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Gene Dmel\Drs

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Drs	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	Drosomycin	Annotation symbol	CG10810
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0010381
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	1 publicly available
Also Known As	drom, Dros, dmy1
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3L	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	63D2-63D2	Sequence location	3L:3,369,569..3,369,942 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene Drosomycin is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\Drs (CG10810, FBgn0010381). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Its molecular function is unknown. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: defense response to fungus; antifungal humoral response; defense response. 7 alleles are reported. No phenotypic data is available. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: Gamma thionin; Knottin. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of extremely high expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed during early pupal stages, in adult female stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult heart, larval/adult fat body, adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult spermathecae, adult carcass. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult eye, adult crop, adult Malpighian tubules, larval salivary gland. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1635189_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of Drs. Gene sequence location is 3L:3369569..3369942.
External Summaries
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2011_10	References Fellous and Lazzaro, 2011, Mol. Ecol. 20(7): 1558--1567 Clones FI15202
FB2012_01	References Clark et al., 2011, Curr. Biol. 21(19): 1672--1677 Abdelsadik and Roeder, 2010, BMC Genomics 11: 265 Thevenon et al., 2009, Cell Host Microbe 6(4): 309--320 Kim et al., 2010, Exp. Gerontol. 45(12): 984--987 Rao et al., 2011, Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 41(12): 982--992 Sequence features BKN32977 HFA08657
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 63D2-63D2   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}kst01318 and P{PZ}Sc205634
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Drs for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) Drs-RA FBtr0073073  NM_079177   374   70
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein Drs-PA   FBpp0072935   7.8   70   6.98     NP_523901   AAF47767
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Knottin (IPR003614) Gamma thionin (IPR008176) PDB - Protein Data Bank. An information portal to biological macromolecular structures • 1MYN
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE014296 AAF47767   AI260154   AJ885056 CAI76995   AJ885057 CAI77002   AJ885058 CAI77009   AJ885059 CAI77016   AJ885060 CAI77023   AJ885061 CAI77030   AJ885062 CAI77037   AJ885063 CAI77044   AJ885064 CAI77051   AJ885065 CAI77058   AJ885066 CAI77065   AJ885067 CAI77072   AJ885068 CAI77079   AJ885069 CAI77086   AJ885070 CAI77093   AJ885071 CAI77100   AJ885072 CAI77107   AJ885073 CAI77114   AJ885074 CAI77121   AJ885075 CAI77128   AJ885086 CAI77205   AX000938 CAB77106   AY119009 AAM50869   BT128900   CA805659   CK662181   CO179917   CO180413   CO182657   CO184605   CO191939   CO192364   DN154508   EC236856   EC264108   EV575734   EV576248   EV577867   EV577871   EV578474   EV582131   EV583583   EV584656   EV585186   EV585824   EV591921   EV592279   EV592361   EV594383   EV597090   EV597245   EV597514   EV600123   GH957559   GH957919   GH971808   GH976046   X75595 CAA53267
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P41964
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
	Drs protein is induced in hemolymph after bacterial challenge. Time course studies with mass spectrometric analysis show that it is detectable within 6 hours of the challenge, increases substantially between 6hrs and 2 weeks, and is still detected 3 weeks after challenge. The disaccharide form of Drs protein disappears after 2 weeks. (Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0010381    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0010381 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of extremely high expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed during early pupal stages, in adult female stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0010381 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    6 embryo 02-04hr    71 embryo 04-06hr    84 embryo 06-08hr    153 embryo 08-10hr    189 embryo 10-12hr    137 embryo 12-14hr    78 embryo 14-16hr    44 embryo 16-18hr    33 embryo 18-20hr    511 embryo 20-22hr    2067 embryo 22-24hr    3267 larva L1    4020 larva L2    598 larva L3 12hr old    8572 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    9451 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    49611 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    91828 white prepupae new    164512 white prepupae 12hr    106586 white prepupae 24hr    81430 pupae 2d postWPP    64423 pupae 3d postWPP    28769 pupae 4d postWPP    57155 adult male 01day    13796 adult male 05day    8588 adult male 30day    48739 adult female 01day    