FB2020_02, released Apr 14, 2020

Gene: Dmel\hep

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\hep
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
hemipterous
Annotation Symbol
CG4353
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0010303
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
19 publicly available
Enzyme Name (EC)
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (2.7.12.2)
Gene Snapshot
hemipterous (hep) encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase involved in the Jun-N-terminal kinase pathway by phosphorylating the product of bsk. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Other Summaries
Also Known As

JNKK, MKK7, hp, MAPKK, JNK kinase

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
11D10-11D10
Sequence location
X:13,079,205..13,090,434 [-]
Recombination map

1-41

RefSeq locus
NC_004354 REGION:13079205..13090434
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase kinase subfamily. (Q23977)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Molecular Function (GO)
[Detailed GO annotations]
Experimental Evidence
JUN kinase kinase activity; MAP-kinase scaffold activity; protein binding; protein kinase activity; protein kinase binding
Predictions / Assertions
ATP binding; JUN kinase kinase activity; MAP kinase kinase activity
Catalytic Activity (EC)
Experimental Evidence
-
Predictions / Assertions
ATP + L-seryl/L-threonyl/L-tyrosyl-[protein] = ADP + O-phospho-L- seryl/O-phospho-L-threonyl/O-phospho-L-tyrosyl-[protein] (2.7.12.2)
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
STE7 MAP KINASE KINASES -
STE7 MAP kinase kinases (MAPKKs) belong to the STE7 subfamily and are serine/threonine kinases that phosphorylate MAP kinases in MAPK signalling cascades. MAPKKs are activated by MAP kinase kinase kinases (MAPKKKs). (Adapted from FBrf0225276.)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Pvr Signaling Pathway Core Components -
PDGF/VEGF (Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)-receptor related (Pvr) encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase activated by the binding of PDGF- and VEGF-related factors (Pvf1,Pvf2 or Pvf3). Pvr has been shown to activate the canonical Ras/Raf/MAP kinase (ERK) cascade, the PI3K kinase pathway, TORC1 (FBrf0222697), Rho family small GTPases (FBrf0221764, FBrf0180198) and the JNK cascade (FBrf0180198), in a context-dependent manner. (Adapted from FBrf0222697 and FBrf0221727).
Imd Signaling Pathway Core Components -
The immune deficiency (Imd) pathway primarily mediates the humoral immune response to Gram-negative bacteria. Activation of the Imd pathway by diaminopimelic acid-type peptidoglycan initiates a signaling cascade that ultimately results in the release of the NFκB-like factor Rel from auto-inhibition and its translocation into the nucleus to activate the transcription of antimicrobial peptides. (Adapted from FBrf0224587 and FBrf0238555.)
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Required for the epithelial cell sheet movement called dorsal closure (DC), which allows establishment of the dorsal epidermis. Controls the expression in the dorsal epithelium edges of another dorsal closure gene, puckered (puc). Phosphorylates and activates the MAP kinase bsk; bsk signal transduction pathway mediates an immune response and morphogenesis.
(UniProt, Q23977)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

a serine/threonine protein kinase (MapKK/JunKK) involved in dorsal closure - involved in the Jun-N-terminal kinase pathway by phosphorylating Basket - required for the correct differentiation of epithelia

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
7
Number of Unique Polypeptides
6

Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\hep or the JBrowse view of Dmel\hep for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 6.02

Gene model reviewed during 5.50

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.44

gene_with_stop_codon_read_through ; SO:0000697

Stop-codon suppression (UGA) postulated; FBrf0216884.

Double stop-codon suppression (UGA, UGA) postulated; FBrf0243886.

Gene model reviewed during 6.32

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
gene_with_stop_codon_read_through
(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2020, Jungreis et al., 2011)
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
hep-RA
FBtr0073747
NM_167346
4893
1178
hep-RC
FBtr0073748
NM_078587
2738
492
hep-RD
FBtr0330396
NM_001272571
5344
1162
hep-RE
FBtr0330397
NM_001272572
5689
492
hep-RF
FBtr0340303
NM_001298253
5344
1153
hep-RG
FBtr0479992
4893
1187
hep-RH
FBtr0479993
4893
1294
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

6.0 (northern blot)

(Glise et al., 1995)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
hep-PA
FBpp0073578
125.1
1178
10.05
NP_727661
AAN09646
hep-PC
FBpp0073579
53.1
492
9.19
NP_511142
AAF48222
hep-PD
FBpp0303422
123.2
1162
9.98
NP_001259500
AGB95342
hep-PE
FBpp0303423
53.1
492
9.19
NP_001259501
AGB95343
hep-PF
FBpp0309264
122.3
1153
9.98
NP_001285182
AHN59652
hep-PG
FBpp0428279
126.1
1187
10.05
hep-PH
FBpp0428280
137.1
1294
9.56
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

492 aa isoforms: hep-PC, hep-PE
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

487 (aa)

(Glise et al., 1995)
Comments
External Data
Post Translational Modification

MAPKK is itself dependent on Ser/Thr phosphorylation for activity catalyzed by MAP kinase kinase kinases.

Weakly autophosphorylated.

