FB2025_01 , released February 20, 2025
Gene: Dmel\insc
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\insc
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
inscuteable
Annotation Symbol
CG11312
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0011674
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
32 publicly available
Gene Summary
inscuteable (insc) encodes an adaptor protein required for asymmetric cell division. It interacts with the microtubule binding protein encoded by mud and the adaptor encoded by pins. It also binds to the apical complex proteins encoded by baz, par-6 and aPKC and may recruit microtubule binding proteins to the apical cell cortex to induce apical-basal spindle orientation. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

nem, fam, l(2)05475

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
57B3-57B3
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-92
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:20821262..20836028
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (20 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables cytoskeletal anchor activity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:corn; FB:FBgn0259173
(Bulgheresi et al., 2001)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables cytoskeletal anchor activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000483397
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (14 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (12 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in apical protein localization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Bulgheresi et al., 2001)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:corn; FB:FBgn0259173
(Bulgheresi et al., 2001)
involved_in asymmetric neuroblast division
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Gαi; FB:FBgn0001104
(Cai et al., 2003)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:pins; FB:FBgn0040080
(Cai et al., 2003)
involved_in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Berkey et al., 2009)
involved_in establishment of mitotic spindle localization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kaltschmidt et al., 2000, Kraut et al., 1996)
involved_in Malpighian tubule tip cell differentiation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wan et al., 2000)
involved_in neuroblast fate determination
inferred from direct assay
(Udolph et al., 2009)
involved_in peripheral nervous system development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Burchard et al., 1995)
involved_in protein localization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kraut et al., 1996)
involved_in regulation of asymmetric cell division
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Gaziova and Bhat, 2009)
involved_in regulation of nervous system development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Gaziova and Bhat, 2009)
involved_in RNA localization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Li et al., 1997)
involved_in somatic muscle development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Burchard et al., 1995)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in apical protein localization
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000483397
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in asymmetric cell division
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR039921
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in regulation of asymmetric cell division
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000483397
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in sensory organ development
traceable author statement
(Chen and Fishman, 2000)
Cellular Component (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in apical cortex
inferred from direct assay
(Nipper et al., 2007, Siegrist and Doe, 2005, Fuerstenberg et al., 1998, Li et al., 1997, Kraut et al., 1996)
located_in cell cortex
inferred from direct assay
(Akiyama-Oda et al., 2000)
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Li et al., 1997)
part_of raps-insc complex
inferred from direct assay
(Culurgioni et al., 2011)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in apical cortex
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000483397
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
inscuteable (insc) encodes an adaptor protein required for asymmetric cell division. It interacts with the microtubule binding protein encoded by mud and the adaptor encoded by pins. It also binds to the apical complex proteins encoded by baz, par-6 and aPKC and may recruit microtubule binding proteins to the apical cell cortex to induce apical-basal spindle orientation. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
RAPS-INSC COMPLEX -
The raps-insc complex is an adaptor complex involved in organisation of the mitotic spindle in asymmetric cell division. (Adapted from FBrf0217064.)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

novel protein - SH3 binding domain, ankyrin repeats and cytoskeletal attachment domain - controller of cell fate during asymmetric cell division

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\insc for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9W2R4)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.51

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Shares 5' UTR with upstream gene.

Gene model reviewed during 5.53

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
insc-RA
FBtr0071562
NM_057676
3887
859
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

4.3 (northern blot)

(Knirr et al., 1997)

4.2 (northern blot)

(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
insc-PA
FBpp0071490
95.0
859
6.68
Q9W2R4
NP_477024
AAF46626
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

767 (aa); 84 (kD predicted)

(Knirr et al., 1997)

859 (aa)

(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\insc using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.70

