FB2025_05 , released December 11, 2025
Gene: Dmel\Acp36DE
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Acp36DE
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Accessory gland protein 36DE
Annotation Symbol
CG7157
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0011559
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
7 publicly available
Gene Summary
Accessory gland protein 36DE (Acp36DE) encodes a glycoprotein produced in male accessory glands and transferred to females during mating. It causes changes in female uterine conformation that assists with the movement of sperm into storage. It influences sperm competition outcomes including the likelihood of storage of a second male's sperm. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

36DE accessory gland protein, Accessory gland peptide 36DE

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
36F3-36F3
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-53
RefSeq locus
NT_033779 REGION:18356047..18359028
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (9 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables hormone activity
non-traceable author statement
(Wolfner et al., 1997)
Biological Process (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in insemination
inferred from high throughput expression pattern
(Findlay et al., 2009, Findlay et al., 2008)
involved_in mating
inferred from expression pattern
(Swanson et al., 2001)
inferred from high throughput expression pattern
(Mueller et al., 2005)
involved_in sperm competition
inferred from direct assay
(Avila and Wolfner, 2009)
involved_in sperm storage
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Avila and Wolfner, 2009, Qazi and Wolfner, 2003, Chapman et al., 2000)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in mating plug formation
traceable author statement
(Chapman, 2001)
involved_in negative regulation of female receptivity, post-mating
non-traceable author statement
(Wolfner et al., 1997)
involved_in sperm competition
traceable author statement
(Chapman, 2001)
involved_in sperm storage
traceable author statement
(Qazi et al., 2003, Chapman, 2001, Karr and Pitnick, 1999)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in extracellular space
inferred from direct assay
(Walker et al., 2006)
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Findlay et al., 2009, Findlay et al., 2008)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in extracellular region
inferred from sequence model
(Swanson et al., 2001)
traceable author statement
(Wolfner et al., 1997)
located_in extracellular space
inferred from sequence model
(Mueller et al., 2005)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Accessory gland protein 36DE (Acp36DE) encodes a glycoprotein produced in male accessory glands and transferred to females during mating. It causes changes in female uterine conformation that assists with the movement of sperm into storage. It influences sperm competition outcomes including the likelihood of storage of a second male's sperm. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
UNCLASSIFIED RECEPTOR LIGANDS -
This group comprises receptor ligands that do not classify under other groups in FlyBase.
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Responsible for physiological and behavioral changes in mated female flies. Associates with sperm and localizes to specific regions of the female reproductive tract, including the sperm storage organs. It accelerates sperm accumulation into storage but does not mediate the entry of the first sperm into storage. Once sperm storage has initiated it seems to act as a guidance factor helping subsequent sperm move into storage, a corral concentrating sperm around the SSO entrances and/or a trigger for responses within the female that accelerate storage of sperm.
(UniProt, Q9V3R1)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Acp36DE for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9V3R1)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.51

Gene model reviewed during 6.32

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Acp36DE-RA
FBtr0081054
NM_078870
2845
912
Acp36DE-RB
FBtr0340581
NM_001299111
2923
912
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

2.7 (northern blot)

(Wolfner et al., 1997)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Acp36DE-PA
FBpp0080607
101.9
912
9.57
Q9V3R1
NP_523594
AAF53664
Acp36DE-PB
FBpp0309468
101.9
912
9.57
Q9V3R1
NP_001286040
AHN54554
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

912 aa isoforms: Acp36DE-PA, Acp36DE-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Post Translational Modification

Proteolytically cleaved by the seminal metalloprotease Semp1 (PubMed:24514904). Cleavage appears to take place in the mated female (PubMed:24514904).

(UniProt, Q9V3R1)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Acp36DE using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.09

Transcript Expression
expression microarray
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage | male
(Arbeitman et al., 2004)
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage | male
male accessory gland main cell
(Wolfner et al., 1997)
male accessory gland
(Wolfner et al., 1997)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage | male
(Arbeitman et al., 2004)
Additional Descriptive Data

Expression is not detected in the secondary cells of the accessory gland.

(Wolfner et al., 1997)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage | mated female
uterus
(Lee et al., 2001)
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
day 5 of adulthood | male -- day 7 of adulthood | male
spermatozoon
(Wasbrough et al., 2010)
western blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage | mated female
spermatheca
(Qazi and Wolfner, 2003)
seminal receptacle
(Qazi and Wolfner, 2003)
adult stage
female reproductive system

Comment: mated females

(Ravi Ram et al., 2005)
adult hemolymph

Comment: mated females

(Ravi Ram et al., 2005)
uterus

Comment: mated females

(Ravi Ram et al., 2005)
spermatheca

Comment: mated females

(Ravi Ram et al., 2005)
seminal receptacle

Comment: mated females

(Ravi Ram et al., 2005)
oviduct

Comment: mated females

(Ravi Ram et al., 2005)
ovary

Comment: mated females

(Ravi Ram et al., 2005)
Additional Descriptive Data

Acp36DE is transferred to the female at the time of mating and persists for about 2-3 hours in the female reproductive tract. It is detected in the uterus, sperm mass, spermathecum, seminal receptacle, oviduct, and ovary.

