FB2022_03, released June 9, 2022

Gene: Dmel\dia

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\dia
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
diaphanous
Annotation Symbol
CG1768
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0011202
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
22 publicly available
Gene Summary
diaphanous (dia) encodes the sole Dia-class formin in Drosophila. It nucleates actin filaments de novo and acts as a processive actin polymerase, stimulating actin addition at the barbed end. It plays an essential role in cytokinesis and also regulates cell shape change and protrusion. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

38E.16, l(2)k07135

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
38E7-38E8
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-54
RefSeq locus
NT_033779 REGION:20758144..20768053
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (44 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Rousso et al., 2013)
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Cip4; FB:FBgn0035533
(Yan et al., 2013)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:chic; FB:FBgn0000308
(Webb et al., 2009)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Apc2; FB:FBgn0026598
(Webb et al., 2009)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Eb1; FB:FBgn0027066
(Webb et al., 2009)
enables small GTPase binding
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Rousso et al., 2013)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables actin binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR010472, InterPro:IPR010473
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process (29 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (28 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in actin cytoskeleton reorganization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Abreu-Blanco et al., 2014)
involved_in actin filament organization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Großhans et al., 2005, Afshar et al., 2000)
involved_in actin nucleation
inferred from direct assay
(Yan et al., 2013)
involved_in actomyosin contractile ring assembly
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Giansanti et al., 2004)
involved_in apical constriction
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Chung et al., 2017, Bertet et al., 2009)
involved_in assembly of apicomedial cortex actomyosin
inferred from direct assay
(Chung et al., 2017)
involved_in cellularization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Großhans et al., 2005, Afshar et al., 2000)
involved_in maintenance of protein location in cell
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Dean et al., 2005)
involved_in meiosis I cytokinesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Giansanti et al., 2004)
involved_in meiosis II cytokinesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Giansanti et al., 2004)
involved_in melanotic encapsulation of foreign target
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Howell et al., 2012)
involved_in mitotic cell cycle, embryonic
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Afshar et al., 2000)
involved_in mitotic cytokinesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Dean et al., 2005, Rogers et al., 2003)
involved_in open tracheal system development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Matusek et al., 2006)
involved_in plasma membrane tubulation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Yan et al., 2013)
involved_in pole cell formation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Afshar et al., 2000)
involved_in positive regulation of actin filament polymerization
inferred from direct assay
(Yan et al., 2013)
involved_in positive regulation of wound healing
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Abreu-Blanco et al., 2014)
involved_in protein localization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Yan et al., 2013, Afshar et al., 2000)
involved_in protein secretion
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Massarwa et al., 2009)
involved_in pseudocleavage involved in syncytial blastoderm formation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Webb et al., 2009)
involved_in regulation of actomyosin structure organization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Homem and Peifer, 2008)
involved_in regulation of embryonic cell shape
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Bertet et al., 2009, Homem and Peifer, 2008)
involved_in regulation of filopodium assembly
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Homem and Peifer, 2009)
involved_in salivary gland morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Chung et al., 2017)
involved_in sarcomere organization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Deng et al., 2021)
involved_in sensory perception of sound
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Schoen et al., 2010, Cosetti et al., 2008)
involved_in spindle assembly
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Giansanti et al., 2004)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in actin filament polymerization
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000575131
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Cellular Component (11 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (11 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
colocalizes_with actin filament
inferred from direct assay
(Webb et al., 2009)
located_in apical part of cell
inferred from direct assay
(Massarwa et al., 2009, Corrigall et al., 2007)
colocalizes_with apical plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Rousso et al., 2013)
located_in cell cortex
inferred from direct assay
(Homem and Peifer, 2008)
located_in cleavage furrow
inferred from direct assay
(Yan et al., 2013, Homem and Peifer, 2008)
colocalizes_with cytoneme
inferred from direct assay
(Roy et al., 2014)
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Yan et al., 2013)
is_active_in M band
inferred from direct assay
(Deng et al., 2021)
part_of protein-containing complex
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Apc2; FB:FBgn0026598
(Webb et al., 2009)
located_in vesicle membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Yan et al., 2013)
is_active_in Z disc
inferred from direct assay
(Deng et al., 2021)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the formin homology family. Diaphanous subfamily. (P48608)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
diaphanous (dia) encodes the sole Dia-class formin in Drosophila. It nucleates actin filaments de novo and acts as a processive actin polymerase, stimulating actin addition at the barbed end. It plays an essential role in cytokinesis and also regulates cell shape change and protrusion. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Required for cytokinesis in both mitosis and meiosis. Has a role in actin cytoskeleton organization and is essential for many, if not all, actin-mediated events involving membrane invagination. May serve as a mediator between signaling molecules and actin organizers at specific phases of the cell cycle. Possible component of the contractile ring or may control its function.
(UniProt, P48608)
Summary (Interactive Fly)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
5
Number of Unique Polypeptides
3