79332 adult female 05day    47322 adult female 30day    115743 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    6 embryo 02-04hr    71 embryo 04-06hr    84 embryo 06-08hr  (153) embryo 08-10hr  (189) embryo 10-12hr  (137) embryo 12-14hr    78 embryo 14-16hr    44 embryo 16-18hr    33 embryo 18-20hr  (511) embryo 20-22hr  (2067) embryo 22-24hr  (3267) larva L1  (4020) larva L2  (598) larva L3 12hr old  (8572) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (9451) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (49611) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (91828) white prepupae new  (164512) white prepupae 12hr  (106586) white prepupae 24hr  (81430) pupae 2d postWPP  (64423) pupae 3d postWPP  (28769) pupae 4d postWPP  (57155) adult male 01day  (13796) adult male 05day  (8588) adult male 30day  (48739) adult female 01day  (79332) adult female 05day  (47322) adult female 30day  (115743) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    6 embryo 02-04hr    71 embryo 04-06hr    84 embryo 06-08hr    153 embryo 08-10hr    189 embryo 10-12hr    137 embryo 12-14hr    78 embryo 14-16hr    44 embryo 16-18hr    33 embryo 18-20hr    511 embryo 20-22hr  (2067) embryo 22-24hr  (3267) larva L1  (4020) larva L2    598 larva L3 12hr old  (8572) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (9451) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (49611) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (91828) white prepupae new  (164512) white prepupae 12hr  (106586) white prepupae 24hr  (81430) pupae 2d postWPP  (64423) pupae 3d postWPP  (28769) pupae 4d postWPP  (57155) adult male 01day  (13796) adult male 05day  (8588) adult male 30day  (48739) adult female 01day  (79332) adult female 05day  (47322) adult female 30day  (115743) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    6 embryo 02-04hr    71 embryo 04-06hr    84 embryo 06-08hr    153 embryo 08-10hr    189 embryo 10-12hr    137 embryo 12-14hr    78 embryo 14-16hr    44 embryo 16-18hr    33 embryo 18-20hr    511 embryo 20-22hr    2067 embryo 22-24hr    3267 larva L1    4020 larva L2    598 larva L3 12hr old    8572 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    9451 larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (49611) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (91828) white prepupae new  (164512) white prepupae 12hr  (106586) white prepupae 24hr  (81430) pupae 2d postWPP  (64423) pupae 3d postWPP  (28769) pupae 4d postWPP  (57155) adult male 01day  (13796) adult male 05day    8588 adult male 30day  (48739) adult female 01day  (79332) adult female 05day  (47322) adult female 30day  (115743) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    6 embryo 02-04hr    71 embryo 04-06hr    84 embryo 06-08hr    153 embryo 08-10hr    189 embryo 10-12hr    137 embryo 12-14hr    78 embryo 14-16hr    44 embryo 16-18hr    33 embryo 18-20hr    511 embryo 20-22hr    2067 embryo 22-24hr    3267 larva L1    4020 larva L2    598 larva L3 12hr old    8572 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    9451 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    49611 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    91828 white prepupae new    164512 white prepupae 12hr    106586 white prepupae 24hr    81430 pupae 2d postWPP    64423 pupae 3d postWPP    28769 pupae 4d postWPP    57155 adult male 01day    13796 adult male 05day    8588 adult male 30day    48739 adult female 01day    79332 adult female 05day    47322 adult female 30day    115743 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0010381 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    6 embryo 02-04hr    71 embryo 04-06hr    84 embryo 06-08hr    153 embryo 08-10hr    189 embryo 10-12hr    137 embryo 12-14hr    78 embryo 14-16hr    44 embryo 16-18hr    33 embryo 18-20hr    511 embryo 20-22hr    2067 embryo 22-24hr    3267 larva L1    4020 larva L2    598 larva L3 12hr old    8572 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    9451 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    49611 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    91828 white prepupae new    164512 white prepupae 12hr    106586 white prepupae 24hr    81430 pupae 2d postWPP    64423 pupae 3d postWPP    28769 pupae 4d postWPP    57155 adult male 01day    13796 adult male 05day    8588 adult male 30day    48739 adult female 01day    79332 adult female 05day    47322 adult female 30day    115743 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    6 embryo 02-04hr    71 embryo 04-06hr    84 embryo 06-08hr  (153) embryo 08-10hr  (189) embryo 10-12hr  137 embryo 12-14hr    78 embryo 14-16hr    44 embryo 16-18hr    33 embryo 18-20hr  (511) embryo 20-22hr  (2067) embryo 22-24hr  (3267) larva L1  (4020) larva L2  (598) larva L3 12hr old  (8572) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (9451) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (49611) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (91828) white prepupae new  (164512) white prepupae 12hr  (106586) white prepupae 24hr  (81430) pupae 2d postWPP  (64423) pupae 3d postWPP  (28769) pupae 4d postWPP  (57155) adult male 01day  (13796) adult male 05day  (8588) adult male 30day  (48739) adult female 01day  (79332) adult female 05day  (47322) adult female 30day  (115743) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    