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Gene Dmel\Dif

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Dif	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	Dorsal-related immunity factor	Annotation symbol	CG6794
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0011274
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	11 publicly available
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2L	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	36C7-36C8	Sequence location	2L:17,413,248..17,439,923 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene Dorsal-related immunity factor is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\Dif (CG6794, FBgn0011274). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity; protein binding; sequence-specific DNA binding; RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in positive regulation of transcription; DNA binding. There is experimental evidence for 11 unique biological process terms, many of which group under: biological regulation; defense response; anatomical structure development; hemocyte differentiation; multi-organism process; response to stress; defense response to fungus; regulation of metabolic process; response to DNA damage stimulus; immune response; gland morphogenesis. 31 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: macrochaeta; dorsocentral bristle; mesothoracic tergum. It has 4 annotated transcripts and 4 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: Cell surface receptor IPT/TIG; Dorsal protein; Immunoglobulin E-set; Immunoglobulin-like fold; NF-kappa-B/Rel/dorsal; Rel homology; p53-like transcription factor, DNA-binding. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed within 12-24 hour embryonic stages, during early pupal stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Little or no expression detected in any larval or adult organs/tissues. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1633246_s_at partially aligns to an exonic region of only a subset of 3 of the 4 FlyBase-annotated transcript isoforms of Dif: 3 out of 14 probes fall into this exonic region. Gene sequence location is 2L:17413248..17439923.
External Summaries
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2011_10	References Clark et al., 2011, Curr. Biol. 21(19): 1672--1677 Clones RE60056
FB2012_01	Controlled Vocabulary Terms embryonic/larval salivary gland prepupal stage P4(ii) protein binding RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in positive regulation of transcription Sequence features HFA03316 BKN46092 BKN26594
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 36C7-36C8   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}Mhck10423&P{lacW}Cask03902 and P{lacW}Aac11k06710
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 36C2-36C2     (Ip, 1994.2.18) 36C-36C   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Ip et al., 1993)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Dif for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) Dif-RA FBtr0081008  NM_078865   2836   667 Dif-RB FBtr0081009  NM_165216   2479   667 Dif-RC FBtr0301577  NM_001169527   2964   987 Dif-RD FBtr0301578  NM_001169528   2595   667
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	2.8 (northern blot) (Ip et al., 1993)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein Dif-PA   FBpp0080561   73.9   667   5.77     NP_523589   AAF53608 Dif-PB   FBpp0080562   73.9   667   5.77     NP_724050   AAN10989 Dif-PC   FBpp0290792   107.9   987   4.78     NP_001162998   ACZ94284 Dif-PD   FBpp0290793   73.9   667   5.77     NP_001162999   ACZ94285
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	667 (aa) (Ip et al., 1993)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • NF-kappa-B/Rel/dorsal (IPR000451) Cell surface receptor IPT/TIG (IPR002909) p53-like transcription factor, DNA-binding (IPR008967) Dorsal protein (IPR011363) Rel homology (IPR011539) Immunoglobulin-like fold (IPR013783) Immunoglobulin E-set (IPR014756)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA803361   AE014134 AAF53608   AE014134 AAN10989   AE014134 ACZ94284   AE014134 ACZ94285   AI387926   AI946151   AY118375 AAM48404   BF502724   BF505618   BI172354   BI213341   BI372865   BI614793   BI617391   BI621243   BI627001   BP545366   BP545367   BT025231   BT099643   CA807303   CK135789   CO262120   CO264997   CO269719   CO269834   CO273655   CO282052   CO286229   CO289510   CO308267   CO336087   DU708681   EC051385   EC051948   EC052384   EC052385   EC052997   EC053422   EC053470   EC053483   EC053863   EC056267   EC062049   EC072775   EC079293   EC196380   EC197264   EC200267   EC204393   EC208462   EC215682   EC230433   EC231814   EC243884   EC249544   EC260619   GH747841   GH748299   GH748821   GH750473   GH753616   GH754042   GH755160   GH755518   GH755908   GH758038   GH760238   GH760953   GH770312   GH771135   GH775909   GH777351   GH781341   GH781670   GH782883   GH793278   GH793972   GH794383   GH794743   GH796035   GH799626   GH801154   GH803303   GH804684   GH808307   GH810125   GH810947   GH811384   GH813118   GH819872   GH820939   GH821472   GH822705   GH825911   GH826158   GH826760   GH826859   GH827397   GH828418   GH831262   GH831672   GH833276   GH836794   GH837471   GH837896   GH842179   GH842282   GH842407   GH842700   GH845910   GH846495   GH848595   GH851050   GH851531   GH853701   GH855659   GH856633   GH857860   GH858577   GH859217   GH862011   GH863134   GH863271   GH864207   GH865260   GH865446   GH865642   GH866825   GH870344   GH870740   GH871873   GH872098   GH875045   GH875253   GH875301   GH875916   GH876423   GH878221   GH881076   GH881713   GH883743   GH887766   GH888069   GH890118   GH890918   GH890992   GH890998   GH891029   GH892875   GH893807   GH894076   GH895266   GH895693   GH895860   GH896498   GH896998   GH897321   GH898403   GH903801   GH906680   GH907258   GH907568   GH909348   GH911288   GH912841   GH912985   GH913355   GH913945   GH914251   GH914293   GH914693   GH915004   GH915359   GH916587   GH917873   GH918384   GH920439   GH921242   GH923308   GH930463   GH931619   GH933880   GH934186   GH936497   GH937971   GH939645   GH940099   GH940576   L29015 AAA28465