(UniProt, Q23977)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\hep using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Gene Ontology (47 terms)
Molecular Function (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
JUN kinase kinase activity
inferred from direct assay
(Sluss et al., 1996)
MAP-kinase scaffold activity
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Taru et al., 2002)
protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Cka; FB:FBgn0044323
(Chen et al., 2002)
protein kinase activity
inferred from direct assay
(Glise et al., 1995)
protein kinase binding
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9W0K0
(assigned by UniProt )
(Taru et al., 2002)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
ATP binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000719, InterPro:IPR002290, InterPro:IPR017441
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
JUN kinase kinase activity
inferred from sequence or structural similarity
(Glise et al., 1995)
traceable author statement
(Stronach and Perrimon, 2002)
MAP kinase kinase activity
traceable author statement
(Martin-Blanco, 2000)
Biological Process (39 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (36 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
antibacterial humoral response
inferred from direct assay
(Sluss et al., 1996)
axon extension
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Srahna et al., 2006)
axon guidance
inferred from direct assay
(Soares et al., 2014)
basement membrane disassembly
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Srivastava et al., 2007)
carbohydrate homeostasis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hull-Thompson et al., 2009)
cellular response to arsenic-containing substance
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ryabinina et al., 2006)
cellular response to cadmium ion
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ryabinina et al., 2006)
chorion micropyle formation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Suzanne et al., 2001)
chorion-containing eggshell pattern formation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Suzanne et al., 2001)
determination of adult lifespan
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wang et al., 2003)
dorsal appendage formation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Suzanne et al., 2001)
dorsal closure
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Rousset et al., 2010)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Thomas et al., 2009, Kaltschmidt et al., 2002)
dorsal closure, spreading of leading edge cells
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Glise et al., 1995)
engulfment of apoptotic cell
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Etchegaray et al., 2012)
imaginal disc eversion
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Srivastava et al., 2007, Pastor-Pareja et al., 2004)
imaginal disc fusion
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Pastor-Pareja et al., 2004)
imaginal disc fusion, thorax closure
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Thomas et al., 2009, Ishimaru et al., 2004)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Rab30; FB:FBgn0031882
(Thomas et al., 2009)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:slpr; FB:FBgn0030018
(Baril et al., 2009)
imaginal disc-derived male genitalia morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Rousset et al., 2010)
intestinal stem cell homeostasis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wang et al., 2014)
JNK cascade
inferred from direct assay
(Sluss et al., 1996)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ishimaru et al., 2004, Riesgo-Escovar et al., 1996)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Mkk4; FB:FBgn0024326
(Geuking et al., 2009)
melanization defense response
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Bidla et al., 2007)
neuron development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Rallis et al., 2010)
ovarian follicle cell development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Jordan et al., 2006)
peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Valanne et al., 2007, Silverman et al., 2003, Boutros et al., 2002)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Tak1; FB:FBgn0026323
(Delaney et al., 2006)
positive regulation of actin filament bundle assembly
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kaltschmidt et al., 2002)
positive regulation of autophagy
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wu et al., 2009)
positive regulation of border follicle cell migration
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Pvr; FB:FBgn0032006
(Mathieu et al., 2007)
positive regulation of filopodium assembly
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kaltschmidt et al., 2002)
positive regulation of gene expression
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Srivastava and Dong, 2015, Rousset et al., 2010)
positive regulation of JNK cascade
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ryabinina et al., 2006)
positive regulation of lamellipodium assembly
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kaltschmidt et al., 2002)
positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wu et al., 2009)
response to heat
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Gonda et al., 2012, Karpac et al., 2009)
triglyceride homeostasis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hull-Thompson et al., 2009)
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Pvr; FB:FBgn0032006
(Ishimaru et al., 2004)
wound healing
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Bosch et al., 2005)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
dorsal closure
traceable author statement
(Noselli and Agnes, 1999)
establishment of planar polarity
non-traceable author statement
(Mlodzik, 2002)
JNK cascade
traceable author statement
(Harden, 2002)
MAPK cascade
non-traceable author statement
(Martin-Blanco, 2000)
protein phosphorylation
traceable author statement
(Noselli and Agnes, 1999)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
axon
inferred from direct assay
(Rallis et al., 2010)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
organism | ubiquitous
(Glise et al., 1995)
embryonic stage -- adult stage
(Glise et al., 1995)
Additional Descriptive Data

hep transcripts are detected throughout development on northern blots. In situ hybridization shows that they are homogeneously distributed throughout the embryo.

(Glise et al., 1995)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult mushroom body
• axon
(Rallis et al., 2010)
adult brain
(Rallis et al., 2010)
adult antennal lobe
(Rallis et al., 2010)
Additional Descriptive Data

hep protein is detected in mushroom body axons but is less prominent in mushroom body cell bodies. Additional signal is found throughout the adult brain including the antennal lobe.