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
central brain anlage in statu nascendi
(Fisher et al., 2012)
head mesoderm anlage
(Fisher et al., 2012)
antennal anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
antennal anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
head mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
head mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 11
neuroblast of ventral nervous system
(Cai et al., 2001)
embryonic stage 9 -- 17
procephalic neuroblast
(Cai et al., 2001)
thoracic neuroblast
(Cai et al., 2001)
abdominal neuroblast
(Cai et al., 2001)
embryonic stage 10 -- 12
C1 chordotonal organ precursor cell
(Knirr et al., 1997)
posterior midgut primordium
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
anterior midgut primordium
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
embryonic primordium of adult anterior midgut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic primordium of adult posterior midgut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
anterior midgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal sensory complex primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
germline cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior midgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
procephalic neuroblast
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral sensory complex anlage
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
adult midgut progenitor cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
amnioserosa
(Fisher et al., 2012)
apoptotic amnioserosa
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal sensory complex proper primordium

Comment: reported as dorsal/lateral sensory complexes

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic brain
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic central brain neuron
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic neuroblast of embryonic central brain
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic small intestine
(Fisher et al., 2012)
neuroblast of ventral nervous system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval ventral nerve cord
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral sensory complex primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
larval ventral nerve cord | restricted
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
embryonic stage 1 -- 14
embryonic brain
(Knirr et al., 1997)
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system
(Knirr et al., 1997)
embryonic stage 4
procephalic neurogenic region
(Knirr et al., 1997)
embryonic stage 6
procephalic neurogenic region
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
embryonic stage 7 -- 15

Comment: reference states 3-12 hr AEL

(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
embryonic stage 9 -- 11
neuroblast
(Knirr et al., 1997, Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
ventral neurectoderm
(Knirr et al., 1997)
embryonic stage 9 -- 17

Comment: reference states 4-20 hr AEL

(Knirr et al., 1997)
embryonic stage 10
ganglion mother cell
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
embryonic stage 10 -- 12
presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system | restricted
(Knirr et al., 1997)
embryonic stage 10 -- 13
myoblast of larval muscle system
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
embryonic stage 11 -- 13
sense organ | precursor
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
embryonic stage 13 -- 15
embryonic/larval midgut
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
embryonic stage 15 -- 17
Malpighian tubule
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
gastric caecum
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
embryonic/larval hindgut
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
embryonic/larval pharynx
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
embryonic/larval tracheal section
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
adult stage
(Knirr et al., 1997)
Additional Descriptive Data

insc transcript is detected in 4-20 hr embryos, and in adult male and female flies. insc transcript is first detected during the cellular blastoderm stage within the procephalic neurogenic region. The region of expression extends dorsally at stage 6/7. Expression is subsequently detected in individual cells within the embryonic brain until late embryogenesis. During germ band extension, insc transcript expression is detected in the neurectoderm, and in early germ band extended embryos, the full wave of delaminating neuroblasts express insc transcript. In the developing CNS, most, if not all, neuroblasts express insc. Transient expression in some putative PNS precursors (external sense organ precursors and Ich5 precursor) is detected in 5 hr embryos. No CNS expression is detected after stage 14 of embryogenesis.

(Knirr et al., 1997)

insc RNA is localized to the apical cortex of neuroblasts during interphase. During mitosis, it is located in the cytoplasm.

(Li et al., 1997, Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term

plasma membrane | apical & proximal to

cytoplasm

(Li et al., 1997)
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
larval ventral nerve cord | restricted
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
embryonic stage 6
procephalic neurogenic region
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
embryonic stage 9 -- 11
neuroblast
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
embryonic stage 10
ganglion mother cell
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
neuroblast | apical
• cytoplasm | apical

Comment: metaphase

(Bulgheresi et al., 2001)
neuroblast
• cytoplasm

Comment: telophase

(Bulgheresi et al., 2001)
embryonic stage 10 -- 11
neuroblast of ventral nervous system
(Cai et al., 2001)
embryonic stage 10 -- 12
anterior midgut primordium
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
posterior midgut primordium
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
embryonic stage 10 -- 13
myoblast of larval muscle system
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
embryonic stage 10 -- 17
procephalic neuroblast
(Cai et al., 2001)
thoracic neuroblast
(Cai et al., 2001)
abdominal neuroblast
(Cai et al., 2001)
embryonic stage 11
ganglion mother cell GMC1-1a | apical
(Bhat and Apsel, 2004)
embryonic stage 11 -- 13
sense organ | precursor
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
embryonic stage 13 -- 15
embryonic/larval midgut
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
embryonic stage 15 -- 17
embryonic/larval tracheal section
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
Malpighian tubule
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
gastric caecum
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
embryonic/larval hindgut
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
embryonic/larval pharynx
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
larval stage
type I neuroblast | apical
(Chai et al., 2013)
pupal stage P6 -- pharate adult stage P15
wing disc | restricted

Comment: reference states >20 hr APF

(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
Additional Descriptive Data

insc protein localizes to the apical end of GMC1-1.

