FB2025_02 , released April 17, 2025
Gene: Dmel\Sema1a
Open Close
General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Sema1a
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Semaphorin 1a
Annotation Symbol
CG18405
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0011259
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
Semaphorin 1a (Sema1a) encodes a transmembrane protein belonging to the semaphorin protein family. It is a repulsive axon guidance cue, signaling through direct interactions with the receptor encoded by PlexA, and also functions as a receptor to regulate dendrite targeting and axon guidance. Secreted semaphorins encoded by Sema2a and Sema2b can act as the product of Sema1a ligands. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

Sema-1a, Sema 1a, D-SemaI, SemaI, semaphorin

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-33
RefSeq locus
NT_033779 REGION:8542147..8672041
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (17 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:PlexA; FB:FBgn0025741
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000867340
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR027231, InterPro:IPR042068
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000112368
traceable author statement
Biological Process (11 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (9 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Rho1; FB:FBgn0014020
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:PlexA; FB:FBgn0025741
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Rho1; FB:FBgn0014020
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:PlexA; FB:FBgn0025741
involved_in synapse assembly
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in axon guidance
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000112368
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000744245
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000867340
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000112368
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in membrane
inferred from sequence or structural similarity
is_active_in plasma membrane
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000867340
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the semaphorin family. (Q24322)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Semaphorin 1a (Sema1a) encodes a transmembrane protein belonging to the semaphorin protein family. It is a repulsive axon guidance cue, signaling through direct interactions with the receptor encoded by PlexA, and also functions as a receptor to regulate dendrite targeting and axon guidance. Secreted semaphorins encoded by Sema2a and Sema2b can act as the product of Sema1a ligands. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
SEMAPHORINS -
The Semaphorins are a family of membrane and secreted short-range signaling proteins, originally characterized for their role in axon guidance. The major signal transducing receptors for the semaphorins are the plexins. (Adapted from FBrf0233112, FBrf0137217 and PMID:23253452).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Involved in growth cone guidance through its role in axonal repulsion (PubMed:15282266, PubMed:8269517). Function in neurons is essential for adult survival, motor neuron survival, and is important for climbing behavior and activity (PubMed:37041188).
(UniProt, Q24322)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

axon guidance transmembrane protein - motor axons requiring Sema-1a for choice-point defasciculation - Sema-1a reverse signaling promotes midline crossing in response to secreted semaphorins - prevents Drosophila olfactory projection neuron dendrites from mis-targeting into select antennal lobe regions

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
7
Number of Unique Polypeptides
6

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Sema1a for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q24322)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Comments on Gene Model

Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated

Gene model reviewed during 5.44

Alternative translation stop created by use of multiphasic reading frames within coding region.

Stop-codon suppression (UGA) postulated; FBrf0216884.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Gene model reviewed during 5.56

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0079691
5661
899
FBtr0303877
9706
905
FBtr0303878
9624
905
FBtr0303879
7980
826
FBtr0329930
5679
1131
FBtr0329931
9751
820
FBtr0329932
7826
817
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0079302
101.1
899
7.41
FBpp0292881
101.6
905
7.41
FBpp0302962
126.3
1131
7.25
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

905 aa isoforms: Sema1a-PD, Sema1a-PE
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Sema1a using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.52

Transcript Expression
No Assay Recorded
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

Additional Descriptive Data

Sema1a expression is first detected at embryonic stage 10 and reaches a peak at stage 16. It is expressed in most CNS neurons. It is weakly expressed in the PNS, mainly in lateral sensory clusters.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

Sema1a is widely expressed in the thoracic neuromere but expression decreases towards the midline where it is at its lowest.

Sema1a protein is expressed in the lateral antennal lobe. The level of expression of Sema1a is opposite to the one of Sema2b : if the expression level of Sema1a is high, the one of Sema2a is low, and vice-versa.

Sema1a is first detected in sensory neuropil at embryonic stage 13 and persists until the end of embryogenesis. The highest levels are in the lateral and intermediate portions of layers 1 and 3, with lower levels in layer 2 and none in layer 4 (layers 1-4 defining four regions in the dorsal/ventral axis with 1 being the dorsal-most layer).

Sema1a protein is expressed in the cell bodies and axons of the photoreceptors in the lamina, medulla and optic stalk. It also labels axons of other cells in the medulla.