(Rallis et al., 2010)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
axon
inferred from direct assay
(Rallis et al., 2010)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\hep in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, and Transgenic Constructs
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 29 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 19 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of hep
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of hep
Deletions and Duplications ( 7 )
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
cell lethal | partially | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.PL
lethal, with Scer\GAL469B
lethal | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
lethal | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4vg.PU
lethal | pharate adult stage
lethal | pupal stage
lethal | recessive
lethal | recessive | rescuable maternal effect
lethal - all die before end of embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL469B
lethal - all die before end of embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4e22c
lethal - all die before end of embryonic stage | maternal effect | recessive
lethal - all die before end of embryonic stage | recessive
lethal - all die before end of embryonic stage | rescuable maternal effect
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage | recessive
lethal - all die during P-stage
partially lethal - majority die | female
partially lethal - majority die | male
partially lethal - majority die | recessive
partially lethal - majority live | temperature conditional, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
viable
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
viable (with hep1)
viable (with hep699)
viable | female
Sterility
Allele
female sterile, with Scer\GAL4nos.PG, Scer\GAL4VP16.nos.UTR, Scer\GAL4VP16.otu
Other Phenotypes
Allele
cell death defective, with Scer\GAL4GR1
cell migration defective, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
cell migration defective | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4ptc.PU
cell number defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4NP0001
cell shape defective | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4arm.PS
cell shape defective | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
chemical resistant, with Scer\GAL4arm.PS
chemical resistant | RU486 conditional, with Scer\GAL4elav.Switch.PO
chemical sensitive
heat stress response defective | adult stage
hyperplasia | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4NP5130
increased cell death
increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4sev.PU
increased cell death | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
increased cell death | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
increased cell death | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4T80
increased cell death | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
increased cell death | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
increased cell death | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
increased cell death | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4ptc.PU
increased cell death | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4sev.PU
increased cell number | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4esg.PU
increased cell number | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4He.PZ
increased cell number | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Hml.PG
increased cell size | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
increased occurrence of cell division, with Scer\GAL4NP5130
increased occurrence of cell division | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Dl-05151-G
increased occurrence of cell division | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4esg.PU
increased occurrence of cell division | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4NP0001
increased occurrence of cell division | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4NP5130
long lived, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
mitotic cell cycle defective | somatic clone
neuroanatomy defective
neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4ato.3.6
neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4P2.4.Pdf
neuroanatomy defective | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4wor.PA
neuroanatomy defective | somatic clone
planar polarity defective, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev
short lived, with Scer\GAL4NP5130, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
size defective, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
size defective, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
size defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
size defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
small body | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Ilp2.PR
some die during embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL469B
some die during embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4e22c
some die during embryonic stage | recessive
some die during embryonic stage | recessive | maternal effect | recessive
some die during embryonic stage | rescuable maternal effect
some die during pupal stage
some die during pupal stage | recessive
stress response defective
stress response defective, with Scer\GAL4ppl.PP
tumorigenic, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
visible
visible, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
visible, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
visible, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev
visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
visible, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
visible, with Scer\GAL4sev.PU
visible (with hep1)
visible (with hep699)
visible (with hepr39)
visible (with hepr75)
visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
visible | dominant
visible | recessive
wild-type
wound healing defective
wound healing defective, with Scer\GAL4elav.Switch.PO
wound healing defective, with Scer\GAL4αTub84B.Switch.PK
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
adult gut, with Scer\GAL4NP5130
adult gut, with Scer\GAL4NP5130, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
adult head
adult head | rescuable maternal effect
adult mesothoracic segment | dorsal | rescuable maternal effect
adult midgut, with Scer\GAL4NP5130
adult midgut enterocyte, with Scer\GAL4NP0001
adult midgut epithelium, with Scer\GAL4esg.PU
adult midgut epithelium, with Scer\GAL4NP0001
adult thorax
adult thorax (with hep1)
adult thorax (with hepr39)
adult thorax (with hepr75)
adult thorax & macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
adult thorax | dorsal
adult thorax | dorsal, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
adult thorax | dorsal | maternal effect
amnioserosa
anterior crossvein, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
anterior crossvein | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
anterior-posterior compartment boundary of the wing disc | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
anterior-posterior compartment boundary of the wing disc | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4ptc.PU
autolysosome | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP
autophagosome | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP
axon & dorsal cluster neuron
axon & dorsal cluster neuron, with Scer\GAL4ato.3.6
axon | somatic clone
basement membrane | pupal stage
cephalopharyngeal skeleton
cephalopharyngeal skeleton | germline clone
chaeta (with hep1)
chaeta (with hepr39)
chaeta (with hepr75)
cuticle & abdomen
cuticle & abdomen | germ-line clone
cuticle & thorax
cuticle & thorax | germ-line clone
cuticle | dorsal | rescuable maternal effect (with hep1)
cuticle | dorsal | rescuable maternal effect (with hepr75)
dorsal appendage
dorsal appendage | maternal effect | somatic clone
dorsal mesothoracic disc & cytoskeleton
egg chamber, with Scer\GAL4GR1
egg chamber | anterior | somatic clone
embryo | dorsal closure stage
embryo | dorsal closure stage | germline clone
embryo | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4nos.PG, Scer\GAL4VP16.nos.UTR, Scer\GAL4VP16.otu
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle, with Scer\GAL469B
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle, with Scer\GAL4arm.PS
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | dorsal
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | dorsal | rescuable maternal effect
embryonic/larval epidermis | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
embryonic/larval fat body | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP
embryonic/larval gut | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP
embryonic dorsal epidermis
embryonic epidermis
embryonic leading edge cell
embryonic leading edge cell, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
embryonic leading edge cell & actin filament
embryonic leading edge cell & filopodium
embryonic leading edge cell | rescuable maternal effect
embryonic leading edge cell | rescuable maternal effect (with hep1)
embryonic leading edge cell | rescuable maternal effect (with hepr75)
embryonic maxillary segment, with Scer\GAL4arm.PS
enteroblast, with Scer\GAL4NP0001
eye
eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
eye, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev
eye, with Scer\GAL4sev.EP
eye, with Scer\GAL4sev.PU
eye | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
eye-antennal disc
eye disc, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
eye disc, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev
eye disc, with Scer\GAL4sev.PU
eye disc | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
eye disc | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4sev.PU
eye photoreceptor cell
female terminalia (with hep1)
female terminalia (with hep699)
follicle cell, with Scer\GAL4GR1
follicle cell | somatic clone
genital disc, with Scer\GAL4Abd-B-LDN
genital disc, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
imaginal disc
interommatidial bristle
interommatidial bristle, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
intestinal stem cell, with Scer\GAL4esg.PU
intestinal stem cell, with Scer\GAL4NP0001
Kenyon cell | somatic clone
lamellocyte, with Scer\GAL4He.PZ
lamellocyte, with Scer\GAL4Hml.PG
lamina
leg
leg | pupal stage
macrochaeta | maternal effect
maxillary palpus (with hep1)
maxillary palpus (with hep699)
melanotic mass, with Scer\GAL4He.PZ
melanotic mass, with Scer\GAL4Hml.PG
mesothoracic tergum
micropyle | maternal effect | somatic clone
morphogenetic furrow | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
neuroblast | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4wor.PA
neuron
ommatidial precursor cluster, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev
ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev
peripodial epithelium & dorsal mesothoracic disc & prepupa
peripodial stalk & dorsal mesothoracic disc & prepupa
pigment cell
scutellum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
thorax
ventral adult lateral neuron & axon, with Scer\GAL4P2.4.Pdf
ventral furrow, with Scer\GAL4twi.PG
ventral thoracic disc
wing
wing, with Scer\GAL4vg.PU
wing | pupal stage
wing | rescuable maternal effect
wing disc
wing disc, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
wing disc | prepupal stage
wing disc | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
wing margin, with Scer\GAL4vg.PU
wing vein, with Scer\GAL4vg.PU
wing vein L5, with Scer\GAL4CY2
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)
Homo sapiens (Human) (9)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Hsap\MAP2K7
12 of 15
Yes
Yes
Hsap\LOC100996792
1 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\MAP2K1
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\MAP2K2
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\MAP2K3
1 of 15
No
No
 
Hsap\MAP2K4
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\MAP2K5
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\MAP2K6
1 of 15
No
No
 
