FB2025_05 , released December 11, 2025
Gene: Dmel\RyR
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\RyR
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Ryanodine receptor
Annotation Symbol
CG10844
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0011286
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
Ryanodine receptor (RyR) encodes an intracellular calcium channel localized in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscles and the endoplasmic reticulum of neurons and other cell types. It regulates the release of intracellular calcium stores and has a key role in muscle contraction. [Date last reviewed: 2018-09-13] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

Rya-r44F, Ryanodine receptor 44F, l(2)k04913, dry, DRR

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-59
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:8860364..8888097
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (16 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Biological Process (10 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
involved_in heart contraction
inferred from mutant phenotype
involved_in muscle contraction
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
traceable author statement
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR013333, InterPro:IPR015925
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR005821
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR005821
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in membrane
non-traceable author statement
non-traceable author statement
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the ryanodine receptor (TC 1.A.3.1) family. (Q24498)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Ryanodine receptor (RyR) encodes an intracellular calcium channel localized in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscles and the endoplasmic reticulum of neurons and other cell types. It regulates the release of intracellular calcium stores and has a key role in muscle contraction. [Date last reviewed: 2018-09-13]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM-RELEASE CHANNEL SUBUNITS -
Transmembrane Ca[2+] channels that release Ca[2+] from intracellular stores into the cytosol following the appropriate stimulus. (Adapted from PMID:28303572)
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Intracellular calcium channel that is required for proper muscle function during embryonic development and may be essential for excitation-contraction coupling in larval body wall muscles.
(UniProt, Q24498)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release channel located in presynaptic endoplasmic reticulum membranes - sustains vesicular mobilization thus enhancing release of transmitters and neuropeptides Genes A-D Genes E-K Genes S-Z Home page

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
10
Number of Unique Polypeptides
10

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\RyR for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q24498)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0088640
15812
5127
FBtr0088638
15770
5113
FBtr0088637
15847
5127
FBtr0088639
15770
5113
FBtr0304568
16003
5117
FBtr0304569
15788
5119
FBtr0304570
16056
5123
FBtr0304571
16042
5130
FBtr0304572
15871
5134
FBtr0308083
15811
5115
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

16 (northern blot)

15 (northern blot)

Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0087721
581.0
5127
5.32
FBpp0087719
579.7
5113
5.32
FBpp0087718
580.8
5127
5.29
FBpp0087720
579.5
5113
5.29
FBpp0293110
580.0
5117
5.29
FBpp0293111
580.3
5119
5.32
FBpp0293112
580.5
5123
5.33
FBpp0293113
581.3
5130
5.37
FBpp0293114
581.4
5134
5.32
FBpp0300426
579.9
5115
5.40
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Homotetramer.

(UniProt, Q24498)
Domain

The calcium release channel activity resides in the C-terminal region while the remaining part of the protein resides in the cytoplasm.

(UniProt, Q24498)
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\RyR using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.70

Transcript Expression
No Assay Recorded
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference

Comment: reference states 6-12 hr AEL

Additional Descriptive Data

RyR transcript is first detected in the mesoderm at stage 9, and levels increase starting at stage 13. Highest levels are seen in hypodermal and visceral muscles. Expression is detected at lower levels in other tissues, including the CNS.

Expression is high in 6-12 hr embryos, low in second and third instar larvae, and absent from adults and pupae.

RyR transcripts are detected in RNA from embryos, larvae, and adults, but not in pupal RNA. They are more abundant in RNA from body than head. In embryos, transcripts are first detected in the mesoderm in stage 9. Subsequently, transcripts are found in somatic and cephalic muscle precursors, and later, in all of the somatic muscles and a subset of the cephalic muscles. In adults, RyR transcripts are expressed maximally in tubular muscles of the thorax, namely the tergotrochanteral muscle and the leg muscles. Expression is also observed in the cortex of the ventral ganglion and brain and in muscles of the head and proboscis.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\RyR in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 30 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 15 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of RyR
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of RyR
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 12 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (6)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
13 of 14
No
Yes
12 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (6)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
12 of 14
No
Yes
12 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (6)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
13 of 14
No
Yes
11 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
4  
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (6)
8 of 13
Yes
Yes
6 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (10)
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
12 of 14
No
Yes
12 of 14
No
Yes
12 of 14
No
Yes
11 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (2)
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:RyR. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)
3 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 5 )
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 6 )
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Functional Complementation Data
Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
Interactions
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interaction Browsers

