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Gene Dmel\fng

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\fng	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	fringe	Annotation symbol	CG10580
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0011591
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	22 publicly available
Also Known As	D-Fng, l(3)rG554, frg
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3L	Recombination map	3-47
Cytogenetic map	78A1-78A1	Sequence location	3L:20,918,991..20,942,612 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene fringe is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\fng (CG10580, FBgn0011591). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: UDP-glycosyltransferase activity; O-fucosylpeptide 3-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity; acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity. There is experimental evidence for 13 unique biological process terms, many of which group under: single-organism developmental process; post-embryonic organ morphogenesis; biological regulation; sensory organ development; system development; regionalization; appendage development; macromolecule modification; hexose metabolic process; regulation of cellular process; dorsal/ventral pattern formation, imaginal disc; primary metabolic process. 68 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system subdivision; adult segment; organ system; thoracic segment; late extended germ band embryo; ectoderm derivative; external compound sense organ; non-connected developing system; extended germ band embryo; portion of tissue. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: Fringe; Fringe-like. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed during late pupal stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult thoracico-abdominal ganglion, larval trachea. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, larval/adult central nervous system, adult crop, larval hindgut, adult carcass. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1623200_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of fng. Gene sequence location is 3L:20918991..20942612.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
External Summaries
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 78A1-78A1   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}trblEP3519 and P{EP}fngEP3082&P{lacW}skdL7062
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 78A-78A     (Irvine, 1995.3.29) 78A1-78A2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Spradling et al., 1999) 78A-78A   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Irvine and Wieschaus, 1994) 78A1-78A2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	3-47 (Irvine and Wieschaus, 1994, Irvine, 1995.3.29)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\fng for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.46 Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) fng-RA FBtr0078267  NM_079467   1959   412
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	1.9 (northern blot) (Irvine and Wieschaus, 1994)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein fng-PA   FBpp0077925   47.0   412   8.08     NP_524191   AAF51658
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	412 (aa) (Irvine and Wieschaus, 1994)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Fringe (IPR017374) Fringe-like (IPR003378)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA140940   AA141686   AA141687   AA141709   AA141710   AA699114   AE014296 AAF51658   AI107745   AI109976   AI945543   AQ025264   AQ026356   AQ034131   AY070927 AAL48549   BE662086   BF486294   BF494032   BF496608   BF500516   BF500592   BI163576   BI165120   BI165670   BI165755   BI172470   BI212861   BI227573   BI237398   BI239922   BI376197   BI485664   CA807293   CK658385   CK659814   CO295218   CO300235   CO308412   CO328979   CO330196   CO331815   CO341003   CZ467289   CZ469096   CZ472998   EC069095   EC090584   EC226578   EC227833   EC236117   EC239405   GH941560   GH946831   GH950109   GH951605   GH952439   GH956035   GH957481   GH961241   GH968775   GH968797   GH971568   GH971634   GH973403   GH977628   GH982335   GH983012   L35770 AAA64525
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	Q24342
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
No Assay Recorded Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference third instar larval stage   wing disc | restricted   (Irvine and Wieschaus, 1994) in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 7 -- 8   hindgut anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 9 -- 10   foregut primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) inclusive hindgut primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 11 -- 12   clypeo-labral primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) foregut primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) gnathal primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) hindgut proper primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) large intestine primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as large intestine specific anlage posterior spiracle primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as posterior spiracle specific anlage proventriculus primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) tracheal primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 13 -- 16   atrium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic anal pad   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic dorsal epidermis   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic epipharynx   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic foregut   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic head sensory system   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic hindgut   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic hypopharynx   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic large intestine   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic proventriculus   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic proventriculus inner layer   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic proventriculus intermediate layer   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic ventral epidermis   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval midgut interstitial cell   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval posterior spiracle   (Fisher et al., 2012) lateral cord glial cell   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral nerve cord   (Fisher et al., 2012) second instar larval stage   wing disc | dorsal   (Irvine and Wieschaus, 1994) adult stage & oogenesis   follicle cell of germarium region 2b   (Zhao et al., 2000) adult stageoogenesis stage S2 -- S4   polar follicle cell   (Zhao et al., 2000) adult stage | femaleoogenesis stage S1 -- S4   polar follicle cell | precursor   (Althauser et al., 2005) adult stage & oogenesis stage S5   follicle cell   (Zhao et al., 2000) adult stage | female & oogenesis stage S5   polar follicle cell   (Althauser et al., 2005) adult stageoogenesis stage S6 -- S9   polar follicle cell   (Zhao et al., 2000) adult stage & oogenesis stage S10   follicle cell | subset   (Zhao et al., 2000)
Additional Descriptive Data
	fng is first detected in the wing disc in second instar larvae where it is restricted to the dorsal region of the disc. Expression remains in the dorsal part of the wing disc through the first half of the third instar after which some weak expression begins to appear in ventral regions outside of the wing pouch. In addition, fng expression is lost in some regions that will give rise to the notum. By the end of third instar, expression is lost in some dorsal regions within the wing pouch and becomes strong in proximal regions of the ventral wing. (Irvine and Wieschaus, 1994) fng transcript is expressed in follicle cells starting in germarium region 2b. Expression is detected in anterior and posterior follicle cells in stage S2-S4, in all follicle cells in stage S5, in anterior and posterior polar follicle cells in stage S6-S9. At stage S10, expression is detected in all follicle cells except anterior-dorsal follicle cells. (Zhao et al., 2000) fng transcript is expressed 4-5 polar follicle cell precursor cells in stage 1-4 egg chambers, and later in the 2 polar cells that emerge from the prepolar group. (Althauser et al., 2005)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
	Epitope-tagged fng protein localizes to the Golgi apparatus. (Munro and Freeman, 2000)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