Hsap\STK39
1 of 15
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (8)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Mmus\Map2k7
12 of 15
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Map2k1
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Map2k2
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Map2k3
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Map2k4
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Map2k5
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Map2k6
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Tgfbr3l
1 of 15
No
Yes
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (9)
Rnor\Map2k7
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
Rnor\LOC108348082
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Map2k1
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Map2k2
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Map2k3
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Map2k4
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Map2k5
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Map2k6
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Stk39
1 of 13
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (6)
Xtro\map2k7
9 of 12
Yes
Yes
Xtro\map2k1
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\map2k4
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\map2k5
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\map2k6
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\oxsr1
1 of 12
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (9)
Drer\map2k7
11 of 15
Yes
Yes
Drer\map2k1
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\map2k2a
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\map2k2b
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\map2k4a
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\map2k4b
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\map2k5
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\map2k6
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\stk39
1 of 15
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (10)
Cele\mek-1
11 of 15
Yes
Yes
Cele\jkk-1
5 of 15
No
Yes
Cele\sek-5
3 of 15
No
No
Cele\sek-4
2 of 15
No
No
Cele\F48E3.9
1 of 15
No
Yes
Cele\mek-2
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\mkk-4
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\sek-1
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\sek-3
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\sek-6
1 of 15
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (10)
Atha\MEK1
3 of 9
Yes
No
Atha\MKK2
3 of 9
Yes
No
Atha\MKK3
3 of 9
Yes
No
Atha\MKK4
3 of 9
Yes
No
Atha\MKK5
3 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\MKK6
3 of 9
Yes
No
Atha\MKK7
3 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\MKK8
3 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\MKK9
3 of 9
Yes
No
Atha\MKK10
3 of 9
Yes
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (2)
Scer\PBS2
2 of 15
Yes
No
Scer\MKK2
1 of 15
No
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
Spom\wis1
2 of 12
Yes
No
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG0919034Z )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
AAA Syntenic Ortholog
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Drosophila suzukii
Spotted wing Drosophila
Dsuz\DS10_00006403
Drosophila simulans
Dsim\GD15909
Drosophila sechellia
Dsec\GM11518
Drosophila erecta
Dere\GG19526
Drosophila yakuba
Dyak\GE16180
Drosophila ananassae
Dana\GF20874
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
Dpse\GA22607
Drosophila persimilis
Dper\GL16492
Drosophila willistoni
Dwil\GK25249
Drosophila virilis
Dvir\GJ16904
Drosophila mojavensis
Dmoj\GI16263
Drosophila grimshawi
Dgri\GH24549
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091502RG )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Musca domestica
House fly
Mdoa\17023094
Lucilia cuprina
Australian sheep blowfly
Lcup\FF38_08949
Mayetiola destructor
Hessian fly
Mdes\Mdes007240
Aedes aegypti
Yellow fever mosquito
Aaeg\AAEL015365
Aedes aegypti
Yellow fever mosquito
Aaeg\AAEL003359
Anopheles darlingi
American malaria mosquito
Adar\ADAC009987
Anopheles gambiae
Malaria mosquito
Agam\AGAP001867
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\CPIJ008930
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W02IZ )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Bombyx mori
Silkmoth
Bmor\BGIBMGA007646
Danaus plexippus
Monarch butterfly
Dple\DPOGS208786-PA
Heliconius melpomene
Postman butterfly
Hmel\HMEL004188
Apis florea
Little honeybee
Aflo\3324017332
Apis mellifera
Western honey bee
Amel\GB51894
Bombus impatiens
Common eastern bumble bee
Bimp\BIMP25799
Bombus terrestris
Buff-tailed bumblebee
Bter\15215489
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH21468
Megachile rotundata
Alfalfa leafcutting bee
Mrot\MROTU:0003a0
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG003621
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Mountain pine beetle
Dpod\YQE_11042
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Mountain pine beetle
Dpod\YQE_11041
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Mountain pine beetle
Dpod\YQE_11034
Tribolium castaneum
Red flour beetle
Tcas\hep
Pediculus humanus
Human body louse
Phum\PHUM492330
Rhodnius prolixus
Kissing bug
Rpro\RPRC013126
Cimex lectularius
Bed bug
Clec\CLEC008664
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Pea aphid
Apim\ACYPI005993
Zootermopsis nevadensis
Nevada dampwood termite
Znev\Znev_11882
Zootermopsis nevadensis
Nevada dampwood termite
Znev\Znev_11883
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X06G9 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR004417
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR006177
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR004780
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW023081
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW002764
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW006910
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM69659.1
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM61154.1
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM75651.1
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM75652.1
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM61155.1
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur02g11770
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur43g00210
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_322328
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_32176
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_215363
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091G0A9H )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Map2k4
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Map2k7
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Mkk3/6
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\ENSCING00000002925
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\mapkk4
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\ENSCING00000002692
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\MAP2K4
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\MAP2K3
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\MAP2K6
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v7.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (15)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
orthoMCL
Panther
RoundUp
Alignment
Dsor1
2 of 10
lic
2 of 10
Mkk4
2 of 10
fray
1 of 10
GckIII
1 of 10
hpo
1 of 10
hppy
1 of 10
mbt
1 of 10
Mekk1
1 of 10
msn
1 of 10
Pak3
1 of 10
Pak
1 of 10
Slik
1 of 10
Stlk
1 of 10
Tao
1 of 10
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Model Summary Ribbon
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    hepUAS.cBa
    model of  cancer
    CEA with aPKCCAAXWT.UAS
    (Bunker et al., 2015)
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 4 )
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    MAP2K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7
    12 of 15
    603014
        Functional Complementation Data
        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
        Interactions
        Summary of Physical Interactions
        Summary of Genetic Interactions
        esyN Network Diagram
        esyN Network Key:
        Suppression
        Enhancement
        View in Interactions Browser
        Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        hep
        suppressible
        alph
        (Baril et al., 2009)
        hep
        suppressible
        arm
        (Zhang et al., 2015, Kaltschmidt et al., 2002)
        hep
        suppressible
        Axn
        (Zhang et al., 2015)
        hep
        suppressible
        bsk
        (Ren et al., 2017, Zhang et al., 2015, Mathew et al., 2011, Baril et al., 2009, Cha et al., 2005, Geuking et al., 2005)
        hep
        suppressible
        btl
        (Srahna et al., 2006)
        hep
        suppressible
        cbt
        (Munoz-Descalzo et al., 2005)
        hep
