FB2020_06, released Dec 22, 2020

Gene: Dmel\dpn

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\dpn
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
deadpan
Annotation Symbol
CG8704
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0010109
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
13 publicly available
Gene Snapshot
Contributions welcome
Other Summaries
Also Known As

44C

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
44C2-44C2
Sequence location
2R:8,228,971..8,232,330 [-]
Recombination map

2-58

RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:8228971..8232330
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (24 terms)
Molecular Function (9 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Janssens et al., 2017)
enables DNA binding
inferred from direct assay
(Southall and Brand, 2009)
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Li et al., 2017)
enables DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
inferred from direct assay
(Hoshijima et al., 1995)
enables sequence-specific DNA binding
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Janssens et al., 2017)
enables sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Li et al., 2017)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004213585
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
enables protein dimerization activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR011598
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004213585
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Biological Process (14 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (11 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in adult locomotory behavior
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Younger-Shepherd et al., 1992)
involved_in dosage compensation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Younger-Shepherd et al., 1992)
involved_in larval locomotory behavior
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Younger-Shepherd et al., 1992)
involved_in negative regulation of gene expression
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Li et al., 2017)
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Li et al., 2017)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Mavromatakis and Tomlinson, 2016)
inferred from direct assay
(Hoshijima et al., 1995)
involved_in neuroblast development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Zhu et al., 2012)
involved_in positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wallace et al., 2000)
involved_in positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Zacharioudaki et al., 2012, Zhu et al., 2012, San-Juán and Baonza, 2011)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wu et al., 2017, Berger et al., 2012)
inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:P29617
(assigned by UniProt )
(Zhu et al., 2012)
involved_in R7 cell fate commitment
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Mavromatakis and Tomlinson, 2016)
involved_in regulation of neuroblast proliferation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Janssens et al., 2017, Li et al., 2017)
inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:P51023
(assigned by UniProt )
(Li et al., 2017)
inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:M9PF84
(assigned by UniProt )
(Janssens et al., 2017)
inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:Q94517
(assigned by UniProt )
(Janssens et al., 2017)
inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:Q8MQJ9
(assigned by UniProt )
(Janssens et al., 2014)
inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:Q9VQ56
(assigned by UniProt )
(Janssens et al., 2014)
involved_in sex determination, establishment of X:A ratio
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Younger-Shepherd et al., 1992)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Sxl; FB:FBgn0264270
(Younger-Shepherd et al., 1992)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in anterior/posterior pattern specification
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000105428
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
involved_in regulation of neurogenesis
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000105428
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004213585
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Bier et al., 1992)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Li et al., 2017)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004213585
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS -
Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors are sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins that regulate transcription. They are characterized by a 60 amino acid region comprising a basic DNA binding domain followed by a HLH motif formed from two amphipathic α-helices connected by a loop. bHLH transcription factors form homo- and hetero-dimeric complexes, which bind to a E box consensus sequence. (Adapted from PMID:15186484).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Transcriptional repressor of genes that require a bHLH protein for their transcription (PubMed:1427077, PubMed:28899667, PubMed:24618901). In the larval brain, required to maintain the self-renewal and identity of type II neuroblasts by regulating the expression of the transcriptional repressor erm together with other self-renewal transcriptional repressors such as klu and E(spl)mgamma-HLH (PubMed:28899667, PubMed:23056424, PubMed:21262215, PubMed:24618901, PubMed:22357926). As part of its role in neuroblasts development, has been shown to be a direct target of the Notch signaling pathway, however might work also independently of N/Notch (PubMed:21262215, PubMed:22357926, PubMed:23056424). In the developing larval and pupal brain, required for mushroom body differentiation (PubMed:22357926). Involved in sex determination and SXL transcription repression when in complex with the corepressor protein Groucho (PubMed:8001118, PubMed:7651341).
(UniProt, Q26263)
Summary (Interactive Fly)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\dpn for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
dpn-RA
FBtr0088803
NM_057575
2036
435
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

2.3 (northern blot)

(Bier et al., 1992)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
dpn-PA
FBpp0087879
46.6
435
7.55
NP_476923
AAF59113
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

435 (aa)

(Bier et al., 1992)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Homodimer (PubMed:22357926, PubMed:7651341). Heterodimer with E(spl)mgamma-HLH and E(spl) (PubMed:22357926). Transcription repression requires formation of a complex with the corepressor protein Groucho (PubMed:8001118). Interacts (via bHLH motif) with sisA (PubMed:7651341). Interacts with da (PubMed:7651341).

(UniProt, Q26263)
Domain

Has a particular type of basic domain (presence of a helix-interrupting proline) that binds to the N-box (CACNAG), rather than the canonical E-box (CANNTG).

The C-terminal WRPW motif is a transcriptional repression domain necessary for the interaction with Groucho, a transcriptional corepressor recruited to specific target DNA by Hairy-related proteins.