endoplasmic reticulum inferred from direct assay (Kondylis et al., 2001) Golgi apparatus inferred from direct assay (Munro and Freeman, 2000) Golgi medial cisterna inferred from direct assay (Yamamoto-Hino et al., 2012) Golgi stack inferred from direct assay (Kondylis et al., 2001)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{35UZ}fng35UZ-1 Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference third instar larval stage   wing disc | dorsal   (Irvine and Wieschaus, 1994) Reporter: P{GawB}fngB Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference larval stage   wing disc   (Moloney et al., 2000) third instar larval stage   eye disc | ventral   (Fu and Baker, 2003) morphogenetic furrow | anterior to   (Fu and Baker, 2003) Reporter: P{lacZ}fngRF584 Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference oogenesis stage S1 & adult stage | female   germarium region 3   (Grammont and Irvine, 2001) oogenesis stage S1 -- S3 & adult stage | female   interfollicle cell   (Grammont and Irvine, 2001) oogenesis stage S1 -- S7 & adult stage | female   polar follicle cell   (Grammont and Irvine, 2001)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult thoracico-abdominal ganglion, larval trachea. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, larval/adult central nervous system, adult crop, larval hindgut, adult carcass. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    197.675 Larval Midgut    79.8 Larval Hindgut    166.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    40.3 Larval Fat Body    91.1 Larval Salivary Gland    8.6 Larval Trachea    505.45 Larval Carcass    81.775 Adult Head    314 Adult Eye    327.525 Adult Brain    449.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    729.2 Adult Crop    103.3 Adult Midgut    51.5 Adult Hindgut    36 Adult Malpighian Tubules    31.1 Adult Fat Body    20.1 Adult Salivary Gland    22.3 Adult Heart    40.925 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    40.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    45.5 Adult Ovary    52.4 Adult Testis    27 Adult Male Accessory Gland    11.6 Adult Carcass    106.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    197.675 Larval Midgut    79.8 Larval Hindgut    166.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    40.3 Larval Fat Body    91.1 Larval Salivary Gland    8.6 Larval Trachea  505.45 Larval Carcass    81.775 Adult Head    314 Adult Eye    327.525 Adult Brain    449.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (729.2) Adult Crop    103.3 Adult Midgut    51.5 Adult Hindgut    36 Adult Malpighian Tubules    31.1 Adult Fat Body    20.1 Adult Salivary Gland    22.3 Adult Heart    40.925 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    40.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    45.5 Adult Ovary    52.4 Adult Testis    27 Adult Male Accessory Gland    11.6 Adult Carcass    106.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    197.675 Larval Midgut    79.8 Larval Hindgut    166.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    40.3 Larval Fat Body    91.1 Larval Salivary Gland    8.6 Larval Trachea    505.45 Larval Carcass    81.775 Adult Head    314 Adult Eye    327.525 Adult Brain    449.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    729.2 Adult Crop    103.3 Adult Midgut    51.5 Adult Hindgut    36 Adult Malpighian Tubules    31.1 Adult Fat Body    20.1 Adult Salivary Gland    22.3 Adult Heart    40.925 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    40.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    45.5 Adult Ovary    52.4 Adult Testis    27 Adult Male Accessory Gland    11.6 Adult Carcass    106.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    197.675 Larval Midgut    79.8 Larval Hindgut    166.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    40.3 Larval Fat Body    91.1 Larval Salivary Gland    8.6 Larval Trachea    505.45 Larval Carcass    81.775 Adult Head    314 Adult Eye    327.525 Adult Brain    449.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    729.2 Adult Crop    103.3 Adult Midgut    51.5 Adult Hindgut    36 Adult Malpighian Tubules    31.1 Adult Fat Body    20.1 Adult Salivary Gland    22.3 Adult Heart    40.925 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    40.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    45.5 Adult Ovary    52.4 Adult Testis    27 Adult Male Accessory Gland    11.6 Adult Carcass    106.9 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    197.675 Larval Midgut    79.8 Larval Hindgut    166.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    40.3 Larval Fat Body    91.1 Larval Salivary Gland    8.6 Larval Trachea    505.45 Larval Carcass    81.775 Adult Head    314 Adult Eye    327.525 Adult Brain    449.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    729.2 Adult Crop    103.3 Adult Midgut    51.5 Adult Hindgut    36 Adult Malpighian Tubules    31.1 Adult Fat Body    20.1 Adult Salivary Gland    22.3 Adult Heart    40.925 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    40.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    45.5 Adult Ovary    52.4 Adult Testis    27 Adult Male Accessory Gland    11.6 Adult Carcass    106.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    197.675 Larval Midgut    79.8 Larval Hindgut    166.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    40.3 Larval Fat Body    91.1 Larval Salivary Gland    8.6 Larval Trachea  505.45 Larval Carcass    81.775 Adult Head    314 Adult Eye    327.525 Adult Brain    449.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  729.2 Adult Crop    103.3 Adult Midgut    51.5 Adult Hindgut    36 Adult Malpighian Tubules    31.1 Adult Fat Body    20.1 Adult Salivary Gland    22.3 Adult Heart    40.925 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    40.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    45.5 Adult Ovary    52.4 Adult Testis    27 Adult Male Accessory Gland    11.6 Adult Carcass    106.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    197.675 Larval Midgut    79.8 Larval Hindgut    166.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    40.3 Larval Fat Body    91.1 Larval Salivary Gland    8.6 Larval Trachea    505.45 Larval Carcass    81.775 Adult Head    314 Adult Eye    327.525 Adult Brain    449.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    729.2 Adult Crop    103.3 Adult Midgut    51.5 Adult Hindgut    36 Adult Malpighian Tubules    31.1 Adult Fat Body    20.1 Adult Salivary Gland    22.3 Adult Heart    40.925 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    40.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    45.5 Adult Ovary    52.4 Adult Testis    27 Adult Male Accessory Gland    11.6 Adult Carcass    106.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    197.675 Larval Midgut    79.8 Larval Hindgut    166.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    40.3 Larval Fat Body    91.1 Larval Salivary Gland    8.6 Larval Trachea    505.45 Larval Carcass    81.775 Adult Head    314 Adult Eye    327.525 Adult Brain    449.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    729.2 Adult Crop    103.3 Adult Midgut    51.5 Adult Hindgut    36 Adult Malpighian Tubules    31.1 Adult Fat Body    20.1 Adult Salivary Gland    22.3 Adult Heart    40.925 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    40.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    45.5 Adult Ovary    52.4 Adult Testis    27 Adult Male Accessory Gland    11.6 Adult Carcass    106.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    314   NA  Eye    327.525   NA  Brain    449.6   197.675  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    729.2   NA  Crop    103.3   79.8  Midgut    51.5   166.6  Hindgut    36   40.3  Malpighian Tubules    no informative data   91.1  Fat Body    20.1   8.6  Salivary Gland    no informative data   NA  Heart    40.925   505.45  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    40.7   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    45.5   NA  Ovary    52.4   NA  Testis    27   NA  Male Accessory Gland    no informative data   81.775  Carcass    106.9 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    49 central nervous system, larvae L3    14 central nervous system, pupae P8    21 head, virgin 1-day female    16 head, virgin 4-day female    10 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    10 head, mated 4-day female    12 head, mated 20-day female    9 head, mated 1-day male    20 head, mated 4-day male    17 head, mated 20-day male    17 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    3 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    18 digestive system, 1-day adult    2 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    3 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    8 fat body, pupae P8    14 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    26 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    5 carcass, 20-day adult    5 ovary, virgin 4-day female    3 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (49) central nervous system, larvae L3    14 central nervous system, pupae P8    21 head, virgin 1-day female    16 head, virgin 4-day female    10 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    10 head, mated 4-day female    12 head, mated 20-day female    9 head, mated 1-day male    20 head, mated 4-day male    17 head, mated 20-day male    17 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    3 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    18 digestive system, 1-day adult    2 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    3 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    8 fat body, pupae P8    14 carcass, larvae L3 wandering  26 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    5 carcass, 20-day adult    5 ovary, virgin 4-day