6 embryo 02-04hr    71 embryo 04-06hr    84 embryo 06-08hr    153 embryo 08-10hr    189 embryo 10-12hr    137 embryo 12-14hr    78 embryo 14-16hr    44 embryo 16-18hr    33 embryo 18-20hr    511 embryo 20-22hr  2067 embryo 22-24hr  (3267) larva L1  (4020) larva L2    598 larva L3 12hr old  (8572) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (9451) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (49611) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (91828) white prepupae new  (164512) white prepupae 12hr  (106586) white prepupae 24hr  (81430) pupae 2d postWPP  (64423) pupae 3d postWPP  (28769) pupae 4d postWPP  (57155) adult male 01day  (13796) adult male 05day  (8588) adult male 30day  (48739) adult female 01day  (79332) adult female 05day  (47322) adult female 30day  (115743) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    6 embryo 02-04hr    71 embryo 04-06hr    84 embryo 06-08hr    153 embryo 08-10hr    189 embryo 10-12hr    137 embryo 12-14hr    78 embryo 14-16hr    44 embryo 16-18hr    33 embryo 18-20hr    511 embryo 20-22hr    2067 embryo 22-24hr    3267 larva L1    4020 larva L2    598 larva L3 12hr old    8572 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    9451 larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (49611) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (91828) white prepupae new  (164512) white prepupae 12hr  (106586) white prepupae 24hr  (81430) pupae 2d postWPP  (64423) pupae 3d postWPP  (28769) pupae 4d postWPP  (57155) adult male 01day  13796 adult male 05day    8588 adult male 30day  (48739) adult female 01day  (79332) adult female 05day  (47322) adult female 30day  (115743) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    6 embryo 02-04hr    71 embryo 04-06hr    84 embryo 06-08hr    153 embryo 08-10hr    189 embryo 10-12hr    137 embryo 12-14hr    78 embryo 14-16hr    44 embryo 16-18hr    33 embryo 18-20hr    511 embryo 20-22hr    2067 embryo 22-24hr    3267 larva L1    4020 larva L2    598 larva L3 12hr old    8572 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    9451 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    49611 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    91828 white prepupae new    164512 white prepupae 12hr    106586 white prepupae 24hr    81430 pupae 2d postWPP    64423 pupae 3d postWPP    28769 pupae 4d postWPP    57155 adult male 01day    13796 adult male 05day    8588 adult male 30day    48739 adult female 01day    79332 adult female 05day    47322 adult female 30day    115743 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data for FBgn0010381    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales max expr for FBgn0010381 Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult heart, larval/adult fat body, adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult spermathecae, adult carcass. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult eye, adult crop, adult Malpighian tubules, larval salivary gland. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (1000 - 25000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0010381 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2.025 Larval Midgut    48.8 Larval Hindgut    85.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules no informative data Larval Fat Body    4593.6 Larval Salivary Gland    114.9 Larval Trachea    737.575 Larval Carcass    84.625 Adult Head    935.2 Adult Eye    432.875 Adult Brain    64.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    54.9 Adult Crop    234 Adult Midgut no informative data Adult Hindgut no informative data Adult Malpighian Tubules    495.3 Adult Fat Body    1456.3 Adult Salivary Gland    9536.1 Adult Heart    690.7 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    4902.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5279 Adult Ovary no informative data Adult Testis    9.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass    1155.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2.025 Larval Midgut    48.8 Larval Hindgut    85.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules no informative data Larval Fat Body  (4593.6) Larval Salivary Gland    114.9 Larval Trachea  (737.575) Larval Carcass    84.625 Adult Head  (935.2) Adult Eye    432.875 Adult Brain    64.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    54.9 Adult Crop    234 Adult Midgut no informative data Adult Hindgut no informative data Adult Malpighian Tubules    495.3 Adult Fat Body  (1456.3) Adult Salivary Gland  (9536.1) Adult Heart  (690.7) Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca  (4902.2) Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca  (5279) Adult Ovary no informative data Adult Testis    9.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass  (1155.9) Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2.025 Larval Midgut    48.8 Larval Hindgut    85.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules no informative data Larval Fat Body  (4593.6) Larval Salivary Gland    114.9 Larval Trachea    737.575 Larval Carcass    84.625 Adult Head    935.2 Adult Eye    432.875 Adult Brain    64.