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Gene Dmel\DNApol-α73

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\DNApol-α73	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	DNA polymerase α 73kD	Annotation symbol	CG5923
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0005696
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	2 publicly available
Also Known As	Polα, pol α
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3R	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	97E10-97E10	Sequence location	3R:23,064,885..23,066,950 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene DNA polymerase α 73kD is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\DNApol-α73 (CG5923, FBgn0005696). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Based on sequence similarity, it is predicted to have molecular function: DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity. Based on sequence similarity, it is predicted to be involved in the biological process: DNA-dependent DNA replication. 3 alleles are reported. The phenotype of these alleles is annotated with: eye. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: DNA polymerase alpha, subunit B; DNA polymerase alpha/epsilon, subunit B. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult ovary. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1628372_a_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of DNApol-alpha73. Gene sequence location is 3R:23064885..23066950.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 97E10-97E10   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}sda03884 and P{PZ}btzrL203
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\DNApol-α73 for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.49 Gene model reviewed during 5.46
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) DNApol-α73-RC FBtr0114543  NM_170327   2066   609
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	2.5 (northern blot) (Cotterill et al., 1992)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein DNApol-α73-PC   FBpp0113035   67.0   609   5.17     NP_733206   AAF56680
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	653 (aa); 73 (kD observed) (Cotterill et al., 1992)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • DNA polymerase alpha/epsilon, subunit B (IPR007185) DNA polymerase alpha, subunit B (IPR016722)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA696768   AE014297 AAF56680   AI455812   AI515782   AW941312   AY060943 AAL28491   BG635903   BI167591   BI235665   BI243696   CK132747   CO293163   CO340166   EC212544   EC258134   EV575329   EV582332   EV582458   GH941575   GH942665   GH945345   GH945720   GH957787   GH959935   GH961421   GH961739   GH963427   GH972064   GH977924   GH978053   GH982119   S43476   S43478
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	Q9VB62
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References protein binding site FBsf0000160853 3R:23,064,789..23,064,805 bound_moiety=Dref-XP evidence=experimental (Takahashi et al., 1996, Bergman et al., 2005) protein binding site FBsf0000160854 3R:23,064,863..23,064,884 bound_moiety=Dref-XP evidence=experimental (Takahashi et al., 1996, Bergman et al., 2005) protein binding site FBsf0000160855 3R:23,064,812..23,064,833 bound_moiety=Dref-XP evidence=experimental (Takahashi et al., 1996, Bergman et al., 2005) regulatory region FBsf0000435171 3R:23,064,560..23,064,878 evidence=Reporter construct (in vitro) (Takahashi et al., 1996, Halfon, 2012.6.19) regulatory region FBsf0000435676 3R:23,064,854..23,064,995 evidence=Reporter construct (in vitro) (Takahashi et al., 1996, Halfon, 2012.6.19)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference fertilized egg stage   male pronucleus   • chromatin (Loppin et al., 2001) Comment:interphase female pronucleus   • chromatin (Loppin et al., 2001) Comment:interphase
Additional Descriptive Data
	mus209 and DNApol-alpha73 proteins are detected associated with the nuclear chromatin of interphase apposed male and female pro-nuclei in newly fertilized eggs in preparation for the completion of DNA replication prior to the first zygotic division. (Loppin et al., 2001)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult ovary. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    76.25 Larval Midgut    15.9 Larval Hindgut    21.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    16.2 Larval Fat Body    18.3 Larval Salivary Gland    56.1 Larval Trachea    33.425 Larval Carcass    40 Adult Head    11.4 Adult Eye    8.4 Adult Brain    10.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    12.6 Adult Crop    12.3 Adult Midgut    17.9 Adult Hindgut    15.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    14.7 Adult Fat Body    14.1 Adult Salivary Gland    18.3 Adult Heart    6.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    10.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    10 Adult Ovary    252.9 Adult Testis    12.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    15 Adult Carcass    21.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    76.25 Larval Midgut    15.9 Larval Hindgut    21.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    16.2 Larval Fat Body    18.3 Larval Salivary Gland    56.1 Larval Trachea    33.425 Larval Carcass    40 Adult Head    11.4 Adult Eye    8.4 Adult Brain    10.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    12.6 Adult Crop    12.3 Adult Midgut    17.9 Adult Hindgut    15.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    14.7 Adult Fat Body    14.1 Adult Salivary Gland    18.3 Adult Heart    6.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    10.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    10 Adult Ovary    252.9 Adult Testis    12.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    15 Adult Carcass    21.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    76.25 Larval Midgut    15.9 Larval Hindgut    21.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    16.2 Larval Fat Body    18.3 Larval Salivary Gland    56.1 Larval Trachea    33.425 Larval Carcass    40 Adult Head    11.4 Adult Eye    8.4 Adult Brain    10.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    12.6 Adult Crop    12.3 Adult Midgut    17.9 Adult Hindgut    15.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    14.7 Adult Fat Body    14.1 Adult Salivary Gland    18.3 Adult Heart    6.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    10.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    10 Adult Ovary    252.9 Adult Testis    12.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    15 Adult Carcass    21.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    76.25 Larval Midgut    15.9 Larval Hindgut    21.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    16.2 Larval Fat Body    18.3 Larval Salivary Gland    56.1 Larval Trachea    33.425 Larval Carcass    40 Adult Head    11.4 Adult Eye    8.4 Adult Brain    10.