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Gene Dmel\pll

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\pll	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	pelle	Annotation symbol	CG5974
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0010441
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	9 publicly available
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3R	Recombination map	3-92
Cytogenetic map	97E11-97E11	Sequence location	3R:23,076,853..23,078,902 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene pelle is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\pll (CG5974, FBgn0010441). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: protein domain specific binding. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: antifungal humoral response; zygotic specification of dorsal/ventral axis. 68 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: embryonic ventral epidermis; filzkorper; medulla; macrochaeta; posterior spiracle primordium; embryonic/larval hemolymph; lamina; embryonic/larval somatic muscle. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: DEATH-like; Death; Protein kinase, ATP binding site; Protein kinase, catalytic domain; Protein kinase-like domain; Serine/threonine-protein kinase, active site; Serine/threonine-protein kinase-like domain. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 00-12 hour embryonic stages, at stages throughout the pupal period, in adult female stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval fat body, larval salivary gland, larval trachea, adult ovary. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1638252_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of pll. Gene sequence location is 3R:23076853..23078902.
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	pll: pelle Maternal-effect lethal; homozygous females sterile. As in the mutant dl, lethal embryos produced by pll females lack ventral and lateral elements (Anderson and Nusslein-Volhard, 1984). Extreme pll embryos consist of a long, hollow tube with dorsal cuticular structures (Muller-Holtkamp et al., 1985). Dorsalization is also observed in the pattern of ftz stripes in pll embryos (Carroll et al., 1987). Injection of wild-type cytoplasm into pll embryos partially restores the normal embryonic pattern of development (Muller-Holtkamp et al., 1985).
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2012_01	Sequence features BKN50885 HFA17026 BKN22690 BKN51328
FB2011_10
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 97E11-97E11   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}sda03884 and P{PZ}btzrL203
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 97F-97F   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Shelton and Wasserman, 1993)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	3-92 (Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\pll for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) pll-RA FBtr0085179  NM_057623   1929   501
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	1.9 (northern blot) (Shelton and Wasserman, 1993)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein pll-PA   FBpp0084549   56.2   501   8.87     NP_476971   AAF56686
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	501 (aa); 56 (kD) (Shelton and Wasserman, 1993)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Death (IPR000488) Protein kinase, catalytic domain (IPR000719) Serine/threonine-protein kinase, active site (IPR008271) Protein kinase-like domain (IPR011009) DEATH-like (IPR011029) Protein kinase, ATP binding site (IPR017441) Serine/threonine-protein kinase-like domain (IPR017442) PDB - Protein Data Bank. An information portal to biological macromolecular structures • 1D2Z 1IK7
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA202898   AA438728   AA540441   AA541124   AE014297 AAF56686   AC009848   AI511673   AW943644   AY069657 AAL39802   BG638245   BI227984   BI484653   BT056264   CO277209   CO281569   EC052527   EC054012   EC054015   EC055790   EC066715   EC084890   GH748092   GH748308   GH748967   GH750540   GH750664   GH750740   GH751564   GH755288   GH756033   GH756103   GH757430   GH757607   GH757628   GH757972   GH757999   GH758433   GH759664   GH770412   GH770469   GH770887   GH773365   GH775252   GH775789   GH776080   GH776086   GH776641   GH777201   GH777923   GH779995   GH780515   GH780857   GH781544   GH782539   GH783526   GH784238   GH784612   GH786183   GH786244   GH786638   GH786673   GH788580   GH790627   GH791163   GH791815   GH791829   GH792027   GH795424   GH795915   GH797406   GH797477   GH797952   GH798026   GH798071   GH798229   GH798539   GH798701   GH799374   GH800277   GH801331   GH802157   GH803234   GH805856   GH806154   GH807035   GH807549   GH807742   GH808862   GH809538   GH810248   GH813130   GH813476   GH813705   GH813753   GH814848   GH816165   GH816462   GH816778   GH817806   GH820469   GH820928   GH822932   GH823205   GH824105   GH824506   GH824916   GH825238   GH826872   GH828266   GH828461   GH829461   GH829614   GH829905   GH830306   GH831350   GH831964   GH832006   GH832818   GH832953   GH833073   GH835492   GH836383   GH838945   GH839110   GH839391   GH839667   GH839879   GH842325   GH843279   GH844270   GH844564   GH845300   GH847477   GH847739   GH847948   GH848742   GH849357   GH850081   GH851020   GH851249   GH851625   GH852673   GH855859   GH857146   GH857269   GH860278   GH860676   GH862447   GH862995   GH863015   GH863237   GH863383   GH864341   GH864705   GH865054   GH865250   GH865459   GH865627   GH865944   GH866144   GH866310   GH866447   GH866908   GH867284   GH869551   GH871164   GH871432   GH871596   GH871833   GH871958   GH873725   GH874386   GH874642   GH875146   GH876118   GH876189   GH876534   GH877789   GH879403   GH880623   GH882739   GH885563   GH886125   GH887157   GH888051   GH889965   GH890808   GH890857   GH891101   GH891298   GH893033   GH894741   GH895387   GH896115   GH896124   GH896380   GH896598   GH896753   GH896812   GH897428   GH898701   GH900707   GH900805   GH902167   GH903023   GH904701   GH905450   GH907619   GH908558   GH909868   GH910298   GH910380   GH910411   GH910479   GH911316   GH911515   GH911554   GH911566   GH912028   GH912805   GH913978   GH914686   GH917183   GH917258   GH917839   GH920104   GH920382   GH921231   GH921714   GH921736   GH922870   GH923645   GH924668   GH924925   GH927852   GH928631   GH929844   GH929891   GH930529   GH930846   GH931066   GH931162   GH931473   GH931683   GH932453   GH933449   GH933451   GH934613   GH937051   GH938136   L08476 AAA28750