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P98149
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
No Assay Recorded Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference pupal stage     (Ip et al., 1993) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference larval stage     (Ip et al., 1993) prepupal stage P4(ii)   embryonic/larval salivary gland   (Lehmann et al., 2002) Comment:12 hr APF adult stage     (Ip et al., 1993)
Additional Descriptive Data
	dif is expressed at high levels in third instar larvae, pupae, and adults. (Ip et al., 1993) Dif transcript is expressed in salivary glands at the end of the prepupal ecdyosne pulse. (Lehmann et al., 2002)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference larval stage   embryonic/larval fat body   (Ip et al., 1993) mass spectroscopy Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood   adult heart   (Cammarato et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Dif protein is expressed in the larval fat body. (Ip et al., 1993)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term	cytoplasm nucleus (Ip et al., 1993)
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0011274    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0011274 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed within 12-24 hour embryonic stages, during early pupal stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0011274 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    5 embryo 02-04hr    7 embryo 04-06hr    4 embryo 06-08hr    11 embryo 08-10hr    26 embryo 10-12hr    72 embryo 12-14hr    144 embryo 14-16hr    829 embryo 16-18hr    2355 embryo 18-20hr    2177 embryo 20-22hr    1793 embryo 22-24hr    1834 larva L1    1036 larva L2    639 larva L3 12hr old    470 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    271 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    424 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    772 white prepupae new    839 white prepupae 12hr    1643 white prepupae 24hr    609 pupae 2d postWPP    561 pupae 3d postWPP    571 pupae 4d postWPP    1133 adult male 01day    1275 adult male 05day    1145 adult male 30day    1070 adult female 01day    791 adult female 05day    341 adult female 30day    413 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    5 embryo 02-04hr    7 embryo 04-06hr    4 embryo 06-08hr    11 embryo 08-10hr    26 embryo 10-12hr    72 embryo 12-14hr  (144) embryo 14-16hr  (829) embryo 16-18hr  (2355) embryo 18-20hr  (2177) embryo 20-22hr  (1793) embryo 22-24hr  (1834) larva L1  (1036) larva L2  (639) larva L3 12hr old  (470) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (271) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (424) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (772) white prepupae new  (839) white prepupae 12hr  (1643) white prepupae 24hr  (609) pupae 2d postWPP  (561) pupae 3d postWPP  (571) pupae 4d postWPP  (1133) adult male 01day  (1275) adult male 05day  (1145) adult male 30day  (1070) adult female 01day  (791) adult female 05day  (341) adult female 30day  (413) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    5 embryo 02-04hr    7 embryo 04-06hr    4 embryo 06-08hr    11 embryo 08-10hr    26 embryo 10-12hr    72 embryo 12-14hr    144 embryo 14-16hr    829 embryo 16-18hr  (2355) embryo 18-20hr  (2177) embryo 20-22hr  (1793) embryo 22-24hr  (1834) larva L1    1036 larva L2    639 larva L3 12hr old    470 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    271 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    424 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    772 white prepupae new    839 white prepupae 12hr  (1643) white prepupae 24hr    609 pupae 2d postWPP    561 pupae 3d postWPP    571 pupae 4d postWPP    1133 adult male 01day    1275 adult male 05day    1145 adult male 30day    1070 adult female 01day    791 adult female 05day    341 adult female 30day    413 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    5 embryo 02-04hr    7 embryo 04-06hr    4 embryo 06-08hr    11 embryo 08-10hr    26 embryo 10-12hr    72 embryo 12-14hr    144 embryo 14-16hr    829 embryo 16-18hr    2355 embryo 18-20hr    2177 embryo 20-22hr    1793 embryo 22-24hr    1834 larva L1    1036 larva L2    639 larva L3 12hr old    470 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    271 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    424 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    772 white prepupae new    839 white prepupae 12hr    1643 white prepupae 24hr    609 pupae 2d postWPP    561 pupae 3d postWPP    571 pupae 4d postWPP    1133 adult male 01day    1275 adult male 05day    1145 adult male 30day    1070 adult female 01day    791 adult female 05day    341 adult female 30day    413 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    5 embryo 02-04hr    7 embryo 04-06hr    4 embryo 06-08hr    11 embryo 08-10hr    26 embryo 10-12hr    72 embryo 12-14hr    144 embryo 14-16hr    829 embryo 16-18hr    2355 embryo 18-20hr    2177 embryo 20-22hr    1793 embryo 22-24hr    1834 larva L1    1036 larva L2    639 larva L3 12hr old    470 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    271 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    424 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    772 white prepupae new    839 white prepupae 12hr    1643 white prepupae 24hr    609 pupae 2d postWPP    561 pupae 3d postWPP    571 pupae 4d postWPP    1133 adult male 01day    1275 adult male 05day    1145 adult male 30day    1070 adult female 01day    791 adult female 05day    341 adult female 30day    413 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0011274 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    5 embryo 02-04hr    7 embryo 04-06hr    4 embryo 06-08hr    11 embryo 08-10hr    26 embryo 