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\dia for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure New Section
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry P48608)

If you don't see the viewer to the right, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
dia-RA
FBtr0081410
NM_057633
4743
1091
dia-RB
FBtr0081411
NM_165341
4465
1091
dia-RC
FBtr0305960
NM_001259183
1775
130
dia-RD
FBtr0305961
NM_001259184
3797
1098
dia-RE
FBtr0335145
NM_001273711
5260
1091
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

4.8, 4.4 (northern blot)

(Castrillon and Wasserman, 1994)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
dia-PA
FBpp0080940
123.2
1091
8.25
P48608
NP_476981
AAF53922
dia-PB
FBpp0080941
123.2
1091
8.25
P48608
NP_724285
AAN11087
dia-PC
FBpp0297102
14.5
130
10.05
D1Z399
NP_001246112
AFH03786
dia-PD
FBpp0297103
124.0
1098
8.51
M9NCZ5
NP_001246113
AFH03787
dia-PE
FBpp0307144
123.2
1091
8.25
P48608
NP_001260640
AGB93175
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

1091 aa isoforms: dia-PA, dia-PB, dia-PE
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

1091 (aa); 123 (kD predicted)

(Castrillon and Wasserman, 1994)
Comments
External Data
Domain

The DAD domain regulates activation via by an autoinhibitory interaction with the GBD/FH3 domain. This autoinhibition is released upon competitive binding of an activated GTPase. The release of DAD allows the FH2 domain to then nucleate and elongate nonbranched actin filaments (By similarity).

(UniProt, P48608)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\dia using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that the Fly Cell Atlas project found the gene expressed in that cell type. Darker colors mean that more cells of that cell type express the gene:
 low
high 
Colorless tiles indicate that there is no scRNAseq data for the gene in that cell type.
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data (RNA and/or protein) has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
Colored tiles in the ribbon indicate the average RNA expression level of the gene at the indicated stages:
 low
high 
as determined by RNA-seq (RPKM) using whole organism samples modENCODE, Brown et al., 2014. For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 14 -- 17
embryonic/larval tracheal section
(Massarwa et al., 2009)
embryonic/larval hindgut
(Massarwa et al., 2009)
embryonic/larval Malpighian tubule
(Massarwa et al., 2009)
embryonic/larval salivary gland
(Massarwa et al., 2009)
embryonic/larval proventriculus
(Massarwa et al., 2009)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage | female
(Castrillon and Wasserman, 1994)
adult stage | male
(Castrillon and Wasserman, 1994)
Additional Descriptive Data

dia transcript is expressed predominantly in tubular organs, including trachea, salivary glands, Malpighian tubules, the hindgut and the proventriculus, starting at embryonic stage 14. Transcript is localized to the apical side, facing the tube lumen.

(Massarwa et al., 2009)

dia transcripts are expressed in both males and females and are not germline specific.