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    12.6 Adult Crop    12.3 Adult Midgut    17.9 Adult Hindgut    15.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    14.7 Adult Fat Body    14.1 Adult Salivary Gland    18.3 Adult Heart    6.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    10.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    10 Adult Ovary    252.9 Adult Testis    12.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    15 Adult Carcass    21.5 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    76.25 Larval Midgut    15.9 Larval Hindgut    21.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    16.2 Larval Fat Body    18.3 Larval Salivary Gland    56.1 Larval Trachea    33.425 Larval Carcass    40 Adult Head    11.4 Adult Eye    8.4 Adult Brain    10.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    12.6 Adult Crop    12.3 Adult Midgut    17.9 Adult Hindgut    15.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    14.7 Adult Fat Body    14.1 Adult Salivary Gland    18.3 Adult Heart    6.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    10.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    10 Adult Ovary    252.9 Adult Testis    12.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    15 Adult Carcass    21.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    76.25 Larval Midgut    15.9 Larval Hindgut    21.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    16.2 Larval Fat Body    18.3 Larval Salivary Gland    56.1 Larval Trachea    33.425 Larval Carcass    40 Adult Head    11.4 Adult Eye    8.4 Adult Brain    10.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    12.6 Adult Crop    12.3 Adult Midgut    17.9 Adult Hindgut    15.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    14.7 Adult Fat Body    14.1 Adult Salivary Gland    18.3 Adult Heart    6.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    10.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    10 Adult Ovary    252.9 Adult Testis    12.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    15 Adult Carcass    21.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    76.25 Larval Midgut    15.9 Larval Hindgut    21.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    16.2 Larval Fat Body    18.3 Larval Salivary Gland    56.1 Larval Trachea    33.425 Larval Carcass    40 Adult Head    11.4 Adult Eye    8.4 Adult Brain    10.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    12.6 Adult Crop    12.3 Adult Midgut    17.9 Adult Hindgut    15.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    14.7 Adult Fat Body    14.1 Adult Salivary Gland    18.3 Adult Heart    6.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    10.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    10 Adult Ovary    252.9 Adult Testis    12.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    15 Adult Carcass    21.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    76.25 Larval Midgut    15.9 Larval Hindgut    21.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    16.2 Larval Fat Body    18.3 Larval Salivary Gland    56.1 Larval Trachea    33.425 Larval Carcass    40 Adult Head    11.4 Adult Eye    8.4 Adult Brain    10.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    12.6 Adult Crop    12.3 Adult Midgut    17.9 Adult Hindgut    15.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    14.7 Adult Fat Body    14.1 Adult Salivary Gland    18.3 Adult Heart    6.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    10.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    10 Adult Ovary    252.9 Adult Testis    12.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    15 Adult Carcass    21.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    no informative data   NA  Eye    8.4   NA  Brain    no informative data   76.25  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    no informative data   NA  Crop    no informative data   no informative data  Midgut    no informative data   no informative data  Hindgut    no informative data   no informative data  Malpighian Tubules    no informative data   no informative data  Fat Body    no informative data   56.1  Salivary Gland    no informative data   NA  Heart    6.4   33.425  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    no informative data   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    no informative data   NA  Ovary    252.9   NA  Testis    no informative data   NA  Male Accessory Gland    no informative data   40  Carcass    no informative data FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    7 central nervous system, larvae L3    7 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    1 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    1 head, mated 4-day male    1 head, mated 20-day male    1 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    1 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    53 ovary, mated 4-day female    47 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    7 central nervous system, larvae L3    7 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    1 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    1 head, mated 4-day male    1 head, mated 20-day male    1 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    1 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (53) ovary, mated 4-day female  (47) testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    7 central nervous system, larvae L3    7 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    1 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    1 head, mated 4-day male    1 head, mated 20-day male    1 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    1 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    53 ovary, mated 4-day female    47 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    7 central nervous system, larvae L3    7 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    1 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    1 head, mated 4-day male    1 head, mated 20-day male    1 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    1 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    53 ovary, mated 4-day female    47 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    7 central nervous system, larvae L3    7 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    1 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    1 head, mated 4-day male    1 head, mated 20-day male    1 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    1 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    53 ovary, mated 4-day female    47 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    7 central nervous system, larvae L3    