10-12hr    72 embryo 12-14hr    144 embryo 14-16hr    829 embryo 16-18hr    2355 embryo 18-20hr    2177 embryo 20-22hr    1793 embryo 22-24hr    1834 larva L1    1036 larva L2    639 larva L3 12hr old    470 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    271 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    424 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    772 white prepupae new    839 white prepupae 12hr    1643 white prepupae 24hr    609 pupae 2d postWPP    561 pupae 3d postWPP    571 pupae 4d postWPP    1133 adult male 01day    1275 adult male 05day    1145 adult male 30day    1070 adult female 01day    791 adult female 05day    341 adult female 30day    413 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    5 embryo 02-04hr    7 embryo 04-06hr    4 embryo 06-08hr    11 embryo 08-10hr    26 embryo 10-12hr    72 embryo 12-14hr  (144) embryo 14-16hr  (829) embryo 16-18hr  (2355) embryo 18-20hr  (2177) embryo 20-22hr  (1793) embryo 22-24hr  (1834) larva L1  (1036) larva L2  (639) larva L3 12hr old  (470) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (271) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (424) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (772) white prepupae new  (839) white prepupae 12hr  (1643) white prepupae 24hr  (609) pupae 2d postWPP  (561) pupae 3d postWPP  (571) pupae 4d postWPP  (1133) adult male 01day  (1275) adult male 05day  (1145) adult male 30day  (1070) adult female 01day  (791) adult female 05day  (341) adult female 30day  (413) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    5 embryo 02-04hr    7 embryo 04-06hr    4 embryo 06-08hr    11 embryo 08-10hr    26 embryo 10-12hr    72 embryo 12-14hr    144 embryo 14-16hr    829 embryo 16-18hr  2355 embryo 18-20hr  2177 embryo 20-22hr  1793 embryo 22-24hr  1834 larva L1    1036 larva L2    639 larva L3 12hr old    470 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    271 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    424 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    772 white prepupae new    839 white prepupae 12hr  1643 white prepupae 24hr    609 pupae 2d postWPP    561 pupae 3d postWPP    571 pupae 4d postWPP    1133 adult male 01day    1275 adult male 05day    1145 adult male 30day    1070 adult female 01day    791 adult female 05day    341 adult female 30day    413 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    5 embryo 02-04hr    7 embryo 04-06hr    4 embryo 06-08hr    11 embryo 08-10hr    26 embryo 10-12hr    72 embryo 12-14hr    144 embryo 14-16hr    829 embryo 16-18hr    2355 embryo 18-20hr    2177 embryo 20-22hr    1793 embryo 22-24hr    1834 larva L1    1036 larva L2    639 larva L3 12hr old    470 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    271 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    424 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    772 white prepupae new    839 white prepupae 12hr    1643 white prepupae 24hr    609 pupae 2d postWPP    561 pupae 3d postWPP    571 pupae 4d postWPP    1133 adult male 01day    1275 adult male 05day    1145 adult male 30day    1070 adult female 01day    791 adult female 05day    341 adult female 30day    413 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    5 embryo 02-04hr    7 embryo 04-06hr    4 embryo 06-08hr    11 embryo 08-10hr    26 embryo 10-12hr    72 embryo 12-14hr    144 embryo 14-16hr    829 embryo 16-18hr    2355 embryo 18-20hr    2177 embryo 20-22hr    1793 embryo 22-24hr    1834 larva L1    1036 larva L2    639 larva L3 12hr old    470 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    271 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    424 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    772 white prepupae new    839 white prepupae 12hr    1643 white prepupae 24hr    609 pupae 2d postWPP    561 pupae 3d postWPP    571 pupae 4d postWPP    1133 adult male 01day    1275 adult male 05day    1145 adult male 30day    1070 adult female 01day    791 adult female 05day    341 adult female 30day    413 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data for FBgn0011274    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales max expr for FBgn0011274 Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Little or no expression detected in any larval or adult organs/tissues. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (1000 - 25000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0011274 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    16.95 Larval Midgut    16.5 Larval Hindgut    7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    22.4 Larval Fat Body no informative data Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    7.6 Larval Carcass    9.275 Adult Head    7.8 Adult Eye    9.625 Adult Brain    11.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    11.6 Adult Crop    8.4 Adult Midgut no informative data Adult Hindgut    7.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body    9.9 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    7.425 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    6.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    8.5 Adult Ovary    12.5 Adult Testis no informative data Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    16.95 Larval Midgut    16.5 Larval Hindgut    7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    22.4 Larval Fat Body no informative data Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    7.6 Larval Carcass    9.275 Adult Head    7.8 Adult Eye    9.625 Adult Brain    11.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    11.6 Adult Crop    8.4 Adult Midgut no informative data Adult Hindgut    7.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body    9.9 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    7.425 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    6.