(UniProt, Q26263)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\dpn using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
No Assay Recorded
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
ventral neurectoderm
(Bier et al., 1992)
neuroblast
(Bier et al., 1992)
embryonic/larval neuron
(Bier et al., 1992)
embryonic cycle 13
organism | gap expression pattern
(Bier et al., 1992)
organism | pair rule expression pattern
(Bier et al., 1992)
larval stage
external sensory organ
(Bier et al., 1992)
embryonic stage & larval stage
peripheral nervous system
(Bier et al., 1992)
neuroblast
(Bier et al., 1992)
central nervous system
(Bier et al., 1992)
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
stage 1 neuroblast
(Chang et al., 2000)
central brain primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
inclusive hindgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior endoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9
stage 1 neuroblast
(Emery and Bier, 1995)
embryonic stage 10 -- 13
neuroblast of ventral nervous system
(Emery and Bier, 1995)
embryonic stage 10 -- 12
sensory mother cell
(Emery and Bier, 1995)
embryonic stage 13 -- 15
sensory neuron
(Emery and Bier, 1995)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
dorsal ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
mesectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | pair rule expression pattern
(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
dorsal ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
hindgut anlage
(Fisher et al., 2012)
mesectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium

Comment: reported as ventral nerve cord anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior endoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
central brain primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal epidermis primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as head epidermis primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as head epidermis primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as head epidermis primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic neuroblast of ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior midgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral epidermis primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic central brain glial cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
germline cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral cord glial cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral cord neuron
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic brain
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic head sensory system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval nervous system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
sensory nervous system primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic central brain glial cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic central brain neuron
(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral cord glial cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral cord neuron
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 5 -- 6
mesectoderm | subset
(Kearney et al., 2004)
embryonic stage 9 -- 12
midline primordium | subset
(Kearney et al., 2004)
embryonic stage 4
organism | ubiquitous
(Kang et al., 2009)
embryonic stage 5
organism | pair rule expression pattern
(Kang et al., 2009)
embryonic stage 10
organism | restricted

Comment: rosette pattern

(Kang et al., 2009)
neuroblast
(Kang et al., 2009)
Additional Descriptive Data

dpn is expressed in precellular blastoderm embryos during cycle 13 in a nearly ubiquitous pattern. It is then expressed in a pattern of 8 pair rule stripes. In late germband extension, expression in a rosette pattern is observed. At stage 10 expression is seen in the neuroblasts of each hemisegment along the ventral nerve cord.

(Kang et al., 2009)

No dpn transcripts are detected in dpn1 mutant embryos.

(Bier et al., 1992)

dpn transcripts are first detected in a ubiquitous pattern in embryonic cycle 12. A transient gap-rule pattern in cycle 13 is followed by a pair-rule stripe pattern. dpn stripes overlap with the corresponding h stripes which extend further posteriorly. dpn transcripts are expressed briefly in patches of neurectoderm preceding the first wave of neuroblast segregation and become restricted to the neuroblasts before they delaminate. By 6 1/2-7 hr, all neuroblasts have delaminated and express dpn. In the PNS, dpn is expressed weakly in patches of ectodermal cells followed by strong expression in sensillum precursors. Expression in neural precursors disappears soon after they divide and reappears at later stages of nervous system development of the CNS and PNS as neurons begin to differentiate. dpn is also expressed in neuroblasts of the larval CNS and in precursors of sensory neurons in imaginal discs. Expression is restricted to the primary neural precursor cell. In ventral thoracic discs, expression is also observed in additional non-neuronal cells. dpn expression is absent in neuroblasts in a da mutant background, but is present at normal levels in a reduced number of neuroblasts in a Df(1)sc-B57 background.

(Bier et al., 1992)
Marker for
 
stage 1 neuroblast
(Chang et al., 2000)
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
No Assay Recorded
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage
external sensory organ
(Bier et al., 1992)
embryonic stage
embryonic/larval neuron
(Bier et al., 1992)
embryonic stage & larval stage
peripheral nervous system
(Bier et al., 1992)
embryonic cycle 13
organism | pair rule expression pattern
(Bier et al., 1992)
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage & larval stage
neuroblast
(Bier et al., 1992)
central nervous system
(Bier et al., 1992)
embryonic stage
ventral neurectoderm
(Bier et al., 1992)
neuroblast
(Bier et al., 1992)
embryonic cycle 13
organism | gap expression pattern
(Bier et al., 1992)
embryonic stage 8
procephalic neurogenic region & Pcv7 neuroblast & Pcv9 neuroblast
(Urbach et al., 2003)
embryonic antennal segment & ventral neurectoderm & neuroblast
(Urbach et al., 2003)
third instar larval stage
neuroblast of embryonic/larval optic lobe
(Weng et al., 2012)
inner proliferation zone | restricted
(Apitz and Salecker, 2015)
optic lobe forming neuroblast
(Southall et al., 2013)
medulla forming neuroblast
(Yasugi et al., 2010)
optic lobe neuroepithelial cell | subset
(Yasugi et al., 2010)
larval outer optic anlage
(Wallace et al., 2000)
larval inner optic anlage
(Wallace et al., 2000)
larval neuroblast
(Shaikh et al., 2016)
late third instar larval stage
neuroblast
(Siegrist et al., 2010)
mushroom body neuroblast

Comment: 96 hours after hatching

(Kraft et al., 2016)
prepupal stage
neuroblast

Comment: Assayed at ~5hr after pupal formation.

