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Gene Dmel\Psc

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Psc	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	Posterior sex combs	Annotation symbol	CG3886
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0005624
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	23 publicly available
Also Known As	l(2)49Ea
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2R	Recombination map	2-67
Cytogenetic map	49E6-49E6	Sequence location	2R:8,853,827..8,868,499 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene Posterior sex combs is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\Psc (CG3886, FBgn0005624). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: core promoter binding; DNA binding. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: axon guidance; syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle; chromatin silencing; chromatin remodeling. 50 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: embryonic head; embryonic abdomen; macrochaeta; embryonic epidermis; metathoracic leg; mesothoracic leg; alula; embryonic thorax; denticle belt; pigment cell. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: Zinc finger, C3HC4 RING-type; Zinc finger, RING-type; Zinc finger, RING-type, conserved site; Zinc finger, RING/FYVE/PHD-type. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-12 hour embryonic stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1631095_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of Psc. Gene sequence location is 2R:8853827..8868499.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	Psc: Posterior sex combs Psc+ is another gene that may be considered a negative regulator of the BXC or the ANTC. The mutant is homo- and hemizygous lethal, the embryos showing partial transformation of head and thorax into abdomen and of abdominal segments 1-7 into more posterior ones. Psc/Psc embryos that are also homozygous for Asx, Pcl, or Scm show stronger posteriorly-directed transformations; the triple mutant Psc Asx Pcl has a tandem array of posterior abdominal segments including four abdominal denticle bands in the head region (Jurgens, 1985). Psc/+ males may have sex combs on second and third legs. The gene suppresses z1 eye color, which becomes orange-maroon; it is lethal with Su(z)21 and Su(z)25 and semiviable with Su(z)24 (Wu et al., 1989). Psc and Su(z)2 are both members of the Su(z)2 complex.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 49E6-49E6   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(2)0142401424 and P{lacW}Psck07834&P{lacW}Su(z)2k06344
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 49E6-49E7   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Spradling et al., 1999) 49E-49E   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (van Lohuizen et al., 1991) 49E-49E   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Brunk et al., 1991)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	2-67 (Jurgens, 1985, Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987, ) 2-67.5 (Wu and Howe, 1995)
Left of (cM)	L (Wu and Howe, 1995)
Right of (cM)	Bl (Wu and Howe, 1995)
Notes	Mapping based on 234 recombinants of Psc1. Homeotic and eye color effects cosegregate among 110 recombinants in the Bl-L interval. (Wu and Howe, 1995)
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Psc for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.49
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) Psc-RA FBtr0087798  NM_079001   6007   1601
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	6.6 (northern blot) (van Lohuizen et al., 1991) 6.0 (longest cDNA) (Brunk et al., 1991)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein Psc-PA   FBpp0086911   169.8   1601   10.41     NP_523725   AAF58434
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	1603 (aa) (Brunk et al., 1991)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Zinc finger, RING-type (IPR001841) Zinc finger, RING-type, conserved site (IPR017907) Zinc finger, C3HC4 RING-type (IPR018957) Zinc finger, RING/FYVE/PHD-type (IPR013083)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE013599 AAF58434   AQ034007   BI592356   BI605012   BI620695   BI624492   BI625482   BI626764   BI634841   BP546636   BT100307   CK132282   CK135312   CL706569   CO188788   CO275076   CO280505   CO332336   CO337626   CZ480411   CZ481766   CZ486476   CZ486477   CZ486866   CZ486867   DQ022536 AAZ20640   DQ022537 AAZ20641   DQ022538 AAZ20642   DQ022539 AAZ20643   DQ022540 AAZ20644   DQ022541 AAZ20645   DQ022542 AAZ20646   DQ022543 AAZ20647   DQ022544   DQ022545 AAZ20648   DQ022546 AAZ20649   EC061848   EC079443   EC088811   EC224185   EC229755   EC263792   EC264314   EL874506   EL874578   X59275 CAA41965
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P35820
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q461Q5
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage -- adult stage     (Martin and Adler, 1993) radioisotope in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference third instar larval stage   imaginal disc   (Martin and Adler, 1993) embryonic/larval central nervous system   (Martin and Adler, 1993) pupal stage P6   adult brain   (Martin and Adler, 1993) Comment:reference states 24 hr APF oogenesis & adult stage | female   ovary   (Martin and Adler, 1993)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   pole cell   (Martin and Adler, 1993) central nervous system   (Martin and Adler, 1993)   (Martin and Adler, 1993) first instar larval stage   embryonic/larval brain   (Martin and Adler, 1993) ventral nerve cord   (Martin and Adler, 1993) third instar larval stage   imaginal disc   (Martin and Adler, 1993) embryonic/larval salivary gland   (Martin and Adler, 1993)
Additional Descriptive Data
	The Psc protein localizes to the nucleus. (Martin and Adler, 1993)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
nucleus inferred from direct assay (Mulholland et al., 2003, Martin and Adler, 1993) polytene chromosome band inferred from direct assay (Brown and Kassis, 2010) PRC1 complex inferred from direct assay (Mulholland et al., 2003)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    189.8 Larval Midgut    16.9 Larval Hindgut    23.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    29.6 Larval Fat Body    14.7 Larval Salivary Gland    57.5 Larval Trachea    49.9 Larval Carcass    34.35 Adult Head    19 Adult Eye    30.225 Adult Brain    42.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    29.5 Adult Crop    20.4 Adult Midgut    18.4 Adult Hindgut    13.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.5 Adult Fat Body    9.7 Adult Salivary Gland    31.2 Adult Heart    12.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    11 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    13.8 Adult Ovary    96.8 Adult Testis    10.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    32.8 Adult Carcass    25 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    189.8 Larval Midgut    16.9 Larval Hindgut    23.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    29.6 Larval Fat Body    14.7 Larval Salivary Gland    57.5 Larval Trachea    49.9 Larval Carcass    34.35 Adult Head    19 Adult Eye    30.225 Adult Brain    42.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    29.5 Adult Crop    20.4 Adult Midgut    18.4 Adult Hindgut    13.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.5 Adult Fat Body    9.7 Adult Salivary Gland    31.2 Adult Heart    12.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    11 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    13.8 Adult Ovary    96.8 Adult Testis    10.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    32.8 Adult Carcass    25 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    189.8 Larval Midgut    16.9 Larval Hindgut    23.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    29.6 Larval Fat Body    14.7 Larval Salivary Gland    57.5 Larval Trachea    49.9 Larval Carcass    34.35 Adult Head    19 Adult Eye    30.225 Adult Brain    42.