(Castrillon and Wasserman, 1994)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 14 -- 17
embryonic/larval tracheal section
(Massarwa et al., 2009)
embryonic/larval hindgut
(Massarwa et al., 2009)
embryonic/larval Malpighian tubule
(Massarwa et al., 2009)
embryonic/larval salivary gland
(Massarwa et al., 2009)
embryonic/larval proventriculus
(Massarwa et al., 2009)
third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction
(Pawson et al., 2008)
day 1 of adulthood
indirect flight muscle cell
• M band
(Deng et al., 2021)
day 2 of adulthood
indirect flight muscle cell
• Z disc
(Deng et al., 2021)
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
day 5 of adulthood & male -- day 7 of adulthood & male
spermatozoon
(Wasbrough et al., 2010)
Additional Descriptive Data

dia protein localizes mainly to the M lines in the indirect flight muscle sarcomere 1 day after eclosion and then sifts to the Z disc as the sarcomers stop growing.

(Deng et al., 2021)

dia protein is apically localized in tubular organs.

(Massarwa et al., 2009)

dia protein is found pre- and postsynaptically at the third instar larval neuromuscular junction.

(Pawson et al., 2008)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
colocalizes_with actin filament
inferred from direct assay
(Webb et al., 2009)
located_in apical part of cell
inferred from direct assay
(Massarwa et al., 2009, Corrigall et al., 2007)
colocalizes_with apical plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Rousso et al., 2013)
located_in cell cortex
inferred from direct assay
(Homem and Peifer, 2008)
located_in cleavage furrow
inferred from direct assay
(Yan et al., 2013, Homem and Peifer, 2008)
colocalizes_with cytoneme
inferred from direct assay
(Roy et al., 2014)
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Yan et al., 2013)
is_active_in M band
inferred from direct assay
(Deng et al., 2021)
part_of protein-containing complex
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Apc2; FB:FBgn0026598
(Webb et al., 2009)
located_in vesicle membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Yan et al., 2013)
is_active_in Z disc
inferred from direct assay
(Deng et al., 2021)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\dia in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 25 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 26 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of dia
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of dia
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 20 )
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal
lethal (with Df(2L)DS9)
lethal | embryonic stage | non-rescuable maternal effect | recessive
lethal | maternal effect | recessive
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die before end of P-stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4NP0761
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage | recessive
lethal - all die during embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4e22c
partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4NP1046
partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Sterility
Allele
female sterile | recessive
fertile
male sterile
male sterile | recessive
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal auditory perception, with Scer\GAL4JO15
abnormal auditory perception, with Scer\GAL4NP1046
abnormal auditory perception, with Scer\GAL4NP1245
abnormal auditory perception, with Scer\GAL4NP6303
abnormal auditory perception | dominant
abnormal cell migration | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4fkh.PH
abnormal cell shape, with Scer\GAL4pnr.PU
abnormal cell shape | embryonic stage 11, with Scer\GAL4fkh.PH
abnormal cell shape | extended germ band stage
abnormal cytokinesis | male (with Df(2L)TW84)
abnormal cytokinesis | male | recessive
abnormal cytokinesis | recessive
abnormal cytokinesis | somatic clone
abnormal immune response | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Hml.PG
abnormal meiotic cell cycle | male (with Df(2L)TW84)
abnormal meiotic cell cycle | male | recessive
abnormal mitotic cell cycle | male (with Df(2L)TW84)
abnormal mitotic cell cycle | male | recessive
abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage
abnormal neurophysiology | dominant
abnormal size | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4dpp.PU
abnormal wound healing | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4VP16.mat.αTub67C
decreased cell number | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4srp.Hemo
decreased cell number | spermatogenesis
decreased occurrence of cell division | spermatogenesis
neoplasia | larval stage, with Scer\GAL430A
neoplasia | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4dpp.PU
some die during embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4e22c
some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4NP0761
some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
some die during pupal stage | recessive
visible, with Scer\GAL4en.PU
visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
wild-type
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
actin filament & embryonic/larval tracheal system
actin filament & embryonic/larval tracheal system, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS
actin filament | embryonic stage | germline clone
air sac primordium | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS
amnioserosa, with Scer\GAL4c381
amnioserosa, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
amnioserosa | maternal effect (with dia2)
amnioserosa | maternal effect (with dia5)
border follicle cell, with Scer\GAL4slbo.2.6
bract | somatic clone
centrosome | embryonic stage | germline clone
connective, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
contractile ring & meiotic cell cycle | male
contractile ring & meiotic cell cycle | male (with Df(2L)TW84)
cyst cell of testis
cytoskeleton | embryonic stage | germline clone
denticle belt | germline clone
ectoderm | extended germ band stage
egg chamber
egg chamber | somatic clone
embryo | blastoderm stage | germline clone
embryo | dorsal closure stage | germline clone
embryo | embryonic cycle 11 | maternal effect
embryo | gastrula stage | germline clone
embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | germline clone
embryonic/larval plasmatocyte | decreased number | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4srp.Hemo