female    3 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    49 central nervous system, larvae L3    14 central nervous system, pupae P8    21 head, virgin 1-day female    16 head, virgin 4-day female    10 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    10 head, mated 4-day female    12 head, mated 20-day female    9 head, mated 1-day male    20 head, mated 4-day male    17 head, mated 20-day male    17 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    3 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    18 digestive system, 1-day adult    2 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    3 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    8 fat body, pupae P8    14 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    26 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    5 carcass, 20-day adult    5 ovary, virgin 4-day female    3 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    49 central nervous system, larvae L3    14 central nervous system, pupae P8    21 head, virgin 1-day female    16 head, virgin 4-day female    10 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    10 head, mated 4-day female    12 head, mated 20-day female    9 head, mated 1-day male    20 head, mated 4-day male    17 head, mated 20-day male    17 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    3 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    18 digestive system, 1-day adult    2 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    3 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    8 fat body, pupae P8    14 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    26 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    5 carcass, 20-day adult    5 ovary, virgin 4-day female    3 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    3 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    49 central nervous system, larvae L3    14 central nervous system, pupae P8    21 head, virgin 1-day female    16 head, virgin 4-day female    10 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    10 head, mated 4-day female    12 head, mated 20-day female    9 head, mated 1-day male    20 head, mated 4-day male    17 head, mated 20-day male    17 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    3 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    18 digestive system, 1-day adult    2 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    3 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    8 fat body, pupae P8    14 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    26 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    5 carcass, 20-day adult    5 ovary, virgin 4-day female    3 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (49) central nervous system, larvae L3    14 central nervous system, pupae P8    21 head, virgin 1-day female    16 head, virgin 4-day female    10 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    10 head, mated 4-day female    12 head, mated 20-day female    9 head, mated 1-day male    20 head, mated 4-day male    17 head, mated 20-day male    17 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    3 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    18 digestive system, 1-day adult    2 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    3 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    8 fat body, pupae P8    14 carcass, larvae L3 wandering  26 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    5 carcass, 20-day adult    5 ovary, virgin 4-day female    3 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    49 central nervous system, larvae L3    14 central nervous system, pupae P8    21 head, virgin 1-day female    16 head, virgin 4-day female    10 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    10 head, mated 4-day female    12 head, mated 20-day female    9 head, mated 1-day male    20 head, mated 4-day male    17 head, mated 20-day male    17 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    3 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    18 digestive system, 1-day adult    2 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    3 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    8 fat body, pupae P8    14 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    26 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    5 carcass, 20-day adult    5 ovary, virgin 4-day female    3 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    49 central nervous system, larvae L3    14 central nervous system, pupae P8    21 head, virgin 1-day female    16 head, virgin 4-day female    10 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    10 head, mated 4-day female    12 head, mated 20-day female    9 head, mated 1-day male    20 head, mated 4-day male    17 head, mated 20-day male    17 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    3 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    18 digestive system, 1-day adult    2 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    3 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    8 fat body, pupae P8    14 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    26 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    5 carcass, 20-day adult    5 ovary, virgin 4-day female    3 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    2 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed during late pupal stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    1 embryo 06-08hr    9 embryo 08-10hr    15 embryo 10-12hr    26 embryo 12-14hr    38 embryo 14-16hr    29 embryo 16-18hr    13 embryo 18-20hr    9 embryo 20-22hr    8 embryo 22-24hr    8 larva L1    8 larva L2    6 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    16 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    28 white prepupae new    34 white prepupae 12hr    46 white prepupae 24hr    52 pupae 2d postWPP    82 pupae 3d postWPP    36 pupae 4d postWPP    15 adult male 01day    12 adult male 05day    7 adult male 30day    6 adult female 01day    10 adult female 05day    6 adult female 30day    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    1 embryo 06-08hr    9 embryo 08-10hr    15 embryo 10-12hr  26 embryo 12-14hr  (38) embryo 14-16hr  (29) embryo 16-18hr    13 embryo 18-20hr    9 embryo 20-22hr    8 embryo 22-24hr    8 larva L1    8 larva L2    6 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    16 larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (28) white prepupae new  (34) white prepupae 12hr  (46) white prepupae 24hr  (52) pupae 2d postWPP  (82) pupae 3d postWPP  (36) pupae 4d postWPP    15 adult male 01day    12 adult male 05day    7 adult male 30day    6 adult female 01day    10 adult female 05day    6 adult female 30day    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    1 embryo 06-08hr    9 embryo 08-10hr    15 embryo 10-12hr    26 embryo 12-14hr    38 embryo 14-16hr    29 embryo 16-18hr    13 embryo 18-20hr    9 embryo 20-22hr    8 embryo 22-24hr    8 larva L1    8 larva L2    6 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    16 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    28 white prepupae new    34 white prepupae 12hr    46 white prepupae 24hr    52 pupae 2d postWPP    82 pupae 3d postWPP    36 pupae 4d postWPP    15 adult male 01day    12 adult male 05day    7 adult male 30day    6 adult female 01day    10 adult female 05day    6 adult female 30day    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    1 embryo 06-08hr    9 embryo 08-10hr    15 embryo 10-12hr    26 embryo 12-14hr    38 embryo 14-16hr    29 embryo 16-18hr    13 embryo 18-20hr    9 embryo 20-22hr    8 embryo 22-24hr    8 larva L1    8 larva L2    6 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    16 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    28 white prepupae new    34 white prepupae 12hr    46 white prepupae 24hr    52 pupae 2d postWPP    82 pupae 3d postWPP    36 pupae 4d postWPP    15 adult male 01day    12 adult male 05day    7 adult male 30day    6 adult female 01day    10 adult female 05day    6 adult female 30day    5 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    1 embryo 06-08hr    9 embryo 08-10hr    15 embryo 10-12hr    26 embryo 12-14hr    38 embryo 14-16hr    29 embryo 16-18hr    13 embryo 18-20hr    9 embryo 20-22hr    8 embryo 22-24hr    8 larva L1    8 larva L2    6 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    16 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    28 white prepupae new    34 white prepupae 12hr    46 white prepupae 24hr    52 pupae 2d postWPP    82 pupae 3d postWPP    36 pupae 4d postWPP    15 adult male 01day    12 adult male 05day    7 adult male 30day    6 adult female 01day    10 adult female 05day    6 adult female 30day    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    1 embryo 06-08hr    9 embryo 08-10hr    15 embryo 10-12hr  26 embryo 12-14hr  (38) embryo 14-16hr  29 embryo 16-18hr    13 embryo 18-20hr    9 embryo 20-22hr    8 embryo 22-24hr    8 larva L1    8 larva L2    6 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    16 larva L3 puffstage 7-9  28 white prepupae new  (34) white prepupae 12hr  (46) white prepupae 24hr  (52) pupae 2d postWPP  (82) pupae 3d postWPP  (36) pupae 4d postWPP    15 adult male 01day    12 adult male 05day    7 adult male 30day    6 adult female 01day    10 adult female 05day    6 adult female 30day    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    1 embryo 06-08hr    9 embryo 08-10hr    15 embryo 10-12hr    26 embryo 12-14hr    38 embryo 14-16hr    29 embryo 16-18hr    13 embryo 18-20hr    9 embryo 20-22hr    8 embryo 22-24hr    8 larva L1    8 larva L2    6 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    16 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    28 white prepupae new    34 white prepupae 12hr    46 white prepupae 24hr    52 pupae 2d postWPP    82 pupae 3d postWPP    36 pupae 4d postWPP    15 adult male 01day    12 adult male 05day    7 adult male 30day    6 adult female 01day    10 adult female 05day    6 adult female 30day    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    1 embryo 06-08hr    9 embryo 08-10hr    15 embryo 10-12hr    26 embryo 12-14hr    38 embryo 14-16hr    29 embryo 16-18hr    13 embryo 18-20hr    9 embryo 20-22hr    8 embryo 22-24hr    8 larva L1    8 larva L2    6 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    16 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    28 white prepupae new    34 white prepupae 12hr    46 white prepupae 24hr    52 pupae 2d postWPP    82 pupae 3d postWPP    36 pupae 4d postWPP    15 adult male 01day    12 adult male 05day    7 adult male 30day    6 adult female 01day    10 adult female 05day    6 adult female 30day    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    1 Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    8 embryonic GM2    1 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    1 leg disc CME L1    4 wing disc CME-W2    3 wing disc ML-DmD8    2 wing disc ML-DmD9    26 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    36 wing disc ML-DmD21    43 wing disc ML-DmD32    26 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    54 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    15 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    1 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    47 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    3 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    95 ovary OSC    21 ovary OSS    70 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    1 Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    8 embryonic GM2    1 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    1 leg disc CME L1    4 wing disc CME-W2    3 wing disc ML-DmD8    2 wing disc ML-DmD9  26 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (36) wing disc ML-DmD21  (43) wing disc ML-DmD32  26 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (54) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    15 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    1 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (47) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    3 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS  (95) ovary OSC    21 ovary OSS  (70) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    1 Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    8 embryonic GM2    1 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    1 leg disc CME L1    4 wing disc CME-W2    3 wing disc ML-DmD8    2 wing disc ML-DmD9    26 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    36 wing disc ML-DmD21    43 wing disc ML-DmD32    26 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    54 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    15 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    1 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    47 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    3 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    95 ovary OSC    21 ovary OSS    70 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    1 Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    8 embryonic GM2    1 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    1 leg disc CME L1    4 wing disc CME-W2    3 wing disc ML-DmD8    2 wing disc ML-DmD9    26 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    36 wing disc ML-DmD21    43 wing disc ML-DmD32    26 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    54 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    15 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    1 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    47 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    3 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    95 ovary OSC    21 ovary OSS    70 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    1 Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    8 embryonic GM2    1 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    1 leg disc CME L1    4 wing disc CME-W2    3 wing disc ML-DmD8    2 wing disc ML-DmD9    26 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    36 wing disc ML-DmD21    43 wing disc ML-DmD32    26 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    54 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    15 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    1 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    47 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    3 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    95 ovary OSC    21 ovary OSS    70 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    1 Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    8 embryonic GM2    1 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    1 leg disc CME L1    4 wing disc CME-W2    3 wing disc ML-DmD8    2 wing disc ML-DmD9  26 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (36) wing disc ML-DmD21  (43) wing disc ML-DmD32  26 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (54) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    15 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    1 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (47) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    3 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS  (95) ovary OSC    21 ovary OSS  (70) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    1 Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    8 embryonic GM2    1 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    1 leg disc CME L1    4 wing disc CME-W2    3 wing disc ML-DmD8    2 wing disc ML-DmD9    26 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    36 wing disc ML-DmD21    43 wing disc ML-DmD32    26 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    54 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    15 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    1 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    47 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    3 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    95 ovary OSC    21 ovary OSS    70 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    1 Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    8 embryonic GM2    1 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    1 leg disc CME L1    4 wing disc CME-W2    3 wing disc ML-DmD8    2 wing disc ML-DmD9    26 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    36 wing disc ML-DmD21    43 wing disc ML-DmD32    26 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    54 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    15 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    1 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    47 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    3 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    95 ovary OSC    21 ovary OSS    70 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    15 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    5 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    15 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    5 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    15 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    5 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    15 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    5 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    15 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    5 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    15 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    5 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    15 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    5 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    15 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    5 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_25