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    29.5 Adult Crop    20.4 Adult Midgut    18.4 Adult Hindgut    13.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.5 Adult Fat Body    9.7 Adult Salivary Gland    31.2 Adult Heart    12.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    11 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    13.8 Adult Ovary    96.8 Adult Testis    10.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    32.8 Adult Carcass    25 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    189.8 Larval Midgut    16.9 Larval Hindgut    23.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    29.6 Larval Fat Body    14.7 Larval Salivary Gland    57.5 Larval Trachea    49.9 Larval Carcass    34.35 Adult Head    19 Adult Eye    30.225 Adult Brain    42.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    29.5 Adult Crop    20.4 Adult Midgut    18.4 Adult Hindgut    13.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.5 Adult Fat Body    9.7 Adult Salivary Gland    31.2 Adult Heart    12.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    11 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    13.8 Adult Ovary    96.8 Adult Testis    10.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    32.8 Adult Carcass    25 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    189.8 Larval Midgut    16.9 Larval Hindgut    23.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    29.6 Larval Fat Body    14.7 Larval Salivary Gland    57.5 Larval Trachea    49.9 Larval Carcass    34.35 Adult Head    19 Adult Eye    30.225 Adult Brain    42.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    29.5 Adult Crop    20.4 Adult Midgut    18.4 Adult Hindgut    13.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.5 Adult Fat Body    9.7 Adult Salivary Gland    31.2 Adult Heart    12.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    11 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    13.8 Adult Ovary    96.8 Adult Testis    10.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    32.8 Adult Carcass    25 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    189.8 Larval Midgut    16.9 Larval Hindgut    23.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    29.6 Larval Fat Body    14.7 Larval Salivary Gland    57.5 Larval Trachea    49.9 Larval Carcass    34.35 Adult Head    19 Adult Eye    30.225 Adult Brain    42.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    29.5 Adult Crop    20.4 Adult Midgut    18.4 Adult Hindgut    13.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.5 Adult Fat Body    9.7 Adult Salivary Gland    31.2 Adult Heart    12.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    11 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    13.8 Adult Ovary    96.8 Adult Testis    10.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    32.8 Adult Carcass    25 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    189.8 Larval Midgut    16.9 Larval Hindgut    23.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    29.6 Larval Fat Body    14.7 Larval Salivary Gland    57.5 Larval Trachea    49.9 Larval Carcass    34.35 Adult Head    19 Adult Eye    30.225 Adult Brain    42.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    29.5 Adult Crop    20.4 Adult Midgut    18.4 Adult Hindgut    13.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.5 Adult Fat Body    9.7 Adult Salivary Gland    31.2 Adult Heart    12.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    11 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    13.8 Adult Ovary    96.8 Adult Testis    10.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    32.8 Adult Carcass    25 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    189.8 Larval Midgut    16.9 Larval Hindgut    23.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    29.6 Larval Fat Body    14.7 Larval Salivary Gland    57.5 Larval Trachea    49.9 Larval Carcass    34.35 Adult Head    19 Adult Eye    30.225 Adult Brain    42.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    29.5 Adult Crop    20.4 Adult Midgut    18.4 Adult Hindgut    13.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.5 Adult Fat Body    9.7 Adult Salivary Gland    31.2 Adult Heart    12.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    11 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    13.8 Adult Ovary    96.8 Adult Testis    10.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    32.8 Adult Carcass    25 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    no informative data   NA  Eye    30.225   NA  Brain    42.5   189.8  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    29.5   NA  Crop    no informative data   no informative data  Midgut    no informative data   23.7  Hindgut    no informative data   29.6  Malpighian Tubules    6.5   no informative data  Fat Body    9.7   57.5  Salivary Gland    no informative data   NA  Heart    no informative data   49.9  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    no informative data   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    no informative data   NA  Ovary    96.8   NA  Testis    no informative data   NA  Male Accessory Gland    32.8   34.35  Carcass    no informative data FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    13 central nervous system, larvae L3    24 central nervous system, pupae P8    6 head, virgin 1-day female    2 head, virgin 4-day female    1 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    2 head, mated 4-day female    1 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    2 head, mated 4-day male    2 head, mated 20-day male    2 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    15 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    7 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    10 carcass, 1-day adult    1 carcass, 4-day adult    2 carcass, 20-day adult    1 ovary, virgin 4-day female    15 ovary, mated 4-day female    15 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    13 central nervous system, larvae L3    24 central nervous system, pupae P8    6 head, virgin 1-day female    2 head, virgin 4-day female    1 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    2 head, mated 4-day female    1 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    2 head, mated 4-day male    2 head, mated 20-day male    2 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    15 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    7 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    10 carcass, 1-day adult    1 carcass, 4-day adult    2 carcass, 20-day adult    1 ovary, virgin 4-day female    15 ovary, mated 4-day female    15 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    13 central nervous system, larvae L3    24 central nervous system, pupae P8    6 head, virgin 1-day female    2 head, virgin 4-day female    1 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    2 head, mated 4-day female    1 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    2 head, mated 4-day male    2 head, mated 20-day male    2 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    15 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    7 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    10 carcass, 1-day adult    1 carcass, 4-day adult    2 carcass, 20-day adult    1 ovary, virgin 4-day female    15 ovary, mated 4-day female    15 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    13 central nervous system, larvae L3    24 central nervous system, pupae P8    6 head, virgin 1-day female    2 head, virgin 4-day female    1 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    2 head, mated 4-day female    1 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    2 head, mated 4-day male    2 head, mated 20-day male    2 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    15 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    7 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    