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	Q05652
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
No Assay Recorded Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage | female     (Shelton and Wasserman, 1993) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage | early     (Shelton and Wasserman, 1993) larval stage & pupal stage     (Shelton and Wasserman, 1993)
Additional Descriptive Data
	pll transcripts are expressed most strongly in early embryos and adult females and are observed at a lower level throughout development. (Shelton and Wasserman, 1993)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0010441    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0010441 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 00-12 hour embryonic stages, at stages throughout the pupal period, in adult female stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0010441 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    3222 embryo 02-04hr    2256 embryo 04-06hr    1524 embryo 06-08hr    1599 embryo 08-10hr    1712 embryo 10-12hr    1926 embryo 12-14hr    1148 embryo 14-16hr    1313 embryo 16-18hr    1089 embryo 18-20hr    750 embryo 20-22hr    1010 embryo 22-24hr    937 larva L1    648 larva L2    538 larva L3 12hr old    588 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    617 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    986 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1128 white prepupae new    1273 white prepupae 12hr    1576 white prepupae 24hr    1185 pupae 2d postWPP    2121 pupae 3d postWPP    490 pupae 4d postWPP    474 adult male 01day    474 adult male 05day    559 adult male 30day    489 adult female 01day    1018 adult female 05day    1516 adult female 30day    1722 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (3222) embryo 02-04hr  (2256) embryo 04-06hr  (1524) embryo 06-08hr  (1599) embryo 08-10hr  (1712) embryo 10-12hr  (1926) embryo 12-14hr  (1148) embryo 14-16hr  (1313) embryo 16-18hr  (1089) embryo 18-20hr  (750) embryo 20-22hr  (1010) embryo 22-24hr  (937) larva L1  (648) larva L2  (538) larva L3 12hr old  (588) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (617) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (986) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (1128) white prepupae new  (1273) white prepupae 12hr  (1576) white prepupae 24hr  (1185) pupae 2d postWPP  (2121) pupae 3d postWPP  (490) pupae 4d postWPP  (474) adult male 01day  (474) adult male 05day  (559) adult male 30day  (489) adult female 01day  (1018) adult female 05day  (1516) adult female 30day  (1722) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (3222) embryo 02-04hr  (2256) embryo 04-06hr  (1524) embryo 06-08hr  (1599) embryo 08-10hr  (1712) embryo 10-12hr  (1926) embryo 12-14hr    1148 embryo 14-16hr    1313 embryo 16-18hr    1089 embryo 18-20hr    750 embryo 20-22hr    1010 embryo 22-24hr    937 larva L1    648 larva L2    538 larva L3 12hr old    588 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    617 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    986 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1128 white prepupae new    1273 white prepupae 12hr  (1576) white prepupae 24hr    1185 pupae 2d postWPP  (2121) pupae 3d postWPP    490 pupae 4d postWPP    474 adult male 01day    474 adult male 05day    559 adult male 30day    489 adult female 01day    1018 adult female 05day  (1516) adult female 30day  (1722) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    3222 embryo 02-04hr    2256 embryo 04-06hr    1524 embryo 06-08hr    1599 embryo 08-10hr    1712 embryo 10-12hr    1926 embryo 12-14hr    1148 embryo 14-16hr    1313 embryo 16-18hr    1089 embryo 18-20hr    750 embryo 20-22hr    1010 embryo 22-24hr    937 larva L1    648 larva L2    538 larva L3 12hr old    588 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    617 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    986 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1128 white prepupae new    1273 white prepupae 12hr    1576 white prepupae 24hr    1185 pupae 2d postWPP    2121 pupae 3d postWPP    490 pupae 4d postWPP    474 adult male 01day    474 adult male 05day    559 adult male 30day    489 adult female 01day    1018 adult female 05day    1516 adult female 30day    1722 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    3222 embryo 02-04hr    2256 embryo 04-06hr    1524 embryo 06-08hr    1599 embryo 08-10hr    1712 embryo 10-12hr    1926 embryo 12-14hr    1148 embryo 14-16hr    1313 embryo 16-18hr    1089 embryo 18-20hr    750 embryo 20-22hr    1010 embryo 22-24hr    937 larva L1    648 larva L2    538 larva L3 12hr old    588 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    617 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    986 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1128 white prepupae new    1273 white prepupae 12hr    1576 white prepupae 24hr    1185 pupae 2d postWPP    2121 pupae 3d postWPP    490 pupae 4d postWPP    474 adult male 01day    474 adult male 05day    559 adult male 30day    489 adult female 01day    1018 adult female 05day    1516 adult female 30day    1722 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0010441 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    3222 embryo 02-04hr    2256 embryo 04-06hr    1524 embryo 06-08hr    1599 embryo 08-10hr    1712 embryo 10-12hr    1926 embryo 12-14hr    1148 embryo 14-16hr    1313 embryo 16-18hr    1089 embryo 18-20hr    750 embryo 20-22hr    1010 embryo 22-24hr    937 larva L1    648 larva L2    538 larva L3 12hr old    588 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    617 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    986 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1128 white prepupae new    1273 white prepupae 12hr    1576 white prepupae 24hr    1185 pupae 2d postWPP    2121 pupae 3d postWPP    490 pupae 4d postWPP    474 adult male 01day    474 adult male 05day    559 adult male 30day    489 adult female 01day    1018 adult female 05day    1516 adult female 30day    1722 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (3222) embryo 02-04hr  (2256) embryo 04-06hr  (1524) embryo 06-08hr  (1599) embryo 08-10hr  (1712) embryo 10-12hr  (1926) embryo 12-14hr  (1148) embryo 14-16hr  (1313) embryo 16-18hr  (1089) embryo 18-20hr  (750) embryo 20-22hr  (1010) embryo 22-24hr  (937) larva L1  (648) larva L2  (538) larva L3 12hr old  (588) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (617) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (986) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (1128) white