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • RE03010 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0011591 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG10580-RA FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for fng Stages(s) 9-10 Stages(s) 11-12 Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal (with Df(3L)ri-XT1) fng1 fng3 fng5 fng7 fng8 fng11 fng13 fng14 fng129 fngL19 fngL73 fngL81 fngL83 lethal (with fng1) fng13 fng80 lethal (with fng3) fng13 fng80 lethal (with fng5) fng13 fng80 lethal (with fng7) fng13 fng80 lethal (with fng8) fng13 fng80 lethal (with fng11) fng13 fng80 lethal (with fng13) fng1 fng3 fng5 fng7 fng8 fng11 fng14 fng80 fng129 fngL19 fngL73 fngL81 fngL83 lethal (with fng14) fng13 fng80 lethal (with fng80) fng1 fng3 fng5 fng7 fng8 fng11 fng13 fng14 fng129 fngL19 fngL73 fngL81 fngL83 lethal (with fng129) fng13 fng80 lethal (with fngL19) fng13 fng80 lethal (with fngL73) fng13 fng80 lethal (with fngL81) fng13 fng80 lethal (with fngL83) fng13 fng80 lethal | heat sensitive fnga.hs lethal | larval stage | recessive fng80 lethal | partially, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB fngScer\UAS.cKa lethal | recessive fng13 fng80 fng92 fng129 fngM69 fngrG554 partially lethal - majority live fng2 fng52 partially lethal - majority live (with Df(3L)ri-XT1) fng2 fng52 partially lethal - majority live (with fng1) fng2 fng52 fngM69 partially lethal - majority live (with fng2) fng1 fng3 fng5 fng7 fng8 fng11 fng13 fng14 fng35UZ-1 fng52 fng80 fng129 fngL19 fngL73 fngL81 fngL83 fngM69 partially lethal - majority live (with fng3) fng2 fng52 fngM69 partially lethal - majority live (with fng5) fng2 fng52 fngM69 partially lethal - majority live (with fng7) fng2 fng52 partially lethal - majority live (with fng8) fng2 fng52 fngM69 partially lethal - majority live (with fng11) fng2 fng52 partially lethal - majority live (with fng13) fng2 fng35UZ-1 fng52 fngM69 partially lethal - majority live (with fng14) fng2 fng52 partially lethal - majority live (with fng35UZ-1) fng2 fng13 partially lethal - majority live (with fng52) fng1 fng2 fng3 fng5 fng7 fng8 fng11 fng13 fng14 fng80 fng129 fngL19 fngL73 fngL81 fngL83 fngM69 partially lethal - majority live (with fng80) fng2 fng52 fngM69 partially lethal - majority live (with fng129) fng2 fng52 fngM69 partially lethal - majority live (with fngL19) fng2 fng52 fngM69 partially lethal - majority live (with fngL73) fng2 fng52 fngM69 partially lethal - majority live (with fngL81) fng2 fng52 fngM69 partially lethal - majority live (with fngL83) fng2 fng52 fngM69 partially lethal - majority live (with fngM69) fng1 fng2 fng3 fng5 fng8 fng13 fng52 fng80 fng129 fngL19 fngL73 fngL81 fngL83 viable fng2 fng52 fngM69 Other Phenotypes Allele cell shape defective, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1 fngScer\UAS.cKa planar polarity defective fng13 fng80 planar polarity defective | cell non-autonomous | recessive | somatic clone fng13 planar polarity defective | recessive | somatic clone fng13 visible fng52 visible, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI fngScer\UAS.cKa visible, with Scer\GAL4bbg-C96 fngd08885 visible, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 fngScer\UAS.cKa visible, with Scer\GAL4c311 fngScer\UAS.cKa visible, with Scer\GAL4Dll-md23 fngScer\UAS.cKa visible, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 fngScer\UAS.cKa visible, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E fngEP3082 visible, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH fngEP3082 fngScer\UAS.cKa visible, with Scer\GAL4klu-G410 fngScer\UAS.cKa visible, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1 fngScer\UAS.cKa visible | dominant fngD4 fngE1 fngE3 visible | heat sensitive fnga.hs visible | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL469B fngScer\UAS.cKa visible | recessive fng2 fng13 fng52 visible | recessive | somatic clone fng13 visible | somatic clone fngunspecified Phenotype manifest in Allele antenna | somatic clone fng13 anterior dorsocentral bristle, with Scer\GAL4klu-G410 fngScer\UAS.cKa border follicle cell | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone fng13 centripetally migrating follicle cell | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone fng13 coxa | somatic clone fng13 denticle | ectopic fng13 fng80 denticle row fng13 dorsal appendage | heat sensitive fnga.hs dorsal appendage | maternal effect | somatic clone fng13 dorsal mesothoracic disc & filamentous actin | anterior/posterior compartment boundary, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1 fngScer\UAS.cKa egg | heat sensitive fnga.hs egg chamber fng52 fngD4 egg chamber, with Scer\GAL4fng-c606 fnga.Scer\UAS egg chamber (with fng52) fngM69 egg chamber (with fngM69) fng52 egg chamber | heat sensitive fnga.hs egg chamber | somatic clone fng13 embryonic proventriculus fng13 eye fng13 fng52 eye, with Scer\GAL4c311 fngScer\UAS.cKa eye, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH fngEP3082 fngScer\UAS.M.T:Hsap\MYC fngScer\UAS.cKa eye, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1 fngScer\UAS.M.T:Hsap\MYC eye | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone | ventral fng13 eye | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL469B fngScer\UAS.cKa eye | somatic clone fngunspecified eye disc, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH fngScer\UAS.cKa eye equator | ectopic | somatic clone fng13 eye equator | somatic clone fng13 femur, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI fngScer\UAS.cKa femur | somatic clone fng13 filamentous actin & denticle field primordium fng13 follicle cell fng2 fng52 fngD4 follicle cell, with Scer\GAL4fng-c606 fnga.Scer\UAS follicle cell (with fng2) fng13 fng80 fngM69 follicle cell (with fng13) fng2 follicle cell (with fng52) fngM69 follicle cell (with fng80) fng2 follicle cell (with fngM69) fng2 fng52 follicle cell | heat sensitive fnga.hs follicle cell | somatic clone fng13 interfollicle cell (with fng2) fng13 fng80 fngM69 interfollicle cell (with fng13) fng2 interfollicle cell (with fng52) fngM69 interfollicle cell (with fng80) fng2 interfollicle cell (with fngM69) fng2 fng52 interfollicle cell | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone fng13 joint, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI fngScer\UAS.cKa joint | cell autonomous | somatic clone fng13 joint | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone fng13 keyhole structure fng13 leg, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI fngScer\UAS.cKa leg & joint, with Scer\GAL4Dll-md23 fngScer\UAS.cKa metatarsus | somatic clone fng13 nurse follicle cell | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone fng13 ocellar triangle fng13 fng52 ommatidium fng13 fng80 ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4c311 fngScer\UAS.cKa ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1 fngScer\UAS.M.T:Hsap\MYC ommatidium | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone fng13 ommatidium | somatic clone fng13 oocyte | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone fng13 ovary fng2 fng52 ovary (with fng2) fng13 fng80 fngM69 ovary (with fng13) fng2 ovary (with fng52) fngM69 ovary (with fng80) fng2 ovary (with fngM69) fng2 fng52 photoreceptor fng13 fng80 photoreceptor | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL469B fngScer\UAS.cKa polar follicle cell | cell autonomous | somatic clone fng13 polar follicle cell | somatic clone fng13 polar follicle cell | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4unspecified fngScer\UAS.cKa pretarsus | somatic clone fng13 proventriculus inner layer primordium fng13 proventriculus intermediate layer primordium fng13 proventriculus outer layer primordium fng13 scutum, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 fngScer\UAS.cKa tarsal segment 2 | somatic clone fng13 tarsal segment 3 | somatic clone fng13 tarsal segment 4 | somatic clone fng13 tibia, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI fngScer\UAS.cKa tibia | somatic clone fng13 trochanter | somatic clone fng13 wing fng13 fng2 fng52 fng80 fngD4 fngE1 fngE3 wing, with Scer\GAL4bbg-C96 fngd08885 wing, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 fngScer\UAS.cKa wing, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 fngScer\UAS.cKa wing, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E fngEP3082 wing, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1 fngScer\UAS.cKa wing (with Df(3L)ri-XT1) fng2 fng52 wing (with fng1) fng2 fng52 fngM69 wing (with fng2) fng1 fng11 fng129 fng13 fng14 fng3 fng35UZ-1 fng5 fng52 fng7 fng8 fng80 fngL19 fngL73 fngL81 fngL83 fngM69 wing (with fng3) fng2 fng52 fngM69 wing (with fng5) fng2 fng52 fngM69 wing (with fng7) fng2 fng52 wing (with fng8) fng2 fng52 fngM69 wing (with fng11) fng2 fng52 fngM69 wing (with fng13) fng2 fng35UZ-1 fng52 fngM69 wing (with fng14) fng2 fng52 fngM69 wing (with fng35UZ-1) fng13 fng2 wing (with fng52) fng1 fng11 fng129 fng13 fng14 fng2 fng3 fng5 fng7 fng8 fng80 fngL19 fngL73 fngL81 fngL83 fngM69 wing (with fng80) fng2 fng52 fngM69 wing (with fng129) fng2 fng52 fngM69 wing (with fngL19) fng2 fng52 fngM69 wing (with fngL73) fng2 fng52 fngM69 wing (with fngL81) fng2 fng52 fngM69 wing (with fngL83) fng2 fng52 fngM69 wing (with fngM69) fng1 fng11 fng129 fng13 fng14 fng2 fng3 fng5 fng52 fng8 fng80 fngL19 fngL73 fngL81 fngL83 wing | anterior/posterior compartment boundary fngE1 fngE3 wing | heat sensitive fnga.hs wing | somatic clone fng13 wing disc | dorsal | somatic clone fng13 wing disc | somatic clone fng13 wing disc | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PP fngScer\UAS.B.T:Hsap\MYC wing disc | somatic clone | ventral, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI fngScer\UAS.cKa wing margin fngD4 wing margin, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1 fngScer\UAS.cKa wing margin | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1 fngScer\UAS.cKa wing margin | ectopic | somatic clone fng13 wing margin bristle, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1 fngScer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 wing margin bristle | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1 fngScer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 fngScer\UAS.cKa wing vein fng13 fng52 fng80 wing vein | cell autonomous | ectopic | somatic clone fng13 wing vein | ectopic fng13 fng80 wing vein L4 fng35UZ-1