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    54.9 Adult Crop    234 Adult Midgut no informative data Adult Hindgut no informative data Adult Malpighian Tubules    495.3 Adult Fat Body  (1456.3) Adult Salivary Gland  (9536.1) Adult Heart    690.7 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca  (4902.2) Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca  (5279) Adult Ovary no informative data Adult Testis    9.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass  (1155.9) Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2.025 Larval Midgut    48.8 Larval Hindgut    85.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules no informative data Larval Fat Body    4593.6 Larval Salivary Gland    114.9 Larval Trachea    737.575 Larval Carcass    84.625 Adult Head    935.2 Adult Eye    432.875 Adult Brain    64.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    54.9 Adult Crop    234 Adult Midgut no informative data Adult Hindgut no informative data Adult Malpighian Tubules    495.3 Adult Fat Body    1456.3 Adult Salivary Gland    9536.1 Adult Heart    690.7 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    4902.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5279 Adult Ovary no informative data Adult Testis    9.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass    1155.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0010381 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2.025 Larval Midgut    48.8 Larval Hindgut    85.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules no informative data Larval Fat Body    4593.6 Larval Salivary Gland    114.9 Larval Trachea    737.575 Larval Carcass    84.625 Adult Head    935.2 Adult Eye    432.875 Adult Brain    64.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    54.9 Adult Crop    234 Adult Midgut no informative data Adult Hindgut no informative data Adult Malpighian Tubules    495.3 Adult Fat Body    1456.3 Adult Salivary Gland    9536.1 Adult Heart    690.7 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    4902.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5279 Adult Ovary no informative data Adult Testis    9.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass    1155.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2.025 Larval Midgut    48.8 Larval Hindgut    85.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules no informative data Larval Fat Body  (4593.6) Larval Salivary Gland    114.9 Larval Trachea  737.575 Larval Carcass    84.625 Adult Head  (935.2) Adult Eye    432.875 Adult Brain    64.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    54.9 Adult Crop    234 Adult Midgut no informative data Adult Hindgut no informative data Adult Malpighian Tubules    495.3 Adult Fat Body  (1456.3) Adult Salivary Gland  (9536.1) Adult Heart  690.7 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca  (4902.2) Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca  (5279) Adult Ovary no informative data Adult Testis    9.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass  (1155.9) Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2.025 Larval Midgut    48.8 Larval Hindgut    85.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules no informative data Larval Fat Body  (4593.6) Larval Salivary Gland    114.9 Larval Trachea    737.575 Larval Carcass    84.625 Adult Head    935.2 Adult Eye    432.875 Adult Brain    64.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    54.9 Adult Crop    234 Adult Midgut no informative data Adult Hindgut no informative data Adult Malpighian Tubules    495.3 Adult Fat Body  1456.3 Adult Salivary Gland  (9536.1) Adult Heart    690.7 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca  (4902.2) Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca  (5279) Adult Ovary no informative data Adult Testis    9.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass  1155.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    2.025 Larval Midgut    48.8 Larval Hindgut    85.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules no informative data Larval Fat Body    4593.6 Larval Salivary Gland    114.9 Larval Trachea    737.575 Larval Carcass    84.625 Adult Head    935.2 Adult Eye    432.875 Adult Brain    64.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    54.9 Adult Crop    234 Adult Midgut no informative data Adult Hindgut no informative data Adult Malpighian Tubules    495.3 Adult Fat Body    1456.3 Adult Salivary Gland    9536.1 Adult Heart    690.7 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    4902.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5279 Adult Ovary no informative data Adult Testis    9.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass    1155.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules no informative data Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut no informative data Adult Hindgut no informative data Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary no informative data Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    935.2   NA  Eye    432.875   NA  Brain    64.7   2.025  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    54.9   NA  Crop    234   48.8  Midgut    no informative data   85.6  Hindgut    no informative data   no informative data  Malpighian Tubules    495.3   4593.6  Fat Body    1456.3   114.9  Salivary Gland    9536.1   NA  Heart    690.7   737.575  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    4902.2   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5279   NA  Ovary    no informative data   NA  Testis    9.7   NA  Male Accessory Gland    no informative data   84.625  Carcass    1155.9 modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_04