In the late third instar larva, Sema1a protein is diffusely distributed in brain, preferentially in the optic lobes. Sema1a protein is also expressed in the thoracic segments of the ventral nerve cord, and at the midline of the thoracic and abdominal segments. At prepupal stages, Sema1a protein is localized to the central brain, optic lobes, subesophageal neuromere, connectives, and the thoracic neuromeres. At mid-pupal stages when the giant fiber--tergotrochanteral muscle motor neuron synapses are forming, the Sema1a expression pattern becomes more refined. At these stages, Sema1a protein is localized to several layers of the medulla, the alpha and alpha' lobes of the mushroom body, and the outer neuropil of the neuromeres. Expression fades in later pharate adult stages.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Sema1a in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 39 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 26 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Sema1a
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Sema1a
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 2 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
abdominal ventral longitudinal muscle & synapse
axon & alpha'-lobe | somatic clone
axon & antennal glomerulus DA1 | somatic clone
axon & antennal glomerulus DC3 | somatic clone
axon & antennal glomerulus DL1 | somatic clone | cell autonomous
axon & antennal glomerulus VM2 | somatic clone
axon & beta'-lobe | somatic clone
axon & eye photoreceptor cell
axon & eye photoreceptor cell, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
axon & eye photoreceptor cell (with Df(2L)N22-5)
axon & eye photoreceptor cell | somatic clone | cell autonomous
axon & lamina, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
axon & lamina (with Df(2L)N22-5)
axon & lamina | somatic clone | somatic clone | cell autonomous
axon & medulla, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
dendrite & antennal glomerulus | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4GH146
dendrite & antennal glomerulus DA1 | somatic clone
dendrite & antennal glomerulus DC3 | somatic clone
dendrite & antennal glomerulus DL1 | somatic clone
eye photoreceptor cell & lamina
eye photoreceptor cell & lamina, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
eye photoreceptor cell & lamina (with Df(2L)N22-5)
eye photoreceptor cell & lamina | somatic clone | cell autonomous
eye photoreceptor cell & medulla, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
nerve terminal & lamina plexus, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
photoreceptor cell R1 & axon
photoreceptor cell R1 & lamina
photoreceptor cell R2 & axon
photoreceptor cell R2 & lamina
photoreceptor cell R3 & axon
photoreceptor cell R3 & lamina
photoreceptor cell R4 & axon
photoreceptor cell R4 & lamina
photoreceptor cell R5 & axon
photoreceptor cell R5 & lamina
photoreceptor cell R6 & axon
photoreceptor cell R7 & lamina
RP3 neuron & synapse
RP5 neuron & synapse
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (30)
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
8 of 14
No
Yes
5 of 14
No
No
5 of 14
No
No
5 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
Yes
4 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
1  
3 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
1  
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (20)
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
8 of 14
No
Yes
8 of 14
No
Yes
5 of 14
No
No
5 of 14
No
No
5 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (21)
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
8 of 14
No
Yes
5 of 14
No
No
5 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
Yes
4 of 14
No
Yes
4 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (22)
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
6 of 13
No
Yes
6 of 13
No
Yes
4 of 13
No
No
4 of 13
No
No
4 of 13
No
Yes
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
No
2 of 13
No
Yes
2 of 13
No
Yes
2 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (35)
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
8 of 14
No
Yes
8 of 14
No
Yes
8 of 14
No
Yes
8 of 14
No
Yes
5 of 14
No
No
5 of 14
No
No
5 of 14
No
No
5 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (8)
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (7)
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Sema1a. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (6)
11 of 13
5 of 13
5 of 13
3 of 13
1 of 13
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 2 )
Human Ortholog
Disease
Evidence
References
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Functional Complementation Data
Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
Interactions
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interaction Browsers

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
External Data
Linkouts
BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
Pathways
Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
Metabolic Pathways
FlyBase
External Links
External Data
Class of Gene
Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
Chromosome (arm)
2L
Recombination map
2-33
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Evidence for location
29E1-29E3
Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}lmg03424 and P{lacW}Sema-1ak13702
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Notes
References
29E1-29E2
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Stocks and Reagents
Stocks (141)
Genomic Clones (66)
cDNA Clones (55)
 

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
          RNAi and Array Information
          Linkouts
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Antibody Information
          Laboratory Generated Antibodies
           
          Commercially Available Antibodies
           
          Cell Line Information
          Publicly Available Cell Lines
           
            Other Stable Cell Lines
             
              Other Comments

              Sema-1a forward signaling is largely responsible for Sema-1a-mediated central nervous system axon guidance, whereas both forward and reverse signaling are required for Sema-1a-mediated peripheral nervous system motor axon pathfinding.

              Sema-1a-mediated motor axon defasciculation is promoted by pbl and inhibited by RhoGAPp190. The opposing pbl and RhoGAPp190 functions mediate Sema-1a reverse signaling through the regulation of Rho1 activity.

              Sema-1a acts non-autonomously to control olfactory receptor neuron axon-axon interactions. Sema-1a protein on antennal olfactory receptor neurons is required for correct targeting of maxillary palp olfactory receptor neuron axons within the antennal lobe.

              nvy and Sema-1a function in the same signaling pathway but have opposing effects. nvy acts downstream of Sema-1a to regulate repulsive axon guidance.

              otk appears to ne an important component for repulsive signalling in response to Semaphorin ligands in axon guidance.

              Sema-1a mediates axonal guidance defasciculation events by acting as an axonally localised repellent.

              Sema-1a is required for the correct guidance of motor axons and for the formation of central nervous system pathways.

              Sema-1a encodes a transmembrane protein whose distribution suggests a function in axon guidance.

              Identified on basis of similarity to grasshopper semaphorin.

              Relationship to Other Genes
              Source for database merge of

              Source for merge of: Sema-1a BcDNA:RE36155

              Additional comments

              Source for merge of Sema-1a BcDNA:RE36155 was a shared cDNA ( date:030728 ).

              Nomenclature History
              Source for database identify of

              Source for identity of: Sema1a Sema-1a

              Nomenclature comments
              Etymology
              Synonyms and Secondary IDs (39)
              Reported As
              Symbol Synonym
              BcDNA:RE36155
              D-Sema I
              D-Sema-I
              Fas-IV
              d-sema I
              l(2)k13702
              Secondary FlyBase IDs
              • FBgn0021877
              • FBgn0063028
              Datasets (0)
              Study focus (0)
              Experimental Role
              Project
              Project Type
              Title
              Study result (0)
              Result
              Result Type
              Title
              External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 79 )
              Sequence Crossreferences
              NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
              GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
              GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
              RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
              UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
              UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              Other crossreferences
              AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
              BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
              DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
              EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
              FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
              FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
              KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
              MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
              PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
              Linkouts
              BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
              DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
              Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
              FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
              FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
              Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
              Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
              FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
              iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
              Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
              MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              References (240)