        suppressible
        chic
        (Jasper et al., 2001)
        hep
        enhanceable
        chic
        (Jasper et al., 2001)
        hep
        suppressible
        chm
        (Miotto et al., 2006)
        hep
        suppressible
        Cka
        (Chen et al., 2002)
        Pvr|hep
        suppressible
        Diap1
        (Mathieu et al., 2007)
        hep
        suppressible
        dsh
        (Zhang et al., 2015, Kaltschmidt et al., 2002)
        hep
        suppressible
        ena
        (Rudrapatna et al., 2014)
        hep
        suppressible
        Ets21C
        (Mundorf et al., 2019)
        hep
        enhanceable
        flw
        (Kirchner et al., 2007)
        hep
        suppressible
        foxo
        (Wang et al., 2005)
        hep
        suppressible
        Glyat
        (Ren et al., 2017)
        hep
        enhanceable
        HDAC1
        (Miotto et al., 2006)
        hep
        suppressible
        Jra
        (Miotto et al., 2006, Hou et al., 1997)
        Pvr|hep
        suppressible
        kay
        (Mathieu et al., 2007)
        hep
        suppressible
        kay
        (Meng and Biteau, 2015, Miotto et al., 2006)
        hep
        enhanceable
        lic
        (Sun et al., 2019)
        hep
        suppressible
        Mkk4
        (Geuking et al., 2009)
        hep
        enhanceable
        Mkk4
        (Rallis et al., 2010)
        hep
        suppressible
        NLaz
        (Hull-Thompson et al., 2009)
        hep
        suppressible
        pan
        (Zhang et al., 2015)
        hep
        suppressible
        park
        (Hwang et al., 2010)
        hep
        suppressible
        PEK
        (Wang et al., 2015)
        hep
        enhanceable
        puc
        (Baril et al., 2009, Zeitlinger and Bohmann, 1999)
        hep
        suppressible
        puc
        (Bosch et al., 2005, Wang et al., 2003, Agnes et al., 1999, Zeitlinger and Bohmann, 1999, Martin-Blanco et al., 1998)
        hep
        enhanceable
        pyd
        (Takahashi et al., 1998)
        hep
        suppressible
        Rac1
        (Srahna et al., 2006)
        hep
        suppressible
        sgg
        (Zhang et al., 2015)
        hep
        suppressible
        Sox21a
        (Meng and Biteau, 2015)
        hep
        suppressible
        tsr
        (Rudrapatna et al., 2014)
        hep
        suppressible
        wg
        (Zhang et al., 2015, Kaltschmidt et al., 2002)
        hep
        enhanceable
        Wnt4
        (Sato et al., 2006)
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        alph
        suppressible
        hep
        (Baril et al., 2009)
        Apc2|Apc
        suppressible
        hep
        (Wang et al., 2013)
        arm
        suppressible
        hep
        (McEwen et al., 2000)
        Axud1
        suppressible
        hep
        (Glavic et al., 2009)
        ben
        suppressible
        hep
        (Ma et al., 2014)
        bi
        enhanceable
        hep
        (Adachi-Yamada et al., 1999)
        by
        enhanceable
        hep
        (Lee et al., 2003)
        chm
        enhanceable
        hep
        (Miotto et al., 2006)
        Cka
        suppressible
        hep
        (Chen et al., 2002)
        Dad1
        suppressible
        hep
        (Zhang et al., 2016)
        Daxx
        suppressible
        hep
        (Hwang et al., 2013)
        Daxx
        enhanceable
        hep
        (Hwang et al., 2013)
        dpp
        enhanceable
        hep
        (Adachi-Yamada et al., 1999)
        drpr
        suppressible
        hep
        (Etchegaray et al., 2012)
        dsh
        suppressible
        hep
        (Srahna et al., 2006, Paricio et al., 1999, Boutros et al., 1998)
        ebi
        suppressible
        hep
        (Lim et al., 2012)
        egr
        suppressible
        hep
        (Sun et al., 2019, Geuking et al., 2009, Polaski et al., 2006, Igaki et al., 2002)
        egr
        suppressible
        hep|lic
        (Sun et al., 2019)
        fmt
        suppressible
        hep
        (Ma et al., 2017)
        foxo
        enhanceable
        hep
        (Wang et al., 2005)
        Gadd45
        suppressible
        hep
        (Peretz et al., 2007)
        grnd
        suppressible
        hep
        (Andersen et al., 2015)
        H
        suppressible
        hep
        (Müller et al., 2005)
        InR
        suppressible
        hep
        (Wang et al., 2005)
        L
        suppressible
        hep
        (Singh et al., 2006)
        lace
        suppressible
        hep
        (Adachi-Yamada et al., 1999)
        Lkb1
        suppressible
        hep
        (Lee et al., 2006)
        Lkb1
        enhanceable
        hep
        (Lee et al., 2006)
        Mkk4
        enhanceable
        hep
        (Rallis et al., 2010)
        Mkk4
        suppressible
        hep
        (Rallis et al., 2010)
        msn
        suppressible
        hep
        (Paricio et al., 1999)
        Mtl|Rac1|Rac2
        suppressible
        hep
        (Woolner et al., 2005)
        Myc
        suppressible
        hep
        (de la Cova et al., 2004)
        park
        suppressible
        hep
        (Cha et al., 2005)
        park
        enhanceable
        hep
        (Cha et al., 2005)
        PGRP-LF
        suppressible
        hep
        (Maillet et al., 2008)
        puc
        suppressible
        hep
        (Wang et al., 2003, Weber et al., 2000, Zeitlinger and Bohmann, 1999)
        puc|tkv
        suppressible
        hep
        (Adachi-Yamada et al., 1999)
        Pvf1
        enhanceable
        hep
        (Mathieu et al., 2007)
        Pvr
        enhanceable
        hep
        (Mathieu et al., 2007, Ishimaru et al., 2004)
        Pvr
        suppressible
        hep
        (Bond and Foley, 2012)
        Rab30
        enhanceable
        hep
        (Thomas et al., 2009)
        Rac1
        suppressible
        hep
        (Stronach and Perrimon, 2002, Fanto et al., 2000)
        Raf
        suppressible
        hep
        (Uhlirova et al., 2005)
        Raf|scrib
        suppressible
        hep
        (Uhlirova et al., 2005)
        Rala
        suppressible
        hep
        (Sawamoto et al., 1999)
        Ras85D
        enhanceable
        hep
        (Bangi et al., 2012, Uhlirova and Bohmann, 2006)
        Ras85D|shg
        suppressible
        hep
        (Igaki et al., 2006)
        Rbf
        suppressible
        hep
        (Milet et al., 2014)
        rpr
        suppressible
        hep
        (Kuranaga et al., 2002)
        scrib
        suppressible
        hep
        (Bunker et al., 2015, Wu et al., 2010, Uhlirova et al., 2005)
        Slik
        suppressible
        hep
        (Hipfner and Cohen, 2003)
        slpr
        suppressible
        hep
        (Baril et al., 2009)
        Sox21a
        suppressible
        hep
        (Zhai et al., 2015)
        Src42A
        enhanceable
        hep
        (Tateno et al., 2000)
        Syx7
        suppressible
        hep
        (Andersen et al., 2015)
        Tak1
        suppressible
        hep
        (Xue et al., 2007, Mihaly et al., 2001, Takatsu et al., 2000)
        Tg
        suppressible
        hep
        (Umehara et al., 2010)
        tkv
        enhanceable
        hep
        (Adachi-Yamada et al., 1999)
        tkv
        suppressible
        hep
        (Adachi-Yamada et al., 1999)
        Traf4
        suppressible
        hep
        (Cha et al., 2003, Kuranaga et al., 2002)
        Wnt4
        enhanceable
        hep
        (Sato et al., 2006)
        External Data
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Pathways
        Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
        Pvr Signaling Pathway Core Components -
        PDGF/VEGF (Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)-receptor related (Pvr) encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase activated by the binding of PDGF- and VEGF-related factors (Pvf1,Pvf2 or Pvf3). Pvr has been shown to activate the canonical Ras/Raf/MAP kinase (ERK) cascade, the PI3K kinase pathway, TORC1 (FBrf0222697), Rho family small GTPases (FBrf0221764, FBrf0180198) and the JNK cascade (FBrf0180198), in a context-dependent manner. (Adapted from FBrf0222697 and FBrf0221727).
        Imd Signaling Pathway Core Components -
        The immune deficiency (Imd) pathway primarily mediates the humoral immune response to Gram-negative bacteria. Activation of the Imd pathway by diaminopimelic acid-type peptidoglycan initiates a signaling cascade that ultimately results in the release of the NFκB-like factor Rel from auto-inhibition and its translocation into the nucleus to activate the transcription of antimicrobial peptides. (Adapted from FBrf0224587 and FBrf0238555.)
        Metabolic Pathways
        External Data
        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
        Chromosome (arm)
        X
        Recombination map