prepupae new  (1273) white prepupae 12hr  (1576) white prepupae 24hr  (1185) pupae 2d postWPP  (2121) pupae 3d postWPP  (490) pupae 4d postWPP  (474) adult male 01day  (474) adult male 05day  (559) adult male 30day  (489) adult female 01day  (1018) adult female 05day  (1516) adult female 30day  (1722) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (3222) embryo 02-04hr  2256 embryo 04-06hr  1524 embryo 06-08hr  1599 embryo 08-10hr  1712 embryo 10-12hr  1926 embryo 12-14hr    1148 embryo 14-16hr    1313 embryo 16-18hr    1089 embryo 18-20hr    750 embryo 20-22hr    1010 embryo 22-24hr    937 larva L1    648 larva L2    538 larva L3 12hr old    588 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    617 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    986 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1128 white prepupae new    1273 white prepupae 12hr  1576 white prepupae 24hr    1185 pupae 2d postWPP  2121 pupae 3d postWPP    490 pupae 4d postWPP    474 adult male 01day    474 adult male 05day    559 adult male 30day    489 adult female 01day    1018 adult female 05day  1516 adult female 30day  1722 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    3222 embryo 02-04hr    2256 embryo 04-06hr    1524 embryo 06-08hr    1599 embryo 08-10hr    1712 embryo 10-12hr    1926 embryo 12-14hr    1148 embryo 14-16hr    1313 embryo 16-18hr    1089 embryo 18-20hr    750 embryo 20-22hr    1010 embryo 22-24hr    937 larva L1    648 larva L2    538 larva L3 12hr old    588 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    617 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    986 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1128 white prepupae new    1273 white prepupae 12hr    1576 white prepupae 24hr    1185 pupae 2d postWPP    2121 pupae 3d postWPP    490 pupae 4d postWPP    474 adult male 01day    474 adult male 05day    559 adult male 30day    489 adult female 01day    1018 adult female 05day    1516 adult female 30day    1722 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    3222 embryo 02-04hr    2256 embryo 04-06hr    1524 embryo 06-08hr    1599 embryo 08-10hr    1712 embryo 10-12hr    1926 embryo 12-14hr    1148 embryo 14-16hr    1313 embryo 16-18hr    1089 embryo 18-20hr    750 embryo 20-22hr    1010 embryo 22-24hr    937 larva L1    648 larva L2    538 larva L3 12hr old    588 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    617 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    986 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1128 white prepupae new    1273 white prepupae 12hr    1576 white prepupae 24hr    1185 pupae 2d postWPP    2121 pupae 3d postWPP    490 pupae 4d postWPP    474 adult male 01day    474 adult male 05day    559 adult male 30day    489 adult female 01day    1018 adult female 05day    1516 adult female 30day    1722 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data for FBgn0010441    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales max expr for FBgn0010441 Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval fat body, larval salivary gland, larval trachea, adult ovary. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (1000 - 25000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0010441 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    38.65 Larval Midgut    52.5 Larval Hindgut    69.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    92.5 Larval Fat Body    119.1 Larval Salivary Gland    162.7 Larval Trachea    105 Larval Carcass    84.175 Adult Head    42.3 Adult Eye    33 Adult Brain    22.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    29.4 Adult Crop    58.7 Adult Midgut    43 Adult Hindgut    54.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    90.3 Adult Fat Body    72.8 Adult Salivary Gland    97.6 Adult Heart    76.175 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    52.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    69.4 Adult Ovary    174.5 Adult Testis no informative data Adult Male Accessory Gland    82.6 Adult Carcass    66.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    38.65 Larval Midgut    52.5 Larval Hindgut    69.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    92.5 Larval Fat Body    119.1 Larval Salivary Gland    162.7 Larval Trachea    105 Larval Carcass    84.175 Adult Head    42.3 Adult Eye    33 Adult Brain    22.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    29.4 Adult Crop    58.7 Adult Midgut    43 Adult Hindgut    54.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    90.3 Adult Fat Body    72.8 Adult Salivary Gland    97.6 Adult Heart    76.175 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    52.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    69.4 Adult Ovary    174.5 Adult Testis no informative data Adult Male Accessory Gland    82.6 Adult Carcass    66.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    38.65 Larval Midgut    52.5 Larval Hindgut    69.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    92.5 Larval Fat Body    119.1 Larval Salivary Gland    162.7 Larval Trachea    105 Larval Carcass    84.175 Adult Head    42.3 Adult Eye    33 Adult Brain    22.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    29.4 Adult Crop    58.7 Adult Midgut    43 Adult Hindgut    54.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    90.3 Adult Fat Body    72.8 Adult Salivary Gland    97.6 Adult Heart    76.175 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    52.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    69.4 Adult Ovary    174.5 Adult Testis no informative data Adult Male Accessory Gland    82.6 Adult Carcass    66.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    38.65 Larval Midgut    52.5 Larval Hindgut    69.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    92.5 Larval Fat Body    119.1 Larval Salivary Gland    162.7 Larval Trachea    105 Larval Carcass    84.175 Adult Head    42.3 Adult Eye    33 Adult Brain    22.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    29.4 Adult Crop    58.7 Adult Midgut    43 Adult Hindgut    54.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    90.3 Adult Fat Body    72.8 Adult Salivary Gland    97.6 Adult Heart    76.175 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    52.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    69.4 Adult Ovary    174.5 Adult Testis no informative data Adult Male Accessory Gland    82.6 Adult Carcass    66.