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Gene Dmel\Dro

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Dro	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	Drosocin	Annotation symbol	CG10816
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0010388
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	2 publicly available
Also Known As	Drc, drosocin, Dros
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2R	Recombination map	2-
Cytogenetic map	51C1-51C1	Sequence location	2R:10,633,466..10,634,219 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene Drosocin is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\Dro (CG10816, FBgn0010388). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Its molecular function is unknown. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: defense response to Gram-positive bacterium; defense response to Gram-negative bacterium; defense response; antibacterial humoral response. 5 alleles are reported. No phenotypic data is available. It has 2 annotated transcripts and 2 annotated polypeptides. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of no expression detected. Peak expression observed at stages throughout the pupal period, in stages of adults of both sexes. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Little or no expression detected in any larval or adult organs/tissues. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1631697_at partially aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of Dro: 6 out of 14 probes fall into this exonic region. Gene sequence location is 2R:10633466..10634219.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
Update Feed	Click the icon below to subscribe to this FlyBase record and receive updates automatically through your feed reader.
FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 51C1-51C1   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}ttvk03617&P{EP}ttvEP765 and P{lacW}Rpn6k00103
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 51C1-51C6     (Meister, 1996.6.11) 51C1-51C6   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Charlet et al., 1996)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	2- (Meister, 1996.6.11)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Dro for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.40 Gene model reviewed during 5.50
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) Dro-RA FBtr0087436  NM_079020   355   64 Dro-RB FBtr0309055  NM_001259395   754   64
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein Dro-PA   FBpp0086566   7.1   64   11.81     NP_523744   AAF58216 Dro-PB   FBpp0301076   7.1   64   11.81     NP_001246324   AFH08078
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE013599 AAF58216   AE013599 AFH08078   AY113579 AAM29584   AY224606 AAO72465   AY224607 AAO72466   AY224608 AAO72467   AY224609 AAO72468   AY224610 AAO72469   AY224611 AAO72470   AY224612 AAO72471   AY224613 AAO72472   AY224614 AAO72473   AY224615 AAO72474   AY224616 AAO72475   AY224617 AAO72476   AY224643 AAO72502   AY224644 AAO72503   AY224645 AAO72504   AY224646 AAO72505   AY224647 AAO72506   AY224648 AAO72507   AY224649 AAO72508   AY224650 AAO72509   AY224651 AAO72510   AY224652 AAO72511   AY224653 AAO72512   AY224654 AAO72513   AY224655 AAO72514   AY224656 AAO72515   AY224657 AAO72516   AY224658 AAO72517   AY224659 AAO72518   AY224660 AAO72519   AY224661 AAO72520   AY224662 AAO72521   BI588450   BI589256   CA806056   CO153878   CO153970   CO155920   CO336155   EC261849   EC263228   EC265517   EC267335   EC267551   X98416 CAA67062   Z21942 CAA79936
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P36193
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
extracellular region inferred from direct assay (Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Little or no expression detected in any larval or adult organs/tissues. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    4.175 Larval Midgut    2 Larval Hindgut    11.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3.1 Larval Fat Body    38.3 Larval Salivary Gland    8 Larval Trachea    16.425 Larval Carcass    16.225 Adult Head    48 Adult Eye    74.425 Adult Brain    13.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    9.3 Adult Crop    6.4 Adult Midgut    5.8 Adult Hindgut    13.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    10.7 Adult Fat Body    33.3 Adult Salivary Gland    11.5 Adult Heart    5.5 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    40.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    25.5 Adult Ovary    7.8 Adult Testis    1.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    6.5 Adult Carcass    39.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    4.175 Larval Midgut    2 Larval Hindgut    11.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3.1 Larval Fat Body    38.3 Larval Salivary Gland    8 Larval Trachea    16.425 Larval Carcass    16.225 Adult Head    48 Adult Eye    74.425 Adult Brain    13.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    9.3 Adult Crop    6.4 Adult Midgut    5.8 Adult Hindgut    13.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    10.7 Adult Fat Body    33.3 Adult Salivary Gland    11.5 Adult Heart    5.5 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    40.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    25.5 Adult Ovary    7.8 Adult Testis    1.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    6.5 Adult Carcass    39.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    4.175 Larval Midgut    2 Larval Hindgut    11.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3.1 Larval Fat Body    38.3 Larval Salivary Gland    8 Larval Trachea    16.425 Larval Carcass    16.225 Adult Head    48 Adult Eye    74.425 Adult Brain    13.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    9.3 Adult Crop    6.4 Adult Midgut    5.8 Adult Hindgut    13.