(Siegrist et al., 2010)
pupal stage
neuroblast

Comment: Assayed at ~30hr after pupal formation.

(Siegrist et al., 2010)
pharate adult stage
neuroblast

Comment: Assayed at mid-pupal stage.

(Siegrist et al., 2010)
embryonic stage 11
neuroblast NB6-4 | punctate
(Bernardoni et al., 1999)
embryonic stage 11 -- 16
neuroblast NB5-6 of thorax | subset of embryonic mesothoracic segment
(Ulvklo et al., 2012)
neuroblast NB5-6 of thorax | subset of embryonic metathoracic segment
(Ulvklo et al., 2012)
larval stage
secondary neuroblast
(Eroglu et al., 2014)
type II neuroblast
(Eroglu et al., 2014)
embryonic stage 17
mushroom body neuroblast
(Kraft et al., 2016)
embryonic neuroblast
(Kraft et al., 2016)
second instar larval stage
mushroom body neuroblast

Comment: 36 hours after hatching

(Kraft et al., 2016)
early third instar larval stage
mushroom body neuroblast

Comment: 48 hours after hatching

(Kraft et al., 2016)
pharate adult stage P9
mushroom body neuroblast

Comment: 72 hours APF

(Kraft et al., 2016)
embryonic stage 11 -- 13
neuroblast NB5-5
(Benito-Sipos et al., 2010)
embryonic stage 9 -- 12
neuroblast NB5-6 of thorax
(Losada-Pérez et al., 2013)
first instar larval stage
neuroblast NB5-2 of abdomen
(Estacio-Gómez et al., 2013)
neuroblast NB5-3 of abdomen
(Estacio-Gómez et al., 2013)
neuroblast NB3-5 of abdomen
(Estacio-Gómez et al., 2013)
Additional Descriptive Data

dpn-protein expression can be found in neuroblasts in the distal part of the inner proliferation zone in the larval optic anlage.

(Apitz and Salecker, 2015)

dpn protein is localized to type II and secondary neuroblasts, but not to type I neuroblasts.

(Eroglu et al., 2014)

Approximately 100 neuroblasts in the 96hr 3rd instar larvae central nervous system express dpn. At ~5hr after pupal formation, the number of cells expressing dpn remains the same as in 3rd instar larvae, but cell size and mitotic activity are reduced. Midway through pupal development, only the mushroom body neuroblasts remain. Expression is no longer present 10hr before eclosion (~96hr APF).

(Siegrist et al., 2010)

dpn is expressed weakly in two to three rows of neural progenitor cells lateral to the l(1)sc-expressing cells in the developing optic lobe and at high levels in the neuroblasts.

(Yasugi et al., 2010)

No dpn protein is detected in neural precursors in dpn1 mutants.

(Bier et al., 1992)

dpn protein is first detected in a ubiquitous pattern in embryonic cycle 12. A transient gap-rule pattern in cycle 13 is followed by a pair-rule stripe pattern. dpn stripes overlap with the corresponding h stripes which extend further posteriorly. dpn protein is expressed briefly in patches of neurectoderm preceding the first wave of neuroblast segregation and is restricted to the neuroblasts before they delaminate. By 6 1/2-7hr, all neuroblasts have delaminated and express dpn. In the PNS, dpn protein is expressed weakly in patches of ectodermal cells followed by strong expression in sensillum precursors. Expression in neural precursors disappears soon after they divide and reappears at later stages of CNS and PNS development as neurons begin to differentiate. dpn protein is also expressed in neuroblasts of the larval CNS and in precursors of sensory neurons in imaginal discs. Expression is restricted to the primary neural precursor cell. In leg imaginal discs, expression is also observed in additional non-neuronal cells. dpn protein expression is absent in neuroblasts in a da mutant background, but is present at normal levels in a reduced number of neuroblasts in a Df(1)sc-B57 background.