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0010441 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    38.65 Larval Midgut    52.5 Larval Hindgut    69.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    92.5 Larval Fat Body    119.1 Larval Salivary Gland    162.7 Larval Trachea    105 Larval Carcass    84.175 Adult Head    42.3 Adult Eye    33 Adult Brain    22.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    29.4 Adult Crop    58.7 Adult Midgut    43 Adult Hindgut    54.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    90.3 Adult Fat Body    72.8 Adult Salivary Gland    97.6 Adult Heart    76.175 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    52.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    69.4 Adult Ovary    174.5 Adult Testis no informative data Adult Male Accessory Gland    82.6 Adult Carcass    66.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    38.65 Larval Midgut    52.5 Larval Hindgut    69.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    92.5 Larval Fat Body    119.1 Larval Salivary Gland    162.7 Larval Trachea    105 Larval Carcass    84.175 Adult Head    42.3 Adult Eye    33 Adult Brain    22.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    29.4 Adult Crop    58.7 Adult Midgut    43 Adult Hindgut    54.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    90.3 Adult Fat Body    72.8 Adult Salivary Gland    97.6 Adult Heart    76.175 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    52.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    69.4 Adult Ovary    174.5 Adult Testis no informative data Adult Male Accessory Gland    82.6 Adult Carcass    66.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    38.65 Larval Midgut    52.5 Larval Hindgut    69.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    92.5 Larval Fat Body    119.1 Larval Salivary Gland    162.7 Larval Trachea    105 Larval Carcass    84.175 Adult Head    42.3 Adult Eye    33 Adult Brain    22.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    29.4 Adult Crop    58.7 Adult Midgut    43 Adult Hindgut    54.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    90.3 Adult Fat Body    72.8 Adult Salivary Gland    97.6 Adult Heart    76.175 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    52.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    69.4 Adult Ovary    174.5 Adult Testis no informative data Adult Male Accessory Gland    82.6 Adult Carcass    66.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    38.65 Larval Midgut    52.5 Larval Hindgut    69.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    92.5 Larval Fat Body    119.1 Larval Salivary Gland    162.7 Larval Trachea    105 Larval Carcass    84.175 Adult Head    42.3 Adult Eye    33 Adult Brain    22.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    29.4 Adult Crop    58.7 Adult Midgut    43 Adult Hindgut    54.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    90.3 Adult Fat Body    72.8 Adult Salivary Gland    97.6 Adult Heart    76.175 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    52.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    69.4 Adult Ovary    174.5 Adult Testis no informative data Adult Male Accessory Gland    82.6 Adult Carcass    66.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis no informative data Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    42.3   NA  Eye    33   NA  Brain    22.8   38.65  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    29.4   NA  Crop    58.7   52.5  Midgut    43   69.5  Hindgut    54.2   92.5  Malpighian Tubules    90.3   119.1  Fat Body    72.8   162.7  Salivary Gland    97.6   NA  Heart    76.175   105  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    52.4   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    69.4   NA  Ovary    174.5   NA  Testis    no informative data   NA  Male Accessory Gland    82.6   84.175  Carcass    66.5 modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_05
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0010441 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG5974-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | embryonic stage | germline clone | non-rescuable maternal effect | recessive pll3R-49-8 pll3R-73-11 lethal | maternal effect pll1 pll3 pll10P pll11H pll12 pll17 pll18 pll20 pll21 pll23 pll24 pll25 lethal | maternal effect | cold sensitive pll4 pll9 lethal | maternal effect | heat sensitive pll15 lethal | maternal effect | recessive pll2 pll5 pll7 pll10 pll13 pll16 pll22 pll118 pll238 lethal | maternal effect | recessive | cold sensitive pll1 pll4 pll8 pll14 viable plle01040 viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 pllGD1286 Sterility Allele female sterile | recessive pll1 fertile plle01040 Other Phenotypes Allele neuroanatomy defective (with pll2) pll7 neuroanatomy defective (with pll7) pll2 pll25 neuroanatomy defective (with pll25) pll7 size defective | embryonic stage pll7 Phenotype manifest in Allele axon & eye photoreceptor cell (with pll2) pll7 axon & eye photoreceptor cell (with pll7) pll2 pll25 axon & eye photoreceptor cell (with pll25) pll7 embryo | ventral pllunspecified embryonic/larval hemolymph (with pll2) pll10 embryonic/larval hemolymph (with pll10) pll2 embryonic/larval somatic muscle pll25 pll7 embryonic ventral epidermis pll7 filzkorper pll7 hemocyte | larval stage (with pll2) pll10 hemocyte | larval stage (with pll10) pll2 lamina (with pll2) pll7 lamina (with pll7) pll2 pll25 lamina (with pll25) pll7 macrochaeta pll7 medulla (with pll2) pll7 medulla (with pll7) pll2 pll25 medulla (with pll25) pll7 posterior spiracle primordium pll7