embryonic/larval tracheal dorsal trunk, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS
embryonic/larval tracheal dorsal trunk, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
embryonic/larval tracheal dorsal trunk, with Scer\GAL4prd.RG1
embryonic epidermis, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
embryonic epidermis, with Scer\GAL4prd.RG1
embryonic head | germline clone
embryonic leading edge cell, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
epidermal cell, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
epithelial cell | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
epithelium | somatic clone
external sensory organ precursor cell, with Scer\GAL4pnr.PU
eye
eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
eye disc morphogenetic furrow | somatic clone
filamentous actin, with Scer\GAL4slbo.2.6
filopodium
filopodium, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
filopodium | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
follicle cell
follicle cell | somatic clone
furrow canal | embryonic stage 4 | maternal effect
furrow canal | germline clone
fusion competent cell, with Scer\GAL4sns.PK
ganglion mother cell | larval stage
germ band, with Scer\GAL4srp.Hemo
imaginal disc
lamellipodium
lamellipodium, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
larval central nervous system & neuroblast
larval neuroblast | larval stage
male germline cell | spermatogenesis
mesothoracic tergum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
mesothoracic tergum | pupal stage | somatic clone
mesothoracic tergum | pupal stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4FRT.Act5C
microtubule | embryonic stage | germline clone
Nebenkern
Nebenkern (with Df(2L)TW84)
nucleus | embryonic stage | germline clone
nucleus | larval stage, with Scer\GAL430A
organism | dorsal closure stage, with Scer\GAL4c381
organism | dorsal closure stage | maternal effect (with dia2)
organism | dorsal closure stage | maternal effect (with dia5)
pole bud | germline clone
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
primordial germ cell | germline clone
salivary gland body primordium | embryonic stage 11, with Scer\GAL4fkh.PH
salivary gland body primordium | embryonic stage 14, with Scer\GAL4fkh.PH
spermatid
spermatid & nucleus | supernumerary
spermatid & nucleus | supernumerary (with Df(2L)TW84)
spermatocyte
spindle & meiotic cell cycle | male
spindle & meiotic cell cycle | male (with Df(2L)TW84)
symmetrical commissure, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
testis
tormogen cell | somatic clone
tracheal fusion cell, with Scer\GAL4btl.PS
ventral furrow | non-rescuable maternal effect
ventral thoracic disc, with Scer\GAL4dpp.PU
wing, with Scer\GAL4en.PU
wing disc, with Scer\GAL430A
wing disc, with Scer\GAL4dpp.PU
wing hinge primordium, with Scer\GAL430A
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Homo sapiens (Human) (16)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Hsap\DIAPH2
14 of 15
Yes
Yes
Hsap\DIAPH1
12 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\DIAPH3
12 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\DAAM1
3 of 15
No
No
Hsap\DAAM2
3 of 15
No
No
Hsap\INF2
2 of 15
No
No
8  
Hsap\FAM47A
1 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\FAM47B
1 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\FAM47C
1 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\FHDC1
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\FHOD1
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\FHOD3
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\FMNL1
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\FMNL2
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\FMNL3
1 of 15
No
No
1  
Hsap\GRID2IP
1 of 15
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (12)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Mmus\Diaph1
13 of 15
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Diaph2
13 of 15
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Diaph3
12 of 15
No
Yes
Mmus\Daam1
3 of 15
No
No
1  
Mmus\Daam2
3 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Inf2
2 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Fhod1
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Fhod3
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Fmnl1
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Fmnl2
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Fmnl3
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Grid2ip
1 of 15
No
No
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (9)
Rnor\Diaph1
9 of 13
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Diaph3
9 of 13
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Daam1
2 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Daam2
2 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Diaph2
2 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\LOC102547039
2 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Fhdc1
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Fhod3
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Inf2
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (13)
Xtro\diaph2
5 of 12
Yes
Yes
Xtro\diaph1
3 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\daam1
2 of 12
No
No
Xtro\diaph3
2 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\inf2
2 of 12
No
No
Xtro\LOC100496216
2 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\LOC101731433
2 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\fhdc1
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\fhod1
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\fhod3
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\fmnl1
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\LOC100489883
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\LOC101733308
1 of 12
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (22)
Drer\diaph2
7 of 15
Yes
Yes
Drer\diaph3
4 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\daam1b
3 of 15
No
No
Drer\daam1a
2 of 15
No
No
Drer\daam2
2 of 15
No
No
Drer\fhdc2
2 of 15
No
No
Drer\fhdc4
2 of 15
No
No
Drer\inf2
2 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\LOC101882228
2 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\LOC101886015
2 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\fhdc1
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\fhdc3
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\fhod1
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\fhod3a