7 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    1 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    1 head, mated 4-day male    1 head, mated 20-day male    1 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    1 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (53) ovary, mated 4-day female  (47) testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    7 central nervous system, larvae L3    7 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    1 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    1 head, mated 4-day male    1 head, mated 20-day male    1 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    1 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    53 ovary, mated 4-day female    47 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    7 central nervous system, larvae L3    7 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    1 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    1 head, mated 4-day male    1 head, mated 20-day male    1 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    1 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    53 ovary, mated 4-day female    47 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    70 embryo 02-04hr    25 embryo 04-06hr    53 embryo 06-08hr    27 embryo 08-10hr    14 embryo 10-12hr    7 embryo 12-14hr    3 embryo 14-16hr    6 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    2 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    8 larva L2    6 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    3 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    4 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    7 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    2 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    18 adult female 05day    32 adult female 30day    35 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (70) embryo 02-04hr    25 embryo 04-06hr  (53) embryo 06-08hr  (27) embryo 08-10hr    14 embryo 10-12hr    7 embryo 12-14hr    3 embryo 14-16hr    6 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    2 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    8 larva L2    6 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    3 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    4 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    7 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    2 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    18 adult female 05day  (32) adult female 30day  (35) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    70 embryo 02-04hr    25 embryo 04-06hr    53 embryo 06-08hr    27 embryo 08-10hr    14 embryo 10-12hr    7 embryo 12-14hr    3 embryo 14-16hr    6 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    2 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    8 larva L2    6 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    3 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    4 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    7 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    2 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    18 adult female 05day    32 adult female 30day    35 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    70 embryo 02-04hr    25 embryo 04-06hr    53 embryo 06-08hr    27 embryo 08-10hr    14 embryo 10-12hr    7 embryo 12-14hr    3 embryo 14-16hr    6 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    2 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    8 larva L2    6 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    3 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    4 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    7 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    2 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    18 adult female 05day    32 adult female 30day    35 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    70 embryo 02-04hr    25 embryo 04-06hr    53 embryo 06-08hr    27 embryo 08-10hr    14 embryo 10-12hr    7 embryo 12-14hr    3 embryo 14-16hr    6 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    2 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    8 larva L2    6 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    3 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    4 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    7 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    2 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    18 adult female 05day    32 adult female 30day    35 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (70) embryo 02-04hr    25 embryo 04-06hr  (53) embryo 06-08hr  27 embryo 08-10hr    14 embryo 10-12hr    7 embryo 12-14hr    3 embryo 14-16hr    6 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    2 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    8 larva L2    6 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    3 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    4 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    7 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    2 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    18 adult female 05day  32 adult female 30day  (35) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    70 embryo 02-04hr    25 embryo 04-06hr    53 embryo 06-08hr    27 embryo 08-10hr    14 embryo 10-12hr    7 embryo 12-14hr    3 embryo 14-16hr    6 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    2 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    8 larva L2    6 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    3 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    4 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    7 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    2 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    18 adult female 05day    32 adult female 30day    35 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    70 embryo 02-04hr    25 embryo 04-06hr    53 embryo 06-08hr    27 embryo 08-10hr    14 embryo 10-12hr    7 embryo 12-14hr    3 embryo 14-16hr    6 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    2 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    8 larva L2    6 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    3 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    4 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    7 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    2 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    18 adult female 05day    32 adult female 30day    35 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    47 Schneider line 2 Sg4    23 embryonic 1182-4H    16 embryonic GM2    14 embryonic Kc167    21 embryonic S1    13 embryonic S3    15 leg disc CME L1    17 wing disc CME-W2    9 wing disc ML-DmD8    15 wing disc ML-DmD9    22 