DFR1, FGFR, FGF receptor, fibroblast growth factor receptor, DmHD-38
receptor tyrosine kinase - involved in the development of mesodermal and neuronal cells - supports Drosophila fertility by regulating development of ovarian muscle tissues - Pebble is required for cell shape changes during cell migration triggered by Heartless
Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\htl for information on other features
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AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.
Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.
Gene model reviewed during 5.54
3.840, 3.623 (longest cDNA)
3.3 (longest cDNA)
730 (aa)
714 (aa)
Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\htl using the Feature Mapper tool.
Comment: anlage in statu nascendi
Comment: anlage in statu nascendi
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi
Comment: NOT embryonic salivary gland
Comment: reported as pericardial cell specific anlage
Comment: reported as muscle system primordium
Comment: reported as muscle system primordium
htl transcripts are expressed in the eye disc glia with most prominent expression at the
front of the migratory glial cell population.
Embryonic htl expression is observed in the dorsal pharyngeal head mesoderm and in parts of the procephalic ectoderm.
htl transcripts are first observed at stage 5 in a 16-17 cell wide ventral strip that runs from 10 to 85% egg length. During stages 6 and 7, the htl-expressing cells invaginate to form mesoderm. By stage 9, expression can be seen in the cephalic and somatic mesoderm. At stage 11, overall staining of mesoderm disappears, and is replaced by strong expression in a small number of cells in the ventrolateral portion of each segment. By stage 12, three rows of htl-expressing cells are found along the body wall. These appear to be precursors cells for dorsal, pleural, and ventral groups of muscles. The majority of htl-positive cells appear to differentiate into muscle. htl expression is also observed in the CNS as well as in the cells surrounding the hindgut and foregut.
Comment: NOT embryonic salivary gland
htl protein is expressed broadly in the glia and decorates glial projections following
the photoreceptor axons.
Comment: 24 hr APF
Comment: 48 hr APF
GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals
View Dmel\htl in GBrowse 2Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.
Source for identity of: htl CG7223
Identified by PCR fragment; relationship to other protein tyrosine kinase genes not known.
When dsRNA constructs are made and transiently transfected into S2 cells in RNAi experiments, an increase in cytokinetic index is seen.
One of 42 Drosophila genes identified as being most likely to reveal molecular and cellular mechanisms of nervous system development or plasticity relevant to human Mental Retardation disorders.
Embryos deficient for htl show an almost complete absence of longitudinal visceral fibers at late stages.
dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.
Mutants exhibit germ cell migration defects.
Mutants exhibit mesodermal spreading (mesodermal cells migrate in an undirected fashion and fail to reach their normal dorsal positions) and cell fate specification loss of function phenotypes.
htl is required for the normal formation of the heart, visceral and somatic muscles, and is also required for central nervous system formation in the embryo.
Phenotypes of null mutant embryos (several mesodermal lineages are severely deranged or missing) demonstrates htl is a central player that is required for the development of several mesodermal lineages.
htl signalling provides a vital connection between initial formation of the embryonic mesoderm and subsequent cell-fate specification within this germ layer.
Proper mesodermal cell migration (somatic, cardiac and visceral) is dependent on the function of a fibroblast growth factor receptor encoded by htl.
htl acts as a fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGRF) in Xenopus embryos.
Isolated from a genomic library using a cDNA fragment encoding the human α-platelet derived growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase domain as a probe, under low stringency conditions.
htl is involved in neural development.
FGF-receptor homologues are essential for the generation of mesodermal and endodermal layers, invaginations of various types of cells and CNS formation.