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0010381 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG10810-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele viable, with Scer\GAL4da.G32 DrsScer\UAS.cTa viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 DrsGD507 Other Phenotypes Allele immune response defective, with Scer\GAL4da.G32 DrsScer\UAS.cTa Phenotype manifest in Allele
Classical Alleles ( 0 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of Drs Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 7 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of Drs Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion DrsGD507 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes DrsdsRNA.28-260 in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes DrsdsRNA.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes DrsGD17312 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes DrsScer\UAS.cTa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes DrsT:Avic\GFP-S65T in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes DrsT:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3L)Exel6093 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(3L)Exel6094 (Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD507} NA P{GD17312} NA P{UAS-Drs.T} NA P{UAS-Drs-dsRNA} NA reporter construct P{drom-lacZ} No P{Drs-lacZ.746} No characterization construct P{Drs-GFP.JM612} NA P{Drs-GFP.JM804} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 7 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 4 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
antifungal humoral response inferred from expression pattern (Lemaitre et al., 1997) defense response inferred from direct assay (Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998) defense response to fungus inferred from direct assay (Levashina et al., 1995, Yang et al., 2006) inferred from direct assay AND inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Fehlbaum et al., 1994)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
extracellular region inferred from direct assay (Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 5 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
antibacterial humoral response traceable author statement (Brennan and Anderson, 2004) antifungal humoral response non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1995.6.1) traceable author statement (Brennan and Anderson, 2004) defense response to fungus non-traceable author statement (Kimbrell and Beutler, 2001) traceable author statement (Meister et al., 2000, Chapman, 2001, Silverman, 2003) defense response to Gram-negative bacterium traceable author statement (Brennan and Anderson, 2004) innate immune response non-traceable author statement (Kwiatkowski, 2005)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions Drs allele Gene References
External Data
Linkouts	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0010381 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 38419
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dere\GG15135 Dsec\GM14569 Dsim\Drs Dyak\GE21361
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dere\Drs (Jiggins and Kim, 2005) Dsec\Drs (Dworkin and Jones, 2009) Dsim\Drs (Jiggins and Kim, 2005, Kim, 2005.2.18) Dyak\Drs (Jiggins and Kim, 2005)
Linkouts	InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • RP41318 Caenorhabditis remanei (nematode) RP47442 Caenorhabditis remanei (nematode) OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • FBgn0238623 FBgn0084867 FBgn0169490 FBgn0107388
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 1 )
VDRC	v2703 w1118; P{GD507}v2703
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR17M19 BACR19M09 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 35 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	LP03851
Other clones	FI15202
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	LP22196
Other clones	103118 542648 Dmel_dig_005405_0653_1269 Dmel_dig_006364_0595_2993 Dmel_dig_010277_0624_2785 Dmel_dig_010480_0702_0853 Dmel_dig_012994_0674_2220 Dmel_dig_013430_0592_2451 Dmel_dig_013662_0703_2914 Dmel_dig_017186_0670_1304 Dmel_dig_017901_0588_3414 Dmel_dig_019334_0662_1269 Dmel_neb_011046_0819_3476 Dmel_neb_012030_0832_2737 Dmel_neb_013440_0841_0731 Dmel_neb_013537_0649_3142 Dmel_neb_013562_0636_3150 Dmel_neb_014493_0595_1504 Dmel_neb_014987_0852_3259 Dmel_neb_015331_0583_0999 EC00521 EC01521 EC23593 EC28315 EC32450 EC33583 EN11032 ESG0119a.B21_E07 RP004047771 RP004055754 RP004329158 RP004407185
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0010381 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 38419
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: Drs BcDNA:LP03851 (FlyBase, 1996-)
Additional comments	Source for merge of Drs BcDNA:LP03851 was a shared cDNA (date:030728). (FlyBase, 1996-)
Other Comments
