pMad is expressed in CCAP-EN neurons but not in the CCAP-IN neurons.

The phosphorylated form of Mad protein is detected in two stripes in the eye disc: one corresponding to the morphogenetic furrow and the other anterior to it. No expression of phosphorylated Mad is detected in glial cells in the eye disc.

In the eye disc, antibody to phosphorylated Mad stains a broad band of cells anterior to and within the morphogenetic furrow, terminating in a stripe of more intensely labelled cells around columns 3 and 4 at the posterior edge of the furrow. In antennal disc, a broad band of nuclei in the ventral region of the disc is stained. Staining is observed in peripodial cells over the ventral region of the antennal disc and the dorsal region of the eye disc. In some preparations, nuclear pMad was also weakly detected in peripodial epithelium cells directly overlying the morphogenetic furrow.

Phosphorylated Mad protein is expressed in the presynaptic domain of type I boutons at the neuromuscular junction.

Phosphorylated Mad (pMAd) protein is detected in the spiracular chambers, spiracular branches, and dorsal trunk branches of the tracheal system. Expression is seen in the spiracular chamber form embryonic stage 13 and appears in the spriacular branch and dorsal trunk branches at stage 14 and persists through stage 17.

Mad is observed in the dorsal epidermis and the ventrolateral epidermis at embryonic stage 13.

Phosphorylated Mad (pMad) is detected in the amnioserosa and in the epidermis around the leading edge at embryonic stage 11. A ventral stripe is also seen. From stage 12 on, pMad levels decline in the amnioserosa but persist in epidermis stripes. At doral closure, expression is absent from the amnioserosa but persists in the epidermis.

Phosphorylated Mad protein is detected in centripetal follicle cells.

In third instar larval eye discs, the phosphorylated form of Mad is observed in a low-level, uniform granular distribution in and anterior to the morphogenetic furrow. Expression rises to a high level in regular groups of cells on the posterior side for two columns. This is followed by very low-level expression further posterior. The highest levels appear in groups of cells, just posterior to the first and second column of single ato-positive ommatidial founder cells and posterior to dpp transcription as revealed by a dpp lacZ reporter.

Strong pMad staining is observed in the

precursor cells of the longitudinal veins around 19-22 hr after pupation. From 17-22 hr APF, pMAD accumulates in a broad patch of cells in the region of the presumptive posterior crossvein. During subsequent stages (13-28 hr APF), the pMAD staining becomes refined into a narrow stripe of cells that form the posterior crossvein.

Phosphorylated Mad protein is distributed in a gradient, with the highest levels near the anterior/posterior compartment boundary.

staining was for for pMad

In male adults, Mad protein is expressed in germline stem cells.

In female adults, Mad protein is expressed at a high level in germline stem cells, and at a low level in cystoblasts.

Phosphorylated Mad protein is localized to a subset of motor neurons in late stage embryos.

Phosphorylated Mad (pMad) is first detected at future sites of the crossveins at 19-21 hr APF and in portions of the longitudinal veins near the crossvein attachment sites and along wing vein L2. By 24-26 hr APF staining is seen all along the longitudinal veins but is stronger near the crossveins. At 36 hr APF, staining is seen throughout the wing but is stronger in the crossveins. Strong staining is also observed in the nuclei and axons of the PNS of the wing at 18-36 hr APF.

Mad protein is ubiquitously distributed in embryos.