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    8.5 Adult Ovary    12.5 Adult Testis no informative data Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    16.95 Larval Midgut    16.5 Larval Hindgut    7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    22.4 Larval Fat Body no informative data Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    7.6 Larval Carcass    9.275 Adult Head    7.8 Adult Eye    9.625 Adult Brain    11.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    11.6 Adult Crop    8.4 Adult Midgut no informative data Adult Hindgut    7.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body    9.9 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    7.425 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    6.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    8.5 Adult Ovary    12.5 Adult Testis no informative data Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    16.95 Larval Midgut    16.5 Larval Hindgut    7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    22.4 Larval Fat Body no informative data Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    7.6 Larval Carcass    9.275 Adult Head    7.8 Adult Eye    9.625 Adult Brain    11.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    11.6 Adult Crop    8.4 Adult Midgut no informative data Adult Hindgut    7.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body    9.9 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    7.425 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    6.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    8.5 Adult Ovary    12.5 Adult Testis no informative data Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0011274 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    16.95 Larval Midgut    16.5 Larval Hindgut    7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    22.4 Larval Fat Body no informative data Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    7.6 Larval Carcass    9.275 Adult Head    7.8 Adult Eye    9.625 Adult Brain    11.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    11.6 Adult Crop    8.4 Adult Midgut no informative data Adult Hindgut    7.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body    9.9 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    7.425 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    6.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    8.5 Adult Ovary    12.5 Adult Testis no informative data Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    16.95 Larval Midgut    16.5 Larval Hindgut    7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    22.4 Larval Fat Body no informative data Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    7.6 Larval Carcass    9.275 Adult Head    7.8 Adult Eye    9.625 Adult Brain    11.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    11.6 Adult Crop    8.4 Adult Midgut no informative data Adult Hindgut    7.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body    9.9 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    7.425 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    6.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    8.5 Adult Ovary    12.5 Adult Testis no informative data Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    16.95 Larval Midgut    16.5 Larval Hindgut    7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    22.4 Larval Fat Body no informative data Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    7.6 Larval Carcass    9.275 Adult Head    7.8 Adult Eye    9.625 Adult Brain    11.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    11.6 Adult Crop    8.4 Adult Midgut no informative data Adult Hindgut    7.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body    9.9 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    7.425 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    6.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    8.5 Adult Ovary    12.5 Adult Testis no informative data Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    16.95 Larval Midgut    16.5 Larval Hindgut    7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    22.4 Larval Fat Body no informative data Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    7.6 Larval Carcass    9.275 Adult Head    7.8 Adult Eye    9.625 Adult Brain    11.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    11.6 Adult Crop    8.4 Adult Midgut no informative data Adult Hindgut    7.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body    9.9 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    7.425 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    6.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    8.5 Adult Ovary    12.5 Adult Testis no informative data Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body no informative data Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut no informative data Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis no informative data Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass no informative data FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    7.8   NA  Eye    9.625   NA  Brain    11.8   16.95  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    11.6   NA  Crop    8.4   16.5  Midgut    no informative data   7  Hindgut    7.8   22.4  Malpighian Tubules    no informative data   no informative data  Fat Body    9.9   no informative data  Salivary Gland    no informative data   NA  Heart    7.425   7.6  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    6.4   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    8.5   NA  Ovary    12.5   NA  Testis    no informative data   NA  Male Accessory Gland    no informative data   9.275  Carcass    no informative data modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_18