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\fhod3b
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\fmnl2a
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\grid2ipb
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\LOC101882071
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\LOC101882656
1 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\LOC101883438
1 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\LOC101885099
1 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\si:ch211-63p21.2
1 of 15
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (5)
Cele\cyk-1
12 of 15
Yes
Yes
Cele\daam-1
5 of 15
No
No
Cele\fhod-1
2 of 15
No
No
Cele\inft-2
2 of 15
No
No
Cele\frl-1
1 of 15
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (20)
Atha\AFH1
2 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\AFH14
2 of 9
Yes
No
Atha\AT1G59910
2 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT2G43800
2 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT3G05470
2 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT3G07540
2 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT3G32400
2 of 9
Yes
No
Atha\AT5G48360
2 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\Fh5
2 of 9
Yes
No
Atha\FH6
2 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\FH8
2 of 9
Yes
No
Atha\AT2G25050
1 of 9
No
No
Atha\AT3G25493
1 of 9
No
Yes
Atha\AT5G07650
1 of 9
No
No
Atha\AT5G07740
1 of 9
No
No
Atha\AT5G07760
1 of 9
No
No
Atha\AT5G07770
1 of 9
No
No
Atha\AT5G58160
1 of 9
No
No
Atha\FH4
1 of 9
No
No
Atha\FH19
1 of 9
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (2)
Scer\BNI1
4 of 15
Yes
No
Scer\BNR1
4 of 15
Yes
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (3)
Spom\for3
5 of 12
Yes
Yes
Spom\cdc12
4 of 12
No
Yes
Spom\fus1
2 of 12
No
No
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (5)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
orthoMCL
Panther
RoundUp
Alignment
DAAM
5 of 10
form3
3 of 10
Frl
3 of 10
capu
1 of 10
Fhos
1 of 10
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Model Summary Ribbon
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 3 )
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 4 )
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
DIAPH2; diaphanous related formin 2
14 of 15
300108
DIAPH1; diaphanous related formin 1
12 of 15
602121
DIAPH3; diaphanous related formin 3
12 of 15
614567
DAAM1; dishevelled associated activator of morphogenesis 1
3 of 15
606626
      DAAM2; dishevelled associated activator of morphogenesis 2
      3 of 15
      606627
        Functional Complementation Data
        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
        Interactions
        Summary of Physical Interactions
        Summary of Genetic Interactions
        esyN Network Diagram
        esyN Network Key:
        Suppression
        Enhancement
        View in Interactions Browser
        Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        dia
        enhanceable
        Apc2
        (Webb et al., 2009)
        dia
        suppressible
        ex
        (Sansores-Garcia et al., 2011)
        dia
        suppressible
        hpo
        (Sansores-Garcia et al., 2011)
        dia
        suppressible
        spi
        (Peng et al., 2012)
        dia
        suppressible
        wts
        (Sansores-Garcia et al., 2011)
        dia
        suppressible
        yki
        (Sansores-Garcia et al., 2011)
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        Abl
        enhanceable
        dia
        (Grevengoed et al., 2003)
        Apc2
        enhanceable
        dia
        (Webb et al., 2009)
        Csk
        enhanceable
        dia
        (Rudrapatna et al., 2014)
        CycB
        enhanceable
        dia
        (Ji et al., 2002)
        CycB
        suppressible
        dia
        (Ji et al., 2002)
        Egfr|psq
        suppressible
        dia
        (Fereres et al., 2019)
        kay
        suppressible
        Lam|dia
        (Belyaeva et al., 2022)
        kay
        suppressible
        LamC|dia
        (Belyaeva et al., 2022)
        kay
        suppressible
        dia
        (Belyaeva et al., 2022)
        LIMK1
        suppressible
        dia
        (Chen et al., 2004, Ng and Luo, 2004)
        Myc
        suppressible
        dia
        (Levayer et al., 2015)
        pbl
        enhanceable
        dia
        (Gregory et al., 2007, Prokopenko et al., 1999)
        pbl
        suppressible
        dia
        (Gregory et al., 2007)
        Ret
        suppressible
        dia
        (Fereres et al., 2019)
        Rho1
        enhanceable
        dia
        (Homem and Peifer, 2008)
        Rho1
        suppressible
        dia
        (Prokopenko et al., 1999)
        Rok
        enhanceable
        dia
        (Warner and Longmore, 2009)
        Rok
        suppressible
        dia
        (Verdier et al., 2006)
        shot
        suppressible
        dia
        (Sun et al., 2019)
        Shrm
        suppressible
        dia
        (Hildebrand et al., 2021)
        step
        suppressible
        dia|zip
        (Lee and Harris, 2013)
        yki
        enhanceable
        dia
        (Gerlach et al., 2018)
        External Data
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Pathways
        Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
        Metabolic Pathways
        FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
        External Data
        Linkouts
        KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.
        Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
        Chromosome (arm)
        2L
        Recombination map
        2-54
        Cytogenetic map
        38E7-38E8
        Sequence location
        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Evidence for location
        38E7-38E8
        Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}Hr3802306&P{PZ}dia1 and P{EP}CG31673EP432
        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Notes
        References
        38A1-39E1
        (Giansanti et al., 2004)
        38E5-38E6
        (determined by in situ hybridisation)
        (Spradling et al., 1999)
        38E1-38E10
        38E5--6
        (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
        Location based on deficiency mapping.
        (Giansanti et al., 2004)
        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
        Location