(Bhat and Apsel, 2004, Kraut et al., 1996)

raps protein and insc protein colocalize during the neuroblast cell cycle except in delaminating neuroblasts at which time insc protein is detected in the apical stalks of neuroblasts and raps protein is not detected.

(Yu et al., 2000)

insc protein is first detected at stage 6 in the procephalic neurectoderm and later in the delaminating neuroblasts of the ventral nerve cord. At late stage 10, insc protein is detected in two cells per segment in the lateral epidermis that are thought to be the first two cells that will give rise to the larval peripheral sense organs. Expression is lost in developing sense organs by the time of dorsal closure but remains in the CNS until after it has condensed. In stages 10-13, expression is seen in mesodermal cells presumed to be muscle precursors and in the posterior midgut primordia. Strong expression is seen at stage 15 in the pharynx, gastric caecae, hindgut, tracheal branches, and Malpighian tubules. insc protein is also detected in pupal wing discs older than about 20hr after puparium formation. It is present in the intervein spaces and is excluded from the veins themselves.

(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in apical cortex
inferred from direct assay
(Nipper et al., 2007, Siegrist and Doe, 2005, Fuerstenberg et al., 1998, Li et al., 1997, Kraut et al., 1996)
located_in cell cortex
inferred from direct assay
(Akiyama-Oda et al., 2000)
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Li et al., 1997)
part_of raps-insc complex
inferred from direct assay
(Culurgioni et al., 2011)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{GawB}inscMz1407
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 10 -- 12
neuroblast
(Luo et al., 1994)
embryonic stage 13 -- 17
presumptive embryonic/larval nervous system
(Luo et al., 1994)
embryonic stage
nervous system
(Fergestad and Broadie, 2001)
presumptive embryonic/larval nervous system
(Prokop et al., 1998)
embryonic neuroblast
(Prokop et al., 1998)
second instar larval stage
neuroblast MBp

Comment: 36 hours after hatching

(Kraft et al., 2016)
larval neuron | subset of embryonic/larval mushroom body

Comment: 36 hours after hatching

(Kraft et al., 2016)
ganglion mother cell of embryonic/larval mushroom body

Comment: 36 hours after hatching

(Kraft et al., 2016)
second instar larval stage -- third instar larval stage
neuroblast of embryonic/larval optic lobe
(Wang et al., 2011)
neuroblast of larval brain
(Wang et al., 2011)
neuroblast of larval ventral nerve cord
(Wang et al., 2011)
early third instar larval stage
neuroblast MBp