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0011274 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG6794-RA FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for Dif Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB DifScer\UAS.cIa lethal | partially, with Scer\GAL4arm.PS DifScer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-ECFP viable Dif1 DifLA00958 viable, with Scer\GAL4Cg.PA DifScer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-ECFP viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 DifGD4442 Sterility Allele fertile DifLA00958 Other Phenotypes Allele immune response defective Dif1 Dif2 Difunspecified immune response defective, with Scer\GAL4da.G32 DifdsRNA.IR.Scer\UAS immune response defective | adult stage | recessive Dif1 short lived | conditional Dif1 stress response defective Dif1 visible, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 DifLA00958 visible | cold sensitive Dif1 visible | dominant Dif1 Phenotype manifest in Allele dorsocentral bristle Dif1 embryonic/larval hemocyte | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4Cg.PA DifScer\UAS.cIa lamellocyte | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4Cg.PA DifScer\UAS.cIa macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 DifLA00958 macrochaeta | ectopic | cold sensitive Dif1 mesothoracic tergum, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 DifLA00958 mesothoracic tergum | ectopic | cold sensitive Dif1 plasmatocyte | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4Cg.PA DifScer\UAS.cIa salivary gland | heat sensitive DifRD.hs salivary gland | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB DifScer\UAS.cLa
Classical Alleles ( 7 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of Dif Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion DifLA00958 P-element activity 2 -- Dif1 loss of function allele 1 Yes Dif2 1 Yes Difd05062 1 -- DifMI00720 1 -- Difd03889 0 -- Difunspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 24 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of Dif Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion DifGD4442 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes DifHM05191 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes DifHM05257 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes DifKK106594 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes Dif531.Act5C in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes DifAct5C.PG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes DifAct5C.PP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes Difbcd.PS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes DifdsRNA.1921-2550 in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes DifdsRNA.IR.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes Difhs.PS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes DifHsp83.PG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes DifMtnA.T:Scer\GAL4 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes DifMtnA.T:Zzzz\His6 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes DifR94C in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes DifRD.hs in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes DifScer\UAS.cIa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes DifScer\UAS.cLa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes DifScer\UAS.cYa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes DifScer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-CFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes DifScer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-ECFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes DifScer\UAS.T:SV5\V5 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes DifScer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes DifαTub84B.PM in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(2L)Exel7068 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(2L)Exel8036 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(2L)J4 (Huang et al., 2005, Chiu et al., 2005, Matova and Anderson, 2006) Df(2L)J4b (Rutschmann et al., 2000) Df(2L)TW119 (Rutschmann et al., 2000, Matova and Anderson, 2006, Huang et al., 2005, Chiu et al., 2005)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD4442} NA P{KK106594} NA P{TRiP.HM05191} NA P{TRiP.HM05257} NA P{UAS-Dif.3xFLAG} NA P{UAS-Dif.CFP} NA P{UAS-Dif.cYa} NA P{UAS-Dif.ECFP} NA P{UAS-Dif.I} NA P{UAS-Dif.IR} NA P{UAS-Dif.L} NA P{UAS-Dif.V5} NA heat-shock construct P{hs-Dif.RD} NA P{Hsp70-Dif.S} NA P{Hsp83-Dif.G} NA characterization construct P{bcd-Dif.S} NA P{UAS-Dif::Rel.3xFLAG} NA P{UAS-Dif::RelN.3xFLAG} NA P{αTub84B-Dif.M} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of mobile activating element P{Mae-UAS.6.11}DifLA00958 NA P{XP}Difd03889 NA P{XP}Difd05062 NA miscellaneous insertions Mi{MIC}DifMI00720 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 24 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 18 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
DNA binding inferred from direct assay (Ip et al., 1993, Rutschmann et al., 2000) protein binding inferred from physical interaction with MED17 (Park et al., 2003) RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in positive regulation of transcription inferred from direct assay (Junell et al., 2007) sequence-specific DNA binding inferred from direct assay (Copley et al., 2007) sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity inferred from direct assay (Petersen et al., 1995)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
antifungal peptide production inferred from mutant phenotype (Rutschmann et al., 2000) defense response to fungus inferred from mutant phenotype (Gobert et al., 2003) defense response to Gram-positive bacterium inferred from mutant phenotype (Gobert et al., 2003, Brown et al., 2009) lamellocyte differentiation inferred from mutant phenotype (Huang et al., 2005) peripheral nervous system neuron development inferred from mutant phenotype (Ayyar et al., 2007) plasmatocyte differentiation inferred from mutant phenotype (Huang et al., 2005) positive regulation of gene expression inferred from genetic interaction with Rel (Brown et al., 2009) positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter inferred from direct assay (Park et al., 2003) regulation of hemocyte proliferation inferred from direct assay (Matova and Anderson, 2006) response to DNA damage stimulus inferred from mutant phenotype (Ravi et al., 2009) salivary gland histolysis inferred from mutant phenotype (Lehmann et al., 2002)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