10 carcass, 1-day adult    1 carcass, 4-day adult    2 carcass, 20-day adult    1 ovary, virgin 4-day female    15 ovary, mated 4-day female    15 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    13 central nervous system, larvae L3    24 central nervous system, pupae P8    6 head, virgin 1-day female    2 head, virgin 4-day female    1 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    2 head, mated 4-day female    1 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    2 head, mated 4-day male    2 head, mated 20-day male    2 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    15 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    7 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    10 carcass, 1-day adult    1 carcass, 4-day adult    2 carcass, 20-day adult    1 ovary, virgin 4-day female    15 ovary, mated 4-day female    15 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    13 central nervous system, larvae L3    24 central nervous system, pupae P8    6 head, virgin 1-day female    2 head, virgin 4-day female    1 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    2 head, mated 4-day female    1 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    2 head, mated 4-day male    2 head, mated 20-day male    2 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    15 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    7 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    10 carcass, 1-day adult    1 carcass, 4-day adult    2 carcass, 20-day adult    1 ovary, virgin 4-day female    15 ovary, mated 4-day female    15 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    13 central nervous system, larvae L3    24 central nervous system, pupae P8    6 head, virgin 1-day female    2 head, virgin 4-day female    1 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    2 head, mated 4-day female    1 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    2 head, mated 4-day male    2 head, mated 20-day male    2 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    15 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    7 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    10 carcass, 1-day adult    1 carcass, 4-day adult    2 carcass, 20-day adult    1 ovary, virgin 4-day female    15 ovary, mated 4-day female    15 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    13 central nervous system, larvae L3    24 central nervous system, pupae P8    6 head, virgin 1-day female    2 head, virgin 4-day female    1 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    2 head, mated 4-day female    1 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    2 head, mated 4-day male    2 head, mated 20-day male    2 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    15 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    2 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    4 fat body, pupae P8    7 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    10 carcass, 1-day adult    1 carcass, 4-day adult    2 carcass, 20-day adult    1 ovary, virgin 4-day female    15 ovary, mated 4-day female    15 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-12 hour embryonic stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    17 embryo 02-04hr    21 embryo 04-06hr    22 embryo 06-08hr    27 embryo 08-10hr    15 embryo 10-12hr    12 embryo 12-14hr    14 embryo 14-16hr    12 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    5 embryo 20-22hr    8 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    3 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    7 white prepupae new    8 white prepupae 12hr    9 white prepupae 24hr    12 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    1 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    5 adult female 05day    9 adult female 30day    10 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    17 embryo 02-04hr    21 embryo 04-06hr    22 embryo 06-08hr  (27) embryo 08-10hr    15 embryo 10-12hr    12 embryo 12-14hr    14 embryo 14-16hr    12 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    5 embryo 20-22hr    8 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    3 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    7 white prepupae new    8 white prepupae 12hr    9 white prepupae 24hr    12 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    1 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    5 adult female 05day    9 adult female 30day    10 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    17 embryo 02-04hr    21 embryo 04-06hr    22 embryo 06-08hr    27 embryo 08-10hr    15 embryo 10-12hr    12 embryo 12-14hr    14 embryo 14-16hr    12 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    5 embryo 20-22hr    8 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    3 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    7 white prepupae new    8 white prepupae 12hr    9 white prepupae 24hr    12 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    1 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    5 adult female 05day    9 adult female 30day    10 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    17 embryo 02-04hr    21 embryo 04-06hr    22 embryo 06-08hr    27 embryo 08-10hr    15 embryo 10-12hr    12 embryo 12-14hr    14 embryo 14-16hr    12 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    5 embryo 20-22hr    8 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    3 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    7 white prepupae new    8 white prepupae 12hr    9 white prepupae 24hr    12 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    1 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    5 adult female 05day    9 adult female 30day    10 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    17 embryo 02-04hr    21 embryo 04-06hr    22 embryo 06-08hr    27 embryo 08-10hr    15 embryo 10-12hr    12 embryo 12-14hr    14 embryo 14-16hr    12 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    5 embryo 20-22hr    8 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    3 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    7 white prepupae new    8 white prepupae 12hr    9 white prepupae 24hr    12 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    1 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    5 adult female 05day    9 adult female 30day    10 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    17 embryo 02-04hr    21 embryo 04-06hr    22 embryo 06-08hr  27 embryo 08-10hr    15 embryo 10-12hr    12 embryo 12-14hr    14 embryo 14-16hr    12 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    5 embryo 20-22hr    8 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    3 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    7 white prepupae new    8 white prepupae 12hr    9 white prepupae 24hr    12 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    1 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    5 adult female 05day    9 adult female 30day    10 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    17 embryo 02-04hr    21 embryo 04-06hr    22 embryo 06-08hr    27 embryo 08-10hr    15 embryo 10-12hr    12 embryo 12-14hr    14 embryo 14-16hr    12 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    5 embryo 20-22hr    8 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    3 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    7 white prepupae new    8 white prepupae 12hr    9 white prepupae 24hr    12 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    1 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    5 adult female 05day    9 adult female 30day    10 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    17 embryo 02-04hr    21 embryo 04-06hr    22 embryo 06-08hr    27 embryo 08-10hr    15 embryo 10-12hr    12 embryo 12-14hr    14 embryo 14-16hr    12 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    5 embryo 20-22hr    8 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    3 