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    25 wing disc ML-DmD21    26 wing disc ML-DmD32    18 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    31 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    15 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    16 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    19 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    10 tumorous blood cells mbn2    11 ovary fGS/OSS    62 ovary OSC    13 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (47) Schneider line 2 Sg4    23 embryonic 1182-4H    16 embryonic GM2    14 embryonic Kc167    21 embryonic S1    13 embryonic S3    15 leg disc CME L1    17 wing disc CME-W2    9 wing disc ML-DmD8    15 wing disc ML-DmD9    22 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    25 wing disc ML-DmD21  26 wing disc ML-DmD32    18 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (31) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    15 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    16 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    19 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    10 tumorous blood cells mbn2    11 ovary fGS/OSS  (62) ovary OSC    13 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    47 Schneider line 2 Sg4    23 embryonic 1182-4H    16 embryonic GM2    14 embryonic Kc167    21 embryonic S1    13 embryonic S3    15 leg disc CME L1    17 wing disc CME-W2    9 wing disc ML-DmD8    15 wing disc ML-DmD9    22 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    25 wing disc ML-DmD21    26 wing disc ML-DmD32    18 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    31 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    15 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    16 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    19 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    10 tumorous blood cells mbn2    11 ovary fGS/OSS    62 ovary OSC    13 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    47 Schneider line 2 Sg4    23 embryonic 1182-4H    16 embryonic GM2    14 embryonic Kc167    21 embryonic S1    13 embryonic S3    15 leg disc CME L1    17 wing disc CME-W2    9 wing disc ML-DmD8    15 wing disc ML-DmD9    22 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    25 wing disc ML-DmD21    26 wing disc ML-DmD32    18 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    31 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    15 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    16 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    19 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    10 tumorous blood cells mbn2    11 ovary fGS/OSS    62 ovary OSC    13 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    47 Schneider line 2 Sg4    23 embryonic 1182-4H    16 embryonic GM2    14 embryonic Kc167    21 embryonic S1    13 embryonic S3    15 leg disc CME L1    17 wing disc CME-W2    9 wing disc ML-DmD8    15 wing disc ML-DmD9    22 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    25 wing disc ML-DmD21    26 wing disc ML-DmD32    18 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    31 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    15 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    16 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    19 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    10 tumorous blood cells mbn2    11 ovary fGS/OSS    62 ovary OSC    13 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (47) Schneider line 2 Sg4    23 embryonic 1182-4H    16 embryonic GM2    14 embryonic Kc167    21 embryonic S1    13 embryonic S3    15 leg disc CME L1    17 wing disc CME-W2    9 wing disc ML-DmD8    15 wing disc ML-DmD9    22 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    25 wing disc ML-DmD21  26 wing disc ML-DmD32    18 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  31 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    15 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    16 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    19 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    10 tumorous blood cells mbn2    11 ovary fGS/OSS  (62) ovary OSC    13 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    47 Schneider line 2 Sg4    23 embryonic 1182-4H    16 embryonic GM2    14 embryonic Kc167    21 embryonic S1    13 embryonic S3    15 leg disc CME L1    17 wing disc CME-W2    9 wing disc ML-DmD8    15 wing disc ML-DmD9    22 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    25 wing disc ML-DmD21    26 wing disc ML-DmD32    18 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    31 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    15 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    16 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    19 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    10 tumorous blood cells mbn2    11 ovary fGS/OSS    62 ovary OSC    13 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    47 Schneider line 2 Sg4    23 embryonic 1182-4H    16 embryonic GM2    14 embryonic Kc167    21 embryonic S1    13 embryonic S3    15 leg disc CME L1    17 wing disc CME-W2    9 wing disc ML-DmD8    15 wing disc ML-DmD9    22 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    25 wing disc ML-DmD21    26 wing disc ML-DmD32    18 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    31 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    15 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    16 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    19 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    10 tumorous blood cells mbn2    11 ovary fGS/OSS    62 ovary OSC    13 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    11 cold shock, 4-day adult    7 heat shock, 4-day adult    15 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    5 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    37 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    44 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    28 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    29 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    11 cold shock, 4-day adult    7 heat shock, 4-day adult    15 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    5 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (37) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (44) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (28) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (29) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    11 cold shock, 4-day adult    7 heat shock, 4-day adult    15 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    5 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    37 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    44 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    