Comment: 48 hours after hatching

(Kraft et al., 2016)
larval neuron | subset of embryonic/larval mushroom body

Comment: 48 hours after hatching

(Kraft et al., 2016)
ganglion mother cell of embryonic/larval mushroom body

Comment: 48 hours after hatching

(Kraft et al., 2016)
late third instar larval stage
neuroblast MBp

Comment: 96 hours after hatching

(Kraft et al., 2016)
larval neuron | subset of embryonic/larval mushroom body

Comment: 96 hours after hatching

(Kraft et al., 2016)
ganglion mother cell of embryonic/larval mushroom body

Comment: 96 hours after hatching

(Kraft et al., 2016)
pharate adult stage P9
neuroblast MBp

Comment: 72 hours APF

(Kraft et al., 2016)
Kenyon cell | subset

Comment: 72 hours APF

(Kraft et al., 2016)
ganglion mother cell of adult mushroom body

Comment: 72 hours APF

(Kraft et al., 2016)
adult stage
adult nervous system
(Connolly et al., 1996)
Kenyon cell | subset
(Kraft et al., 2016)
adult oenocyte
(Ferveur et al., 1997)
adult midgut
(Ferveur et al., 1997)
Reporter: P{lacZ}inscAB44
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
larval ventral nerve cord | restricted
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
embryonic stage 6
procephalic neurogenic region
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
embryonic stage 9 -- 11
neuroblast
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
embryonic stage 10
ganglion mother cell
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
embryonic stage 10 -- 12
anterior midgut primordium
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
posterior midgut primordium
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
embryonic stage 10 -- 13
myoblast of larval muscle system
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
embryonic stage 11 -- 13
sense organ | precursor
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
embryonic stage 13 -- 15
embryonic/larval midgut
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
embryonic stage 15 -- 17
gastric caecum
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
Malpighian tubule
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
embryonic/larval hindgut
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
embryonic/larval tracheal section
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
embryonic/larval pharynx
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
adult stage & oogenesis
follicle cell
(Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\insc in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 40 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 40 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of insc
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of insc
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 12 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die during embryonic stage | recessive
partially lethal - majority die
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4arm.PS
viable, with Scer\GAL4eg-Mz360
viable, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Sterility
Allele
fertile
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal behavior | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4elav.Switch.PO
abnormal cell polarity, with Scer\GAL4neur-P72
abnormal cell polarity, with Scer\GAL4sca-P309
abnormal neuroanatomy
abnormal neuroanatomy | embryonic stage
abnormal neuroanatomy | somatic clone
decreased rate of adult locomotory behavior
decreased rate of adult locomotory behavior, with Scer\GAL4elav.Switch.PO
decreased rate of adult locomotory behavior, with Scer\GAL4iav.PK
decreased rate of adult locomotory behavior, with Scer\GAL4insc-1235-G4
decreased rate of adult locomotory behavior, with Scer\GAL4nan.PK
decreased rate of adult locomotory behavior | progressive
some die during embryonic stage | recessive
some die during immature adult stage | recessive
visible, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4
wild-type
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
abdominal 1 lateral adult muscle precursor cell
abdominal 1 lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5
abdominal 1 segment border muscle cell
abdominal 1 ventral longitudinal muscle cell
abdominal 1 ventral oblique muscle cell
abdominal 2 lateral adult muscle precursor cell
abdominal 2 lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5
abdominal 2 segment border muscle cell
abdominal 2 ventral longitudinal muscle cell
abdominal 2 ventral oblique muscle cell
abdominal 3 lateral adult muscle precursor cell
abdominal 3 lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5
abdominal 3 segment border muscle cell
abdominal 3 ventral longitudinal muscle cell
abdominal 3 ventral oblique muscle cell
abdominal 4 lateral adult muscle precursor cell
abdominal 4 lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5
abdominal 4 segment border muscle cell
abdominal 4 ventral longitudinal muscle cell
abdominal 4 ventral oblique muscle cell
abdominal 5 lateral adult muscle precursor cell
abdominal 5 lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5
abdominal 5 segment border muscle cell
abdominal 5 ventral longitudinal muscle cell
abdominal 5 ventral oblique muscle cell
abdominal 6 lateral adult muscle precursor cell
abdominal 6 lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5
abdominal 6 segment border muscle cell
abdominal 6 ventral longitudinal muscle cell
abdominal 6 ventral oblique muscle cell
