e22c, Scer\GAL4sqh.PW ShalKK100264 viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 ShalGD2733 viable (with Df(3L)kto2) Shalf00495 Sterility Allele fertile (with Df(3L)kto2) Shalf00495 Other Phenotypes Allele grooming behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU ShalDN.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 locomotor behavior defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4C164 ShalDN.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 locomotor behavior defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU ShalDN.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 locomotor behavior defective | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4109(2)80 ShalDN.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 locomotor behavior defective | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4C164 ShalDN.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 locomotor behavior defective | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU ShalDN.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 neurophysiology defective, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU ShalDN.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 neurophysiology defective, with Scer\GAL4eve.RRa ShalDN.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 Phenotype manifest in Allele embryonic/larval neuron, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU ShalDN.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 motor neuron | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4eve.RRa ShalDN.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1
Classical Alleles ( 4 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of Shal Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion Shalf00495 piggyBac transposase 2 -- Shalf00700 piggyBac transposase 1 -- ShalMB05249 1 -- ShalMI00446 1 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 8 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of Shal Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion ShalJF02154 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes ShalKK100264 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes Shal2.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes ShalDN.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes ShalGD2733 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes ShalNIG.9262R in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes ShalΔLL.AA.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes ShalΔLL.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3L)Exel9007 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(3L)Exel9008 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(3L)Exel9009 (Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD2733} NA P{KK100264} NA P{NIG.9262R} NA P{TRiP.JF02154} NA P{UAS-GFP-Shal2} NA P{UAS-GFP-Shal.ΔLL} NA P{UAS-GFP-Shal.ΔLL-AA} NA P{UAS-Shal.DN} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions Mi{MIC}ShalMI00446 NA PBac{WH}Shalf00495 NA PBac{WH}Shalf00700 NA insertion of enhancer trap binary system Mi{ET1}ShalMB05249 No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 10 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
A-type (transient outward) potassium channel activity inferred from direct assay (Diao et al., 2009)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
synaptic transmission inferred from mutant phenotype (Ping et al., 2011)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 8 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
NOT delayed rectifier potassium channel activity inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000165409 (assigned by RefGenome) (Gaudet et al., 2010) voltage-gated potassium channel activity non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.11.1) traceable author statement (Littleton and Ganetzky, 2000)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
potassium ion transport inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR003091, InterPro:IPR003131, InterPro:IPR003968, InterPro:IPR003975 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.11.1) traceable author statement (Littleton and Ganetzky, 2000) protein homooligomerization inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR003131 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) transmembrane transport inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR005821 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
integral to membrane non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.11.1) plasma membrane inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Butler et al., 1990) voltage-gated potassium channel complex inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR003091, InterPro:IPR003131, InterPro:IPR003968, InterPro:IPR003975 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) traceable author statement (Littleton and Ganetzky, 2000)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions Shal allele Gene References
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 65399 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0005564 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 40129
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (49) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG66MC46 Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6N5W55 Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6J6QM2 Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG6MGQPJ Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG6NGVDT
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG66MC46)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\Shal     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD17561 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM17707 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG13395 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE22487     Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE22488     Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF10727 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA21653 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL20887 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK19427 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ11877 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI13516 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH14392 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6N5W55)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL007104   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP007046   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ018527
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6J6QM2)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\GB42249   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG008382   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP20297   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO14171   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL10499   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH13069   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB17435   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV24658   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI004450   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA013355   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM065350   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC004130
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG6MGQPJ)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\SLC25A3   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW001662
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG6NGVDT)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\shl-1   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_012871gn   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\kcnd2   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\kcnd1   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\kcnd3   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\ENSXETG00000033363   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\kcnd1   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\kcnd3   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\KCND2   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\KCND3   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Kcnd2   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Kcnd1   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Kcnd3   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\ENSRNOG00000014686   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Kcnd1   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Kcnd2   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\KCND1   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\KCND2   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\KCND3