28 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    29 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    11 cold shock, 4-day adult    7 heat shock, 4-day adult    15 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    5 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    37 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    44 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    28 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    29 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    11 cold shock, 4-day adult    7 heat shock, 4-day adult    15 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    5 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    37 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    44 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    28 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    29 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    11 cold shock, 4-day adult    7 heat shock, 4-day adult    15 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    5 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (37) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (44) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  28 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  29 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    11 cold shock, 4-day adult    7 heat shock, 4-day adult    15 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    5 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    37 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    44 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    28 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    29 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    11 cold shock, 4-day adult    7 heat shock, 4-day adult    15 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    5 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    37 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    44 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    28 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    29 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_13 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_06
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0005696 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG5923-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Other Phenotypes Allele visible, with Scer\GAL4ey.PU DNApol-α73NIG.5923R Phenotype manifest in Allele eye, with Scer\GAL4ey.PU DNApol-α73NIG.5923R
Classical Alleles ( 0 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of DNApol-α73 Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 3 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of DNApol-α73 Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion DNApol-α73GD4243 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes DNApol-α73KK101423 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes DNApol-α73NIG.5923R in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3R)Exel6207 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(3R)Exel6208 (Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 5 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 terms )
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 5 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
DNA binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR007185 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Cotterill et al., 1992) inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q14181 (FlyBase, 1992-)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
DNA-dependent DNA replication inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Cotterill et al., 1992) DNA replication inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR007185 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
alpha DNA polymerase:primase complex inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Cotterill et al., 1992) inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q14181 (FlyBase, 1992-)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions DNApol-α73 allele Gene References
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 68166 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0005696 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 43278
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (41) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6M92B4 Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6X0N1N Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6F1VZ9 Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG62BVQS Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG6F81C5
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6M92B4)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\DNApol-α73     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD15188 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM10379 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG11537 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE23725 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF16278 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA19232 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL24481 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK22573 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ10668 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI10451 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH16851 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6X0N1N)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL001823   Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL007692   Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL009905   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP004392   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ001712   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ001713
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6F1VZ9)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\GB44543   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG011724   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH18130   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP15955   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO20325   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL19233   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH23065   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB24865   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV10997   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI008858   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA005158   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM003740   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC005585
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG62BVQS)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\dkeima570   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW002323