(Bier et al., 1992)
Marker for
 
larval neuroblast
(Shaikh et al., 2016)
neuroblast
(Kraft et al., 2016, Soshnev et al., 2013)
secondary neuroblast
(Eroglu et al., 2014)
type II neuroblast
(Eroglu et al., 2014)
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Bier et al., 1992)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Li et al., 2017)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\dpn in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, and Transgenic Constructs
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 11 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 23 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of dpn
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of dpn
Deletions and Duplications ( 8 )
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
cell lethal | germline clone
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die before end of larval stage | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
partially lethal - majority live (with Df(2R)dpn-2)
viable
Other Phenotypes
Allele
behavior defective | recessive
cell death defective, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
decreased cell number | larval stage
flightless (with Df(2R)dpn-2)
increased cell number
increased cell number | larval stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4GMR9D11
neuroanatomy defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL471B
neuroanatomy defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407, Scer\GAL80ase.PZ
neuroanatomy defective | larval stage
neuroanatomy defective | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
neuroanatomy defective | larval stage (with dpn1)
neuroanatomy defective | larval stage (with dpn7)
neuroanatomy defective | larval stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
neuroanatomy defective | somatic clone
neuroanatomy defective | third instar larval stage
neuroanatomy defective | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL471B
neuroanatomy defective | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
neuroanatomy defective | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
neuroanatomy defective | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407, Scer\GAL80ase.PZ
neuroanatomy defective | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4wor.PA
size defective | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
some die during embryonic stage
some die during larval stage
some die during pupal stage
uncoordinated (with Df(2R)dpn-2)
visible, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
visible, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
adult brain, with Scer\GAL471B
embryonic/larval optic lobe | third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval optic lobe | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL471B
ganglion mother cell | larval stage | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4ase.neuro
ganglion mother cell | larval stage | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
lamina | third instar larval stage
larval neuroblast | third instar larval stage
macrochaeta
mushroom body neuroblast | larval stage (with dpn1)
mushroom body neuroblast | larval stage (with dpn7)
mushroom body neuroblast | somatic clone
secondary neuroblast | larval stage | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
secondary neuroblast | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407, Scer\GAL80ase.PZ
type II neuroblast, with Scer\GAL4GMR9D11
type II neuroblast | larval stage
type II neuroblast | larval stage (with Df(2R)dpn-2)
type II neuroblast | larval stage (with dpn1)
type II neuroblast | larval stage (with dpn7)
type II neuroblast | larval stage | somatic clone
type II neuroblast | larval stage | somatic clone | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
type II neuroblast | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407, Scer\GAL80ase.PZ
type II neuroblast | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.PU
type II neuroblast | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
type II neuroblast | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4wor.PA
type I neuroblast | larval stage | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4ase.neuro
type I neuroblast | larval stage | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
type I neuroblast | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
type I neuroblast | third instar larval stage (with dpn1)
type I neuroblast | third instar larval stage (with dpn7)
wing, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Homo sapiens (Human) (13)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Hsap\HES1
7 of 15
Yes
Yes
Hsap\HES4
7 of 15
Yes
No
1  
Hsap\HES2
5 of 15
No
No
Hsap\BHLHE40
2 of 15
No
No
Hsap\BHLHE41
2 of 15
No
No
2  
Hsap\HES3
2 of 15
No
No
Hsap\HES5
2 of 15
No
No
Hsap\HES6
2 of 15
No
No
Hsap\HES7
2 of 15
No
No
Hsap\HEYL
2 of 15
No
No
Hsap\HELT
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\HEY1
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\HEY2
1 of 15
No
No
1  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (12)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Mmus\Hes1
8 of 15
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Hes2
4 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Bhlhe40
2 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Bhlhe41
2 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Hes3
2 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Hes5
2 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Hes6
2 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Hes7
2 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Heyl
2 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Helt
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Hey1
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Hey2
1 of 15
No
No
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (11)
Rnor\Hes1
6 of 13
Yes
No
Rnor\Hes2
5 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Heyl
3 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Bhlhe40
2 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Bhlhe41
2 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Hes3
2 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Hes5
2 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Hes6
2 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Hes7
2 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Hey2
2 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Helt
1 of 13
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (15)
Xtro\hes1
7 of 12
Yes
Yes
Xtro\hes4
6 of 12
No
No
Xtro\hes2
4 of 12
No
No
Xtro\bhlhe40
2 of 12
No
No
Xtro\bhlhe41
2 of 12
No
No
Xtro\hes6.1
2 of 12
No
No
Xtro\hes7.1
2 of 12
No
No
Xtro\hes7.2
2 of 12
No
No
Xtro\esr10
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\hes3.3
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\hes5.1
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\hes6.2
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\hes9.1
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\hey1
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\hey2
1 of 12
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (26)
Drer\her9
8 of 15
Yes
Yes
Drer\her6
7 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\hes2.1
4 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\hes2.2
4 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\her8.2
3 of 15
No
No
Drer\her8a
3 of 15
No
No
Drer\bhlhe40
2 of 15
No
No
Drer\bhlhe41
2 of 15
No
No
Drer\her1
2 of 15
No
No
Drer\her3
2 of 15
No
No
Drer\her5
2 of 15
No
No
Drer\her7
2 of 15
No
No
Drer\her11
2 of 15
No
No
Drer\her13
2 of 15
No
No
Drer\hes6
2 of 15
No
No
Drer\heyl
2 of 15
No
No
Drer\helt
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\her2
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\her4.2
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\her4.3
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\her4.4
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\her12
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\her15.1
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\hey1
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\hey2
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\LOC108180270
1 of 15
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (3)
Cele\lin-22
8 of 15
Yes
Yes
Cele\hlh-25
1 of 15
No
Yes
Cele\hlh-27
1 of 15
No
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
No records found.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
Scer\PHO4
1 of 15
Yes
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
No records found.
Ortholog(s) in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09190ABU )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
AAA Syntenic Ortholog
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Drosophila suzukii
Spotted wing Drosophila
Dsuz\DS10_00006730
Drosophila simulans
Dsim\GD15288
Drosophila sechellia
Dsec\GM20707
Drosophila erecta
Dere\GG10662
Drosophila yakuba
Dyak\GE23198
Drosophila ananassae
Dana\GF12602
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
Dpse\GA21268
Drosophila persimilis
Dper\GL10878
Drosophila willistoni
Dwil\GK15770
Drosophila virilis
Dvir\GJ20653
Drosophila mojavensis
Dmoj\GI20925
Drosophila grimshawi
Dgri\GH20825
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09150697 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Musca domestica
House fly
Mdoa\17016651
Glossina morsitans
Tsetse fly
Gmor\GMOY010652
Lucilia cuprina
Australian sheep blowfly
Lcup\FF38_08755
Mayetiola destructor
Hessian fly
Mdes\Mdes005350
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W0D7Z )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Bombyx mori
Silkmoth
Bmor\BGIBMGA005390
Danaus plexippus
Monarch butterfly
Dple\DPOGS200811-PA
Heliconius melpomene
Postman butterfly
Hmel\HMEL011919
Apis florea
Little honeybee
Aflo\5873079476
Apis florea
Little honeybee
Aflo\3768605124
Apis mellifera
Western honey bee
Amel\LOC724914
Apis mellifera
Western honey bee
Amel\GB47799
Bombus impatiens
Common eastern bumble bee
Bimp\BIMP16036
Bombus impatiens
Common eastern bumble bee
Bimp\BIMP16047
Bombus terrestris
Buff-tailed bumblebee
Bter\15202709
Bombus terrestris
Buff-tailed bumblebee
Bter\15202706
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH18324
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH15732
Megachile rotundata
Alfalfa leafcutting bee
Mrot\MROTU:0012cb
Megachile rotundata
Alfalfa leafcutting bee
Mrot\MROTU:0012d9
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG010756
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG010770
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Mountain pine beetle
Dpod\YQE_12940
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Mountain pine beetle
Dpod\YQE_08150
Tribolium castaneum
Red flour beetle
Tcas\TC005224
Tribolium castaneum
Red flour beetle
Tcas\TC012851
Pediculus humanus
Human body louse
Phum\PHUM045420
Pediculus humanus
Human body louse
Phum\PHUM170110
Rhodnius prolixus
Kissing bug
Rpro\RPRC000496
Cimex lectularius
Bed bug
Clec\CLEC009505
Cimex lectularius
Bed bug
Clec\CLEC003006
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Pea aphid
Apim\ACYPI004499
Zootermopsis nevadensis
Nevada dampwood termite
Znev\Znev_07982
Zootermopsis nevadensis
Nevada dampwood termite
Znev\Znev_07981
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X0D5R )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR001692
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR012956
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR012957
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW016537
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW016540
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM73076.1
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM81513.1
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur08g02740
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur08g02780
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091G0GBN )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Hairy2/4
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-HesC
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\e(spl)/hairy-b
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\e(spl)/hairy-c
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\ENSGALG00000028015
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\HEYL
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\ENSGALG00000002055
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (12)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
orthoMCL
Panther
RoundUp
Alignment
h
7 of 10
E(spl)mβ-HLH
5 of 10
Sidpn
5 of 10
E(spl)m3-HLH
4 of 10
E(spl)m5-HLH
4 of 10
E(spl)m7-HLH
4 of 10
E(spl)m8-HLH
4 of 10
E(spl)mδ-HLH
4 of 10
E(spl)mγ-HLH
4 of 10
cwo
3 of 10
Hesr
2 of 10
Hey
2 of 10
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Model Summary Ribbon
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
dpnUAS.cWa
model of  brain cancer
CEA
(Huang et al., 2015)
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
Human Ortholog
Disease
Evidence
References
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
dpnUAS.cWa
model of  brain cancer
is ameliorated by eagDN.EKI.UAS
(Huang et al., 2015)
is ameliorated by eag1
(Huang et al., 2015)
is NOT ameliorated by Sh14
(Huang et al., 2015)
dpnHMC03154
exacerbates  atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor
modeled by Snr1KK101602
(Tegeder et al., 2019)
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
HES1; hes family bHLH transcription factor 1
7 of 15
139605
      HES4; hes family bHLH transcription factor 4
      7 of 15
      608060
           