Classical Alleles ( 34 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of pll Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion pll2 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 2 Yes pll7 antimorphic allele - genetic evidence, loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 2 Yes plle01040 piggyBac transposase 1 -- pll3 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes pll10 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes pll10P Delta2-3 0 -- pll118 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pll11 0 -- pll11H 0 -- pll12 0 Yes pll13 antimorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 Yes pll14 antimorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 Yes pll15 0 Yes pll161 0 Yes pll16 antimorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 Yes pll17 0 Yes pll18 0 -- pll1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes pll20 0 -- pll21 0 Yes pll22 antimorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 Yes pll238 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pll23 0 Yes pll24 0 Yes pll25 0 Yes pll315 0 -- pll3R-49-8 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pll3R-73-11 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pll4 antimorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes pll5 antimorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes pll6 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pll8 antimorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes pll9 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes pllunspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 34 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of pll Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion pllGD1286 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes pllGL00150 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes pllHMS01213 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes pllKK102624 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes pllA350E in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes pllAct5C.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes pllAct5C.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes pllcGa in vitro construct 0 Yes pllcRa in vitro construct 0 Yes pllcXa in vitro construct 0 Yes pllD346A in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes pllD50K in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes pllD67K in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes pllD67R in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes pllDD.MtnA.T:SV5\V5 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes pllDD.R35E.MtnA.T:SV5\V5 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - deletion in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes pllDN in vitro construct 0 Yes plldsRNA.cSa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes plldsRNA.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes pllE70R.Q71A in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes pllG92W in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes pllH96A in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes pllH96E in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes pllH96R in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes pllK107D in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes pllK240R.Act5C in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes pllK240R in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes pllMtnA.T:SV5\V5 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - deletion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes pllQ93G in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes pllQ93W in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes pllR115D in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes pllR35E in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes pllS73Y in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes pllΔ2-25 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3R)Bd (Belvin et al., 1995) Df(3R)BSC497 (Christensen et al., 2008.4.15) Df(3R)BSC739 (Cook et al., 2009.2.28) Df(3R)D605 (Hecht and Anderson, 1993) Df(3R)ED6242 (Ryder and Roote, 2004.11.10) Df(3R)ED6255 (Ryder and Roote, 2004.11.10) Df(3R)Exel6207 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(3R)Exel6208 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(3R)IR7 (Shelton and Wasserman, 1993) Df(3R)IR16 (Shelton and Wasserman, 1993, Gillespie and Wasserman, 1994, Galindo et al., 1995) Df(3R)PSQ12 (Shelton and Wasserman, 1993) Df(3R)PSQ14 (Shelton and Wasserman, 1993) Df(3R)R38.3 (Hecht and Anderson, 1993) Df(3R)Sq219 (Shelton and Wasserman, 1993, Hukriede and Fleming, 1997) Df(3R)Tl-P (Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987) Ts(YSt;3Lt)J116+Ts(Y;3Rt)R128
Not disrupted in	Df(3R)IR25 (Shelton and Wasserman, 1993) Df(3R)Tl-X (Tearle and Nusslein-Volhard, 1987)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD1286} NA P{KK102624} NA P{TRiP.GL00150} NA P{TRiP.HMS01213} NA P{UAS-pll.RNAi} NA characterization construct P{Hsp83-pll::tor.4021.bcd.3'UTR} NA P{Hsp83-pll::tor.bcd.3'UTR} NA P{tor4021pelle3'} NA P{tor4021pelle} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions PBac{RB}TfIIA-Le01040 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 18 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 5 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
protein domain specific binding inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q05652 (assigned by UniProtKB) (Xiao et al., 1999)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
antifungal humoral response inferred from mutant phenotype (Lemaitre et al., 1996) zygotic specification of dorsal/ventral axis inferred from mutant phenotype (Anderson and Nusslein-Volhard, 1984)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
cytoplasm inferred from direct assay (Towb et al., 1998) plasma membrane inferred from direct assay (Towb et al., 1998)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 14 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
ATP binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000719, InterPro:IPR017441 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) protein kinase activity non-traceable author statement (Morrison et al., 2000, Lemaitre, 2000.12.20) protein serine/threonine kinase activity inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR008271 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Shelton and Wasserman, 1993) non-traceable author statement (Shelton, 1993.3.11, Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1994.10.1)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
defense response non-traceable author statement (Lemaitre, 2000.12.20) traceable author statement (Meister et al., 2000) dorsal/ventral axis specification traceable author statement (Meister et al., 2000, Lall and Patel, 2001) hemocyte proliferation traceable author statement (Evans et al., 2003) hemopoiesis traceable author statement (Meister et al., 2000) protein import into nucleus non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1994.10.1) protein phosphorylation inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000719, InterPro:IPR008271 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Shelton and Wasserman, 1993) non-traceable author statement (Morrison et al., 2000) regulation of proteolysis traceable author statement (Leclerc and Reichhart, 2004) response to fungus traceable author statement (Medzhitov and Janeway, 2000) signal transduction inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000488 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) Toll signaling pathway non-traceable author statement (Lemaitre, 2000.12.20) traceable author statement (Kimbrell and Beutler, 2001, Janssens and Beyaert, 2002, Brennan and Anderson, 2004, Leclerc and Reichhart, 2004)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