        2-54

        (FlyBase, 2016)

        2-54.1

        (Comeron et al., 2012)

        2-

        (Giansanti et al., 2004)
        Left of (cM)
        Right of (cM)
        Notes
        Stocks and Reagents
        Stocks (22)
        Genomic Clones (21)
        cDNA Clones (40)
         

        Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

        cDNA clones, fully sequenced
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
         
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Other Information
        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database identify of

        Source for identity of: dia CG1768

        (Lei, 1999.11)
        Source for database merge of

        Source for merge of: dia l(2)k07135

        (Spradling et al., 1999)
        Additional comments

        null alleles lethal.

        Other Comments

        dia is required for establishing and maintaining distinct lateral and basal domains during cellularisation. Mutant embryos show an increased number of membrane extensions and endocytic activity in the basal domain, indicating a suppressing role of dia on membrane invaginations.

        (Yan et al., 2013)

        dia is required for generation of apical F-actin in diverse types of epithelial tubes in the embryo.

        (Massarwa et al., 2009)

        dia is required for furrow canal formation during cellularisation.

        (Großhans et al., 2005)

        dsRNA directed against this gene causes defects in cytokinesis when tested in an RNAi screen in S2 cells.

        (Echard et al., 2004)

        RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene causes a binucleation phenotype when assayed in Kc167 cells.

        (Eggert et al., 2004)

        dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.

        (Kiger et al., 2003)

        RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene causes a phenotype when assayed in Kc167 and S2R+ cells: binucleate cells with increased or polarized (uneven) accumulation of F-actin.

        (Kiger et al., 2003)

        dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene is tested in an RNAi screen for effects on actin-based lamella formation.

        (Rogers et al., 2003)

        dia has a role in actin cytoskeleton organisation.

        (Afshar et al., 2000)

        dia function is required for cytokinesis.

        (Castrillon and Wasserman, 1994)

        Proliferation defect locus.