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    10.7 Adult Fat Body    33.3 Adult Salivary Gland    11.5 Adult Heart    5.5 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    40.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    25.5 Adult Ovary    7.8 Adult Testis    1.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    6.5 Adult Carcass    39.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    4.175 Larval Midgut    2 Larval Hindgut    11.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3.1 Larval Fat Body    38.3 Larval Salivary Gland    8 Larval Trachea    16.425 Larval Carcass    16.225 Adult Head    48 Adult Eye    74.425 Adult Brain    13.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    9.3 Adult Crop    6.4 Adult Midgut    5.8 Adult Hindgut    13.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    10.7 Adult Fat Body    33.3 Adult Salivary Gland    11.5 Adult Heart    5.5 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    40.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    25.5 Adult Ovary    7.8 Adult Testis    1.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    6.5 Adult Carcass    39.3 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    4.175 Larval Midgut    2 Larval Hindgut    11.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3.1 Larval Fat Body    38.3 Larval Salivary Gland    8 Larval Trachea    16.425 Larval Carcass    16.225 Adult Head    48 Adult Eye    74.425 Adult Brain    13.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    9.3 Adult Crop    6.4 Adult Midgut    5.8 Adult Hindgut    13.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    10.7 Adult Fat Body    33.3 Adult Salivary Gland    11.5 Adult Heart    5.5 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    40.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    25.5 Adult Ovary    7.8 Adult Testis    1.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    6.5 Adult Carcass    39.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    4.175 Larval Midgut    2 Larval Hindgut    11.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3.1 Larval Fat Body    38.3 Larval Salivary Gland    8 Larval Trachea    16.425 Larval Carcass    16.225 Adult Head    48 Adult Eye    74.425 Adult Brain    13.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    9.3 Adult Crop    6.4 Adult Midgut    5.8 Adult Hindgut    13.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    10.7 Adult Fat Body    33.3 Adult Salivary Gland    11.5 Adult Heart    5.5 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    40.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    25.5 Adult Ovary    7.8 Adult Testis    1.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    6.5 Adult Carcass    39.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    4.175 Larval Midgut    2 Larval Hindgut    11.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3.1 Larval Fat Body    38.3 Larval Salivary Gland    8 Larval Trachea    16.425 Larval Carcass    16.225 Adult Head    48 Adult Eye    74.425 Adult Brain    13.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    9.3 Adult Crop    6.4 Adult Midgut    5.8 Adult Hindgut    13.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    10.7 Adult Fat Body    33.3 Adult Salivary Gland    11.5 Adult Heart    5.5 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    40.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    25.5 Adult Ovary    7.8 Adult Testis    1.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    6.5 Adult Carcass    39.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    4.175 Larval Midgut    2 Larval Hindgut    11.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3.1 Larval Fat Body    38.3 Larval Salivary Gland    8 Larval Trachea    16.425 Larval Carcass    16.225 Adult Head    48 Adult Eye    74.425 Adult Brain    13.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    9.3 Adult Crop    6.4 Adult Midgut    5.8 Adult Hindgut    13.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    10.7 Adult Fat Body    33.3 Adult Salivary Gland    11.5 Adult Heart    5.5 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    40.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    25.5 Adult Ovary    7.8 Adult Testis    1.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    6.5 Adult Carcass    39.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    48   NA  Eye    74.425   NA  Brain    no informative data   4.175  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    9.3   NA  Crop    6.4   2  Midgut    5.8   11.7  Hindgut    no informative data   3.1  Malpighian Tubules    no informative data   no informative data  Fat Body    no informative data   8  Salivary Gland    no informative data   NA  Heart    5.5   no informative data  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    40.7   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    25.5   NA  Ovary    7.8   NA  Testis    1.3   NA  Male Accessory Gland    6.5   no informative data  Carcass    no informative data FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    1 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    12 head, virgin 4-day female    129 head, virgin 20-day female    432 head, mated 1-day female    35 head, mated 4-day female    87 head, mated 20-day female    499 head, mated 1-day male    23 head, mated 4-day male    57 head, mated 20-day male    256 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    22 digestive system, 4-day adult    4 digestive system, 20-day adult    56 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    57 fat body, white prepupae    10 fat body, pupae P8    46 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    7 carcass, 1-day adult    171 carcass, 4-day adult    120 carcass, 20-day adult    688 ovary, virgin 4-day female    4 ovary, mated 4-day female    3 testis, mated 4-day male    4 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    1 