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    7 white prepupae new    8 white prepupae 12hr    9 white prepupae 24hr    12 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    1 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    5 adult female 05day    9 adult female 30day    10 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    7 Schneider line 2 Sg4    10 embryonic 1182-4H    9 embryonic GM2    47 embryonic Kc167    3 embryonic S1    9 embryonic S3    4 leg disc CME L1    8 wing disc CME-W2    7 wing disc ML-DmD8    12 wing disc ML-DmD9    11 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    9 wing disc ML-DmD21    2 wing disc ML-DmD32    5 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    16 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    14 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    2 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    6 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    7 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    11 tumorous blood cells mbn2    8 ovary fGS/OSS    12 ovary OSC    12 ovary OSS    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    7 Schneider line 2 Sg4    10 embryonic 1182-4H    9 embryonic GM2  (47) embryonic Kc167    3 embryonic S1    9 embryonic S3    4 leg disc CME L1    8 wing disc CME-W2    7 wing disc ML-DmD8    12 wing disc ML-DmD9    11 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    9 wing disc ML-DmD21    2 wing disc ML-DmD32    5 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    16 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    14 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    2 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    6 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    7 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    11 tumorous blood cells mbn2    8 ovary fGS/OSS    12 ovary OSC    12 ovary OSS    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    7 Schneider line 2 Sg4    10 embryonic 1182-4H    9 embryonic GM2    47 embryonic Kc167    3 embryonic S1    9 embryonic S3    4 leg disc CME L1    8 wing disc CME-W2    7 wing disc ML-DmD8    12 wing disc ML-DmD9    11 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    9 wing disc ML-DmD21    2 wing disc ML-DmD32    5 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    16 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    14 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    2 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    6 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    7 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    11 tumorous blood cells mbn2    8 ovary fGS/OSS    12 ovary OSC    12 ovary OSS    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    7 Schneider line 2 Sg4    10 embryonic 1182-4H    9 embryonic GM2    47 embryonic Kc167    3 embryonic S1    9 embryonic S3    4 leg disc CME L1    8 wing disc CME-W2    7 wing disc ML-DmD8    12 wing disc ML-DmD9    11 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    9 wing disc ML-DmD21    2 wing disc ML-DmD32    5 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    16 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    14 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    2 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    6 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    7 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    11 tumorous blood cells mbn2    8 ovary fGS/OSS    12 ovary OSC    12 ovary OSS    4 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    7 Schneider line 2 Sg4    10 embryonic 1182-4H    9 embryonic GM2    47 embryonic Kc167    3 embryonic S1    9 embryonic S3    4 leg disc CME L1    8 wing disc CME-W2    7 wing disc ML-DmD8    12 wing disc ML-DmD9    11 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    9 wing disc ML-DmD21    2 wing disc ML-DmD32    5 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    16 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    14 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    2 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    6 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    7 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    11 tumorous blood cells mbn2    8 ovary fGS/OSS    12 ovary OSC    12 ovary OSS    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    7 Schneider line 2 Sg4    10 embryonic 1182-4H    9 embryonic GM2  (47) embryonic Kc167    3 embryonic S1    9 embryonic S3    4 leg disc CME L1    8 wing disc CME-W2    7 wing disc ML-DmD8    12 wing disc ML-DmD9    11 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    9 wing disc ML-DmD21    2 wing disc ML-DmD32    5 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    16 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    14 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    2 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    6 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    7 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    11 tumorous blood cells mbn2    8 ovary fGS/OSS    12 ovary OSC    12 ovary OSS    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    7 Schneider line 2 Sg4    10 embryonic 1182-4H    9 embryonic GM2    47 embryonic Kc167    3 embryonic S1    9 embryonic S3    4 leg disc CME L1    8 wing disc CME-W2    7 wing disc ML-DmD8    12 wing disc ML-DmD9    11 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    9 wing disc ML-DmD21    2 wing disc ML-DmD32    5 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    16 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    14 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    2 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    6 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    7 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    11 tumorous blood cells mbn2    8 ovary fGS/OSS    12 ovary OSC    12 ovary OSS    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    7 Schneider line 2 Sg4    10 embryonic 1182-4H    9 embryonic GM2    47 embryonic Kc167    3 embryonic S1    9 embryonic S3    4 leg disc CME L1    8 wing disc CME-W2    7 wing disc ML-DmD8    12 wing disc ML-DmD9    11 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    9 wing disc ML-DmD21    2 wing disc ML-DmD32    5 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    16 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    14 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    2 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    6 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    7 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    11 tumorous blood cells mbn2    8 ovary fGS/OSS    12 ovary OSC    12 ovary OSS    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    5 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    4 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    5 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    4 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    5 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    4 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    5 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    4 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    5 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    4 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    5 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    4 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    5 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    4 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    5 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    4 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_17 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_05