        1-41

        Cytogenetic map
        11D10-11D10
        Sequence location
        X:13,079,205..13,090,434 [-]
        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Evidence for location
        11D10-11D10
        Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP1461 and P{EP}CG1640EP1626
        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Notes
        References
        11D1-11D4
        (determined by in situ hybridisation) 11D (determined by in situ hybridisation)
        (Peter et al., 2002)
        11D-11D
        (determined by in situ hybridisation)
        (Schäfer et al., 1999.12.2)
        11D1-11D4
        (determined by in situ hybridisation)
        (Schäfer et al., 1999.12.10)
        11D-11D
        (Noselli, 1994.1.18)
        11D1-11D2
        (Noselli, 1996.4.28)
        11D1-11D2
        (determined by in situ hybridisation)
        (Glise et al., 1995)
        11B12-13F
        (Perrimon et al., 1989)
        Determined by complementation mapping, aberrations not specified.
        (Perrimon et al., 1989)
        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
        Location

        1-41

        (FlyBase, 2016)

        1-41.4

        (Comeron et al., 2012)

        1-

        Left of (cM)
        Right of (cM)
        Notes
        Stocks and Reagents
        Stocks (19)
        Genomic Clones (9)
         

        Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

        cDNA Clones (140)
         

        Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

        cDNA clones, fully sequences
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
         

        polyclonal

        (Rallis et al., 2010)
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Other Information
        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database identify of
        Source for database merge of

        Source for merge of: hep l(1)G0107 l(1)G0208

        (Peter et al., 2002)

        Source for merge of: hep CG2190

        (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)
        Additional comments

        Annotations CG4353 and CG2190 merged as CG4353 in release 3 of the genome annotation.

        (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)
        Other Comments

        Injection of dsRNA targeting hep results in 11.5% embryos showing a dorsal open phenotype.

        (Thomas et al., 2009)

        dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.

        (Kiger et al., 2003)

        dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene is tested in an RNAi screen for effects on actin-based lamella formation.

        (Rogers et al., 2003)

        hep is necessary for actin-cable assembly and actin-based cell process formation in leading edge cells during dorsal closure.

        (Kaltschmidt et al., 2002)

        Shows particularly robust cycling of transcription in adult heads, as assessed by expression analysis using high density oligonucleotide arrays with probe generated during three 12-point time course experiments over the course of 6 days.

        (Claridge-Chang et al., 2001)

        hep is essential for the correct morphogenesis of the dorsal appendage and micropyle.

        (Suzanne et al., 2001)

        hep controls puc expression but not dpp expression in imaginal discs.

        (Agnes et al., 1999)

        hep and the JNK pathway are required for correct morphogenesis of the imaginal discs.

        (Agnes et al., 1999)

        Candidate gene for posterior lobe area quantitative trait locus.

        (Macdonald and Goldstein, 1999)

        Show no or weak ommatidial precursor polarity phenotypes in imaginal tissues.

        (Paricio et al., 1999)

        The JNK pathway (which includes hep) is required for thorax closure during metamorphosis.

        (Zeitlinger and Bohmann, 1999)

        hep is required for normal dpp expression in the leading edge during dorsal closure. puc is both a repressor and a target of hep function in the leading edge. The combined and antagonistic functions of hep and puc maintain appropriate levels of puc and dpp activities in migrating epithelia during dorsal closure. These results indicate a leading edge cell identity and dorsal closure depend on a balance between bsk activation and puc repression.

        (Glise and Noselli, 1997)

        The JNK pathway is conserved between vertebrates and Drosophila and is involved in controlling cell morphogenesis in Drosophila.