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    12 head, virgin 4-day female  (129) head, virgin 20-day female  (432) head, mated 1-day female  (35) head, mated 4-day female  (87) head, mated 20-day female  (499) head, mated 1-day male    23 head, mated 4-day male  (57) head, mated 20-day male  (256) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    22 digestive system, 4-day adult    4 digestive system, 20-day adult  (56) fat body, larvae L3 wandering  (57) fat body, white prepupae    10 fat body, pupae P8  (46) carcass, larvae L3 wandering    7 carcass, 1-day adult  (171) carcass, 4-day adult  (120) carcass, 20-day adult  (688) ovary, virgin 4-day female    4 ovary, mated 4-day female    3 testis, mated 4-day male    4 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    1 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    12 head, virgin 4-day female  (129) head, virgin 20-day female  (432) head, mated 1-day female    35 head, mated 4-day female    87 head, mated 20-day female  (499) head, mated 1-day male    23 head, mated 4-day male    57 head, mated 20-day male  (256) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    22 digestive system, 4-day adult    4 digestive system, 20-day adult    56 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    57 fat body, white prepupae    10 fat body, pupae P8    46 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    7 carcass, 1-day adult  (171) carcass, 4-day adult  (120) carcass, 20-day adult  (688) ovary, virgin 4-day female    4 ovary, mated 4-day female    3 testis, mated 4-day male    4 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    1 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    12 head, virgin 4-day female    129 head, virgin 20-day female    432 head, mated 1-day female    35 head, mated 4-day female    87 head, mated 20-day female    499 head, mated 1-day male    23 head, mated 4-day male    57 head, mated 20-day male    256 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    22 digestive system, 4-day adult    4 digestive system, 20-day adult    56 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    57 fat body, white prepupae    10 fat body, pupae P8    46 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    7 carcass, 1-day adult    171 carcass, 4-day adult    120 carcass, 20-day adult    688 ovary, virgin 4-day female    4 ovary, mated 4-day female    3 testis, mated 4-day male    4 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    1 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    12 head, virgin 4-day female    129 head, virgin 20-day female    432 head, mated 1-day female    35 head, mated 4-day female    87 head, mated 20-day female    499 head, mated 1-day male    23 head, mated 4-day male    57 head, mated 20-day male    256 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    22 digestive system, 4-day adult    4 digestive system, 20-day adult    56 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    57 fat body, white prepupae    10 fat body, pupae P8    46 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    7 carcass, 1-day adult    171 carcass, 4-day adult    120 carcass, 20-day adult    688 ovary, virgin 4-day female    4 ovary, mated 4-day female    3 testis, mated 4-day male    4 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    1 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    12 head, virgin 4-day female  (129) head, virgin 20-day female  (432) head, mated 1-day female  (35) head, mated 4-day female  (87) head, mated 20-day female  (499) head, mated 1-day male    23 head, mated 4-day male  (57) head, mated 20-day male  (256) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    22 digestive system, 4-day adult    4 digestive system, 20-day adult  (56) fat body, larvae L3 wandering  (57) fat body, white prepupae    10 fat body, pupae P8  (46) carcass, larvae L3 wandering    7 carcass, 1-day adult  (171) carcass, 4-day adult  (120) carcass, 20-day adult  (688) ovary, virgin 4-day female    4 ovary, mated 4-day female    3 testis, mated 4-day male    4 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    1 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    12 head, virgin 4-day female  129 head, virgin 20-day female  (432) head, mated 1-day female    35 head, mated 4-day female    87 head, mated 20-day female  (499) head, mated 1-day male    23 head, mated 4-day male    57 head, mated 20-day male  (256) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    22 digestive system, 4-day adult    4 digestive system, 20-day adult    56 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    57 fat body, white prepupae    10 fat body, pupae P8    46 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    7 carcass, 1-day adult  (171) carcass, 4-day adult  120 carcass, 20-day adult  (688) ovary, virgin 4-day female    4 ovary, mated 4-day female    3 testis, mated 4-day male    4 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    1 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    12 head, virgin 4-day female    129 head, virgin 20-day female    432 head, mated 1-day female    35 head, mated 4-day female    87 head, mated 20-day female    499 head, mated 1-day male    23 head, mated 4-day male    57 head, mated 20-day male    256 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    22 digestive system, 4-day adult    4 digestive system, 20-day adult    56 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    57 fat body, white prepupae    10 fat body, pupae P8    46 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    7 carcass, 1-day adult    171 carcass, 4-day adult    120 carcass, 20-day adult    688 ovary, virgin 4-day female    4 ovary, mated 4-day female    3 testis, mated 4-day male    4 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of no expression detected. Peak expression observed at stages throughout the pupal period, in stages of adults of both sexes. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    0 embryo 18-20hr    0 embryo 20-22hr    0 embryo 22-24hr    0 larva L1    2 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    7 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    27 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    60 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    36 white prepupae new    45 white prepupae 12hr    127 white prepupae 24hr    84 pupae 2d postWPP    67 pupae 3d postWPP    21 pupae 4d postWPP    58 adult male 01day    33 adult male 05day    24 adult male 30day    127 adult female 01day    236 adult female 05day    99 adult female 30day    323 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    0 embryo 18-20hr    0 embryo 20-22hr    0 embryo 22-24hr    0 larva L1    2 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    7 larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (27) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (60) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (36) white prepupae new  (45) white prepupae 12hr  (127) white prepupae 24hr  (84) pupae 2d postWPP  (67) pupae 3d postWPP    21 pupae 4d postWPP  (58) adult male 01day  (33) adult male 05day    24 adult male 30day  (127) adult female 01day  (236) adult female 05day  (99) adult female 30day  (323) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    0 embryo 18-20hr    0 embryo 20-22hr    0 embryo 22-24hr    0 larva L1    2 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    7 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    27 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    60 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    36 white prepupae new    45 white prepupae 12hr  (127) white prepupae 24hr    84 pupae 2d postWPP    67 pupae 3d postWPP    21 pupae 4d postWPP    58 adult male 01day    33 adult male 05day    24 adult male 30day  (127) adult female 01day  (236) adult female 05day    99 adult female 30day  (323) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    0 embryo 18-20hr    0 embryo 20-22hr    0 embryo 22-24hr    0 larva L1    2 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    7 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    27 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    60 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    36 white prepupae new    45 white prepupae 12hr    127 white prepupae 24hr    84 pupae 2d postWPP    67 pupae 3d postWPP    21 pupae 4d postWPP    58 adult male 01day    33 adult male 05day    24 adult male 30day    127 adult female 01day    236 adult female 05day    99 adult female 30day    323 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    0 embryo 18-20hr    0 embryo 20-22hr    0 embryo 22-24hr    0 larva L1    2 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    7 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    27 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    60 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    36 white prepupae new    45 white prepupae 12hr    127 white prepupae 24hr    84 pupae 2d postWPP    67 pupae 3d postWPP    21 pupae 4d postWPP    58 adult male 01day    33 adult male 05day    24 adult male 30day    127 adult female 01day    236 adult female 05day    99 adult female 30day    323 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    0 embryo 18-20hr    0 embryo 20-22hr    0 embryo 22-24hr    0 larva L1    2 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    7 larva L3 puffstage 1-2  27 larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (60) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (36) white prepupae new  (45) white prepupae 12hr  (127) white prepupae 24hr  (84) pupae 2d postWPP  (67) pupae 3d postWPP    21 pupae 4d postWPP  (58) adult male 01day  (33) adult male 05day    24 adult male 30day  (127) adult female 01day  (236) adult female 05day  (99) adult female 30day  (323) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    0 embryo 18-20hr    0 embryo 20-22hr    0 embryo 22-24hr    0 larva L1    2 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    7 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    27 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    60 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    36 white prepupae new    45 white prepupae 12hr  127 white prepupae 24hr    84 pupae 2d postWPP    67 pupae 3d postWPP    21 pupae 4d postWPP    58 adult male 01day    33 adult male 05day    24 adult male 30day  127 adult female 01day  (236) adult female 05day    99 adult female 30day  (323) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    0 embryo 18-20hr    0 embryo 20-22hr    0 embryo 22-24hr    0 larva L1    2 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    7 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    27 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    60 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    36 white prepupae new    45 white prepupae 12hr    127 white prepupae 24hr    84 pupae 2d postWPP    67 pupae 3d postWPP    21 pupae 4d postWPP    58 adult male 01day    33 adult male 05day    24 adult male 30day    127 adult female 01day    236 adult female 05day    99 adult female 30day    323 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    397 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    6 wing disc CME-W2    22 wing disc ML-DmD8    1 wing disc ML-DmD9    1 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    3 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    27 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    186 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    27 tumorous blood cells mbn2    1 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1  (397) embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    6 wing disc CME-W2    22 wing disc ML-DmD8    1 wing disc ML-DmD9    1 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    3 