        (Castrillon et al., 1993)
        Origin and Etymology
        Discoverer
        Etymology
        Identification
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 73 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
        UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
        UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
        EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
        FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
        GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
        iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
        InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
        modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
        Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
        KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.
        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (10)
        Reported As
        Symbol Synonym
        38E.16
        (Butler, 2001, Butler et al., 2001, McGill Drosophila Genome Project, 2001.9.25)
        CG1768
        (Çiçek et al., 2016, Hosono et al., 2015, Christis and Munro, 2012, Howell et al., 2012, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Rogers et al., 2003, Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000)
        DIA
        (D'Avino et al., 2005)
        Dia
        (Camelo and Luschnig, 2021, Kapoor et al., 2021, Loganathan et al., 2021, Noyes et al., 2021, Xie et al., 2021, Carim et al., 2020, Gheisari et al., 2020, Kirkland et al., 2020, Ko and Martin, 2020, Kong and Großhans, 2020, López-Gay et al., 2020, Popkova et al., 2020, Skouloudaki et al., 2020, Thestrup et al., 2020, Jiang and Harris, 2019, Adler, 2018, Schmidt and Grosshans, 2018, Chung et al., 2017, Gilmour et al., 2017, Qin et al., 2017, Tran and Ten Hagen, 2017, Bothe and Baylies, 2016, Enomoto et al., 2015, Flores-Benitez and Knust, 2015, Levayer et al., 2015, Lu et al., 2015, Rodal et al., 2015, Rosa et al., 2015, Abreu-Blanco et al., 2014, Acharya et al., 2014, Haralalka et al., 2014, Lammel et al., 2014, Li et al., 2014, Nowotarski et al., 2014, Pichaud, 2014, Poukkula et al., 2014, Antunes et al., 2013, Jaiswal et al., 2013, Khoo et al., 2013, Lee and Harris, 2013, Matsui and Lai, 2013, Parkhurst, 2013.10.2, Zhang et al., 2013, Förster and Luschnig, 2012, Rojas-Ríos et al., 2012, Laplante and Nilson, 2011, Muyskens and Guillemin, 2011, Blanchard et al., 2010, Laplante et al., 2010, Warner and Longmore, 2009, Warner and Longmore, 2009, Cavey et al., 2008, Hickson and O'Farrell, 2008, Homem and Peifer, 2008, Llense and Martín-Blanco, 2008, Mulinari et al., 2008, Stevens et al., 2008, Bakal et al., 2007, Homem and Peifer, 2007, Webb et al., 2007, Matusek et al., 2006, Price et al., 2006, Padash Barmchi et al., 2005, Zavortink et al., 2005, Pedra et al., 2004)
        Diaphanous
        (Perez-Vale and Peifer, 2020)
        Dias
        (Bertet et al., 2009)
        dia