	Purified recombinant Drs shows antifungal activity to all seven tested fungal strains. (Yang et al., 2006) Identified as a gene with significant level of mRNA cycling as assessed by expression analysis using high density oligonucleotide arrays with probe generated from adult heads harvested over six time points over the course of a day. Shows alteration in expression in a Clk mutant background. (McDonald and Rosbash, 2001) Drs expression observed in cact mutants is mediated through Dif. (Rutschmann et al., 2000) A linear activation cascade spz-Tl-cact-dl/Dif leads to the induction of the Drs gene in larval fat body cells. (Manfruelli et al., 1999) Dif and dl are functionally redundant in their ability to control Drs gene expression in larvae. (Manfruelli et al., 1999) Identification: Encodes a protein that is induced by immune challenge. (Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998) Ecol\lacZDpt.PR adults are pricked with a sterile needle dipped in culture pellets of various living microorganisms (distinct bacterial strains, fungal spores or hyphae). Pricking results in a low but clearly detectable expression of all antimicrobial genes and these genes are induced above the background level by specific classes of microorganism. Wild type adults covered with spores of B.bassiana induce a strong and persistent expression of Drs. (Lemaitre et al., 1997) Genes encoding antibacterial peptides are regulated in a manner distinct from that of Drs, encoding the antifungal peptide. The embryonic regulatory pathway, comprising the gene products between spz and cact (Tl, tub and pll) but not the genes acting upstream or downstream (ea and dl), is involved in the induction of the Drs gene in adults. (Lemaitre et al., 1996) 3D structural analysis of Drs, isolated from immune-challenged flies, shows a 44 residue antifungal peptide with four intramolecular disulfide bridges. (Michaut et al., 1996) n contrast to the antibacterial peptides the antifungal peptide Drs remains inducible in a homozygous imd mutant background. These results point to the existance of two different pathways leading to the expression of two types of target genes, encoding either the antibacterial peptides or the antifungal peptide Drs. (Lemaitre et al., 1995) 44 residue peptide is isolated from immuno-challenged insects, Drs. Peptide is synthesised in the fat body and is secreted into the blood. The peptide has potent anti-fungal properties but is inactive against bacteria. (Fehlbaum et al., 1994)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_079177 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_523901 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAF47767 AAM50869 AI260154 AJ885056 AJ885057 AJ885058 AJ885059 AJ885060 AJ885061 AJ885062 AJ885063 AJ885064 AJ885065 AJ885066 AJ885067 AJ885068 AJ885069 AJ885070 AJ885071 AJ885072 AJ885073 AJ885074 AJ885075 AJ885086 AX000938 AY119009 CAA53267 CAB77106 CAI76995 CAI77002 CAI77009 CAI77016 CAI77023 CAI77030 CAI77037 CAI77044 CAI77051 CAI77058 CAI77065 CAI77072 CAI77079 CAI77086 CAI77093 CAI77100 CAI77107 CAI77114 CAI77121 CAI77128 CAI77205 X75595 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 38419 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P41964
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Knottin (IPR003614) Gamma thionin (IPR008176) PDB - Protein Data Bank. An information portal to biological macromolecular structures • 1MYN
Linkouts
	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0010381 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0010381 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0010381 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG10810-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0010381 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 38419 InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • RP41318 Caenorhabditis remanei (nematode) RP47442 Caenorhabditis remanei (nematode) Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /sturtevant/drosomycin1.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 38419 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0010381 OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • FBgn0238623 FBgn0084867 FBgn0169490 FBgn0107388 REDfly - A database of transcriptional regulatory elements. • FBgn0010381
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 26 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	BcDNA:LP03851   CG10810 (Irving et al., 2001, De Gregorio et al., 2001, Wang et al., 2006, Allen and Spradling, 2008, Winterhalter and Fedorka, 2009, Hernandez-Romano et al., 2008, Riedl et al., 2005) Crp   DIM 19 (Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998) dmy1 (Winterhalter and Fedorka, 2009, Marshall and Sinclair, 2010) drm (Mulinari et al., 2006) Drm (Mulinari et al., 2006) DRO (Yount, 2004) drom (Chiu et al., 2005, Munier et al., 2004, Georgel et al., 2001, Leulier et al., 2000, Manfruelli et al., 1999) Drom (Zambon et al., 2005, Ligoxygakis et al., 2001, Boulanger et al., 2001, Braun et al., 1998, Nicolas et al., 1998, Lemaitre et al., 1997, Lemaitre et al., 1996, Aymeric et al., 2010) DROM (Tzou et al., 2000) Dros (Obbard et al., 2006, Chen et al., 2010, Chen et al., 2010) Droso (Cheng et al., 2011) Drs (Bhaskar et al., 2002, Sackton and Clark, 2009, Shin, 2005, Scherfer et al., 2006, Chien, 2006, Kocks et al., 2005, Yang et al., 2006, Tang et al., 2006, Brun et al., 2006, Kleino et al., 2008, Blanco et al., 2010, Goto et al., 2003, Harari-Steinberg et al., 2007, Ryu et al., 2004, Goto et al., 2008, Leulier et al., 2006, Ryu et al., 2008, Tsichritzis et al., 