cytoplasm non-traceable author statement (Lall and Patel, 2001)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions pll allele Gene References pll1 cact (Qiu et al., 1998) pll10 cact (Qiu et al., 1998)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 68170 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0010441 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 43283
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF18719 Dere\GG12125 Dgri\GH16651 Dmoj\GI22298 Dper\GL23050 Dpse\GA19272 Dsec\GM10117 Dvir\GJ10484 Dwil\GK22593 Dyak\pll
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dpse\GA19272   Dsim\pll   Dyak\pll
Linkouts	InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL006571-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP002966-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_624002.2 Apis mellifera (honey bee) XP_001943030.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) At4g00960.1 Arabidopsis thaliana (wall cress) 215403 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) BGIBMGA000063-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) ENSBTAP00000028115 Bos taurus (bovine) CN12539 Caenorhabditis brenneri (small nematode) CN13556 Caenorhabditis brenneri (small nematode) CBP32614 Caenorhabditis briggsae (nematode) CE31033 Caenorhabditis elegans (worm) ENSCAFP00000028744 Canis familiaris (dog) JA17197 Caenorhabditis japonica (nematode) CPIJ015474 Culex pipens (mosquito) ENSCPOP00000001602 Cavia porcellus (guinea pig) 158976 Chlamidomonas reinhardtii (green alga) RP32607 Caenorhabditis remanei (nematode) RP40493 Caenorhabditis remanei (nematode) 53959 Capitella spl (polychaete worm) DDB0230123 Dictyostelium discoideum (amoeba) 331814 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) ENSDARP00000067130 Danio rerio (zebra fish) ENSECAP00000007763 Equus caballus (horse) ENSGACP00000005326 Gymnopilus aculeatus (mushroom) ENSGALP00000015600 Gallus gallus (chicken) 181411 Hypsipyla robusta (cedar shoot borer) ENSP00000358997 Homo sapiens (human) ISCW001463-PA Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) 228846 Lottia gigantea (owl limpet) 10450 Monocosta brevicollis (choanoflagellate) ENSMODP00000023115 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMMUP00000026705 Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) ENSMUSP00000074471 Mus musculus (house mouse) XP_001599847.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) ENSOANP00000009429 Ornithorynchus anatinus (platypus) ENSORLP00000003907 Oryzias latipes (japanese killifish) LOC_Os02g06930.1 Oryza sativa (asian rice) PHUM010605-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) 130220 Physcomitrella patens (moss) ENSPPYP00000023353 Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan) 420967 Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood) 575727 Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood) ENSPTRP00000008285 Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) ENSRNOP00000007932 Rattus norvegicus (norway rat) 4874523 Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) XP_782502.2 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin) XP_966383.1 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) ENSTNIP00000007783 Tetraodon nigroviridis (green spotted pufferfish) ENSTNIP00000019071 Tetraodon nigroviridis (green spotted pufferfish) ENSTRUP00000016336 Takifugu rubripes (pufferfish Takifugu) ENSXETP00000031192 Xenopus tropicalis (frog) OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • NV18154 NV17914 LH17362 ISCW001463 FBgn0067425 FBgn0224570 FBgn0197764 FBgn0165068 JGI_V11_331814 FBgn0079269 FBgn0160640 FBgn0145026 FBgn0124122 FBgn0104417 FBgn0095736 CPIJ015474 BGIBMGA000063 ACYPI009928 GB16397 PELLE PB21665 PHUM518290 GLEAN_15365
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 9 )
Bloomington	3111 e1 pll2 ca1/TM3, Sb1 3112 e1 pll7 ca1/TM3, Sb1 35577 y1 sc* v1; P{TRiP.GL00150}attP2 34733 y1 sc* v1; P{TRiP.HMS01213}attP2 17919 w1118; PBac{RB}TfIIA-Le01040 plle01040
Kyoto	106852 e1 pll2 ca1/TM3, Sb1 106853 e1 pll7 ca1/TM3, Sb1
VDRC	v103774 P{KK102624}VIE-260B v2889 w1118; P{GD1286}v2889
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR02B05 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 245 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	LD43152
Other clones	FI07757
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	LD03314 LD13069 LD19934 LD20941 RE25379 RE67788
Other clones	42722 165413 EC052527 EC054012 EC054015 EC055790 EK123350 EK157455 RP003013753 RP003015050 RP003016428 RP003019340 RP003025125 RP003025868 RP003027438 RP003030490 RP003030628 RP003036300 RP003046230 RP003047864 RP003051874 RP003052916 RP003064016 RP003069400 RP003078934 RP003081203 RP003084522 RP003086080 RP003095470 RP003096404 RP003097542 RP003100750 RP003101641 RP003102154 RP003102887 RP003112710 RP003124690 RP003128030 RP003131179 RP003134716 RP003139657 RP003141521 RP003145689 RP003146321 RP003146601 RP003151948 RP003156835 RP003159502 RP003160370 RP003160674 RP003165523 RP003167427 RP003167663 RP003168517 RP003173250 RP003173496 RP003174425 RP003175931 RP003177095 RP003177229 RP003177783 RP003178037 RP003182413 RP003182797 RP003183986 RP003185436 RP003185666 RP003185797 RP003187094 RP003191646 RP003192743 RP003194595 RP003200426 RP003200782 RP003201681 RP003205396 RP003206903 RP003208425 RP003209356 RP003209725 RP003211752 RP003214078 RP003216448 RP003219631 RP003221044 RP003222819 RP003231206 RP003231648 RP003231772 RP003232059 RP003240301 RP003241661 RP003255791 RP003256753 RP003257281 RP003260575 RP003262684 RP003263830 RP003271425 RP003273037 RP003273582 RP003274852 RP003275932 RP003277614 RP003280449 RP003282311 RP003283125 RP003284839 RP003286161 RP003287455 RP003287790 RP003288937 RP003289374 RP003292151 RP003294075 RP003294697 RP003301275 RP003302706 RP003306217 RP003308692 RP003311048 RP003312461 RP003315137 RP003316123 RP003316142 RP003322979 RP003324443 RP003328534 RP003330456 RP003332296 RP003337176 RP003338650 RP003338662 RP003340565 RP003343488 RP003343899 RP003344858 RP003345329 RP003346415 RP003349590 RP003355286 RP003356688 RP003358481 RP003359624 RP003363752 RP003375868 RP003380856 RP003381143 RP003389169 RP003393860 RP003395175 