Classical Alleles ( 43 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of fng Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion fng11-26 amorphic allele - genetic evidence P-element activity 1 Yes fng13 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes fng52 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence Delta2-3 P-element activity 1 -- fngB P-element activity 1 -- fngc01597 piggyBac transposase 1 -- fngc04230 piggyBac transposase 1 -- fngd02785 P-element activity 1 -- fngd08885 1 -- fngG4265 P-element activity 1 -- fngGS9108 1 Yes fngL73 ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes fngM69 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes fngMB01443 1 -- fngMI00745 1 -- fngMI06172 1 -- fngrG554 P-element activity 1 Yes fng11 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes fng129 Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 Yes fng1455 0 -- fng14 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes fng1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes fng2 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes fng2B2 P-element activity 0 Yes fng35UZ-1 P-element activity 0 Yes fng3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes fng5 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes fng7 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes fng80 loss of function allele Delta2-3 0 Yes fng8 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes fng92 Delta2-3 0 Yes fngD4 gain of function allele Delta2-3 0 Yes fngDEE.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\His6 0 Yes fngDG16307 0 -- fngE1 gain of function allele Delta2-3 0 Yes fngE3 gain of function allele Delta2-3 0 Yes fngEP3-511 0 -- fngEP3-581 0 -- fngEP3082 P-element activity 0 -- fngL19 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes fngL81 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes fngL83 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes fngRF584 P-element activity 0 Yes fngunspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 25 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of fng Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion fngScer\UAS.cKa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 3 Yes fngGD2763 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes fnghs.PZ in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes fngJF01967 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes fnga.hs in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes fnga.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes fngADD.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes fngDEE.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes fngMtnA.J.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes fngMtnA.T:Hsap\GALNT3,T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes fngMtnA.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes fngMtnA.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes fngMtnA.T:Sjap\GST in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes fngMtnA.T:Zzzz\His6 in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes fngNNN.MtnA.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes fngNNN.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes fngScer\UAS.B.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes fngScer\UAS.cYa.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes fngScer\UAS.cZa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes fngScer\UAS.J.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes fngScer\UAS.M.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes fngScer\UAS.Mb.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes fngScer\UAS.T:Hsap\GALNT3,T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes fngScer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes fngScer\UAS.T:Sjap\GST in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Not disrupted in	Df(3L)Pc (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999) Df(3L)Pc-MK (Spradling et al., 1999, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999) Df(3L)ri-79c (Spradling et al., 1999, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
Disrupted in	Df(3L)ri-XT1 (Correia et al., 2003, Irvine and Wieschaus, 1994)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD2763} NA P{TRiP.JF01967} NA P{UAS-ADD-fng.MYC} NA P{UAS-fng.a} NA P{UAS-fng.GST} NA P{UAS-fng.GT.myc} NA P{UAS-fng.HA} NA P{UAS-fng.K} NA P{UAS-fng.MYC.B} NA P{UAS-fng.Myc.J} NA P{UAS-fng.MYC.M} NA P{UAS-fng.MYC.Mb} NA P{UAS-fng.NNN.myc} NA P{UAS-fng.Z} NA P{UAS-fng-HA.Y} NA heat-shock construct P{hs-fng.a} NA P{hs-fng.Z} NA characterization construct P{UAS-SP-fng.MYC} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of mobile activating element P{EP}fngEP3-511 NA P{EP}fngEP3-581 NA P{EP}fngEP3082 NA P{EP}fngG4265 NA P{GSV6}fngGS9108 NA P{Mae-UAS.6.11}B0538B0538 NA P{XP}fngd02785 NA P{XP}fngd08885 NA insertion of enhancer trap P{lacZ}fng2B2 No P{lacZ}fngRF584 No P{PZ}fngrG554 No miscellaneous insertions Mi{MIC}fngMI00745 NA Mi{MIC}fngMI06172 NA P{35UZ}fng35UZ-1 NA PBac{PB}fngc01597 NA PBac{PB}fngc04230 NA insertion of enhancer trap binary system Mi{ET1}fngMB01443 No P{GawB}c606 No P{GawB}fng11-26 No P{GawB}fngB No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 27 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 20 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity inferred from direct assay (Moloney et al., 2000) O-fucosylpeptide 3-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity inferred from direct assay (Xu et al., 2007) UDP-glycosyltransferase activity inferred from direct assay (Moloney et al., 2000)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
compound eye development inferred from direct assay (Dominguez and de Celis, 1998) compound eye morphogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Dominguez et al., 2004) cuticle pattern formation inferred from mutant phenotype (Walters et al., 2005, Walters et al., 2006) dorsal/ventral pattern formation, imaginal disc inferred from direct assay (Kim et al., 1995) fucose metabolic process inferred from direct assay (Moloney et al., 2000) inferred from mutant phenotype (Aoki et al., 2008) germarium-derived egg chamber formation inferred from mutant phenotype (Zhao et al., 2000, Grammont and Irvine, 2001) imaginal disc-derived leg segmentation inferred from mutant phenotype (Rauskolb and Irvine, 1999) imaginal disc-derived wing margin morphogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Irvine and Wieschaus, 1994) imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis inferred from direct assay (Kim et al., 1995) inferred from mutant phenotype (Irvine and Wieschaus, 1994) Notch signaling pathway inferred from direct assay (Moloney et al., 2000) protein O-linked glycosylation inferred from mutant phenotype (Aoki et al., 2008) regulation of Notch signaling pathway inferred from direct assay (Xu et al., 2007) inferred from mutant phenotype (Grammont and Irvine, 2001) wing disc dorsal/ventral pattern formation inferred from genetic interaction with Bx, ap (Bejarano et al., 2008)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
endoplasmic reticulum inferred from direct assay (Kondylis et al., 2001) Golgi apparatus inferred from direct assay (Munro and Freeman, 2000) Golgi medial cisterna inferred from direct assay (Yamamoto-Hino et al., 2012) Golgi stack inferred from direct assay (Kondylis et al., 2001)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 11 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1997.2.1) traceable author statement (Muller et al., 2002, Schwientek et al., 2002, Wilson, 2002)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
cell fate specification non-traceable author statement (Lopez-Schier, 2003) dorsal/ventral lineage restriction, imaginal disc traceable author statement (McNeill, 2000) negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway non-traceable author statement (Lai, 2002) Notch signaling pathway traceable author statement (Gibson and Schubiger, 2001) oogenesis traceable author statement (Lopez-Schier, 2003) positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1997.2.1) regulation of Notch signaling pathway non-traceable author statement (Schwientek et al., 2002) traceable author statement (McNeill, 2000, Muller et al., 2002, Stewart, 2002)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
Golgi apparatus non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1997.2.1) traceable author statement (Lopez-Schier, 2003) integral to Golgi membrane inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR017374 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) integral to membrane non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1997.2.1)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