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG6F81C5)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\div-1   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_011199gn   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_021406gn   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\pola2   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\pola2   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Pola2   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Pola2   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\POLA2
Human Orthologs (1)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\POLA2
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD15188 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM10379 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG11537 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE23725 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF16278 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA19232 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL24481 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK22573 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ10668 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI10451 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH16851
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 2 )
VDRC	v108579 P{KK101423}VIE-260B v11232 w1118; P{GD4243}v11232/CyO
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR02B05 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 27 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	GM08365
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	LD35513 LD41453 RE31570 RE41412 SD13421
Other clones	73162 214447.22 Dmel_dig_002238_0656_3439 Dmel_dig_007551_0626_3083 Dmel_dig_009641_0652_2751 EK201949 EP10133 RE08009 RP004050148 RP004225071 RP004227750 RP004231364 RP004259436 RP004264866 RP004265381 RP004266372 RP004403393 RP004514663 RP004532365 RP004535660 RP004551439
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0005696 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 43278
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Cotterill et al., 1992)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Other Comments
	Analysis of DNApol-α73-Ecol\CAT deletion constructs shows that full promoter activity is located within the region from -285 to +129bp of DNApol-α73. Three DREs (DNA-replication related elements) are located within this region, and DNA footprinting analysis shows that Dref can bind to all three sites. Mutation of any one of the DRE sites causes extensive reductions in promoter activity and Dref binding to the promoter fragment. (Takahashi et al., 1996) A monoclonal antibody to the 72kD protein stains interphase nuclei, but not metaphase chromosomes. The protein is present in the embryo as a maternal product. (Kuroda and Ueda, 1995) Subunits of DNA polymerase α and δ are purified from embryos and characterised. (Mitsis et al., 1995) Expression pattern and subcellular distribution of the protein during development is studied using antibodies. (Yamaguchi et al., 1995) The properties of the DNA polymerase α enzyme have been studied. (Cai et al., 1993) The gene for the 73kD subunit of the DNA polymerase α primase has been cloned and nucleotide sequence motifs constituting control regions have been analysed. (Cotterill et al., 1992) 25bp DNA oligomer containing m4T is used in a gel extension assay to measure the efficiency of incorporation of dATP and dGTP opposite m4T using a DNA polymerase α-primase complex. The DNA polymerase α shows a clear preference for pairing with dGTP. (Dosanjh et al., 1990)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_170327 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_733206 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA696768 AAF56680 AAL28491 AI515782 AW941312 AY060943 BI167591 S43476 S43478 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 43278 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • Q9VB62
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • DNA polymerase alpha/epsilon, subunit B (IPR007185) DNA polymerase alpha, subunit B (IPR016722)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 68166 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0005696 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0005696 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0005696 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG5923-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0005696 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 43278 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 43278 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0005696 REDfly - A database of transcriptional regulatory elements. • FBgn0005696
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 22 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG5923 (Dimova et al., 2003, Schlenke, 2001.3.12, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Suyari et al., 2012) Dmpol α (Takeuchi et al., 2004) DNA pol-73 (Foglietti et al., 2006) DNApol-alpha73 (Giot et al., 2003) DNA polymerase α 73 kD (Érdi et al., 2012) DNA polα (Frolov et al., 2003) DNApolα (Cai et al., 1993) DNApol-α (Shen et al., 1992) DNApol-α72 (Kuroda and Ueda, 1995) DNApol-α73 (Cayirlioglu et al., 2003) Pol (Machida et al., 2005) POLA (Matsukage et al., 1995) pol α (Mizushina et al., 2003, Singer and Dosanjh, 1990) Polα (Fuss et al., 2001, Lehman, 1998) polα (Royzman and Orr-Weaver, 1998) Polα 73kDa (Suyari et al., 2012)
Name Synonym	B subunit (Kuroda and Ueda, 1999) DNA polymerase 73K (Hochheimer et al., 2002) DNA polymerase alpha primase 73 kda subunit (Cotterill, 1992.11.13, Cotterill, 1992.11.13) DNA-polymerase α (Leclerc et al., 1996) DNA polymerase α (Kamakaka et al., 1994, Marton et al., 1994, Mitsis et al., 1993, Matsukage et al., 1995) DNA polymerase α 73kD
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 50 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 50 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 31 ) Supplementary material  ( 3 ) Review  ( 3 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 7 ) Abstract  ( 1 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 1 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 2 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 )
Recent research papers ( 2 )
	Suyari et al., 2012, Gene 495(2): 104--114 Differential requirement for the N-terminal catalytic domain of the DNA polymerase ε p255 subunit in the mitotic cell cycle and the endocycle. [FBrf0217428] Érdi et al., 2012, Autophagy 8(7): 1124--1135 Loss of the starvation-induced gene Rack1 leads to glycogen deficiency and impaired autophagic responses in Drosophila. [FBrf0219844] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...