          HES2; hes family bHLH transcription factor 2
          5 of 15
          609970
              Functional Complementation Data
              Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
              Interactions
              Summary of Physical Interactions
              esyN Network Diagram
              Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
              Select Layout:
              Legend:
              Protein
              RNA
              Selected Interactor(s)
              Interactions Browser
              View in Interactions Browser
              Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
              protein-protein
              Physical Interaction
              Assay
              References
              dpn
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, two hybrid
              (Komori et al., 2018, Liu and Belote, 1995)
              dpn - CHOp24
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based
              (Rhee et al., 2014)
              dpn - Df31
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based
              (Rhee et al., 2014)
              dpn - E(spl)m8-HLH
              electrophoretic mobility shift assay, electrophoretic mobility supershift assay, autoradiography
              (Zacharioudaki et al., 2012)
              dpn - E(spl)mγ-HLH
              electrophoretic mobility shift assay, electrophoretic mobility supershift assay, autoradiography, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
              (Komori et al., 2018, Zacharioudaki et al., 2012)
              dpn - GATAe
              two hybrid array
              (Shokri et al., 2019)
              dpn - Hr78
              two hybrid array
              (Shokri et al., 2019)
              dpn - Sirt1
              pull down, autoradiography
              (Rosenberg and Parkhurst, 2002)
              dpn - da
              two hybrid
              (Liu and Belote, 1995)
              dpn - dgrn
              pull down, autoradiography
              (Barry et al., 2011)
              dpn - gro
              pull down, autoradiography, inferred by curator, two hybrid
              (Jennings et al., 2006, Poortinga et al., 1998, Paroush et al., 1994)
              dpn - h
              pull down, autoradiography
              (Secombe and Parkhurst, 2004)
              dpn - insb
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, western blot
              (Komori et al., 2018)
              dpn - sisA
              two hybrid
              (Liu and Belote, 1995)
              RNA-protein
              Physical Interaction
              Assay
              References
              dpn - brat
              anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, autoradiography
              (Reichardt et al., 2018, Loedige et al., 2015)
              Summary of Genetic Interactions
              esyN Network Diagram
              esyN Network Key:
              Suppression
              Enhancement
              View in Interactions Browser
              Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
              Starting gene(s)
              Interaction type
              Interacting gene(s)
              Reference
              dpn
              suppressible
              eag
              (Huang et al., 2015)
              dpn
              enhanceable
              erm
              (Janssens et al., 2014)
              dpn
              suppressible
              erm
              (Janssens et al., 2014)
              dpn
              suppressible
              mir-ban
              (Wu et al., 2017)
              dpn
              suppressible
              pros
              (Zhu et al., 2012)
              Starting gene(s)
              Interaction type
              Interacting gene(s)
              Reference
              brat
              suppressible
              dpn
              (Reichardt et al., 2018)
              brat
              enhanceable
              dpn
              (Janssens et al., 2014)
              da
              suppressible
              dpn
              (Barbash and Cline, 1995)
              erm
              enhanceable
              dpn
              (Janssens et al., 2014)
              erm
              suppressible
              dpn
              (Janssens et al., 2014)
              N
              enhanceable
              dpn
              (Babaoğlan et al., 2013)
              N
              suppressible
              dpn
              (San-Juán and Baonza, 2011)
              sc
              suppressible
              dpn
              (Barbash and Cline, 1995)
              scrt
              enhanceable
              dpn
              (Roark et al., 1995)
              sisA
              suppressible
              dpn
              (Barbash and Cline, 1995)
              sisRNA:4
              suppressible
              dpn
              (Tay and Pek, 2017)
              External Data
              Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
              Homodimer (PubMed:22357926, PubMed:7651341). Heterodimer with E(spl)mgamma-HLH and E(spl) (PubMed:22357926). Transcription repression requires formation of a complex with the corepressor protein Groucho (PubMed:8001118). Interacts (via bHLH motif) with sisA (PubMed:7651341). Interacts with da (PubMed:7651341).
              (UniProt, Q26263 )
              Linkouts
              BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
              DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
              InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
              MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              Pathways
              Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
              Metabolic Pathways
              External Data
              Linkouts
              Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
              Chromosome (arm)
              2R
              Recombination map