fng - B52 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) fng - CG11266 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) fng - CG13321 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) fng - CG15220 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) fng - CG15735 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) fng - CG1785 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) fng - CG4169 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) fng - CG9667 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) fng - Cdc5 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) fng - Hsc70-1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) fng - Hsp68 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) fng - Imp anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) fng - NHP2 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) fng - Plod anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) fng - RpLP0 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) fng - Rsf1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) fng - mRpL15 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) fng - mRpL44 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) fng - mRpL50 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) fng - mRpS24 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) fng - mRpS28 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) fng - robl anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions fng allele Gene References fng13 mirr (Yang et al., 1999) N (Selva et al., 2001) fng80 Bx (Milan et al., 1998, Milan and Cohen, 2000, Milan et al., 2004) fngD4 heph (Dansereau et al., 2002) N (de Celis and Bray, 2000) Ser (Panin et al., 1997) fngEP3082 ap (Milan and Cohen, 1999, Milan et al., 2001, Milan and Cohen, 2003) Bx (Milan et al., 1998, Milan and Cohen, 2000, Milan et al., 2004) CycE (Tseng and Hariharan, 2002) Ser (Milan and Cohen, 1999) fngScer\UAS.B.T:Hsap\MYC ap (Milan et al., 2001, Milan and Cohen, 2003) fngScer\UAS.cKa ap (Klein et al., 1998, O'Keefe and Thomas, 2001) Dl (Jacobsen et al., 1998, Dominguez et al., 2004) Dl::N (Rauskolb et al., 1999) ey (Dominguez et al., 2004) eyg (Dominguez et al., 2004) N (Dominguez and de Celis, 1998, Dominguez et al., 2004) Ser (Fleming et al., 1997, Hukriede et al., 1997, Jacobsen et al., 1998) toe (Dominguez et al., 2004) fngScer\UAS.cKafng13 Bx (Milan et al., 1998, Milan and Cohen, 2000, Milan et al., 2004) unspecified Egfr (Walters et al., 2005) L (Singh et al., 2005) pbl (Gregory et al., 2007) Ser (Walters et al., 2005) vg (Bernard et al., 2006)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 65569 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0011591 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0011591 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 40314 SignaLink - A protein-protein and protein-miRNA interaction database with multi-layered structure and multiple confidence scores. • Q24342
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (50) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6KPTWP Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG669R38 Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG644JFZ Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG64B8HS Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG680WQD
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6KPTWP)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\fng     Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM22178 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG13275 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE22371 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF10199 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA10411 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL14480     Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK13485 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ12588 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI16838 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH15563 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG669R38)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL002253   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP006439   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ010821
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG644JFZ)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\GB44914   Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\GB44913   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG007893   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH16524   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH16522   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP21100   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO16323   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO16322   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL10737   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH26227   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB27342   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV10433   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV10448   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI002099   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA006892   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM014770   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC011785
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG64B8HS)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\LYZ   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW009494
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG680WQD)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_004621gn   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\lfng   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\rfng   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\mfng   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\lfng   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\rfng   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\RFNG   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\LFNG   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\MFNG   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Rfng   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Lfng   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Mfng   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Mfng   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Lfng   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\MFNG   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\LFNG   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\RFNG
Human Orthologs (3)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\MFNG     Hsap\LFNG     Hsap\RFNG
AAA Orthologs (10) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM22178 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG13275 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE22371 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF10199 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA10411 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL26270 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK13485 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ12588 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI16838 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH15563
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 22 )
Bloomington	9892 w*; P{hs-fng.Z}1/CyO 9891 w*; P{GawB}fngB 5831 y1 w*; P{UAS-fng.K}27 8553 w*; P{UAS-fng.K}22A P{UAS-fng.K}22B 25947 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF01967}attP2 12109 P{PZ}fngrG554 ry506/TM3, Sb1
Harvard	- P{XP}fngd02785 - P{XP}fngd08885 - PBac{PB}fngc01597 - PBac{PB}fngc04230
Kyoto	108453 y1 w*; P{UAS-fng.K}27
VDRC	v51977 w1118; P{GD2763}v51977
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR03J02 BACR22I16 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 57 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	RE03010
Other clones	DPiM_RE03010
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	AT02438 AT10486 AT15487 AT15578 AT20555 GH05580 GH09392 HL07715 LP15272 LP17854 RE04940 RE05609 RE05709 RE14971 RE18124 RE24661 RE33622 RE36544 RE63607 RE66406
Other clones	79283 154082 191392 191648 274430 bs14a11 bs20e05 CK01.34A.G4 CK01030 CK02220 CK02314 EK177703 EK208935 EK258058 EK291801 EK294712 EK301748 EP11717 ESG017b.E21_D06 RP004057115 RP004085967 RP004144421 RP004156224 RP004177130 RP004213936 RP004216571 RP004221903 RP004266271 RP004284889 RP004382586 RP004409415 RP004411127 RP004449955 RP004450415 RP004537466
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0011591 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 40314
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: fng l(3)rG554 (Milan and Cohen, 2000)
Additional comments
Other Comments