        (Riesgo-Escovar et al., 1996)

        Data suggests that hep functions in a novel MAPK pathway controlling puc expression and morphogenetic activity of the dorsal epidermis.

        (Glise et al., 1995)
        Origin and Etymology
        Discoverer
        Etymology
        Identification
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 71 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
        UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
        Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
        GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
        InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
        SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        DPiM - Drosophila Protein interaction map
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
        Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
        InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
        KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.
        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (35)
        Reported As
        Symbol Synonym
        CG2190
        (Claridge-Chang et al., 2001)
        CG4353
        (Butzlaff et al., 2015, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Rogers et al., 2003, Morrison et al., 2000)
        D-MKK7
        (Ryabinina et al., 2006)
        DHEP/MKK7
        (Chen et al., 2002)
        DJNKK
        (Miotto et al., 2006)
        DMKK7
        (Ip and Davis, 1998)
        HEP
        (Udomsinprasert et al., 2004, Weitzman, 2000, Sluss and Davis, 1997)
        HEP/MKK7
        (Bjorklund et al., 2006, Morrison et al., 2000)
        Hep
        (Meng et al., 2020, Cai et al., 2019, Mirzoyan et al., 2019, Toshniwal et al., 2019, Baena-Lopez et al., 2018, Cong et al., 2018, Wang et al., 2018, Yanku et al., 2018, Houtz et al., 2017, Liao et al., 2017, Liu and Jin, 2017, Ma et al., 2017, Ren et al., 2017, Schimizzi et al., 2016, Voelzmann et al., 2016, Bornstein et al., 2015, Meng and Biteau, 2015, Ríos-Barrera et al., 2015, Wang et al., 2015, Wang et al., 2015, Wu et al., 2015, Zhang et al., 2015, Huang et al., 2014, Ma et al., 2014, Schulman et al., 2014, Wang et al., 2014, Karpac et al., 2013, Pechkovsky et al., 2013, Ríos-Barrera and Riesgo-Escovar, 2013, Tang et al., 2013, Vaque et al., 2013, Wang et al., 2013, Zhang et al., 2013, Bangi et al., 2012, Bier and Guichard, 2012, Gistelinck et al., 2012, Kelsey et al., 2012, Lu et al., 2012, Ma et al., 2012, Bangi et al., 2011, Biteau et al., 2011, Jiang et al., 2011, Biteau et al., 2010, Oliva and Sierralta, 2010, Apidianakis et al., 2009, Geuking et al., 2009, Glavic et al., 2009, Igaki et al., 2009, Jiang et al., 2009, Liu et al., 2009, Ohayon et al., 2009, Rodahl et al., 2009, Thomas et al., 2009, Wu et al., 2009, Wu et al., 2009, Llense and Martín-Blanco, 2008, Maillet et al., 2008, Lee et al., 2006, Ryabinina et al., 2006, Sano et al., 2005, Cha et al., 2003)
        Hep/Mkk7
        (Geuking et al., 2009)
        JNKK
        (Mondal et al., 2018, Vaqué et al., 2013, Bangi et al., 2011, Jiang et al., 2011, Gettings et al., 2010, Glavic et al., 2009, Liu et al., 2009, Rodahl et al., 2009, Llense and Martín-Blanco, 2008, Homsy et al., 2006, Delaney et al., 2005, Stronach and Perrimon, 1999)
        Jnkk
        (Stuelten et al., 2018)
        MAP2K7
        (Vaqué et al., 2013)
        MAPKK
        (Yadav et al., 2016, Horiuchi et al., 2007)
        MKK7
        (Galenza and Foley, 2019, Vandenabeele and Bertrand, 2012, Horiuchi et al., 2007, Sathyanarayana et al., 2003)
        Mkk7
        (Geuking et al., 2009)
        dJNKK
        (Bidla et al., 2007)
        dMKK7
        (Bond and Foley, 2012, Bond and Foley, 2009)
        hem
        (Chanut-Delalande et al., 2006)
        hep
        (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2020, Aryal and Lee, 2019, Banerjee et al., 2019, Chai et al., 2019, Chang et al., 2019, FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2019-, Hu and Jasper, 2019, Lee et al., 2019, Luo et al., 2019, Ma et al., 2019, Mishra-Gorur et al., 2019, Mundorf et al., 2019, Sanchez et al., 2019, Sun et al., 2019, Tang et al., 2019, Varga et al., 2019, Wang et al., 2019, Xu et al., 2019, Zhang et al., 2019, Ahmed-de-Prado et al., 2018, Bushnell et al., 2018, Chi et al., 2018, Donohoe et al., 2018, Jeong et al., 2018, Koon et al., 2018, Liu et al., 2018, Mecklenburg et al., 2018, Mondal et al., 2018, Pinal et al., 2018, Richardson and Portela, 2018, Sarkar et al., 2018, Tsai et al., 2018, Yang et al., 2018, Branco et al., 2017, Early et al., 2017, Jordán-Álvarez et al., 2017, Lee et al., 2017, Ma et al., 2017, Martín et al., 2017, Muzzopappa et al., 2017, Aggarwal et al., 2016, Bielmeier et al., 2016, Boone et al., 2016, Diaz-Garcia et al., 2016, Fogarty et al., 2016, Harris et al., 2016, Ma et al., 2016, Willsey et al., 2016, Zhang et al., 2016, Butzlaff et al., 2015, Chen et al., 2015, Doggett et al., 2015, Katsuyama et al., 2015, Legent et al., 2015, Omelyanchuk et al., 2015, Santabárbara-Ruiz et al., 2015, Siudeja et al., 2015, Vlisidou and Wood, 2015, Wang et al., 2015, Zhai et al., 2015, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, Chuang