(Ravi Ram et al., 2005)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in extracellular space
inferred from direct assay
(Walker et al., 2006)
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Findlay et al., 2009, Findlay et al., 2008)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Acp36DE in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 12 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 10 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Acp36DE
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Acp36DE
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 5 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 5 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(2L)Exel8038
(Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Df(2L)H20
(Marygold, 2005.1.19)
Gene partially disrupted in
Df(2L)M36F-2
(Marygold, 2005.1.19)
Df(2L)M36F-S6
(Marygold, 2005.1.19)
Gene not disrupted in
Df(2L)TW50
(Marygold, 2005.1.19)
Inferred from location ( 5 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (0)
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010771
1 of 12
Yes
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Acp36DE. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Interaction Browsers
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    External Data
    Linkouts
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    2L
    Recombination map
    2-53
    Cytogenetic map
    36F3-36F3
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    36F3-36F3
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}Aac11k06710 and P{EP}CG10413EP2164
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    36D-36E
    (Wolfner, 1999.6.8)
    36D-36E
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    (Wolfner et al., 1997)
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location

    2-53

    (FlyBase, 2016)

    2-53.3

    (Comeron et al., 2012)
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (7)
    Genomic Clones (26)
    cDNA Clones (39)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
       
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Cell Line Information
      Publicly Available Cell Lines
       
        Other Stable Cell Lines
         
          Other Comments

          Not required for viability.

          (Marygold, 2005.1.19)

          Males null for Acp36DE do poorly in fertilisations as second-mating males because fewer sperm are stored or retained in mated females, not because Acp36DE protein itself displaces sperm.

          (Chapman et al., 2000)

          Male derived Acp36DE protein is essential for efficient sperm storage by females; it is essential for the initial storage of sperm and may also influence the arrangement and retention of stored sperm.

          (Neubaum and Wolfner, 1999)

          Gene is identified in a differential cDNA hybridisation screen.

          (Wolfner et al., 1997)

          Acp36DE seminal fluid protein is localised in the mated female suggesting a function of the protein in restricting sperm to an area in the mated female's genital tract (just above the openings of the sperm storage organs) that facilitates sperm storage.

          (Bertram et al., 1996)

          If females remate frequently relative to the duration of sperm storage and rate of sperm use, sperm displacement may be an important component of male reproductive success. Significant association has been found between Acp36DE mutant male sperm and the ability to resist displacement by subsequent sperm. There is no correlation between the ability to displace resident sperm and the ability to resist being displaced by subsequent sperm, this lack of correlation suggests that different mechanisms mediate that the two components of sperm displacement.

          (Clark et al., 1995)

          Acp36DE gene product is a seminal fluid protein whose fate after mating is consistent with a role in sperm storage.

          (Neubaum et al., 1995)

          Screening of natural populations for P-element tagged genes has identified an insert within 2kb of Acp36DE.

          (Clark et al., 1994)

          May promote replacement of sperm already stored by a female.

          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database merge of

          Source for merge of: Acp36DE anon-WO0140519.55

          (FlyBase, 1996-)
          Additional comments

          "Acp36DE" may correspond to "AcpC", unfortunately strains of "AcpC" are no longer extant.

          (Wolfner et al., 1997)

          Source for merge of Acp36DE anon-WO0140519.55 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).

          (FlyBase, 1996-)
          Nomenclature History
          Source for database identify of
          Nomenclature comments
          Etymology
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (13)
          Reported As
          Symbol Synonym
          A36DE
          (Liu et al., 2018)
          Acp
          (Adams and Wolfner, 2007)
          Acp36D
          (Geng and MacDonald, 2007)
          Acp36DE
          (Londoño-Nieto et al., 2025, Flacchi et al., 2024, Brown et al., 2023, Candia et al., 2023, Patlar et al., 2023, Majane et al., 2022, McDonough-Goldstein et al., 2022, Hopkins et al., 2019, Chen et al., 2018, Avila and Wolfner, 2017, Avila et al., 2015, Chow et al., 2015, Laflamme et al., 2014, Misra et al., 2014, Gligorov et al., 2013, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Laflamme et al., 2012, Schnakenberg et al., 2012, Wong et al., 2012, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Avila and Wolfner, 2009, Ayroles et al., 2009, Findlay et al., 2009, Siddique et al., 2009, Takemori and Yamamoto, 2009, Avila, 2008, McGraw et al., 2008, Mueller et al., 2008, Wong et al., 2008, Curtis et al., 2007, Ram and Wolfner, 2007, Ravi Ram and Wolfner, 2007, Ravi Ram and Wolfner, 2007, Ravi Ram et al., 2006, Walker et al., 2006, Ravi Ram et al., 2005, Wagstaff and Begun, 2005, Qazi and Wolfner, 2003, Lee et al., 2001)
          Acp36De
          (Olsen and Feany, 2019)
          AcpDE36
          (Patlar and Civetta, 2021)
          CG7157
          (National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Hosono et al., 2015, Chen et al., 2012, Wong et al., 2012, Zhang et al., 2010, Blagden et al., 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Walker et al., 2006, Arbeitman et al., 2004, Labourier et al., 2002)
          CT22109
          (Ceriani et al., 2002)
          anon-WO0140519.55
          Name Synonyms
          36DE accessory gland protein
          (Zou et al., 2000, Wolfner, 1999.6.8)
          Accessory gland peptide 36DE
          (Takemori and Yamamoto, 2009)
          Accessory gland protein
          (Wolfner et al., 1997)
          Accessory gland protein 36DE
          Secondary FlyBase IDs
          • FBgn0044574
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 72 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          Linkouts
          BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          References (128)