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0005624 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG3886-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | embryonic stage | recessive Psc1 Psc1445 PscArp.1 Psce23 PscR9 lethal | larval stage | recessive PscArp.1 lethal | recessive Psc49Ea-4 Psc1433 Psce24 Psce25 Psch27 Psch28 Psch30 Psck07804 Psck07834 partially lethal - majority die | recessive Psc49Ea-1 Psc49Ea-4 Psc1433 viable PscCB05083 viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 PscGD4481 Other Phenotypes Allele eye color defective | dominant Psc1 Psc14P4 Psc1433 Psc1445 Psce22 Psce23 Psce24 Pscepb Psch30 mitotic cell cycle defective | embryonic stage Psc1 Psc15 non-enhancer of variegation, with P{hsp26-pt-T}39C-5 Psc1 non-suppressor of variegation, with P{hsp26-pt-T}39C-5 Psc1 suppressor of variegation, with P{hsp26-pt-T}39C-5 Psc1.d19 Psc1.d20 suppressor of variegation, with P{hsp26-pt-T}39C-27 Psc1.d19 Psc1.d20 suppressor of variegation, with P{hsp26-pt-T}39C-31 Psc1.d19 Psc1.d20 suppressor of variegation, with P{hsp26-pt-T}39C-50 Psc1.d19 Psc1.d20 suppressor of variegation, with P{hsp26-pt-T}39C-51 Psc1.d19 Psc1.d20 suppressor of variegation, with P{hsp26-pt-T}39C-58 Psc1.d19 Psc1.d20 suppressor of variegation, with P{hsp26-pt-T}39C-62 Psc1.d19 Psc1.d20 suppressor of variegation, with P{hsp26-pt-T}118E-16 Psc1.d19 Psc1.d20 suppressor of variegation, with P{hsp26-pt-T}118E-26 Psc1.d19 Psc1.d20 suppressor of variegation | dominant, with P{hsp26-pt-T}39C-27 Psc1 suppressor of variegation | dominant, with P{hsp26-pt-T}39C-31 Psc1 suppressor of variegation | dominant, with P{SUPor-P.PRE#6}69 Psc1 suppressor of variegation | dominant, with P{SUPor-P.PRE#6}69M1 Psc1 suppressor of variegation | dominant, with P{SUPor-P.PRE#6}69M2 Psc1 suppressor of variegation | dominant, with P{SUPor-P.PRE#6}69M3 Psc1 suppressor of variegation | dominant, with P{SUPor-P.PRE#6}69M10 Psc1 suppressor of variegation | dominant, with P{wA}4-4 Psc1 visible | dominant Psc1 Psc14P4 Psc49Ea-3 Psc49Ea-4 Psc1433 Psce22 Pscepb Psch28 Psch30 visible | dominant | homeotic Psc1 visible | somatic clone Psc24K4 Psc26E2 Psc27T5 Phenotype manifest in Allele abdomen & macrochaeta Pschs.PS alula Psc1433 Psc14P4 Psce22 Pscepb Psch28 Psch30 anaphase | embryonic stage Psc1 Psc15 costal vein & macrochaeta Pschs.PS denticle belt Psce24 Psch27 dorsal double row & macrochaeta Pschs.PS dorsal triple row & macrochaeta Pschs.PS embryonic abdomen Psc1 embryonic epidermis PscArp1 embryonic head Psc1 embryonic thorax Psc1 head & macrochaeta Pschs.PS leg & macrochaeta Pschs.PS macrochaeta Psc1433 Psc49Ea-3 Psc49Ea-4 mesothoracic leg Psc1 mesothoracic leg & sex comb tooth | ectopic Psc1 metathoracic leg Psc1 metathoracic leg & sex comb tooth | ectopic Psc1 pigment cell Psc1 Psc1.d19 Psc1.d20 Psc1.d21 Psc1433 Psc1445 Psc14P4 Psce22 Psce23 Psce24 Psce25 Pscepb Psch27 Psch30 scutellum & macrochaeta Pschs.PS scutum & macrochaeta Pschs.PS sex comb | supernumerary Psc1 telophase | embryonic stage Psc1 Psc15 ventral double row & macrochaeta Pschs.PS ventral triple row & macrochaeta Pschs.PS wing | posterior compartment Psc1433 Psc14P4 Psce22 Pscepb Psch28 Psch30 wing | somatic clone Psc24K4 Psc26E2 Psc27T5
Classical Alleles ( 41 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of Psc Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion Psc1.d20 loss of function allele gamma ray X ray 2 Yes Psc1 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 2 -- Psce22 gain of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 2 -- Psch27 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 2 -- Psck07834 P-element activity 2 -- PscvgD loss of function allele 2 Yes Psce24 loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 1 -- PscCB-6084-3 1 -- Pscd07470 1 -- Psce04009 piggyBac transposase 1 -- PscEY06547 P-element activity 1 -- Pscf03877 piggyBac transposase 1 -- PscArp.1 amorphic allele - genetic evidence, loss of function allele P-element activity 0 Yes Pscasterisk amorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 -- Psc07703 P-element activity 0 Yes Psc1.d19 loss of function allele X ray 0 -- Psc1.d21 loss of function allele X ray 0 -- Psc1433 gain of function allele, hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Psc1445 loss of function allele, hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Psc14P4 gain of function allele, hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence P-element activity 0 Yes Psc15 0 -- Psc24K4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Psc26E2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Psc27T5 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Psc49Ea-1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Psc49Ea-3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Psc49Ea-4 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 -- PscArp1 0 -- PscCB05083 P-element activity 0 Yes Psce02632 piggyBac transposase 0 -- Psce23 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Psce25 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Pscepb gain of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Pscf04334 piggyBac transposase 0 -- PscGS-A2026 Delta2-3 0 -- Psch28 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Psch30 gain of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Psck07804 P-element activity 0 -- PscR9 0 -- Pscs14 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes Pscunspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 9 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of Psc Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion PscGD4481 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes PscGL00199 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes PscHMS01706 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes PscJF01395 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes Pschs.P in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes Pschs.PS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes Pschs.T:Ecol\lexA in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes PscNIG.3886R in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes PscT:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(2R)Arp1.Fbf1a (Adler et al., 1989, Brunk et al., 1991) Df(2R)CX1 (Spradling et al., 1999, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999) Df(2R)Exel7123 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(2R)P3C (Classen et al., 2009) Df(2R)R7 (Lasko and Pardue, 1988) Df(2R)Su(z)2-1.a6 (Wu and Howe, 1995) Df(2R)Su(z)2-1.b8 (Adler et al., 1989, Brunk et al., 1991, Cheng et al., 1994, Soto et al., 1995, Wu and Howe, 1995) Df(2R)Su(z)25 (Muller et al., 1999, Wu and Howe, 1995) Df(2R)Su(z)3-1.iy (Wu and Howe, 1995) Df(2R)Su(z)3-1.jtg (Wu and Howe, 1995) Df(2R)Su(z)31.y (Brunk et al., 1991) Df(2R)vg33 (Lasko and Pardue, 1988) Df(2R)vg56 (Lasko and Pardue, 1988) Df(2R)vg62 (Lasko and Pardue, 1988, Adler et al., 1989, Brunk et al., 1991, Wu and Howe, 1995) Df(2R)vg79b3 (Lasko and Pardue, 1988) Df(2R)vg79d8 (Lasko and Pardue, 1988) Df(2R)vg81 (Lasko and Pardue, 1988) Df(2R)vg83f15 (Lasko and Pardue, 1988) Df(2R)vg104 (Lasko and Pardue, 1988) Df(2R)vg106 (Lasko and Pardue, 1988) Df(2R)vg107 (Lasko and Pardue, 1988, Pauli et al., 1995) Df(2R)vg120 (Lasko and Pardue, 1988) Df(2R)vg124 (Lasko and Pardue, 1988) Df(2R)vg136 (Lasko and Pardue, 1988, Pauli et al., 1995) Df(2R)vg-B (Spradling et al., 1999, Jurgens, 1985, Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987, Lasko and Pardue, 1988, Adler et al., 1989, Simon et al., 1992, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Cheng et al., 1994, Harbecke and Lengyel, 1995, Wu and Howe, 1995) Df(2R)vg-D (Jurgens, 1985, Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987, Lasko and Pardue, 1988, Adler et al., 1989, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Wu and Howe, 1995) Df(2R)vg-P2 (Lasko and Pardue, 1988) In(2LR)vg79a (Lasko and Pardue, 1988) T(2;3)Psc1.d20 (Brunk et al., 1991, Wu and Howe, 1995) T(2;4)Psc1.d21 (Wu and Howe, 1995)