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (27) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (186) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (27) tumorous blood cells mbn2    1 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1  (397) embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    6 wing disc CME-W2    22 wing disc ML-DmD8    1 wing disc ML-DmD9    1 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    3 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    27 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (186) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    27 tumorous blood cells mbn2    1 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    397 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    6 wing disc CME-W2    22 wing disc ML-DmD8    1 wing disc ML-DmD9    1 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    3 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    27 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    186 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    27 tumorous blood cells mbn2    1 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    397 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    6 wing disc CME-W2    22 wing disc ML-DmD8    1 wing disc ML-DmD9    1 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    3 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    27 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    186 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    27 tumorous blood cells mbn2    1 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1  (397) embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    6 wing disc CME-W2    22 wing disc ML-DmD8    1 wing disc ML-DmD9    1 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    3 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  27 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (186) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  27 tumorous blood cells mbn2    1 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1  (397) embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    6 wing disc CME-W2    22 wing disc ML-DmD8    1 wing disc ML-DmD9    1 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    3 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    27 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (186) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    27 tumorous blood cells mbn2    1 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    397 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    6 wing disc CME-W2    22 wing disc ML-DmD8    1 wing disc ML-DmD9    1 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    3 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    27 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    186 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    27 tumorous blood cells mbn2    1 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    52 cold shock, 4-day adult    10 heat shock, 4-day adult    16 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    64 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    60 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    86 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    70 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    45 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    108 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    50 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    26 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    82 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    41 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (52) cold shock, 4-day adult    10 heat shock, 4-day adult    16 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3  (64) Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (60) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (86) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (70) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (45) Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (108) Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3  (50) Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  26 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (82) Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (41) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    52 cold shock, 4-day adult    10 heat shock, 4-day adult    16 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    64 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    60 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    86 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    70 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    45 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (108) Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    50 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    26 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    82 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    41 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    52 cold shock, 4-day adult    10 heat shock, 4-day adult    16 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    64 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    60 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    86 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    70 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    45 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    108 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    50 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    26 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    82 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    41 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    52 cold shock, 4-day adult    10 heat shock, 4-day adult    16 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    64 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    