et al., 2014, Fernández et al., 2014, Kuang et al., 2014, Merlo et al., 2014, Milet et al., 2014, Pereira et al., 2014, Rudrapatna et al., 2014, Soares et al., 2014, Sopko et al., 2014, Wong et al., 2014, Hwang et al., 2013, Külshammer and Uhlirova, 2013, Ma et al., 2013, Ma et al., 2013, Pérez-Garijo et al., 2013, Rallis et al., 2013, Vaqué et al., 2013, Webber et al., 2013, Yang et al., 2013, Bangi et al., 2012, Bond and Foley, 2012, Brock et al., 2012, Etchegaray et al., 2012, Gonda et al., 2012, Hainaut et al., 2012, Hong et al., 2012, Lim et al., 2012, Marchal et al., 2012, Yoshioka et al., 2012, Belacortu et al., 2011, Chung et al., 2011, Hong et al., 2011, Jiang et al., 2011, Jungreis et al., 2011, Mathew et al., 2011, Repiso et al., 2011, Sekine et al., 2011, Tare et al., 2011, Zhao et al., 2011, Bergantiños et al., 2010, Blanco et al., 2010, Cobreros-Reguera et al., 2010, Djiane and Mlodzik, 2010, Gettings et al., 2010, Hwang et al., 2010, Kim et al., 2010, Kwon et al., 2010, Lennox and Stronach, 2010, Neisch et al., 2010, Popodi et al., 2010-, Portela et al., 2010, Rallis et al., 2010, Rousset et al., 2010, Umehara et al., 2010, Venken et al., 2010, Wu et al., 2010, Zhang et al., 2010, Baril et al., 2009, Buchon et al., 2009, Cruz et al., 2009, Hill-Burns and Clark, 2009, Hull-Thompson et al., 2009, Karpac et al., 2009, Lee et al., 2009, Pérez-Garijo et al., 2009, Tokusumi et al., 2009, Tuxworth et al., 2009, Ayaz et al., 2008, Biteau et al., 2008, Davis et al., 2008, Domingues and Ryoo, 2008, Fiehler and Wolff, 2008, Jones et al., 2008, Maillet et al., 2008, Pastor-Pareja et al., 2008, Titen and Golic, 2008, Tresch and Markowetz, 2008, Yoshioka et al., 2008, Bidla et al., 2007, Fernández et al., 2007, Horiuchi et al., 2007, Hueber et al., 2007, Kirchner et al., 2007, Lee et al., 2007, Lin et al., 2007, Luo et al., 2007, Mathieu et al., 2007, Montrasio et al., 2007, Muñoz-Descalzo et al., 2007, Peretz et al., 2007, Srivastava et al., 2007, Stronach et al., 2007, Umemori et al., 2007, Valanne et al., 2007, Walther and Pichaud, 2007, Xue et al., 2007, Cerrato et al., 2006, Guichard et al., 2006, Igaki et al., 2006, Igaki et al., 2006, Jordan et al., 2006, Lee et al., 2006, Mulinari et al., 2006, Murray et al., 2006, Park et al., 2006, Polaski et al., 2006, Sato et al., 2006, Singh et al., 2006, Srahna et al., 2006, Uhlirova and Bohmann, 2006, Etter et al., 2005, Gesellchen et al., 2005, Lee et al., 2005, Uhlirova et al., 2005, Pastor-Pareja et al., 2004, Ryoo et al., 2004)
        hep/JNKK
        (Yin et al., 2013)
        hp
        (Noselli et al., 1994, Noselli et al., 1993)
        hrp
        (Wu et al., 2010)
        l(1)7P1
        l(1)G0107
        (Schäfer et al., 1999.12.10)
        l(1)G0208
        (Schäfer et al., 1999.12.2)
        Name Synonyms
        Hemipterous
        (Andersen et al., 2015, Liu et al., 2015, Merkling et al., 2015, Wang et al., 2015, Wang et al., 2014, Ayyaz and Jasper, 2013, Pechkovsky et al., 2013, Bier and Guichard, 2012, Fang and Bonini, 2012, Gistelinck et al., 2012, Igboin et al., 2012, Mathew et al., 2011, Biteau et al., 2010, Neisch et al., 2010, Oliva and Sierralta, 2010, Rallis et al., 2010, Rousset et al., 2010, Glavic et al., 2009, Ohayon et al., 2009, Rodahl et al., 2009, Thomas et al., 2009, Tokusumi et al., 2009, Wu et al., 2009, Guichard et al., 2008, Jones et al., 2008, Llense and Martín-Blanco, 2008, Titen and Golic, 2008, Horiuchi et al., 2007, Guichard et al., 2006, Lee et al., 2006, Ryabinina et al., 2006, Rogers et al., 2003)
        Hemipterus
        (Ahmed-de-Prado and Baonza, 2018, Katsuyama and Paro, 2011)
        Hempiterous
        (Titen and Golic, 2008)
        JNK kinase
        (Rodahl et al., 2009, Eissenberg, 2006)
        JNK-Kinase
        (Glavic et al., 2009)
        JNK-kinase
        (Etter et al., 2005)
        Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7
        (Lee et al., 2010)
        hemipterous
        (Brace and DiAntonio, 2017, Branco et al., 2017, Bielmeier et al., 2016, Hannan et al., 2016, Santabárbara-Ruiz et al., 2015, Zhai et al., 2015, Kuang et al., 2014, Pereira et al., 2014, Soares et al., 2014, Herrera et al., 2013, Karpac et al., 2013, Etchegaray et al., 2012, Gomez et al., 2012, Hainaut et al., 2012, Lu et al., 2012, Pool et al., 2012, Kraut, 2011, Lee et al., 2011, Repiso et al., 2011, Bergantiños et al., 2010, Gettings et al., 2010, Hwang et al., 2010, Lennox and Stronach, 2010, Portela et al., 2010, Rhiner et al., 2010, Buchon et al., 2009, Corl et al., 2009, Cruz et al., 2009, Hill-Burns and Clark, 2009, Jiang et al., 2009, Bakal et al., 2008, Fiehler and Wolff, 2008, Wu et al., 2008, Yoshioka et al., 2008, Bidla et al., 2007, Fernández et al., 2007, Lee et al., 2007, Walther and Pichaud, 2007, Bovolenta et al., 2006, Cerrato et al., 2006, Delaney et al., 2006, Hashimoto and Yamaguchi, 2006, Homsy et al., 2006, Sato et al., 2006, Etter et al., 2005, Lee et al., 2005)
        hemipterus
        (Huang et al., 2014)
        Secondary FlyBase IDs
        • FBgn0013490
        • FBgn0029076
        • FBgn0030446
        • FBgn0040188
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        References (491)