cytoplasm inferred from direct assay (Wu and Anderson, 1998, Cha et al., 2003, Bhattacharya and Steward, 2002) nucleus inferred from direct assay (Wu and Anderson, 1998, Cha et al., 2003, Bhattacharya and Steward, 2002, Park et al., 2003)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 9 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity non-traceable author statement (Lemaitre, 2000.12.20)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
defense response non-traceable author statement (Lemaitre, 2000.12.20) traceable author statement (Williams et al., 1997) immune response non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 2001.8.20) traceable author statement (Meister et al., 2000, Martin-Blanco, 2000, Leclerc and Reichhart, 2004) innate immune response non-traceable author statement (Kwiatkowski, 2005) traceable author statement (Janssens and Beyaert, 2002) positive regulation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process traceable author statement (Brennan and Anderson, 2004, Steiner, 2004) response to fungus traceable author statement (Medzhitov and Janeway, 2000, Kimbrell and Beutler, 2001) Toll signaling pathway non-traceable author statement (Lemaitre, 2000.12.20, Ligoxtgakis, 2002) traceable author statement (Kimbrell and Beutler, 2001, Silverman, 2003, Leclerc and Reichhart, 2004)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
cytoplasm non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 2001.8.20) traceable author statement (Manfruelli et al., 1999) nucleus non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 2001.8.20) traceable author statement (Manfruelli et al., 1999, Leclerc and Reichhart, 2004)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions Dif allele Gene References Difbcd.PS dl (Stein et al., 1998) unspecified lwr (Chiu et al., 2005)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 61041 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0011274 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 35045
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF15105 Dere\GG21748 Dgri\GH10078 Dmoj\GI16552 Dper\GL18755 Dpse\GA19867 Dsec\GM17131 Dsim\Dif Dvir\GJ16233 Dwil\GK24830 Dyak\Dif
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dpse\GA19867   Dsim\Dif   Dyak\Dif
Linkouts	InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AGAP009515-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) NP_001011577.1 Apis mellifera (honey bee) CPIJ015741 Culex pipens (mosquito) CPIJ019376 Culex pipens (mosquito) ENSDARP00000072078 Danio rerio (zebra fish) ENSECAP00000011798 Equus caballus (horse) ENSGACP00000026471 Gymnopilus aculeatus (mushroom) ENSGALP00000012728 Gallus gallus (chicken) ENSP00000384273 Homo sapiens (human) ENSMODP00000011996 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMUSP00000099928 Mus musculus (house mouse) XP_001602675.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) ENSORLP00000001967 Oryzias latipes (japanese killifish) XP_001179144.1 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin) ENSTNIP00000006156 Tetraodon nigroviridis (green spotted pufferfish) OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • FBgn0067450 FBgn0226789 FBgn0203418 FBgn0067525 FBgn0172042 FBgn0079863 FBgn0156356 FBgn0139300 FBgn0117559 FBgn0113926 FBgn0092130
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 11 )
Bloomington	29514 y1 v1; P{TRiP.HM05191}attP2 33078 y1 w*; Mi{MIC}DifMI00720 30513 y1 sc* v1; P{TRiP.HM05257}attP2 22201 y1 w*; P{Mae-UAS.6.11}DifLA00958 36558 P{Dipt2.2-lacZ}1, P{Drs-GFP.JM804}1, y1 w*; Dif2 cn1 bw1 36559 P{Dipt2.2-lacZ}1, P{Drs-GFP.JM804}1, y1 w*; Dif1 cn1 bw1
Harvard	- P{XP}Difd05062
Kyoto	120958 y* w*; P{Mae-UAS.6.11}DifLA00958
VDRC	v100537 P{KK106594}VIE-260B v30579 w1118; P{GD4442}v30579 v30578 w1118; P{GD4442}v30578/CyO
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR07M13 BACR21E16 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 179 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	LP16165 RE18723
Other clones	FI01004
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	AT07878 AT18533 GH18628 GM10730 RE14809 RE60056 RH44262 RH47716 RH52556
Other clones	11479 31590 44100 58284 153572 173037 214339.31 277406 bs21e04 CK01.80B.D10 CK01.125B.E4 CK01.129A.F12 EC051385 EC051948 EC052384 EC052385 EC052997 EC053422 EC053470 EC053483 EC053863 EC056267 EK062147 EK071216 EK084429 EK095642 EK096038 EK111749 EK141163 EK159425 EK257241 EN11806 ESG017b.E21_E12 FGC030H07 RH68173 RP003013567 RP003018993 RP003026623 RP003031128 RP003035690 RP003045460 RP003047691 RP003054721 RP003056353 RP003069458 RP003079671 RP003081275 RP003089294 RP003091309 RP003099596 RP003101976 RP003112623 RP003114907 RP003117089 RP003120664 RP003125773 RP003129018 RP003130481 RP003151295 RP003151517 RP003168111 RP003174651 RP003176683 RP003177991 RP003179377 RP003181404 RP003186525 RP003197742 RP003202227 RP003204795 RP003208522 RP003208643 RP003211558 RP003211788 RP003215378 RP003216208 RP003218243 RP003218461 RP003219949 RP003221013 RP003222884 RP003223218 RP003225723 RP003234117 RP003236670 RP003238303 RP003239597 RP003253421 RP003262131 RP003263450 RP003265489 RP003268167 RP003272986 RP003282756 RP003289080 RP003296858 RP003298913 RP003299110 RP003304471 RP003304576 RP003308768 RP003310810 RP003311480 RP003316023 RP003318084 RP003323058 RP003330001 RP003331891 RP003332295 RP003335905 RP003336547 RP003338016 RP003343391 RP003351266 RP003364954 RP003373612 RP003378577 RP003380451 RP003408790 RP003410698 RP003425369 RP003447018 RP003459562 RP003470316 RP003471752 RP003480754 RP003481862 RP003498360 RP003513123 RP003515537 RP003524239 RP003526784 RP003532397 RP003544212 RP003546353 RP003548449 RP003550116 RP003553653 RP003558647 RP003567100 RP003570398 RP003571489 RP003575259 RP003577126 RP003580786 RP003583274 RP003583830 RP003584218 RP003599114 RP003603295 RP003604330 RP003617987 RP003619608 RP003623984 RP003630955 RP003633814 RP003634216 RP003636061 RP003644111 RP003650474 RP003650936 RP003653004 RP003653680 RP003660256 RP003668808 RP003669880 RP003679658