Not disrupted in	Df(2R)03072 (Spradling et al., 1999, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999) Df(2R)vg133 (Lasko and Pardue, 1988) Df(2R)vg135 (Spradling et al., 1999, Lasko and Pardue, 1988, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999) Df(2R)vg-C (Jurgens, 1985, Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987, Lasko and Pardue, 1988, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Wu and Howe, 1995) In(2R)Arp1 (Adler, 1995.3.28) T(2;3)Su(z)21.a1 (Wu and Howe, 1995)
Duplicated in	Ts(2Lt;3Rt)BTD20+Ts(3Lt;2Rt)BTD14 (Wu and Howe, 1995) Ts(2Lt;3Rt)BTD20+Ts(3Lt;2Rt)BTD71 (Wu and Howe, 1995) Ts(2Lt;3Rt)BTD24+Ts(3Lt;2Rt)BTD14 (Wu and Howe, 1995) Ts(2Lt;3Rt)BTD24+Ts(3Lt;2Rt)BTD71 (Wu and Howe, 1995)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD4481} NA P{NIG.3886R} NA P{TRiP.GL00199} NA P{TRiP.HMS01706} NA P{TRiP.JF01395} NA heat-shock construct P{hsp70-Psc} NA P{hs-Psc.LexA} NA P{hs-Psc} NA reporter construct P{Psc-lacZ.PP2.3} No P{Psc-lacZ.PP6.6} No P{Psc-lacZ.PP12.3} No characterization construct P{Pc-Psc.FLAG} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of enhancer trap P{lacW}l(2)SH1263SH1263 No P{lacW}Psck07804 No P{lacW}Psck07834 No P{PZ}Psc07703 No insertion of mobile activating element P{EPgy2}PscEY06547 NA P{GSV1}PscGS-A2026 NA P{XP}Pscd07470 NA miscellaneous insertions P{}Psc14P4 NA P{PTT-GB}PscCB05083 NA P{RS3}PscCB-6084-3 NA PBac{RB}Psce02632 NA PBac{RB}Psce04009 NA PBac{WH}Pscf03877 NA PBac{WH}Pscf04334 NA insertion of enhancer trap binary system P{M2ET-QF}ET40 No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 11 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 9 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
core promoter binding inferred from direct assay (Enderle et al., 2011) DNA binding inferred from direct assay (Lo et al., 2009)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
axon guidance inferred from mutant phenotype (Berger et al., 2008) chromatin remodeling inferred from direct assay (Francis et al., 2001) chromatin silencing inferred from direct assay (Lo et al., 2009) syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle inferred from mutant phenotype (O'Dor et al., 2006)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
nucleus inferred from direct assay (Mulholland et al., 2003, Martin and Adler, 1993) polytene chromosome band inferred from direct assay (Brown and Kassis, 2010) PRC1 complex inferred from direct assay (Mulholland et al., 2003)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 6 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
DNA binding non-traceable author statement (FlyBase, 1992-) zinc ion binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001841 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
chromatin silencing non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1999.7.15)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
intercalary heterochromatin non-traceable author statement (Zhimulev and Belyaeva, 2003) nucleus non-traceable author statement (FlyBase, 1992-) PRC1 complex traceable author statement (Levine et al., 2004)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Psc pull down, autoradiography (Kyba and Brock, 1998) Psc - Pc two hybrid, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down, autoradiography (Kyba and Brock, 1998) Psc - ph-p two hybrid, pull down, autoradiography (Kyba and Brock, 1998)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions Psc allele Gene References Psc1 ash1 (Gildea et al., 2000) Asx (Boivin et al., 2003) brm (Gildea et al., 2000) ci (Randsholt et al., 2000) ct (Melnikova et al., 1996) E(z) (Bajusz et al., 2001) hh (Randsholt et al., 2000) inv (Randsholt et al., 2000) mxc (Docquier et al., 1996, Saget et al., 1998) trx (Gildea et al., 2000) w (Netter et al., 1998, Muller et al., 1999, Cavalli, 1999, Erhardt et al., 2003, Bloyer et al., 2003) z (Brunk and Adler, 1990, Brunk et al., 1991, Martin and Adler, 1993, Wu and Howe, 1995) Psc1445 Su(z)2 (Wu and Howe, 1995) z (Wu and Howe, 1995) PscArp1 w (Cavalli, 1999, Bloyer et al., 2003) Psce22 E(z) (Bajusz et al., 2001) Psce23 Su(z)2 (Wu and Howe, 1995) Psce24 Su(z)2 (Wu and Howe, 1995) Psce25 Su(z)2 (Wu and Howe, 1995) Psch27 Su(z)2 (Wu and Howe, 1995) Pschs.PS Sce (Sharp et al., 1994) Pscunspecified brm (Campbell et al., 1995) unspecified Abd-B (Muller et al., 1999) ara (Netter et al., 1998) Asx (Campbell et al., 1995) brm (Tamkun et al., 1992) ct (Krupp et al., 2005) esc (Campbell et al., 1995) Fab-7 (Cavalli, 1999) MRG15 (Qi et al., 2006) Pc (Campbell et al., 1995) Pcl (Campbell et al., 1995) ph-p (Fauvarque et al., 1995) ph-PRE (Bloyer et al., 2003) rept (Qi et al., 2006) Sce (Campbell et al., 1995) Scm (Campbell et al., 1995) Scr (Gindhart and Kaufman, 1995) w (Wu and Howe, 1995)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 62201 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0005624 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 36431
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (56) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG66Q7CB Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6PVP72 Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6932CS Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG6573NF Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG6N93XQ
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG66Q7CB)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\Psc     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD25796     Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM20318     Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM20319 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG22533 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE13404 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE12292     Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF11991 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA17752 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL10594 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH21599 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6PVP72)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL011178   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP006403   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ015235   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ019246
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6932CS)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\LOC413984   Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\GB48263   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG006760   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG011952   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH21404   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH10645   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP10261   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP25285   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO22152   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO14258   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL17624   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL20549   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH24067   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH14628   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB22979   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB22573   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV22557   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV22719   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI003133   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI003920   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM328750   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM193850   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\GLEAN_15065   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC004246
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG6573NF)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\calm   Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\JGI_V11_302409   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW022410   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW013208