2007, Bergeret et al., 2008, Busse et al., 2007, Tang et al., 2008, Kwon et al., 2008, Reed et al., 2008, Kim et al., 2007, McGraw et al., 2008, Scherfer et al., 2008, Yajima et al., 2003, Buchon et al., 2009, Diangelo et al., 2009, Deddouche et al., 2008, Laayouni et al., 2007, Leulier et al., 2003, Soukup et al., 2009, Prokupek et al., 2009, Han et al., 2004, Stramer et al., 2008, Flatt et al., 2008, Dierick and Greenspan, 2006, Chamilos et al., 2008, Buchon et al., 2009, Thoetkiattikul et al., 2005, Betz and Darnell, 2006, Ahmad et al., 2009, Tauszig-Delamasure et al., 2002, Leulier et al., 2003, Bischoff et al., 2004, Kaneko et al., 2006, El Chamy et al., 2008, Galac and Lazzaro, 2011, Becker et al., 2010, Curtis et al., 2007, Clark et al., 2011, Sackton et al., 2010, Mrinal and Nagaraju, 2010, Radyuk et al., 2010, Zaidman-Rémy et al., 2011, Glittenberg et al., 2011, Glittenberg et al., 2011, Riedl et al., 2005, Thevenon et al., 2009, Kim et al., 2010) drs (Guntermann et al., 2009, Ligoxygakis et al., 2003, Ligoxygakis et al., 2002, McDonald and Rosbash, 2001, Lemaitre, 2000.12.20, Yang et al., 2006, Lee and Edery, 2008, Brown et al., 2009, Wang et al., 2008, Shia et al., 2009, Becker et al., 2010, Zsindely et al., 2009, Abdelsadik and Roeder, 2010) DRS (Kwiatkowski, 2005, Cohen et al., 2009) drsm (Wu et al., 2001)
Name Synonym	cysteine-rich peptide (Hetru, 1993.11.3) Cysteine-rich-protein   Drosomcycin (Soukup and Gubb, 2007, Carpenter et al., 2009) drosomyci (Marshall and Sinclair, 2010) drosomycin (Bhaskar et al., 2002, Okado et al., 2009, Guntermann et al., 2009, Delaney et al., 2005, Leclerc and Reichhart, 2004, Ip et al., 2004, Janssens and Beyaert, 2003, Kurz and Ewbank, 2003, Janssens and Beyaert, 2002, Kambris et al., 2003, Mukae et al., 2002, Reichhart et al., 1998, Ferrandon et al., 1997, Agaisse et al., 2003, Weber et al., 2003, Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998, Fehlbaum et al., 1994, Ferrarese et al., 2007, Chen et al., 2006, Cha et al., 2003, Kim et al., 2006, Park et al., 2003, Harari-Steinberg et al., 2007, Ratnaparkhi and Courey, 2008, Ryu et al., 2004, Avet-Rochex et al., 2007, Goldman and Arbeitman, 2007, Busse et al., 2007, Hallem et al., 2007, Park et al., 2007, Lee and Edery, 2008, Xylourgidis et al., 2006, Saleh et al., 2009, Brown et al., 2009, Carrera et al., 2008, Laayouni et al., 2007, Ooi et al., 2002, Bhattacharya and Steward, 2002, Stramer et al., 2008, Luo et al., 2001, Ren et al., 2007, Kapelnikov et al., 2008, Cohen et al., 2009, Ahmad et al., 2009, Sackton et al., 2007, Shia et al., 2009, Tauszig-Delamasure et al., 2002, Leulier et al., 2003, Kaneko et al., 2006, Mrinal and Nagaraju, 2010, Radyuk et al., 2010) Drosomycin (Kambris et al., 2006, Wang et al., 2006, Pal et al., 2007, Zhou et al., 2005, Scherfer et al., 2006, Chien, 2006, Wang et al., 2006, Yang et al., 2006, Mulinari et al., 2006, Kambris et al., 2006, Cheng et al., 2011, Wu and Silverman, 2007, Jang et al., 2006, Kleino et al., 2008, Waterhouse et al., 2007, Rutschmann et al., 2000, Matova and Anderson, 2006, Huh et al., 2007, Avila et al., 2002, Chen et al., 2002, Sano et al., 2005, Tang et al., 2008, Soukup and Gubb, 2008, Taylor and Kimbrell, 2007, Goto et al., 2008, Leulier et al., 2006, Tanji et al., 2007, Peretz et al., 2007, Ryu et al., 2008, Tsichritzis et al., 2007, Bergeret et al., 2008, Tang et al., 2008, Kim et al., 2007, Reed et al., 2008, McGraw et al., 2008, Wu et al., 2007, Yajima et al., 2003, Diangelo et al., 2009, Deddouche et al., 2008, Ligoxygakis et al., 2002, Leulier et al., 2003, Roxstrom-Lindquist et al., 2004, Charroux and Royet, 2009, Soukup et al., 2009, Han et al., 2004, Gesellchen et al., 2005, Leclerc et al., 2006, Flatt et al., 2008, Gao and Zhu, 2008, Ayres and Schneider, 2009, Scherfer et al., 2008, Buchon et al., 2009, Fellous and Lazzaro, 2011, Costa et al., 2009, Bischoff et al., 2004, El Chamy et al., 2008, Haghayeghi et al., 2010, Libert et al., 2006, Beckstead et al., 2005, Goto et al., 2010, Becker et al., 2010, Huang et al., 2010, Zhao et al., 2010, Tanji et al., 2010, Clark et al., 2011, Valanne et al., 2010, Kallio et al., 2010, Wang et al., 2011, Chen et al., 2010, Aymeric et al., 2010, Paddibhatla et al., 2010, Zaidman-Rémy et al., 2011, Schmidt et al., 2008, Johansson et al., 2005, Kim et al., 2010) Drosomycin precursor (Hernandez-Romano et al., 2008) Drosomyocin (Prokupek et al., 2009) Drosophila Immune induced molecule 19 (Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0063123
References ( 304 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 304 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 218 ) Supplementary material  ( 7 ) Review  ( 35 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 4 ) Abstract  ( 29 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 2 ) Conference report  ( 1 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Computer file  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 1 ) Automatic genome annotation  ( 1 ) Patent  ( 1 ) Letter  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 29 )
