FB2025_05 , released December 11, 2025
Gene: Dmel\RpS18
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\RpS18
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Ribosomal protein S18
Annotation Symbol
CG8900
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0010411
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
Ribosomal protein S18 (RpS18) encodes a ribosomal protein located at the top of the head of the 40S subunit and contacts several helices of the 18S rRNA. [Date last reviewed: 2018-09-13] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

S18

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-90
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:20263979..20264848
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (13 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR010979
enables RNA binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001892, InterPro:IPR018269
traceable author statement
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001892, InterPro:IPR018269
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000093238
Biological Process (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
traceable author statement
inferred by curator from GO:0022626
involved_in translation
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001892, InterPro:IPR018269
Cellular Component (8 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
colocalizes_with nuclear chromosome
inferred from direct assay
located_in nucleolus
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
traceable author statement
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P62269
is_active_in cytosol
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000093238
located_in ribosome
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001892, InterPro:IPR018269
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000093238
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS13 family. (P41094)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Ribosomal protein S18 (RpS18) encodes a ribosomal protein located at the top of the head of the 40S subunit and contacts several helices of the 18S rRNA. [Date last reviewed: 2018-09-13]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
CYTOPLASMIC SMALL RIBOSOMAL SUBUNIT -
Cytoplasmic ribosomes are found on the endoplasmic reticulum and in the cytosol. They translate all mRNAs produced from nuclear genes and perform the majority of cellular protein synthesis. Ribosomes are formed by two ribonucleoprotein subunits, large and small. The principle function of the small subunit is to bind mRNA. (Adapted from FBrf0205398.)
CYTOPLASMIC SMALL RIBOSOMAL SUBUNIT - TESTIS-SPECIFIC VARIANT -
Cytoplasmic ribosomes are found on the endoplasmic reticulum and in the cytosol. They translate all mRNAs produced from nuclear genes and perform the majority of cellular protein synthesis. Ribosomes are formed by two ribonucleoprotein subunits, large and small. The principle function of the small subunit is to bind mRNA. Tissue expression data from modENCODE has been used to infer the composition of the cytosolic small ribosomal subunit testis-specific variant. (Adapted from FBrf0205398.)
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Located at the top of the head of the 40S subunit, it contacts several helices of the 18S rRNA.
(UniProt, P41094)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\RpS18 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry P41094)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.39

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.51

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0086274
583
152
FBtr0086273
606
152
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

0.7 (northern blot)

Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0085586
17.6
152
11.17
FBpp0085585
17.6
152
11.17
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

152 aa isoforms: RpS18-PA, RpS18-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

152 (aa); 18 (kD predicted)

Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
 
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\RpS18 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.13

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

RpS18 transcripts are abundant and are detected throughout the life cycle.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
colocalizes_with nuclear chromosome
inferred from direct assay
located_in nucleolus
inferred from direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\RpS18 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 3 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 7 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of RpS18
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of RpS18
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 4 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Sterility
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (1)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (5)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
13 of 14
No
Yes
11 of 14
No
Yes
11 of 14
No
Yes
11 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (4)
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
11 of 14
No
Yes
11 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (3)
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
5 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (2)
6 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (5)
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
4 of 13
No
Yes
3 of 13
No
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (3)
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
4 of 13
No
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (3)
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
4 of 12
No
Yes
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (1)
8 of 11
Yes
Yes
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:RpS18. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Interaction Browsers

    Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
    protein-protein
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    RNA-protein
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers

    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    2R
    Recombination map
    2-90
    Cytogenetic map
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    56F11-56F11
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}Ate1k10809 and P{EP}CG10444EP951
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    56F-56F
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (5)
    Genomic Clones (7)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (379)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    Other clones
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
     
    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Cell Line Information
    Publicly Available Cell Lines
     
      Other Stable Cell Lines
       
        Other Comments

        RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene results in aberrantly short, monopolar spindles when assayed in S2 cells. This phenotype can be observed when the screen is performed with or without Cdc27 dsRNA.

        Likely Minute gene.

        Deletions removing RpS18 but no other cytoplasmic ribosomal protein-encoding genes show Minute phenotypes.

        RNAi generated by PCR using primers directed to this gene causes a cell growth and viability phenotype when assayed in Kc167 and S2R+ cells.

        RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene causes a binucleation phenotype with a low cell count when assayed in Kc167 cells.

        An RpS18 cDNA has been cloned and sequenced.

        A clone (λDmS18) containing a ribosomal protein gene that may encode an RPS18 protein has been identified. The clone hybridises in situ to 15B.

        This may correspond to M(2)56F (FBrf0073138). Burns et al. (FBrf0041468) identified a clone that hybrid-selected an RNA that translated to give a protein identified as RPS18. The clone (λDmS18) hybridized in situ to 15B and these authors concluded that "M(1)o" (i.e. RpS5a) encoded this protein. McKim and Hawley ( EMBL:U48394 ) have shown, however, that RpS5a encodes RPS5; the status of the gene encoded by λDmS18 remains uncertain.

        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database merge of

        Source for merge of: RpS18 anon- EST:fe2D3

        Source for merge of: RpS18 BcDNA:RH43343

        Source for merge of: RpS18 anon-56Fa

        Additional comments

        "RpS18" likely corresponds to "M(2)56F".

        Source for merge of RpS18 BcDNA:RH43343 was a shared cDNA ( date:030728 ).

        Source for merge of RpS18 anon-56Fa was comparison of Figure 2. in FBrf0068407 with the corresponding region of the release 4.2 genome ( date:060307 ).

        Nomenclature History
        Source for database identify of

        Source for identity of: RpS18 CG8900

        Nomenclature comments
        Etymology
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (16)
        Reported As
        Name Synonyms
        anon-fast-evolving-2D3
        transcription unit B
        Secondary FlyBase IDs
        • FBgn0014916
        • FBgn0025222
        • FBgn0062939
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        Study result (0)
        Result
        Result Type
        Title
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 58 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
        UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
        UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
        BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
        DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
        EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
        FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
        FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
        PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
        FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
        iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
        KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        References (92)