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG6N93XQ)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_023424gn   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_019703gn   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\bmi1b   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\ENSDARG00000006010   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\pcgf2   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\bmi1   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\PCGF2   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Pcgf2   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Bmi1   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Pcgf2   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Bmi1   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\PCGF2   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\BMI1
Human Orthologs (2)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\PCGF2     Hsap\BMI1
AAA Orthologs (10) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM20319 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG22533 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE13404 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF11991 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA17752 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL10594 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK20868 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ21143 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI19568 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH21599
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 23 )
Bloomington	5546 Psce22/CyO 5547 Psch27/CyO 31611 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF01395}attP2
Harvard	- P{XP}Pscd07470 - PBac{RB}Psce04009 - PBac{WH}Pscf03877
Kyoto	108290 Psce22/CyO 108291 Psch27/CyO 123906 w1118; P{RS3}PscCB-6084-3 105911 Df(2R)vg-D, PscvgD Su(z)2vgD/SM5
VDRC	v30586 w1118; P{GD4481}v30586 v30587 w1118; P{GD4481}v30587
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR30D19 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 24 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones	MIP14548
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	LP13683 RH10017 RH51890 RH64058 RH65916 RH67816 RH70524
Other clones	40083 72840 145962 283103 524073 569465 CK01.51B.E3 EK041918 EK116401 EK154224 EK303204 EN14935 FGH108E05 IP14540 IP14640 RH39084
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0005624 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 36431
Antibody Information
	monoclonal, polyclonal (Martin and Adler, 1993) polyclonal (Lagarou et al., 2008, Francis et al., 2009)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of
Additional comments	A member of the Su(z)2 complex. (Wu et al., 1989)
Other Comments
	Psc on its own is able to inhibit chromatin remodelling in vitro. (Francis et al., 2001) Pc, Scm, Psc, ph-p and ph-d contribute to the PRC1 (Polycomb repressive complex 1). PRC1 directly antagonizes ATP-dependent remodeling of nucleosomal arrays in a purified system and may directly modulate (and be modified by) SWI/SNF (brm/mor) activity. (Shao et al., 1999) ph-p, Psc and Pc proteins coimmunoprecipitate from nuclear extracts. Interacting domains are identified and delimited using the two-hybrid system, the interactions are shown to be direct by using an in vitro binding assay. (Kyba and Brock, 1998) Psc protein coimmunoprecipitates Pc and ph-d/ph-p indicating they are members of a common multimeric protein complex. These proteins are associated with identical regulatory elements of en and differentially distributed on regulatory sequences of inv. (Strutt and Paro, 1997) Asx, Pc, Pcl, Psc, Scm and Sce have similar functions in some imaginal tissues. (Campbell et al., 1995) Most duplications of Pc-group genes neither exhibit anterior transformations nor suppress the extra sex comb phenotype of Pc-group mutations, suggesting that not all Pc-group genes behave as predicted by the mass action model. (Campbell et al., 1995) Sections of the Scr regulatory region may be important for regulation of Scr by Polycomb- and trithorax-group genes. (Gindhart and Kaufman, 1995) Mosaic and expression pattern analysis reveals that the Pc-group genes do not act only in a common complex or pathway: they must have some independent functions. (Soto et al., 1995) The mutant phenotypes of Psc, Su(z)2 and Su(z)3, the similarities of the phenotypes and the mutational interactions between them suggest that the products are functionally similar and act at the level of chromatin, possibly as a multimeric complex. (Wu and Howe, 1995) The alleles of Psc define two overlapping phenotypic classes, the 'hopeful' and the 'hapless' alleles. (Wu and Howe, 1995) The distinction between 'hopeful' and 'hapless' alleles and intragenic complementation seen among some Psc alleles are consistent with a multidomain structure for the Psc product. (Wu and Howe, 1995) Members of the Pc group function as potent repressors in mammalian cells. (Bunker and Kingston, 1994) Psc is one of several Pc-G genes required for the repression of gap genes by maternally supplied hb product. (Pelegri and Lehmann, 1994) Psc is not essential for normal bristle differentiation. (Sharp et al., 1994) Mutations in Psc generate malformations of the longitudinal tracts. (Jacobs, 1993) Psc binds polytene chromosomes at 45 locations where other Pc-group proteins, encoded by the Pc and ph-d/ph-p genes, are present. (Martin and Adler, 1993) Molecular analysis revealed similarity to the murine oncogene bmi-1. (Martin and Adler, 1993) Maternal rescue explains the lack of a segmental transformation mutant phenotype in embryos. (Martin and Adler, 1993) Psc and Su(z)2 gene products are nuclear proteins and are associated with more than 80 sites in the salivary gland polytene chromosomes. There is considerable overlap with the sites that are bound by antibodies to z, Pc and the ph-d/ph-p proteins. (Rastelli et al., 1993) The association of the Psc and Su(z)2 proteins with the chromosomes is dependent on the presence of active E(z) protein. (Rastelli et al., 1993) The bithorax complex genes are regulated by the Pc group of genes, acting via 'Pc group response elements' (PREs), that can work even when removed from the normal the bithorax complex context. The Pc group products apparently provide stable memory or imprinting of boundaries which are specified by gap and pair-rule regulators. (Simon et al., 1993) A member of the Polycomb group of genes. May be considered a negative regulator of the BXC or the ANTC. (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) The mutant is homo- and hemizygous lethal, the embryos showing partial transformation of head and thorax into abdomen and of abdominal segments 1-7 into more posterior ones. Psc1/Psc1 embryos that are also homozygous for Asx1, Pcl1, or Scm1 show stronger posteriorly-directed transformations; Psc1/+ males may have sex combs on second and third legs. Viability reduced in transheterozygotes in some Psc1/Su(z)2 combinations, lethal in others. (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) Embryos mutant for two or more Pc-group genes (Pc, Scm, Pcl, Psc, Asx, E(Pc), E(z), ph-d, pho and esc) show strong ectopic en expression, but only weak derepression occurs if embryo is mutant at only one of the Pc group genes. (Moazed and O'Farrell, 1992) Mutations of genes in the polycomb group (esc, E(z), Pc, ph-p, ph-d, Mutations of genes in the polycomb group (esc, E(z), Pc, ph-p, ph-d, Scm, Pcl, Sce, Asx, Psc, pho and Antp) cause abnormal segmental development due to the ectopic expression of abd-A and Abd-B. (Simon et al., 1992) Aberrant Psc gene expression results in abnormal bristle development. (Brunk et al., 1991) The Pc group genes are negative regulators of homeotic genes and have pleiotropic effects on development. (McKeon and Brock, 1991) Identification: Isolated from a genomic library using a mouse bmi-1 cDNA as a probe. (van Lohuizen et al., 1991) Involved in the suppression of the z1 eye colour and associated with homeotic transformations. (Wu et al., 1989) Dominantly suppresses the yellow eye colour of z1 flies. (Wu et al., 1989) The triple mutant Psc1 Asx1 Pcl1 has a tandem array of posterior abdominal segments including four abdominal denticle bands in the head region. (Jurgens, 1985)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_079001 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_523725 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAF58434 AAZ20640 AAZ20641 AAZ20642 AAZ20643 AAZ20644 AAZ20645 AAZ20646 AAZ20647 AAZ20648 AAZ20649 AQ034007 BI634841 CAA41965 CL706569 CZ480411 CZ481766 CZ486476 CZ486477 CZ486866 CZ486867 DQ022536 DQ022537 DQ022538 DQ022539 DQ022540 DQ022541 DQ022542 DQ022543 DQ022544 DQ022545 DQ022546 X59275 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 36431 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P35820 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • Q461Q5