60 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    86 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    70 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    45 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    108 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    50 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    26 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    82 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    41 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (52) cold shock, 4-day adult    10 heat shock, 4-day adult    16 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3  (64) Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (60) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (86) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (70) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (45) Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (108) Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3  (50) Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  26 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (82) Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (41) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    52 cold shock, 4-day adult    10 heat shock, 4-day adult    16 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    64 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    60 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    86 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    70 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    45 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3  108 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    50 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    26 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    82 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    41 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    52 cold shock, 4-day adult    10 heat shock, 4-day adult    16 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    64 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    60 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    86 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    70 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    45 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    108 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    50 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    26 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    82 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    41 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • RH31634 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0010388 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG10816-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele viable, with Scer\GAL4da.G32 DroScer\UAS.cTa viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 DroGD498 Phenotype manifest in Allele
Classical Alleles ( 0 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of Dro Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 5 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of Dro Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion DroGD498 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes DroKK103069 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes DroGD15497 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes DromCa in vitro construct - minigene 0 Yes DroScer\UAS.cTa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(2R)Exel6284 (Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD498} NA P{GD15497} NA P{KK103069} NA P{UAS-Dro.T} NA reporter construct P{Drc2.5-lacZ-2} No P{Drc2.5-lacZ} No characterization construct P{Drc2.5-ORF-2} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 6 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 5 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
antibacterial humoral response inferred from expression pattern (Lemaitre et al., 1997) defense response inferred from direct assay (Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998) defense response to Gram-negative bacterium inferred from direct assay (Bulet et al., 1993, Levashina et al., 1995) inferred from expression pattern (Lemaitre et al., 1997) defense response to Gram-positive bacterium inferred from direct assay (Levashina et al., 1995)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
extracellular region inferred from direct assay (Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 2 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
defense response to bacterium non-traceable author statement (Kimbrell and Beutler, 2001) traceable author statement (Chapman, 2001) defense response to Gram-negative bacterium non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1994.6.1) traceable author statement (Meister et al., 2000)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions Dro allele Gene References
External Data
Linkouts	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0010388
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (9) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG69PBKB Dipteran inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Insect inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Arthropod inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Metazoa inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG69PBKB)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\Dro     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\Dro Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM21566 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG20474 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE13605 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF11338 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA10577 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL11457 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK19342 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (None identified)