	Cheng et al., 2011, Int. J. Immunogenet. 38(4): 331--337 Coenzyme Q plays opposing roles on bacteria/fungi and viruses in Drosophila innate immunity. [FBrf0214057] Clark et al., 2011, Curr. Biol. 21(19): 1672--1677 Multiple TGF-β Superfamily Signals Modulate the Adult Drosophila Immune Response. [FBrf0216429] Fellous and Lazzaro, 2011, Mol. Ecol. 20(7): 1558--1567 Potential for evolutionary coupling and decoupling of larval and adult immune gene expression. [FBrf0214398] Galac and Lazzaro, 2011, Microbes Infect. 13(7): 673--683 Comparative pathology of bacteria in the genus Providencia to a natural host, Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0214338] Glittenberg et al., 2011, Dis. Model Mech. 4(4): 515--525 Pathogen and host factors are needed to provoke a systemic host response to gastrointestinal infection of Drosophila larvae by Candida albicans. [FBrf0214008] Glittenberg et al., 2011, Dis. Model Mech. 4(4): 504--514 Wild-type Drosophila melanogaster as an alternative model system for investigating the pathogenicity of Candida albicans. [FBrf0214028] Herren and Lemaitre, 2011, Cell. Microbiol. 13(9): 1385--1396 Spiroplasma and host immunity: activation of humoral immune responses increases endosymbiont load and susceptibility to certain Gram-negative bacterial pathogens in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0214693] Narbonne-Reveau et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(2): e17470 Lack of an antibacterial response defect in Drosophila toll-9 mutant. [FBrf0213211] Rao et al., 2011, Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 41(12): 982--992 Manduca sexta moricin promoter elements can increase promoter activities of Drosophila melanogaster antimicrobial peptide genes. [FBrf0216595] Wang et al., 2011, Dev. Comp. Immunol. 35(1): 105--114 Litopenaeus vannamei tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) responds to Vibrio alginolyticus and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection and activates antimicrobial peptide genes. [FBrf0212046] Zaidman-Rémy et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(2): e17231 Drosophila Immunity: Analysis of PGRP-SB1 Expression, Enzymatic Activity and Function. [FBrf0213192] Abdelsadik and Roeder, 2010, BMC Genomics 11: 265 Chronic activation of the epithelial immune system of the fruit fly's salivary glands has a negative effect on organismal growth and induces a peculiar set of target genes. [FBrf0214863] Aymeric et al., 2010, Molec. Immunol. 47(14): 2342--2348 Imd pathway is involved in the interaction of Drosophila melanogaster with the entomopathogenic bacteria, Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus luminescens. [FBrf0211463] Becker et al., 2010, Nature 463(7279): 369--373 FOXO-dependent regulation of innate immune homeostasis. [FBrf0209804] Blanco et al., 2010, BMC Dev. Biol. 10: 94 Gene expression following induction of regeneration in Drosophila wing imaginal discs. Expression profile of regenerating wing discs. [FBrf0211812] Chen et al., 2010, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107(48): 20774--20779 Participation of the p38 pathway in Drosophila host defense against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. [FBrf0212390] Goto et al., 2010, J. Biol. Chem. 285(21): 15731--15738 Cooperative regulation of the induction of the novel antibacterial Listericin by peptidoglycan recognition protein LE and the JAK-STAT pathway. [FBrf0210770] Haghayeghi et al., 2010, Mech. Dev. 127(5-6): 301--307 Pellino enhances innate immunity in Drosophila. [FBrf0210800] Huang et al., 2010, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107(18): 8322--8327 Endocytic pathway is required for Drosophila Toll innate immune signaling. [FBrf0210737] Kallio et al., 2010, FASEB J. 24(11): 4467--4479 Eye transformer is a negative regulator of Drosophila JAK/STAT signaling. [FBrf0212202] Kim et al., 2010, Exp. Gerontol. 45(12): 984--987 Enhancement of stress resistances and downregulation of Imd pathway by lower developmental temperature in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0212401] Marshall and Sinclair, 2010, Proc. Biol. Sci. 277(1683): 963--969 Repeated stress exposure results in a survival-reproduction trade-off in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0209895] Mrinal and Nagaraju, 2010, J. Biol. Chem. 285(31): 24206--24216 Dynamic Repositioning of Dorsal to Two Different {kappa}B Motifs Controls Its Autoregulation during Immune Response in Drosophila. [FBrf0211351] Paddibhatla et al., 2010, PLoS Pathog. 6(12): e1001234 Role for sumoylation in systemic inflammation and immune homeostasis in Drosophila larvae. [FBrf0212643] Radyuk et al., 2010, Biochim. biophys. Acta 1800(11): 1153--1163 Peroxiredoxin 5 modulates immune response in Drosophila. [FBrf0211669] Sackton et al., 2010, PLoS Genet. 6(1): e1000797 Genotype and gene expression associations with immune function in Drosophila. [FBrf0209684] Tanji et al., 2010, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107(33): 14715--14720 Heterodimers of NF-{kappa}B transcription factors DIF and Relish regulate antimicrobial peptide genes in Drosophila. [FBrf0211616] Valanne et al., 2010, J. Immunol. 184(11): 6188--6198 Genome-wide RNA interference in Drosophila cells identifies G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 as a conserved regulator of NF-kappaB signaling. [FBrf0210846] Zhao et al., 2010, PLoS ONE 5(7): e11701 Experimental selection for Drosophila survival in extremely high o(2) environments. [FBrf0211379] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2010 Show reviews ...