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0011274 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 35045
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Ip et al., 1993)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: Dif CG6794 (Zhong, 1999.11)
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Other Comments
	dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology. (Kiger et al., 2003) Dif does not show high cooperative DNA binding with Dsp1 protein. dl can activate transcription from zen and twi promoters, and additional Dsp1 inhibits the zen activation and increases the twi activation. (Brickman et al., 1999) Dif and dl are functionally redundant in their ability to control Drs gene expression in larvae. (Manfruelli et al., 1999) A linear activation cascade spz-Tl-cact-dl/Dif leads to the induction of the Drs gene in larval fat body cells. (Manfruelli et al., 1999) Dif protein is capable of substituting, to a significant degree, for dl protein in its role in defining the dorsal-ventral axis of the embryo. (Stein et al., 1998) Tl pathway is required for the nuclear import of dl in the immune response, but not required for the nuclear import of Dif. Cytoplasmic retention of both dl and Dif depends on cact protein. The two signalling pathways that target cact for degradation must discriminate between cact-dl and cact-Dif complexes. (Wu and Anderson, 1998) The molecular evolution of the Rel/NF-κB and IκB proteins is studied in parallel. Phylogenetic analysis allows the structure of the putative ancestor genes to be defined and proposes and evolutionary model that clusters both families in a unique Rel/NF-κB/IκB superfamily. (Huguet et al., 1997) Deletion analysis reveals the GATA site is necessary for CecA1 expression. Cotransfection analysis demonstrates Dif required an intact GATA site for maximal transactivation of the CecA1 gene. (Kadalayil et al., 1997) Antibacterial genes are not induced in L.boulardi resistant strains of Drosophila suggesting they cannot be involved directly in the antiparasitoid response. (Coustau et al., 1996) dl and Dif have distinct DNA-binding characteristics and the proteins can heterodimerise in vitro. Mutants carrying no copies of dl and a single copy of Dif retain their full capacity to express the Dpt and CecA1 genes in response to bacterial challenge. (Gross et al., 1996) Dif is a rel family protein that is thought to function in the humoral immune response. (Liu and Steward, 1995) Injury or bacterial infection leads to rapid translocation of dl and Dif gene products from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, this translocation is regulated in part by Tl signalling pathway. In direction of increasing cytology: Dif? dl? (Liu and Steward, 1995) The Dif gene product is a sequence specific transcription factor which trans-activates the CecA1 gene in cotransfection assays. Transactivation requires a 40bp upstream element including an insect κΒ-like motif. dl can also activate the CecA1 promoter, but to a lesser extent and in a less sequence-specific manner than Dif. The dl product exerts a dominant negative effect on Dif transactivation of CecA1. (Petersen et al., 1995) 18w is involved in the translocation of Dif product into the nuclei of the larval fat body upon infection. (Williams et al., 1995) Dif mediates an immune response in Drosophila larvae. Otherwise cytoplasmic, Dif accumulates in the nucleus upon bacterial infection or injury. (Ip et al., 1993) Once in the nucleus Dif binds to κB-like sequence motifs present in promoter regions of the immunity gene, CecA1. (Ip et al., 1993)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_078865 NM_165216 NM_001169527 NM_001169528 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_523589 NP_724050 NP_001162998 NP_001162999 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAA28465 AAF53608 AAM48404 AAN10989 ACZ94284 ACZ94285 AI946151 AY118375 BI213341 DU708681 L29015 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 35045 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P98149
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • NF-kappa-B/Rel/dorsal (IPR000451) Cell surface receptor IPT/TIG (IPR002909) p53-like transcription factor, DNA-binding (IPR008967) Dorsal protein (IPR011363) Rel homology (IPR011539) Immunoglobulin-like fold (IPR013783) Immunoglobulin E-set (IPR014756)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 61041 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0011274 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0011274 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0011274 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG6794-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0011274 FlyReactome - A curated knowledgebase of Drosophila melanogaster pathways • 89095 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 35045 InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AGAP009515-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) NP_001011577.1 Apis mellifera (honey bee) CPIJ015741 Culex pipens (mosquito) CPIJ019376 Culex pipens (mosquito) ENSDARP00000072078 Danio rerio (zebra fish) ENSECAP00000011798 Equus caballus (horse) ENSGACP00000026471 Gymnopilus aculeatus (mushroom) ENSGALP00000012728 Gallus gallus (chicken) ENSP00000384273 Homo sapiens (human) ENSMODP00000011996 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMUSP00000099928 Mus musculus (house mouse) XP_001602675.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) ENSORLP00000001967 Oryzias latipes (japanese killifish) XP_001179144.1 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin) ENSTNIP00000006156 Tetraodon nigroviridis (green spotted pufferfish) Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /torstoll/dorslif1.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 35045 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0011274 OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • FBgn0067450 FBgn0226789 FBgn0203418 FBgn0067525 FBgn0172042 FBgn0079863 FBgn0156356 FBgn0139300 FBgn0117559 FBgn0113926 FBgn0092130