              2-58

              Cytogenetic map
              44C2-44C2
              Sequence location
              2R:8,228,971..8,232,330 [-]
              FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
              Cytogenetic map
              Evidence for location
              44C2-44C2
              Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}Rs1k09514&P{lacW}l(2)k03110k03110 and P{lacW}Vps25k08904&P{lacW}ptck02507
              Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
              Cytogenetic map
              Notes
              References
              44C-44C
              (determined by in situ hybridisation)
              (Bier et al., 1992)
              Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
              Location

              2-58

              (FlyBase, 2016)

              2-57.4

              (Comeron et al., 2012)
              Left of (cM)
              Right of (cM)
              Notes
              Stocks and Reagents
              Stocks (13)
              Genomic Clones (21)
              cDNA Clones (26)
               

              Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

              cDNA clones, fully sequenced
              BDGP DGC clones
              Other clones
              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

              For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

              cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
              BDGP DGC clones
              Other clones
              RNAi and Array Information
              Linkouts
              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
              GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
              Antibody Information
              Other Information
              Relationship to Other Genes
              Source for database identify of
              Source for database merge of

              Source for merge of: dpn anon- EST:fe1B12

              (Bayraktaroglu, 2000.11.2)
              Additional comments
              Other Comments

              Host gene for two maternally inherited stable intronic sequence RNA (sisRNA), referred to as "sisR-4" and the "dpn 5' sisRNA".

              (Tay and Pek, 2017)

              dpn is both necessary and sufficient for maintaining neuroblast self-renewal.

              (Zhu et al., 2012)

              dpn mutants have defects in larval locomotion.

              (Parrish et al., 2006)

              dsRNA has been made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene. RNAi of dpn results in increased arborization of ddaD and ddaE neurons, defects in dendrite morphogenesis and reproducible defects in da dendrite development.

              (Parrish et al., 2006)

              Expression of activated h in early blastoderm embryos causes ectopic Sxl expression and male-specific lethality, implying that the h-related denominator element dpn represses Sxl during sex-determination by directly recognising the early Sxl promoter.