No non-Drosophilid orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (None identified)
No non-Dipteran orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (None identified)
No non-Insect Arthropod orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (None identified)
No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
Human Orthologs (0)
Gene OMIM HGNC
AAA Orthologs (8) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\Dro Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM21566 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG20474 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE13605 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF11338 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA10577 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL11457 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK19342
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 2 )
VDRC	v105251 P{KK103069}VIE-260B v42503 w1118; P{GD498}v42503
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR03K23 BACR07P02 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 12 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	RH31634
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	RH29679
Other clones	522907 522943 522997 525711 557059 EN03015 EN03220 EN06964 EN11943 ESG0120d.B21_D01
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0010388 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 36635
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: Dro BcDNA:RH31634 (FlyBase, 1996-) Source for merge of: Dro IM15 (Rabel et al., 2004)
Additional comments	Source for merge of Dro BcDNA:RH31634 was a shared cDNA (date:030728). (FlyBase, 1996-)
Other Comments
	Identified as a gene with significant level of mRNA cycling as assessed by expression analysis using high density oligonucleotide arrays with probe generated from adult heads harvested over six time points over the course of a day. Shows alteration in expression in a Clk mutant background. (McDonald and Rosbash, 2001) Identification: Encodes a protein that is induced by immune challenge. (Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998) Ecol\lacZDpt.PR adults are pricked with a sterile needle dipped in culture pellets of various living microorganisms (distinct bacterial strains, fungal spores or hyphae). Pricking results in a low but clearly detectable expression of all antimicrobial genes and these genes are induced above the background level by specific classes of microorganism. (Lemaitre et al., 1997) Glycopeptides of Dro are isolated and the range of activities of these molecules is studied. (Bulet et al., 1996) Cloning and characterisation of Dro. 2.5kb of upstream sequence confers inducibility and tissue specificity to a transgene. (Charlet et al., 1996) Genes encoding antibacterial peptides are regulated in a manner distinct from that of Drs, encoding the antifungal peptide. (Lemaitre et al., 1996) Transcription is not strongly induced by hymenopteran parasitoids. (Nicolas et al., 1996) Dro encodes a 19-residue proline-rich inducible antibacterial peptide, which has an O-glycosylation that is necessary for its full biological activity. (Bulet et al., 1993)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_079020 NM_001259395 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_523744 NP_001246324 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAF58216 AAM29584 AAO72465 AAO72466 AAO72467 AAO72468 AAO72469 AAO72470 AAO72471 AAO72472 AAO72473 AAO72474 AAO72475 AAO72476 AAO72502 AAO72503 AAO72504 AAO72505 AAO72506 AAO72507 AAO72508 AAO72509 AAO72510 AAO72511 AAO72512 AAO72513 AAO72514 AAO72515 AAO72516 AAO72517 AAO72518 AAO72519 AAO72520 AAO72521 AFH08078 AY113579 AY224606 AY224607 AY224608 AY224609 AY224610 AY224611 AY224612 AY224613 AY224614 AY224615 AY224616 AY224617 AY224643 AY224644 AY224645 AY224646 AY224647 AY224648 AY224649 AY224650 AY224651 AY224652 AY224653 AY224654 AY224655 AY224656 AY224657 AY224658 AY224659 AY224660 AY224661 AY224662 BI589256 CAA67062 CAA79936 X98416 Z21942 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 36635 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P36193
Other Crossreferences
	BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • RH31634
Linkouts
	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0010388 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0010388 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0010388 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG10816-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0010388 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 36635 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0010388
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 23 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	143609_at (Kristensen et al., 2005) BcDNA:RH31634   CG10816 (Irving et al., 2001, De Gregorio et al., 2001, Valanne et al., 2007, Gendrin et al., 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Hernandez-Romano et al., 2008, Tsai et al., 2008) DIM 9 (Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998) DIM 11 (Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998) DIM-15 (Rabel et al., 2004) DIM 15 (Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998) Drc (Apidianakis et al., 2005, Tzou et al., 2002, Boulanger et al., 2001, Lemaitre et al., 1997, Lemaitre et al., 1996, Charlet et al., 1996, Wang et al., 2012) drc (Georgel et al., 2001, Lee and Edery, 2008) Dro (Sackton and Clark, 2009, Ramos et al., 2006, Chen et al., 2010, Tsuzuki et al., 2012, Leulier et al., 2006, Bergeret et al., 2008, Tauszig-Delamasure et al., 2002, Becker et al., 2010, Clark et al., 2011, Radyuk et al., 2010, Domanitskaya et al., 2007, Broderick et al., 2012, Jiang et al., 2010, Marcu et al., 2011, Vanha-Aho et al., 2012, Kalajdzic et al., 2012, An et al., 2012, Ladoukakis et al., 2011) dro (McDonald and Rosbash, 2001, Khush and Lemaitre, 2000, Wagner et al., 2009) Dro1 (Deng et al., 2009) DROC (Tzou et al., 2000) Dros (Ramet et al., 2002) dros (Abdelsadik and Roeder, 2010) drosocin (Leclerc and Reichhart, 2004, Lemaitre, 2000.12.20, Meister, 1996.6.11, Hetru, 1993.3.9, Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998, Bulet et al., 1993) Drs (Helenius et al., 2009) IM15