	Glycosylation of the N protein domain 'EGF12' is necessary for fng to inhibit the activation of N signalling by Ser but is not necessary for Ser binding to N. (Lei et al., 2003) fng is required via N activation od an ap dependent affinity difference at the dorsal ventral restriction boundary in the wing disc. (Milan and Cohen, 2003) Interacts genetically with 'eyeful' mutant though it is not yet clear whether 'eyeful' corresponds to lola or psq. (Ferres-Marco and Dominguez, 2001) fng plays a key role in positioning N activation during early oogenesis. fng is required cell-autonomously in the somatic polar cells for follicle formation and also for polar cell fate. fng is required non-autonomously to define the number and organization of stalk cells. (Grammont and Irvine, 2001) The glycosyltransferase activity of fng modulates N-Dl interactions. (Bruckner et al., 2000) fng seems to function in peripodial cells during eye development. (Gibson and Schubiger, 2000) fng and N form a complex through both the Lin-Notch repeats and the epidermal growth factor repeats 22-36. (Ju et al., 2000) The glycosyltransferase activity of fng modifies N. (Moloney et al., 2000) fng does not exert its effect outside the cell, but rather acts in the golgi apparatus, apparently as a glycosyltransferase. (Munro and Freeman, 2000) fng is essential in oogenesis for the proper formation of the egg chamber and for epithelial morphogenesis. (Zhao et al., 2000) fng protein does not detectably affect the ligand-receptor interactions of the N pathway in cultured cells. (Klueg and Muskavitch, 1999) Local activation of N is necessary and sufficient to promote the formation of joints between segments of the leg. This segmentation process requires the participation of Ser, Dl and fng. (Rauskolb and Irvine, 1999) fng plays a key role in dorsal-ventral compartmentalization in the wing disc, primarily by positioning a stripe of N activation, but fng may also exert additional influences on compartmentalization. (Rauskolb et al., 1999) The boundary of fng expression in the developing eye, with the subsequent implications for N signalling, is crucial for the induction of dorso-ventral mirror symmetry and eye morphogenesis. (Cho and Choi, 1998) The regulated expression pattern of fng is essential for eye growth and formation of the equator. Boundaries of fng expression determine where N will be activated. (Dominguez and de Celis, 1998) ap mediates cell interactions across the DV axis of the wing by regulating the expression of Ser and fng. In ap mutants the wing is lost, this phenotype can be rescued by ectopic expression of either Ser or fng and the resulting wings have both dorsal and ventral cell fates. (Klein et al., 1998) Ser does not signal in the dorsal regions of the developing imaginal wing disc due to the action of the fng gene product. Ectopic expression studies reveal the regulation of Ser by fng occurs at the level of protein and not Ser transcription. (Fleming et al., 1997) fng can suppress the ability of SerBd-3 to antagonize Dl during neurogenesis. (Hukriede et al., 1997) Ser and Dl maintain each other's expression in the wing by a positive feedback loop. fng functions to position and restrict this feedback loop to the developing dorsal-ventral boundary. (Panin et al., 1997) fng and Ser are distinct components of a single ap-regulated cell recognition and signal induction mechanism. Clonal analysis demonstrates that fng serves as a boundary-determining molecule such that Ser is induced wherever cells expressing fng and cells not expressing fng are juxtaposed. (Kim et al., 1995) fng encodes a boundary-specific cell-signalling molecule that is responsible for dorsal-ventral cell interactions during wing development. (Irvine and Wieschaus, 1994)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_079467 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_524191 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAA64525 AAF51658 AAL48549 AQ025264 AQ026356 AQ034131 AY070927 BI163576 CZ467289 CZ469096 CZ472998 L35770 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 40314 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • Q24342
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Fringe (IPR017374) Fringe-like (IPR003378) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • RE03010
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 65569 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0011591 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0011591 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0011591 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0011591 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG10580-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0011591 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 40314 Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /newgene/fringe.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 40314 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0011591 SignaLink - A protein-protein and protein-miRNA interaction database with multi-layered structure and multiple confidence scores. • Q24342
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 12 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG10580 (Whitfield, 2000.10.25, Grieder et al., 2007, Perkins et al., 1.15.2009, Yamamoto-Hino et al., 2012) Dfng (Haltiwanger and Stanley, 2002) D-Fng (Moloney et al., 2000) D-fng (Johnston et al., 1997) fg (Huang, 1998) fng (Althauser et al., 2005, Jordan et al., 2005, Cook, 2007.1.23, Cook, 2007.1.24, Terry et al., 2006, Atkey et al., 2006, Sato and Tomlinson, 2007, Wang and Struhl, 2004, Roignant et al., 2010, Delanoue et al., 2002, Lei et al., 2003, Thomas and van Meyel, 2007, Grieder et al., 2007, Xu et al., 2007, Slattery et al., 2011, Grueber et al., 2007, Kankel et al., 2007, Stacey et al., 2010, Levine et al., 2007, Lee et al., 2009, Becam and Milán, 2008, Ayroles et al., 2009, Hurlbut et al., 2009, Mok et al., 2005, Aoki et al., 2008, Pérez et al., 2005, Dworkin et al., 2009, Flaherty et al., 2009, Buceta et al., 2007, Hall et al., 2004, Berger et al., 2008, Gutierrez-Aviño et al., 2009, Liefke et al., 2010, Ishikawa et al., 2010, Tajiri et al., 2010, Tomoyasu et al., 2009, Beltran et al., 2007, Bronstein et al., 2010, Cherbas et al., 2011, Egger et al., 2010, Okajima et al., 2008) Fng (Gonzalez et al., 2006, Sato and Tomlinson, 2007, Herranz and Milan, 2006, Fiuza et al., 2010, Zhou et al., 2011, Juhász et al., 2007, Yamamoto-Hino et al., 2012) frg (de Celis and Bray, 1998) Frg (Goode and Perrimon, 1997) fringe (Matsuura et al., 2008) l(3)rG554 (Spradling et al., 1999, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, )
Name Synonym	Fringe (Althauser et al., 2005, Sato and Tomlinson, 2007, Terry et al., 2006, Sato and Tomlinson, 2007, Childress et al., 2006, Glittenberg et al., 2006, Fanto and McNeill, 2004, Fiuza et al., 2010, Kondylis et al., 2007, Buchon et al., 2009, Aoki et al., 2008, Buceta et al., 2007, Kondylis et al., 2011) fringe (Jordan et al., 2005, Irvine, 1995.3.29, Holley, 2006, Atkey et al., 2006, Bernard et al., 2006, Herranz and Milan, 2006, Gregory et al., 2007, Delanoue et al., 2002, Walters et al., 2006, Thomas and van Meyel, 2007, Grieder et al., 2007, Dawes-Hoang and Wieschaus, 2001, Bejarano et al., 2008, Slattery et al., 2011, Kankel et al., 2007, Le Garrec and Kerszberg, 2008, Zhou et al., 2011, Grammont, 2007, Jin et al., 2009, Hurlbut et al., 2009, Mok et al., 2005, Hall et al., 2004, Babaoglan et al., 2009, Berger et al., 2008, Gutierrez-Aviño et al., 2009, Liefke et al., 2010, Levine et al., 2010, Tajiri et al., 2010, Bronstein et al., 2010, Perdigoto et al., 2011, Okajima et al., 2008)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0011797
References ( 305 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 305 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 150 ) Supplementary material  ( 4 ) Review  ( 71 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 19 ) Abstract  ( 52 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 1 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Website  ( 1 ) Conference report  ( 2 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 1 ) Letter  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 7 )
	Yamamoto-Hino et al., 2012, Cell Struct. Funct. 37(1): 55--63 Cisterna-specific Localization of Glycosylation-related Proteins to the Golgi Apparatus. [FBrf0217862] Cherbas et al., 2011, Genome Res. 21(2): 301--314 The transcriptional diversity of 25 Drosophila cell lines. [FBrf0213077] Kondylis et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(2): e17173 Identification of ER Proteins Involved in the Functional Organisation of the Early Secretory Pathway in Drosophila Cells by a Targeted RNAi Screen. [FBrf0213167] Morozova et al., 2011, Genetics 187(4): 1193--1205 Transcriptional networks for alcohol sensitivity in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0214377] Perdigoto et al., 2011, Development 138(21): 4585--4595 Distinct levels of Notch activity for commitment and terminal differentiation of stem cells in the adult fly intestine. [FBrf0216374] Slattery et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(4): e14686 Genome-wide tissue-specific occupancy of the hox protein ultrabithorax and hox cofactor homothorax in Drosophila. [FBrf0213426] Zhou et al., 2011, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108(6): 2349--2354 Experimental selection of hypoxia-tolerant Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0213011] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...