RP003399940 RP003409585 RP003411937 RP003415379 RP003417382 RP003417904 RP003422793 RP003423166 RP003426357 RP003428872 RP003443696 RP003444550 RP003451569 RP003451629 RP003452475 RP003456175 RP003463887 RP003465953 RP003466499 RP003469574 RP003470211 RP003473043 RP003488852 RP003494160 RP003495489 RP003499685 RP003500723 RP003505148 RP003505802 RP003506422 RP003508459 RP003508999 RP003509009 RP003511639 RP003511771 RP003512449 RP003515331 RP003519458 RP003521622 RP003522372 RP003530981 RP003555113 RP003555223 RP003562456 RP003564573 RP003567783 RP003568855 RP003569908 RP003577379 RP003578909 RP003580748 RP003582919 RP003584662 RP003586229 RP003586856 RP003592969 RP003596340 RP003596982 RP003599855 RP003600410 RP003601553 RP003603093 RP003606031 RP003607129 RP003607932 RP003618375 RP003628326 RP003629388 RP003639395 RP003645201 RP003649847 RP003652341 RP003653127 RP003655556 RP003655797 RP003657481 RP003658784 RP003660941 RP003661056 RP003662090 RP003663515 RP003665123 RP003665954 RP003667578 RP003670639 RP003681320
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0010441 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 43283
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Other Comments
	When dsRNA constructs are made and transiently transfected into S2 cells in RNAi experiments, a decrease in cytokinetic index is seen. (Bettencourt-Dias et al., 2004) dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology. (Kiger et al., 2003) pll is activated by autophosphorylation. (Shen and Manley, 2002) Shows particularly robust cycling of transcription in adult heads, as assessed by expression analysis using high density oligonucleotide arrays with probe generated during three 12-point time course experiments over the course of 6 days. (Claridge-Chang et al., 2001) pll functions to downregulate the signal-dependent relocalisation of tub protein. (Towb et al., 2001) pll is required for muscle development in the embryo. (Halfon and Keshishian, 1998) Targeting of either tub or pll product to the plasma membrane by myristylation is sufficient to activate the signal transduction pathway that leads to translocation of the dl product. Activated Tl induces a localized recruitment of tub and pll proteins to the plasma membrane. (Towb et al., 1998) The protein kinase activity of the pll protein differentially regulates its interactions with the dl and tub proteins. (Edwards et al., 1997) tub, pll, cact and dl form a complex essential for signal transduction. (Yang and Steward, 1997) Yeast two hybrid assay demonstrates both tub and pll interact with dl. Interactions have also been confirmed in an in vitro binding assay. (Yang and Steward, 1997) The embryonic regulatory pathway, comprising the gene products between spz and cact (Tl, tub and pll) but not the genes acting upstream or downstream (ea and dl), is involved in the induction of the Drs gene in adults. (Lemaitre et al., 1996) Mutations that affect the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides dramatically lower the resistance of flies to infection. (Lemaitre et al., 1996) Expression of pll enhances the transcriptional activity and nuclear localisation of dl. Tl and pll can functionally interact to enhance dl activity synergistically. (Norris and Manley, 1996) In cultured cells and embryos cact degradation is dependent on a pll mediated signal, mutation of a putative phosphorylation motif blocks signal responsiveness. (Reach et al., 1996) Interaction of the pll kinase with the membrane associated tub protein is required for transduction of the dorsoventral signal in embryos. pll can function in signal transduction in the absence of tub and cannot act upstream of tub in the signaling pathway. (Galindo et al., 1995) The interaction of the pll protein with the tub protein is mediated by the putative regulatory domain of pll and not by the protein kinase catalytic domain. (Galindo et al., 1995) Signal-dependent dl phosphorylation is modulated by three intracellular proteins, pll, tub and cact. (Gillespie and Wasserman, 1994) tub acts upstream of pll in the dorsoventral signal transduction pathway. The two-hybrid yeast interaction system demonstrates direct interaction of pll (bait) with tub (prey) to activate a reporter gene, Ecol\lacZ. Combinations pll dl and pll cact did not activate Ecol\lacZ expression. (Grosshans et al., 1994) pll is not essential for viability but lack of pll gene product decreases the chances of survival to adult stages. Different pll alleles interact with a different spectra of tub alleles. Double mutants of tub and pll show higher zygotic lethality than either single mutant. (Hecht and Anderson, 1993) pll acts downstream of Tl indicating that the gene product is part of the machinery that transmits the signal from the Tl receptor to promote nuclear localisation of the dl gene product. (Hecht and Anderson, 1993) Genetic and molecular characterization of pll shows that it encodes a protein kinase, predicted to have a serine and threonine specificity. The pll kinase represents a new member of the raf/mos family. (Shelton and Wasserman, 1993) Double mutant combinations of pll with ea alleles demonstrate that spatial regulation of ea activity by localized zymogen activation is a key initial event in defining the polarity of the dorsal-ventral embryonic pattern. (Chasan et al., 1992) Recessive dorsalizing mutants of the dorsal group gene pll have significantly reduced axial ratios in pupae. (Letsou et al., 1991) Epistatic relationships exist between dorsalizing maternal effect mutations and "dppHin" alleles. (Irish and Gelbart, 1987)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_057623 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_476971 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAA28750 AAF56686 AAL39802 AC009848 AI511673 AW943644 AY069657 L08476 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 43283 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • Q05652
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Death (IPR000488) Protein kinase, catalytic domain (IPR000719) Serine/threonine-protein kinase, active site (IPR008271) Protein kinase-like domain (IPR011009) DEATH-like (IPR011029) Protein kinase, ATP binding site (IPR017441) Serine/threonine-protein kinase-like domain (IPR017442) PDB - Protein Data Bank. An information portal to biological macromolecular structures • 1D2Z 1IK7