        (Belyaeva et al., 2022, Bilder et al., 2021, Bischoff et al., 2021, Deng et al., 2021, Hu et al., 2021, Schmidt et al., 2021, Chougule et al., 2020, Deng et al., 2020, Lv et al., 2020, Meltzer and Schuldiner, 2020.6.25, Ponte et al., 2020, Blake-Hedges and Megraw, 2019, Boucher et al., 2019, Gao et al., 2019, Jiang et al., 2019, Lee and Chen, 2019, Meltzer et al., 2019, Myat et al., 2019, Tegeder et al., 2019, Córdoba and Estella, 2018, Du et al., 2018, Nithianandam and Chien, 2018, Vu et al., 2018, Bodeen et al., 2017, Cheng et al., 2017, Couturier et al., 2017, Pinheiro et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Clandinin and Owens, 2016-, Huang et al., 2016, Rousso et al., 2016, Aradska et al., 2015, Davis et al., 2015, Deng et al., 2015, Goins and Mullins, 2015, Inaba et al., 2015, Munjal et al., 2015, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, Pézeron et al., 2014, Roy et al., 2014, Rudrapatna et al., 2014, Founounou et al., 2013, Külshammer and Uhlirova, 2013, Lee and Harris, 2013, Rousso et al., 2013, Vaque et al., 2013, Yan et al., 2013, Giansanti et al., 2012, Howell et al., 2012, Lesch and Page, 2012, Peng et al., 2012, Friedman et al., 2011, Guan et al., 2011, Levayer et al., 2011, Neumüller et al., 2011, Tucker et al., 2011, Vlachos and Harden, 2011, Cao et al., 2010, Kadandale et al., 2010, Neisch et al., 2010, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Bertet et al., 2009, Delon and Brown, 2009, Homem and Peifer, 2009, Massarwa et al., 2009, Webb et al., 2009, Widmann and Dahmann, 2009, Castellanos et al., 2008, Cosetti et al., 2008, Homem and Peifer, 2008, Matusek et al., 2008, Mulinari et al., 2008, Pawson et al., 2008, Bakal et al., 2007, Corrigall et al., 2007, Pichaud et al., 2007, Sandmann et al., 2007, Stuart et al., 2007, Wang and Riechmann, 2007, Williams et al., 2007, Hickson et al., 2006, Janody and Treisman, 2006, Kuranaga et al., 2006, Verdier et al., 2006, Padash Barmchi et al., 2005)
        l(2)k07135
        (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
        ms(2)04138
        Name Synonyms
        Diaphanous
        (Davidson and Wood, 2020, Thestrup et al., 2020, Kobb et al., 2019, Adler, 2018, Córdoba and Estella, 2018, Tran and Ten Hagen, 2017, Martin, 2016, Rousso et al., 2016, Goins and Mullins, 2015, Levayer et al., 2015, Rikhy et al., 2015, Rosa et al., 2015, Abreu-Blanco et al., 2014, Gupta et al., 2014, Li et al., 2014, Nowotarski et al., 2014, Antunes et al., 2013, Khoo et al., 2013, Lee and Harris, 2013, Rousso et al., 2013, Gates, 2012, Laplante and Nilson, 2011, Blanchard et al., 2010, Castoreno et al., 2010, Neisch et al., 2010, Delon and Brown, 2009, Homem and Peifer, 2009, Webb et al., 2009, Cao et al., 2008, Cavey et al., 2008, Homem and Peifer, 2008, Homem and Peifer, 2008, Mulinari et al., 2008, Prokopenko and Chia, 2008, Homem and Peifer, 2007, Prokopenko and Chia, 2007, Webb et al., 2007, Price et al., 2006, Higgs and Peterson, 2005, Zavortink et al., 2005, Rogers et al., 2003)
        diaphanous
        (Roy et al., 2014, Rudrapatna et al., 2014, Giansanti et al., 2012, Lesch and Page, 2012, Guan et al., 2011, Cao et al., 2010, Schoen et al., 2010, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Shalaby et al., 2009, Castellanos et al., 2008, Cosetti et al., 2008, Hoopfer et al., 2008, Pawson et al., 2008, Silverman-Gavrila et al., 2008, Gregory et al., 2007, Pichaud, 2007, Pichaud et al., 2007, Wang and Riechmann, 2007, Williams et al., 2007, Minin et al., 2006, Verdier et al., 2006, Dean et al., 2005, Padash Barmchi et al., 2005, Lecuit, 2004)
        Secondary FlyBase IDs
        • FBgn0022100
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        Study result (0)
        Result
        Result Type
        Title
        References (327)