              (Jimenez et al., 1996)

              An extensive genetic screen for dominant suppressors of the female specific lethal sisA mutation identified 10 alleles of dpn but no other loci. By itself dpn cannot account for the masculinizing effect of increased autosomal ploidy, but if other denominator elements exist their contributions must be less than that of dpn. The time course of expression of dpn and Sxl in dpn mutant backgrounds suggests that dpn is required for sex determination only during the later stages of X:A signalling in males, to prevent inappropriate expression of SxlPe in the face of increasing sis gene product levels.

              (Barbash and Cline, 1995)

              Ecol\lacZ reporter gene construct demonstrates dpn pan-neural enhancer is composed of CNS and PNS specific subelements.

              (Emery and Bier, 1995)

              dpn gene functions as a dose-dependent negative regulator of Sxl-Pe.

              (Estes et al., 1995)

              Transfection assays and in vitro DNA binding experiments indicate that da/sc heterodimers directly activate the Sxl early promoter by binding to both high and low affinity sites. dpn protein represses this activation by specific binding to a unique site within the Sxl early promoter.

              (Hoshijima et al., 1995)

              The yeast two hybrid system has been used to demonstrate specific interactions within the sisA, sc, dpn and da group of gene products, and to delimit their interaction domains. The results support and extend the model of the molecular basis of the X/A ratio signal.

              (Liu and Belote, 1995)

              Mutants at dpn show genetic interaction with achaete-scute complex mutants.

              (Bier et al., 1992)

              The dpn+ product is involved in mobility of larvae and adults. dpn may act as a denominator element in sex determination, with Sxl mediating male lethality due to imbalance of sc+, dpn+ and maternally provided emc+.