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 68170 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0010441 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0010441 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0010441 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG5974-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0010441 FlyReactome - A curated knowledgebase of Drosophila melanogaster pathways • 94054 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 43283 InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL006571-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP002966-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_624002.2 Apis mellifera (honey bee) XP_001943030.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) At4g00960.1 Arabidopsis thaliana (wall cress) 215403 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) BGIBMGA000063-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) ENSBTAP00000028115 Bos taurus (bovine) CN12539 Caenorhabditis brenneri (small nematode) CN13556 Caenorhabditis brenneri (small nematode) CBP32614 Caenorhabditis briggsae (nematode) CE31033 Caenorhabditis elegans (worm) ENSCAFP00000028744 Canis familiaris (dog) JA17197 Caenorhabditis japonica (nematode) CPIJ015474 Culex pipens (mosquito) ENSCPOP00000001602 Cavia porcellus (guinea pig) 158976 Chlamidomonas reinhardtii (green alga) RP32607 Caenorhabditis remanei (nematode) RP40493 Caenorhabditis remanei (nematode) 53959 Capitella spl (polychaete worm) DDB0230123 Dictyostelium discoideum (amoeba) 331814 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) ENSDARP00000067130 Danio rerio (zebra fish) ENSECAP00000007763 Equus caballus (horse) ENSGACP00000005326 Gymnopilus aculeatus (mushroom) ENSGALP00000015600 Gallus gallus (chicken) 181411 Hypsipyla robusta (cedar shoot borer) ENSP00000358997 Homo sapiens (human) ISCW001463-PA Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) 228846 Lottia gigantea (owl limpet) 10450 Monocosta brevicollis (choanoflagellate) ENSMODP00000023115 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMMUP00000026705 Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) ENSMUSP00000074471 Mus musculus (house mouse) XP_001599847.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) ENSOANP00000009429 Ornithorynchus anatinus (platypus) ENSORLP00000003907 Oryzias latipes (japanese killifish) LOC_Os02g06930.1 Oryza sativa (asian rice) PHUM010605-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) 130220 Physcomitrella patens (moss) ENSPPYP00000023353 Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan) 420967 Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood) 575727 Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood) ENSPTRP00000008285 Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) ENSRNOP00000007932 Rattus norvegicus (norway rat) 4874523 Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) XP_782502.2 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin) XP_966383.1 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) ENSTNIP00000007783 Tetraodon nigroviridis (green spotted pufferfish) ENSTNIP00000019071 Tetraodon nigroviridis (green spotted pufferfish) ENSTRUP00000016336 Takifugu rubripes (pufferfish Takifugu) ENSXETP00000031192 Xenopus tropicalis (frog) Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /torstoll/pelle.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 43283 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0010441 OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • NV18154 NV17914 LH17362 ISCW001463 FBgn0067425 FBgn0224570 FBgn0197764 FBgn0165068 JGI_V11_331814 FBgn0079269 FBgn0160640 FBgn0145026 FBgn0124122 FBgn0104417 FBgn0095736 CPIJ015474 BGIBMGA000063 ACYPI009928 GB16397 PELLE PB21665 PHUM518290 GLEAN_15365
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 8 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG5974 (De Gregorio et al., 2002, De Gregorio et al., 2001, Morrison et al., 2000, Pal et al., 2007, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Hernandez-Romano et al., 2008, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Ni et al., 2011.7.19) p11 (Shelton, 1993.3.11) PELLE/IL-1 (Morrison et al., 2000) pll (Christensen et al., 2008.4.15, Zeitouni et al., 2007, Minidorff et al., 2007, Heckscher et al., 2007, Tan et al., 2008, Cook et al., 2009.2.28, Dworkin et al., 2009, Habayeb et al., 2009, Towb et al., 2009, Tauszig-Delamasure et al., 2002)
Name Synonym	pelle (Yip et al., 1997, Akira et al., 2006, Zeitouni et al., 2007, Busse et al., 2007, Buchon et al., 2009, Towb et al., 2009, Huang et al., 2010, Valanne et al., 2010, Zsindely et al., 2009, Mutsuddi et al., 2010) Pelle (Pal et al., 2007, Ryu et al., 2006, Chen et al., 2006, Chen, 2006, Kuranaga and Miura, 2007, Christophides et al., 2002, Goto et al., 2008, Ooi et al., 2002, Roxstrom-Lindquist et al., 2004, Gesellchen et al., 2005, Luo et al., 2001, Cronin et al., 2009, Tauszig-Delamasure et al., 2002, Haghayeghi et al., 2010, Moncrieffe et al., 2008, Wang et al., 2011) PELLE (Waterhouse et al., 2007) Serine/threonine-protein kinase pelle (Hernandez-Romano et al., 2008)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 226 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 226 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 102 ) Supplementary material  ( 6 ) Review  ( 65 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 11 ) Abstract  ( 28 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 ) Stock list  ( 1 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Computer file  ( 3 ) Automatic genome annotation  ( 1 ) Book  ( 2 ) Conference report  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 1 ) Biography  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 5 )
	Wang et al., 2011, Infect. Immun. 79(2): 606--616 Host and Pathogen Glycosaminoglycan-Binding Proteins Modulate Antimicrobial Peptide Responses in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0212806] Haghayeghi et al., 2010, Mech. Dev. 127(5-6): 301--307 Pellino enhances innate immunity in Drosophila. [FBrf0210800] Huang et al., 2010, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107(18): 8322--8327 Endocytic pathway is required for Drosophila Toll innate immune signaling. [FBrf0210737] Mutsuddi et al., 2010, Int. J. Dev. Biol. 54(8-9): 1309--1315 Drosophila Pelle phosphorylates Dichaete protein andinfluences its subcellular distribution in developing oocytes. [FBrf0211847] Valanne et al., 2010, J. Immunol. 184(11): 6188--6198 Genome-wide RNA interference in Drosophila cells identifies G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 as a conserved regulator of NF-kappaB signaling. [FBrf0210846] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2010 Show reviews ...