Human Orthologs (3)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\KCND1     Hsap\KCND2     Hsap\KCND3
AAA Orthologs (10) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD17561 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM17707 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG13395 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF10727 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA21653 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL20887 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK19427 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ11877 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI13516 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH14392
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 7 )
Bloomington	24326 w1118; Mi{ET1}ShalMB05249 31879 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF02154}attP2 31006 y1 w*; Mi{MIC}ShalMI00446 18338 w1118; PBac{WH}Shalf00495/TM6B, Tb1
Harvard	- PBac{WH}Shalf00495 - PBac{WH}Shalf00700
VDRC	v103363 P{KK100264}VIE-260B
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR01D04 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 79 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	RE45089
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	AT28487 RE26939 RE26964 RE29094 RE33087 RE37029 RE52025 RE53676 RE59915
Other clones	18438 29703 35200 54618 56287 56916 63733 65324 75314 78579 81929 101453 160632 163894 214407.43 214417.47 bs86d11 CK01.24D.D4 CK01.72B.H8 CK01.74D.H8 CK01.78A.F8 CK01.124C.B12 EC051936 EC052382 EC053012 EC053497 EC054365 EC054961 EC055488 EC055511 EC056523 EK022135 EK057364 EK058764 EK060856 EK094738 EK145218 EK167728 EK170440 EK176303 EK190914 EK191958 EK207232 EK208018 EK228464 EK268462 EP07338 EP10818 FGM001C01 RP004063382 RP004088139 RP004091441 RP004178439 RP004194467 RP004197506 RP004199227 RP004205450 RP004218645 RP004230025 RP004232679 RP004237659 RP004238719 RP004245992 RP004253113 RP004256147 RP004260068 RP004368182 RP004442373 RP004541387
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0005564 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 40129
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Diao et al., 2009, Diao et al., 2010)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Other Comments
	The monkey Cos cell line is a reasonable system for transient expression of K+ channels, particularly those with fast inactivation kinetics. (Yu et al., 1996) Shal encodes virtually all the transient K+ currents observed in embryonic neurons. (Tsunoda and Salkoff, 1995) Shab, Shal and Shaw account for virtually all single channel currents. (Tsunoda and Salkoff, 1995) Yeast two-hybrid system studies demonstrate the association of the hydrophilic N-terminal domains of the genes encoding channel proteins plays an important role in determining the specificity of α subunit association to form heteromultimeric potassium channels. (Xu et al., 1995) Sh, Shal, Shab and Shaw encode independent channel systems that function independently in Xenopus oocytes. (Salkoff et al., 1992) Although Sh, Shal, Shab and Shaw proteins share a conserved structral organisation, their potassium channel currents (expressed in Xenopus oocytes) differ greatly in individual kinetic properties and voltage sensitivity. (Butler et al., 1990) Sh, Shal, Shab and Shaw encode voltage gated potassium channels with widely varying kinetics (rate of macroscopic current activation and inactivation) and voltage sensitivity of steady state inactivation. (Wei et al., 1990) Potassium channel diversity could result from an extended gene family as well as from alternate splicing of the Sh primary transcript. (Butler et al., 1989) Expression of Shal cDNA-derived mRNA in Xenopus oocytes (Wei, Covarrubias, Butler, Baker, Pak and Salkoff, 1990a; Wei, Covarrubias, Butler, Baker, Pak and Salkoff, 1990b) leads to potassium currents intermediate in kinetic properties between those associated with Sh (using the heterologous egg system) and Shaw (same kind of experiment), i.e., between very rapid activation/inactivation (Sh-encoded 'A'-type channels) and quite slow kinetics (Shaw-encoded, delayed-rectifier-type channels).
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_079435 NM_001104176 NM_001275126 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_524159 NP_001097646 NP_001262055 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAA28895 AAF49144 ABW08570 AGB94748 BI358345 CZ482962 CZ483168 M32660 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 40129 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P17971
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • BTB/POZ fold (IPR011333) BTB/POZ-like (IPR000210) Voltage-dependent potassium channel (IPR003091) Potassium channel tetramerisation-type BTB domain (IPR003131) Potassium channel, voltage dependent, Kv (IPR003968) Potassium channel, voltage dependent, Kv4 (IPR003975) Ion transport domain (IPR005821) Potassium channel, voltage dependent, Kv4, C-terminal (IPR024587) Voltage-dependent potassium channel, four helix bundle domain (IPR027359) Shal-type voltage-gated potassium channels (IPR021645) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • RE45089
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 65399 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0005564 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0005564 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0005564 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG9262-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0005564 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 40129 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 40129 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0005564
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 12 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG9262 (Li et al., 2006, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Tsubouchi et al., 2012) DNKv4 (Ping et al., 2011) dShal (Hoopengardner et al., 2003) Kv4 (McCormack, 2003) shal (Gasque et al., 2005, Young et al., 2002, Draper et al., 2002, Schaefer et al., 2010, Bergquist et al., 2010) Shal (Muraro et al., 2008, Peng and Wu, 2007, Wang et al., 2004, Pym et al., 2006, Diao et al., 2009, Wheeler et al., 2009, Yao and Wu, 2001, Ryglewski and Duch, 2009, Cooper et al., 2010, Diao et al., 2010, Pulver and Griffith, 2010, McCormack, 2003, Ping and Tsunoda, 2011, Tsubouchi et al., 2012, Ping et al., 2011, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Srinivasan et al., 2012) Shl   Sh-l
Name Synonym	Shaker cognate 1 (Brody et al., 2002) Shaker cognate l (Tsubouchi et al., 2012) Shaker cognate L (Ping and Tsunoda, 2011) Shaker-like
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0003385 FBgn0003394
References ( 80 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 80 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 39 ) Supplementary material  ( 7 ) Review  ( 7 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 10 ) Abstract  ( 8 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 1 ) Stock list  ( 1 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Website  ( 2 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 ) Letter  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 3 )
	Srinivasan et al., 2012, J. Neurophysiol. 107(5): 1356--1365 Segmental differences in firing properties and potassium currents in Drosophila larval motoneurons. [FBrf0217570] Ping and Tsunoda, 2011, Nat. Neurosci. 15(1): 90--97 Inactivity-induced increase in nAChRs upregulates Shal K(+) channels to stabilize synaptic potentials. [FBrf0217106] Ping et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(1): e16043 Shal/K(v)4 Channels Are Required for Maintaining Excitability during Repetitive Firing and Normal Locomotion in Drosophila. [FBrf0212839] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...