              (Younger-Shepherd et al., 1992)
              Origin and Etymology
              Discoverer
              Etymology
              Identification
              External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 60 )
              Sequence Crossreferences
              NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
              GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
              GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
              RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
              UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              Other crossreferences
              BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
              Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
              Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
              Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
              GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
              iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
              InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
              KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
              modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
              Linkouts
              ApoDroso - Functional genomic database for photoreceptor development, survival and function
              BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
              DPiM - Drosophila Protein interaction map
              DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
              FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
              FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
              FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
              FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
              Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
              InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
              MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              Synonyms and Secondary IDs (11)
              Reported As
              Symbol Synonym
              44C
              (Wainwright and Ish-Horowicz, 1992, Vaessin et al., 1990)
              CG8704
              (Meadows, 2017.1.11, Hadar et al., 2012, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Krejcí et al., 2009, Perkins et al., 2009.3.31, Stevens et al., 2008, Stevens et al., 2008, Schlatter and Maier, 2005, Schulz et al., 2004, Norga et al., 2003)
              DPN
              (Mirkovic et al., 2019, Sprecher et al., 2006)
              Dpn
              (Hailstone et al., 2020, Hakes and Brand, 2020, Bivik Stadler et al., 2019, Piggott et al., 2019, Ramon-Cañellas et al., 2019, Zhang et al., 2019, Abed et al., 2018, Hakes et al., 2018, Schwartz and Rhiner, 2018, Shaikh and Tejedor, 2018, An et al., 2017, Caygill and Brand, 2017, Janssens et al., 2017, Mavromatakis and Tomlinson, 2017, Altenhein et al., 2016, Mukherjee et al., 2016, Shaikh et al., 2016, Apitz and Salecker, 2015, Arya et al., 2015, Fernández-Hernández and Rhiner, 2015, Jia et al., 2015, To et al., 2015, Eroglu et al., 2014, Kuang et al., 2014, Lai and Doe, 2014, Carney et al., 2013, Chai et al., 2013, Chen et al., 2013, Goh et al., 2013, Kux et al., 2013, Lee et al., 2013, Li et al., 2013, Pérez-Gómez et al., 2013, Suzuki et al., 2013, Wang et al., 2013, Zhou and Luo, 2013, Andersen et al., 2012, Callan et al., 2012, Haenfler et al., 2012, Hirono et al., 2012, Kelsom and Lu, 2012, Moraru et al., 2012, Song and Lu, 2012, Ulvklo et al., 2012, Weng and Cohen, 2012, Weng et al., 2012, Xiao et al., 2012, Barry et al., 2011, Benito-Sipos et al., 2011, Hwang and Rulifson, 2011, Kawamori et al., 2011, Morante et al., 2011, Neumüller et al., 2011, Ouyang et al., 2011, Tan et al., 2011, Viktorin et al., 2011, Wang et al., 2011, Wang et al., 2011, Wang et al., 2011, Weng and Lee, 2011, Zhu et al., 2011, Bayraktar et al., 2010, Berger et al., 2010, Brankatschk and Eaton, 2010, Chang et al., 2010, Karlsson et al., 2010, Monastirioti et al., 2010, Reddy et al., 2010, Siegrist et al., 2010, Sousa-Nunes et al., 2010, Weng et al., 2010, Andrews et al., 2009, Baumgardt et al., 2009, Cabernard and Doe, 2009, Sousa-Nunes et al., 2009, Southall and Brand, 2009, Wang et al., 2009, Boone and Doe, 2008, Bowman et al., 2008, Chabu and Doe, 2008, Yasugi et al., 2008, Egger et al., 2007, Kozhina et al., 2007, Wang et al., 2007, Wang et al., 2007, Lee et al., 2006, Lee et al., 2006, Parrish et al., 2006, Urbach et al., 2006, Wang et al., 2006, Quintero et al., 2005, Winston and Gottesfeld, 2000)
              anon-EST:fe1B12
              bHLHe50
              (Stevens et al., 2008)
              dpn
              (Hassan et al., 2020, Li et al., 2020, Yoo et al., 2020, Arya et al., 2019, Brunet Avalos et al., 2019, Gahr et al., 2019, Harding and White, 2019, Otsuki and Brand, 2019, Shokri et al., 2019, Tegeder et al., 2019, van den Ameele and Brand, 2019, Zhou et al., 2019, Aughey et al., 2018, Bischof et al., 2018, Li et al., 2018, Loewen et al., 2018, Mora et al., 2018, Paul et al., 2018, Pek, 2018, Reichardt et al., 2018, Vaufrey et al., 2018, Chan et al., 2017, Karaiskos et al., 2017, Tay and Pek, 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Wu et al., 2017, Mavromatakis and Tomlinson, 2016, Morrissy et al., 2016, Urbach et al., 2016, Zacharioudaki et al., 2016, Gene Disruption Project members, 2015-, Huang et al., 2015, Loedige et al., 2015, Schertel et al., 2015, To et al., 2015, Awasaki et al., 2014, Awasaki et al., 2014, Ciglar et al., 2014, Córdoba and Estella, 2014, Eroglu et al., 2014, Janssens et al., 2014, Komori et al., 2014, Southall et al., 2014, Aleksic et al., 2013, Babaoğlan et al., 2013, Chai et al., 2013, Berger et al., 2012, Carney et al., 2012, Hadar et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Kunz et al., 2012, San Juan et al., 2012, Zacharioudaki et al., 2012, Zhu et al., 2012, Cave et al., 2011, Colonques et al., 2011, Hasegawa et al., 2011, Kappes et al., 2011, Kuzin et al., 2011, Michaut et al., 2011, Nien et al., 2011, San-Juán and Baonza, 2011, Duncan and Dearden, 2010, Egger et al., 2010, Gladstein et al., 2010, Suissa et al., 2010, Yasugi et al., 2010, Kang et al., 2009, Krejcí et al., 2009, Liang et al., 2008, Lu et al., 2008, Bartolome and Charlesworth, 2006, Molnar et al., 2006, Macdonald and Long, 2005, Reeves and Posakony, 2005, Schlatter and Maier, 2005, Grad et al., 2004, Wallace et al., 2000)
              Name Synonyms
              Dead-pan
              (Ramon-Cañellas et al., 2019)
              Deadpan
              (Baccino-Calace et al., 2020, Baral et al., 2020, Samuels et al., 2020, Hakes et al., 2018, Skeath et al., 2017, Mukherjee et al., 2016, Zacharioudaki et al., 2016, To et al., 2015, Jeibmann et al., 2014, Kuang et al., 2014, Lacin et al., 2014, Chai et al., 2013, Goh et al., 2013, Kux et al., 2013, Wang et al., 2013, Andersen et al., 2012, Berger et al., 2012, Callan et al., 2012, Kelsom and Lu, 2012, Moraru et al., 2012, Siddall et al., 2012, Song and Lu, 2012, Sun et al., 2012, Hasegawa et al., 2011, Morante et al., 2011, Richter et al., 2011, Tan et al., 2011, Viktorin et al., 2011, Reddy et al., 2010, Siegrist et al., 2010, Andrews et al., 2009, Baumgardt et al., 2009, Sousa-Nunes et al., 2009, Beckervordersandforth et al., 2008, Boone and Doe, 2008, Bowman et al., 2008, Chabu and Doe, 2008, Morey et al., 2008, Wang et al., 2007, Wang et al., 2007, Lee et al., 2006, Winston and Gottesfeld, 2000)
              anon-fast-evolving-1B12
              deadpan
              (Pek, 2018, Mavromatakis and Tomlinson, 2016, Urbach et al., 2016, Awasaki et al., 2014, Southall et al., 2014, Eguchi et al., 2013, San Juan et al., 2012, Yoshioka et al., 2012, Benito-Sipos et al., 2011, Kuzin et al., 2011, San-Juán and Baonza, 2011, Chang et al., 2010, Suissa et al., 2010, Cabernard and Doe, 2009, Kang et al., 2009, Krejcí et al., 2009, Southall and Brand, 2009, Bonaccorsi et al., 2007, Kankel et al., 2007, Kozhina et al., 2007, Choksi et al., 2006, Younger-Shepherd et al., 1992)
              Secondary FlyBase IDs
              • FBgn0025271
              Datasets (0)
              Study focus (0)
              Experimental Role
              Project
              Project Type
              Title
              References (371)