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Zinc finger, RING-type (IPR001841) Zinc finger, RING-type, conserved site (IPR017907) Zinc finger, C3HC4 RING-type (IPR018957) Zinc finger, RING/FYVE/PHD-type (IPR013083)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 62201 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0005624 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0005624 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0005624 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG3886-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0005624 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 36431 Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /polycomb/postsexc.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 36431 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0005624
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 19 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	49Ea (Lasko and Pardue, 1988) CG3886 (Klebes et al., 2005, Fulton et al., 2001, Berger et al., 2008, Ni et al., 2008, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Ni et al., 2010.12.1) D-Bmi   dPSC (Lavigne et al., 2004) l(2)49Ea (Pauli et al., 1995, Wu et al., 1989, ) l(2)Psc (Cripps and Sparrow, 1989) l(2)vr14   Psc (Breiling et al., 2004, Brown et al., 2005, Holmes et al., 2006, Qi et al., 2006, Schuettengruber et al., 2007, Papp and Muller, 2006, Doheny et al., 2008, Ji et al., 2012, Mishra et al., 2007, Gan et al., 2010, Buszczak et al., 2007, Park et al., 2012, Kavi et al., 2006, Wang and Brock, 2003, King et al., 2002, Huang et al., 2002, Hirose et al., 2001, Bello et al., 2007, Muller and Kassis, 2006, Secombe et al., 2007, Bai et al., 2007, de Ayala Alonso et al., 2007, Ali and Bender, 2004, Enderle et al., 2011, King et al., 2005, Gandille et al., 2010, Grau et al., 2011, Singer and Gall, 2011, Southall and Brand, 2009, Emmons et al., 2009, Strübbe et al., 2011, Matyunina et al., 2008, Zhang et al., 2008, Beisel et al., 2007, Kim et al., 2008, Oktaba et al., 2008, Khan et al., 2009, Fang et al., 2009, Diop et al., 2008, Schwartz et al., 2006, Sing et al., 2009, Berger et al., 2008, Classen et al., 2009, Balasov, 2002, Goodliffe et al., 2007, Li et al., 2010, Brown and Kassis, 2010, Schwartz et al., 2010, Di Stefano et al., 2011, Bell et al., 2010, Sakoparnig et al., 2012, Gutiérrez et al., 2012, Fitzgerald and Bender, 2001, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Grau et al., 2010, Beh et al., 2012) PSC (Henikoff et al., 2009, Zhimulev and Belyaeva, 2003, Czermin et al., 2002, Schwartz and Pirrotta, 2007, Katsuyama et al., 2005, Kahn et al., 2006, Mito et al., 2007, Ringrose and Paro, 2007, Braunschweig et al., 2009, Kharchenko et al., 2011, Lagarou et al., 2008, Fanti et al., 2008, Francis et al., 2009, Ohno et al., 2008, Deal et al., 2010, Mohd-Sarip et al., 2006, Weber et al., 2010, Lo et al., 2012, Mohd-Sarip et al., 2012) psc (Krupp et al., 2005, Jacobs, 1993, Potter et al., 2010) Psc1 (Erhardt et al., 2003) Su(z)2-C (Wu et al., 1989) vr14 (Wu et al., 1989)
Name Synonym	Posterior sex comb (Maeda and Karch, 2006, Balasov, 2002) posterior sex comb (Fanti et al., 2008) Posterior sex combs (Brown et al., 2005, Schuettengruber et al., 2007, O'Dor et al., 2006, Maurange et al., 2006, Doheny et al., 2008, Kavi et al., 2006, Bello et al., 2007, Muller and Kassis, 2006, Ringrose and Paro, 2007, Ali and Bender, 2004, King et al., 2005, Singer and Gall, 2011, Emmons et al., 2009, Lagarou et al., 2008, Kim et al., 2008, Diop et al., 2008, Sing et al., 2009, Classen et al., 2009, Li et al., 2010, Brown and Kassis, 2010, Grau et al., 2010, Mohd-Sarip et al., 2012) Posterior Sex Combs (Mishra et al., 2007, Huang et al., 2002, Braunschweig et al., 2009, Grau et al., 2011, de la Roche and Bienz, 2007, Lo et al., 2009, Zhang et al., 2008, Lo et al., 2012) posterior sex combs (Potter et al., 2010, Deal et al., 2010) posterior-sex-combs (Weber et al., 2010)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0002071 FBgn0003153 FBgn0003644
References ( 302 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 302 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 191 ) Supplementary material  ( 7 ) Review  ( 57 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 10 ) Abstract  ( 26 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) Stock list  ( 2 ) Book  ( 1 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 ) Thesis  ( 2 )
Recent research papers ( 16 )
	Beh et al., 2012, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109(18): E1063--EE1071 A core subunit of Polycomb repressive complex 1 is broadly conserved in function but not primary sequence. [FBrf0218164] Follmer et al., 2012, PLoS Genet. 8(12): e1003135 A polycomb group protein is retained at specific sites on chromatin in mitosis. [FBrf0220402] Gutiérrez et al., 2012, Development 139(1): 117--127 The role of the histone H2A ubiquitinase Sce in Polycomb repression. [FBrf0216868] Ji et al., 2012, G3 (Bethesda) 2(12): 1651--1660 In Vivo Regulation of E2F1 by Polycomb Group Genes in Drosophila. [FBrf0220353] Lo et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(10): e47162 Chromatin Modification by PSC Occurs at One PSC per Nucleosome and Does Not Require the Acidic Patch of Histone H2A. [FBrf0219719] Lo et al., 2012, Mol. Cell 46(6): 784--796 A bridging model for persistence of a polycomb group protein complex through DNA replication in vitro. [FBrf0219798] Mohd-Sarip et al., 2012, Science 336(6082): 744--747 Transcription-independent function of Polycomb group protein PSC in cell cycle control. [FBrf0218404] Park et al., 2012, Mech. Dev. 128(11-12): 536--547 Regulation of Polycomb group genes Psc and Su(z)2 in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0217654] Riddle et al., 2012, PLoS Genet. 8(9): e1002954 Enrichment of HP1a on Drosophila Chromosome 4 Genes Creates an Alternate Chromatin Structure Critical for Regulation in this Heterochromatic Domain. [FBrf0219520] Sakoparnig et al., 2012, J. Comput. Biol. 19(2): 126--138 Binding profiles of chromatin-modifying proteins are predictive for transcriptional activity and promoter-proximal pausing. [FBrf0217402] Di Stefano et al., 2011, Genes Dev. 25(1): 17--28 Functional antagonism between histone H3K4 demethylases in vivo. [FBrf0212709] Enderle et al., 2011, Genome Res. 21(2): 216--226 Polycomb preferentially targets stalled promoters of coding and noncoding transcripts. [FBrf0213048] Grau et al., 2011, Genes Dev. 25(20): 2210--2221 Compaction of chromatin by diverse Polycomb group proteins requires localized regions of high charge. [FBrf0216473] Kharchenko et al., 2011, Nature 471(7339): 480--485 Comprehensive analysis of the chromatin landscape in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0213294] Singer and Gall, 2011, Nucleus 2(5): 403--409 An inducible nuclear body in the Drosophila germinal vesicle. [FBrf0216533] Strübbe et al., 2011, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108(14): 5572--5577 Polycomb purification by in vivo biotinylation tagging reveals cohesin and Trithorax group proteins as interaction partners. [FBrf0213360] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...