FB2025_01 , released February 20, 2025
Gene: Dmel\slbo
Open Close
General Information
Symbol
Dmel\slbo
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
slow border cells
Annotation Symbol
CG4354
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0005638
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
slow border cells (slbo) encodes an essential transcriptional activator. Although null mutants are lethal, female-sterile alleles exhibit a specific defect in border cell migration during ovarian development. In this context, Jak/STAT signaling controls slbo expression, which in turn regulates hundreds of downstream targets including the product of shg. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

C/EBP, DmC/EBP, slobo

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-106
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:24331522..24334307
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (11 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Biological Process (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the bZIP family. C/EBP subfamily. (Q02637)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
slow border cells (slbo) encodes an essential transcriptional activator. Although null mutants are lethal, female-sterile alleles exhibit a specific defect in border cell migration during ovarian development. In this context, Jak/STAT signaling controls slbo expression, which in turn regulates hundreds of downstream targets including the product of shg. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
BASIC LEUCINE ZIPPER TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS -
The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors are sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins that regulate transcription. They are characterized by a 60-80 amino acid bZIP domain: a basic DNA binding domain followed by a leucine zipper dimerization domain. (Adapted from FBrf0152056).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Required for the expression of gene products mediating border cell migration (PubMed:10949024, PubMed:1459454, PubMed:23305818). Among the DNA sequences that this protein binds with high affinity is a conserved site within the promoter of its gene (PubMed:1459454).
(UniProt, Q02637)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

basic leucine zipper - CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homolog - slbo targets breathless and is essential for terminal differentiation and migration of the anterior follicle cells known as border cells

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\slbo for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q02637)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0072272
2786
449
FBtr0339359
2581
449
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

2.6 (northern blot)

Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0072179
49.4
449
7.67
FBpp0308452
49.4
449
7.67
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

449 aa isoforms: slbo-PA, slbo-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Binds DNA as a dimer and can form stable heterodimers (PubMed:1459454). Interacts with trbl (PubMed:23305818).

(UniProt, Q02637)
Post Translational Modification

Ubiquitination/deubiquitination regulates border cell migration. Ubiquitination is stimulated by trbl, which leads to proteasomal degradation and inhibits border cell migration. Deubiquitination by Usp47, leads to its stabilization and promotes border cell migration.

(UniProt, Q02637)
Crossreferences
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\slbo using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.22

Transcript Expression
No Assay Recorded
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference

Comment: reference states 8-16 hr AEL

in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
posterior spiracle primordium

Comment: reported as posterior spiracle specific anlage

northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
RT-PCR
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

slbo is enriched in border follicle cells relative to follicle cells.

Expression of slbo is seen in border follicle cells prior to, during and after their migration and in centripetally migrating follicle cells at stage S10.

Northern blot analysis shows that slbo transcripts are most abundant in embryos but are also found in second instar larvae and in ovaries. Primer extension analysis shows that the transcripts are first detected in 8 hr embryos and peak at 12-16 hr.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
No Assay Recorded
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
western blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
organism

Comment: reference states 12-16 hr AEL

Additional Descriptive Data

Transient slbo expression is observed in the centripetally migrating follicle cells at oogenesis stage S10A and is undetectable by stage 10B. Expression in leading edge follicle cells is not observed with the antisera.

Expression of slbo is first detected in border follicle cells in early stage S9 just prior to their migration and in centripetally migrating follicle cells at stage S10 prior to their migration. No staining is visible after stage S10. Staining of border and centripetal follicle cells was greatly reduced or absent in slbo mutants.

Western blots show a peak of slbo protein expression in 12-18hr embryos. Immunolocalization studies show the earliest detectable expression is in the posterior spiracles of 9-10hr embryos. After 12hrs, a rapidly changing pattern is seen. Expression is seen first in the proventriculus, salivary glands and midgut followed by the foregut, hindgut and the epidermis. Epidermal staining is initially fairly ubiquitous but becomes restricted to the ends of the embryo and a few epidermal cells in the intermediate segments.

Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{GAL4-slbo.2.6}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Reporter: P{PZ}slbo01310
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Reporter: P{ST.lexA::HG}SX-1
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\slbo in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 14 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 62 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of slbo
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of slbo
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 5 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Sterility
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (20)
8 of 14
Yes
Yes
8 of 14
Yes
Yes
8 of 14
Yes
Yes
8 of 14
Yes
Yes
5 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
2  
2 of 14
No
No
1  
2 of 14
No
No
2  
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (14)
6 of 14
Yes
Yes
6 of 14
Yes
Yes
6 of 14
Yes
Yes
5 of 14
No
Yes
5 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (14)
6 of 14
Yes
Yes
6 of 14
Yes
Yes
6 of 14
Yes
Yes
5 of 14
No
Yes
5 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (13)
5 of 13
Yes
Yes
4 of 13
No
Yes
3 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (23)
6 of 14
Yes
Yes
6 of 14
Yes
Yes
5 of 14
No
Yes
4 of 14
No
Yes
4 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (7)
3 of 14
Yes
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (5)
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (5)
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
1 of 13
Yes
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
1 of 12
Yes
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:slbo. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (6)
3 of 13
2 of 13
2 of 13
2 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Show/hide secondary interactors 
    (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
    esyN Network Key:
    Suppression
    Enhancement
    Other Interaction Browsers

    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
    Binds DNA as a dimer and can form stable heterodimers (PubMed:1459454). Interacts with trbl (PubMed:23305818).
    (UniProt, Q02637 )
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    External Data
    Linkouts
    Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
    SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    2R
    Recombination map
    2-106
    Cytogenetic map
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    60C6-60C6
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}Nop60Bk05318 and P{PZ}bs03267&P{lacW}l(2)k10502k10502
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    60C-60C
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    60C-60C
    (determined by in situ hybridisation) 60C5--6 (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    Placed in 60C1--60C2 by deficiency mapping (details unspecified).
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (25)
    Genomic Clones (20)
    cDNA Clones (56)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Cell Line Information
    Publicly Available Cell Lines
     
      Other Stable Cell Lines
       
        Other Comments

        slbo protein binds to the copia ULR (untranslated leader region).

        Site directed mutagenesis, protein binding and germline transformation experiments identify and characterise the activity of a simple mini-enhancer from the fat body enhancer (FBE) region consisting of a single binding site (dsxA) for the dsx protein and two others for other regulatory proteins (slbo and ref1). One copy of this enhancer is sufficient to direct the sex and fat body specificities of Yp1 transcription.

        btl is a key, direct target of the slbo transcription factor in the regulation of border cell migration.

        A transgenic rescue assay is used to determine which molecular functions of slbo protein are required for it to fulfill its essential role during development.

        slbo alleles fully complement bs, l(2)60Ca, l(2)60Cb, l(2)60Cc and l(2)60Cd.

        Cloning, expression and sequence analysis of slbo reveals the protein encoded is homologous to the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) family of transcription factors. Hypomorphic alleles cause the delay of onset of the migration of the border cells (a subset of follicle cells) through the developing egg chamber.

        DNA binding, dimerization, and expression studies reveal that the slbo product bears functional as well as structural similarity to mammalian C/EBP.

        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database merge of
        Additional comments
        Nomenclature History
        Source for database identify of

        Source for identity of: slbo CG4354

        Nomenclature comments
        Etymology
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (18)
        Reported As
        Symbol Synonym
        fs(2)7
        fs(2)8
        fs(2)ry7
        fs(2)ry8
        Secondary FlyBase IDs
        • FBgn0013451
        • FBgn0015734
        • FBgn0016064
        • FBgn0016065
        • FBgn0016066
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        Study result (0)
        Result
        Result Type
        Title
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 44 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
        UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
        UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
        BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
        DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
        EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
        FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
        FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
        FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
        iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
        Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
        SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
        References (218)