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 8 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	6794 (Ravi et al., 2009) CG6794 (Lee et al., 2003, De Gregorio et al., 2001, Perkins et al., 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Muse et al., 2007, Hernandez-Romano et al., 2008, Cammarato et al., 2011) dif (Peng et al., 2005, Janssens and Beyaert, 2002, Ip, 1994.2.18, Rutschmann et al., 1999, Han and Ip, 1999, DiAngelo et al., 2008, Wang et al., 2008, Brown et al., 2009, Sharma et al., 2011, Glittenberg et al., 2011, Cornwell and Kirkpatrick, 2001) DIF (Kwiatkowski, 2005, Manning et al., 2002, Lemaitre, 2000.12.20, Kurusu et al., 2000, Akira et al., 2006, Cha et al., 2003, Lazzaro et al., 2006, Kim et al., 2006, Lazzaro et al., 2004, Christophides et al., 2002, Cronin et al., 2009, Yagi and Ip, 2005, Zsindely et al., 2009, Wang et al., 2011, Le Bourg, 2011) Dif (Kambris et al., 2006, Gottar et al., 2006, Mace et al., 2005, Minakhina and Steward, 2006, Matova and Anderson, 2007, Ryu et al., 2006, Chen et al., 2006, Chen, 2006, Kim and Lis, 2005, Gobert et al., 2003, Bergmann, 2006, Lehmann et al., 2002, Minakhina et al., 2003, Tang et al., 2006, Wu and Silverman, 2007, Senger et al., 2006, Nedelsky et al., 2010, Uvell and Engstrom, 2003, Ayyar et al., 2007, Matova and Anderson, 2010, Waterhouse et al., 2007, Rutschmann et al., 2000, Matova and Anderson, 2006, Goto et al., 2003, Junell et al., 2007, Chen et al., 2000, Avila et al., 2002, Park et al., 2003, Kuranaga and Miura, 2007, Kalamarz et al., 2008, Ratnaparkhi and Courey, 2008, Tanji et al., 2007, Zeitouni et al., 2007, Tsichritzis et al., 2007, Minidorff et al., 2007, Busse et al., 2007, Hallem et al., 2007, Reed et al., 2008, Tan et al., 2008, Xylourgidis et al., 2006, Brody, 2009.03, Wu et al., 2007, Ha et al., 2009, Jin et al., 2009, Brown et al., 2009, Buchon et al., 2009, Diangelo et al., 2009, Bhattacharya and Steward, 2002, Ligoxygakis et al., 2002, Towb et al., 2009, Leclerc et al., 2006, Wang et al., 2008, Thoetkiattikul et al., 2005, Muse et al., 2007, Muse et al., 2007, Copley et al., 2007, Obbard et al., 2009, Bischoff et al., 2004, Yano et al., 2008, Boltz and Carney, 2008, Clark et al., 2011, Goto et al., 2010, Tanji et al., 2010, Bettencourt et al., 2004, Han et al., 2004, Aymeric et al., 2010, Paddibhatla et al., 2010, Beramendi et al., 2005, van Uden et al., 2011)
Name Synonym	Dorsal-like immunity factor (Ratnaparkhi and Courey, 2008) Dorsal-related immunity factor (Matova and Anderson, 2010, Rutschmann et al., 2000, Zeitouni et al., 2007, Yajima et al., 2003, Hernandez-Romano et al., 2008, Cammarato et al., 2011) Dorsal related immunity factor (Ayyar et al., 2007)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 256 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 256 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 122 ) Supplementary material  ( 9 ) Review  ( 50 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 9 ) Abstract  ( 51 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 ) Conference report  ( 4 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Computer file  ( 2 ) Automatic genome annotation  ( 1 ) Letter  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 12 )
	Clark et al., 2011, Curr. Biol. 21(19): 1672--1677 Multiple TGF-β Superfamily Signals Modulate the Adult Drosophila Immune Response. [FBrf0216429] Glittenberg et al., 2011, Dis. Model Mech. 4(4): 515--525 Pathogen and host factors are needed to provoke a systemic host response to gastrointestinal infection of Drosophila larvae by Candida albicans. [FBrf0214008] Le Bourg, 2011, J. Comp. Physiol. B, Biochem. Syst. Environ. Physiol. 181(6): 741--750 The NF-kB like factor DIF has weaker effects on Drosophila melanogaster immune defenses than previously thought. [FBrf0214457] Sharma et al., 2011, Chemosphere 82(3): 370--376 Transcriptome analysis provides insights for understanding the adverse effects of endosulfan in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0212610] van Uden et al., 2011, PLoS Genet. 7(1): e1001285 Evolutionary Conserved Regulation of HIF-1β by NF-κB. [FBrf0212948] Wang et al., 2011, Infect. Immun. 79(2): 606--616 Host and Pathogen Glycosaminoglycan-Binding Proteins Modulate Antimicrobial Peptide Responses in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0212806] Aymeric et al., 2010, Molec. Immunol. 47(14): 2342--2348 Imd pathway is involved in the interaction of Drosophila melanogaster with the entomopathogenic bacteria, Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus luminescens. [FBrf0211463] Goto et al., 2010, J. Biol. Chem. 285(21): 15731--15738 Cooperative regulation of the induction of the novel antibacterial Listericin by peptidoglycan recognition protein LE and the JAK-STAT pathway. [FBrf0210770] Matova and Anderson, 2010, J. Cell Sci. 123(4): 627--633 Drosophila Rel proteins are central regulators of a robust, multi-organ immune network. [FBrf0209910] Nedelsky et al., 2010, Neuron 67(6): 936--952 Native functions of the androgen receptor are essential to pathogenesis in a Drosophila model of spinobulbar muscular atrophy. [FBrf0211903] Paddibhatla et al., 2010, PLoS Pathog. 6(12): e1001234 Role for sumoylation in systemic inflammation and immune homeostasis in Drosophila larvae. [FBrf0212643] Tanji et al., 2010, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107(33): 14715--14720 Heterodimers of NF-{kappa}B transcription factors DIF and Relish regulate antimicrobial peptide genes in Drosophila. [FBrf0211616] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2010 Show reviews ...