Name Synonym	drosocin (Okado et al., 2009, Anbutsu and Fukatsu, 2010, Moule et al., 2010, Wagner et al., 2009, Hallem et al., 2007, Lee and Edery, 2008, Bhattacharya and Steward, 2002, Ligoxygakis et al., 2002, Kapelnikov et al., 2008, Stergiopoulos et al., 2009, Zsindely et al., 2009, Domanitskaya et al., 2007, Ahn et al., 2011, Wang et al., 2012, Lemaitre et al., 2012) Drosocin (Sackton and Clark, 2009, Tzou et al., 2002, Charlet et al., 1996, Pal et al., 2007, Waterhouse et al., 2007, Rutschmann et al., 2000, Leulier et al., 2006, Gendrin et al., 2009, Akhouayri et al., 2011, Ragab et al., 2011, Bergeret et al., 2008, Tang et al., 2008, Kim et al., 2007, McGraw et al., 2008, Wu et al., 2007, Lai et al., 2007, Flatt et al., 2008, Luo et al., 2001, Ayres and Schneider, 2009, Carpenter et al., 2009, Helenius et al., 2009, Costa et al., 2009, Tauszig-Delamasure et al., 2002, Beckstead et al., 2005, Becker et al., 2010, Clark et al., 2011, Lemos et al., 2010, Longworth et al., 2012, Radyuk et al., 2010, Akbar et al., 2011, Johansson et al., 2005, Tsai et al., 2008, Marcu et al., 2011, Vanha-Aho et al., 2012, An et al., 2012) Drosocin precursor (Hernandez-Romano et al., 2008) Drosophila Immune induced molecule 9 (Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998) Drosophila Immune induced molecule 11 (Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998) Drosophila Immune induced molecule 15 (Uttenweiler-Joseph et al., 1998)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0062947 FBgn0067904
References ( 135 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 135 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 102 ) Supplementary material  ( 2 ) Review  ( 15 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 5 ) Abstract  ( 4 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 2 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 )
Recent research papers ( 20 )
	An et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(3): e34510 Insect Neuropeptide Bursicon Homodimers Induce Innate Immune and Stress Genes during Molting by Activating the NF-κB Transcription Factor Relish. [FBrf0217909] Broderick et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(9): e44567 Drosophila ninjurin a induces nonapoptotic cell death. [FBrf0219544] Fabian et al., 2012, Mol. Ecol. 21(19): 4748--4769 Genome-wide patterns of latitudinal differentiation among populations of Drosophila melanogaster from North America. [FBrf0219505] Gilchrist et al., 2012, Genes Dev. 26(9): 933--944 Regulating the regulators: the pervasive effects of Pol II pausing on stimulus-responsive gene networks. [FBrf0218258] Kalajdzic et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(6): e40296 Use of mutagenesis, genetic mapping and next generation transcriptomics to investigate insecticide resistance mechanisms. [FBrf0218826] Lemaitre et al., 2012, J. Immunol. 188(11): 5210--5220 Pillars Article: The Dorsoventral Regulatory Gene Cassette spatzle/Toll/cactus Controls the Potent Antifungal Response in Drosophila Adults. Cell. 1996. 86: 973-983. [FBrf0218343] Longworth et al., 2012, PLoS Genet. 8(4): e1002618 A Shared Role for RBF1 and dCAP-D3 in the Regulation of Transcription with Consequences for Innate Immunity. [FBrf0218058] Pilátová and Dionne, 2012, PLoS ONE 7(11): e49745 Burkholderia thailandensis Is Virulent in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0220122] Seong et al., 2012, J. Radiat. Res. 53(2): 242--249 Low-dose Radiation Induces Drosophila Innate Immunity through Toll Pathway Activation. [FBrf0218044] Tsuzuki et al., 2012, Sci. Rep. 2: 210 Drosophila growth-blocking peptide-like factor mediates acute immune reactions during infectious and non-infectious stress. [FBrf0217467] Vanha-Aho et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(5): e37153 Functional Characterization of the Infection-Inducible Peptide Edin in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0218357] Wang et al., 2012, J. Immunol. 188(8): 3993--4000 The Drosophila protein mustard tailors the innate immune response activated by the immune deficiency pathway. [FBrf0217978] Ahn et al., 2011, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 21(20): 6148--6153 Substitution of the GalNAc-α-O-Thr¹¹ residue in drosocin with O-linked glyco-peptoid residue: effect on antibacterial activity and conformational change. [FBrf0217186] Akbar et al., 2011, J. Cell Biol. 192(3): 383--390 The full-of-bacteria gene is required for phagosome maturation during immune defense in Drosophila. [FBrf0212933] Akhouayri et al., 2011, PLoS Pathog. 7(10): e1002319 Toll-8/tollo negatively regulates antimicrobial response in the Drosophila respiratory epithelium. [FBrf0216452] Clark et al., 2011, Curr. Biol. 21(19): 1672--1677 Multiple TGF-β Superfamily Signals Modulate the Adult Drosophila Immune Response. [FBrf0216429] Ladoukakis et al., 2011, Genome Biol. 12(11): R118 Hundreds of putatively functional small open reading frames in Drosophila. [FBrf0218190] Marcu et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(1): e15361 Innate Immune Responses of Drosophila melanogaster Are Altered by Spaceflight. [FBrf0212851] Ragab et al., 2011, EMBO J. 30(6): 1123--1136 Drosophila Ras/MAPK signalling regulates innate immune responses in immune and intestinal stem cells. [FBrf0213275] Rao et al., 2011, Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 41(12): 982--992 Manduca sexta moricin promoter elements can increase promoter activities of Drosophila melanogaster antimicrobial peptide genes. [FBrf0216595] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...