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
Homotetramer.
(UniProt, Q24498 )
Linkouts
BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
Pathways
Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
Metabolic Pathways
FlyBase
External Links
External Data
Linkouts
Class of Gene
Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
Chromosome (arm)
2R
Recombination map
2-59
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Evidence for location
44F1-44F2
Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(2)44DEa05847 and P{lacW}Rya-r44Fk04913
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Notes
References
44F1-44F2
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
44F-44F
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
Stated (in error) to map to 76C--D (by in situ hybridisation).
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Stocks and Reagents
Stocks (36)
Genomic Clones (26)
cDNA Clones (76)
 

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
     
    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Cell Line Information
    Publicly Available Cell Lines
     
      Other Stable Cell Lines
       
        Other Comments

        Removing one copy of RyR protects against Hsap\APP neurotoxicity.

        Area matching Drosophila Ryanodine receptor gene Acc. No. D17389.

        Rya-r44F is required for proper muscle function.

        Isolated from a genomic library using a rabbit skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor cDNA as a probe.

        The genomic organisation of the Rya-r44F locus has been characterised.

        The Drosophila ryanodine receptor gene was cloned by PCR with degenerate oligonucleotides.

        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database merge of

        Source for merge of: Rya-r44F CG10844

        Source for merge of: Rya-r44F l(2)k04913

        Additional comments
        Nomenclature History
        Source for database identify of

        Source for identity of: RyR Rya-r44F

        Nomenclature comments

        Gene symbol changed from 'Rya-r44F' to 'RyR' because: i) it represents community usage; ii) it mirrors the nomenclature of the vertebrate orthologs; iii) there is only a single RyR-encoding gene in the genome, so there's no need to distinguish this one.

        Etymology
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (26)
        Reported As
        Symbol Synonym
        RyR
        (Fei et al., 2025, Hertzler et al., 2024, Kumar et al., 2024, Hao et al., 2023, Ho et al., 2023, Praschberger et al., 2023, Ahmed et al., 2022, Cho et al., 2022, Cho et al., 2022, Karagas et al., 2022, Liang et al., 2022, Richardson et al., 2022, Saitoe et al., 2022, Sebastian et al., 2022, Weiss et al., 2022, Bi et al., 2021, Cavieres-Lepe and Ewer, 2021, Cordova et al., 2021, Huang et al., 2021, Pang et al., 2021, Rodríguez et al., 2021, Soundarrajan et al., 2021, Yeates and Frank, 2021, Ahmed and Vogel, 2020, Delrio-Lorenzo et al., 2020, Douris et al., 2020, Feuillette et al., 2020, Lathen et al., 2020, Lawal et al., 2020, Li et al., 2020, Liu et al., 2020, Park et al., 2020, Toprak et al., 2020, Vajente et al., 2020, Viswanathan et al., 2020, Metwally et al., 2019, Zhang et al., 2019, Ding et al., 2018, Lee et al., 2018, Perry and Batterham, 2018, Adkins et al., 2017, Douris et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Xu et al., 2017, Zhu et al., 2017, Cannon and Bodmer, 2016, Clandinin and Owens, 2016-, Gene Disruption Project members, 2016-, Kreko-Pierce et al., 2016, Ma, 2016, Murmu and Martin, 2016, Schwartz et al., 2016, Terada et al., 2016, Cassar et al., 2015, Bi et al., 2014, Wong et al., 2014, Kanamori et al., 2013, Tao et al., 2013, Chorna and Hasan, 2012, Casas-Tinto et al., 2011, Lin et al., 2011, Shakiryanova et al., 2011, Shakiryanova et al., 2011, Murmu et al., 2010, Shakiryanova et al., 2007, Vazquez-Martinez et al., 2003, Blumenthal, 2001, Razzaq et al., 2001, Vazquez-Martinez et al., 2001, Baumann, 2000, Ponting, 2000, Xu et al., 2000)
        Rya-r76CD
        dya
        Secondary FlyBase IDs
        • FBgn0010268
        • FBgn0022194
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        Study result (0)
        Result
        Result Type
        Title
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 94 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
        UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
        UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
        BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
        DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
        EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
        FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
        FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
        iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
        Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        References (192)