abdominal 7 lateral adult muscle precursor cell
abdominal 7 lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5
abdominal 7 segment border muscle cell
abdominal 7 ventral longitudinal muscle cell
abdominal 7 ventral oblique muscle cell
abdominal 8 ventral longitudinal muscle cell
abdominal 8 ventral oblique muscle cell
abdominal adult muscle precursor cell
abdominal anterior ventral multidendritic neuron vdaa | increased number
abdominal v'esA neuron
abdominal v'esB neuron
abdominal ventral bipolar dendrite neuron vbd | increased number
abdominal ventral sensillum campaniformium vc1 & thecogen cell
abdominal ventral sensillum campaniformium vc2 & thecogen cell
abdominal ventral sensillum campaniformium vc3 & thecogen cell
abdominal ventral sensillum campaniformium vc4a & thecogen cell
abdominal ventral sensillum campaniformium vc4b & thecogen cell
abdominal vesA neuron
abdominal vesB neuron
abdominal vesC neuron
chordotonal organ
chordotonal organ | lateral
dorsal oblique muscle cell
ectoderm & embryo & spindle
embryonic epidermis & spindle, with Scer\GAL4h-1J3
embryonic neuroblast
embryonic neuroblast & spindle
embryonic precursor cell of adult muscle
external sensory organ precursor cell I, with Scer\GAL4neur-P72
femur
femur, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
ganglion mother cell GMC1-1a
ganglion mother cell GMC4-2a
hypodermal muscle cell of larval abdominal 9
imaginal disc
larval abdominal 1 lch5 neuron | embryonic stage
larval abdominal 2 lch5 neuron | embryonic stage
larval abdominal 3 lch5 neuron | embryonic stage
larval abdominal 4 lch5 neuron | embryonic stage
larval abdominal 5 lch5 neuron | embryonic stage
larval abdominal 6 lch5 neuron | embryonic stage
larval abdominal 7 lch5 neuron | embryonic stage
larval abdominal ventral cluster group multidendritic neuron | ectopic
larval DA1 motor neuron | ectopic | somatic clone
larval EL neuron
larval RP2 motor neuron
larval RP2 motor neuron | ectopic | somatic clone
larval RP2 motor neuron | embryonic stage
larval RP2 motor neuron | increased number
larval somatic muscle cell
larval ventral multidendritic neuron vdaA | increased number
larval ventral multidendritic neuron vdaB | increased number
larval ventral multidendritic neuron vdaC | increased number
larval ventral multidendritic neuron vdaD | increased number
Malpighian tubule tip cell | ectopic
mechanosensory neuron of femoral chordotonal organ
mechanosensory neuron of femoral chordotonal organ, with Scer\GAL4nan.PK
mesothoracic lateral transverse muscle cell
mesothoracic segment border muscle cell
mesothoracic ventral longitudinal muscle cell
mesothoracic ventral oblique muscle cell
metathoracic lateral transverse muscle cell
metathoracic segment border muscle cell
metathoracic ventral longitudinal muscle cell
metathoracic ventral oblique muscle cell
mitotic domain 9 & spindle
muscle cell of abdominal 1 dorsal acute muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 1 dorsal acute muscle 3
muscle cell of abdominal 1 dorsal oblique muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 1 dorsal oblique muscle 4
muscle cell of abdominal 1 dorsal oblique muscle 5
muscle cell of abdominal 1 dorsal transverse muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 1 lateral longitudinal muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 1 lateral transverse muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 1 lateral transverse muscle 2
muscle cell of abdominal 1 lateral transverse muscle 3
muscle cell of abdominal 1 ventral oblique muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 1 ventral oblique muscle 2
muscle cell of abdominal 1 ventral oblique muscle 3
muscle cell of abdominal 2 dorsal acute muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 2 dorsal acute muscle 3
muscle cell of abdominal 2 dorsal oblique muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 2 dorsal oblique muscle 4
muscle cell of abdominal 2 dorsal oblique muscle 5
muscle cell of abdominal 2 dorsal transverse muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 2 lateral longitudinal muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 2 lateral transverse muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 2 lateral transverse muscle 2
muscle cell of abdominal 2 lateral transverse muscle 3
muscle cell of abdominal 2 ventral oblique muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 2 ventral oblique muscle 2
muscle cell of abdominal 2 ventral oblique muscle 3
muscle cell of abdominal 3 dorsal acute muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 3 dorsal acute muscle 3
muscle cell of abdominal 3 dorsal oblique muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 3 dorsal oblique muscle 4
muscle cell of abdominal 3 dorsal oblique muscle 5
muscle cell of abdominal 3 dorsal transverse muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 3 lateral longitudinal muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 3 lateral transverse muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 3 lateral transverse muscle 2
muscle cell of abdominal 3 lateral transverse muscle 3
muscle cell of abdominal 3 ventral oblique muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 3 ventral oblique muscle 2
muscle cell of abdominal 3 ventral oblique muscle 3
muscle cell of abdominal 4 dorsal acute muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 4 dorsal acute muscle 3
muscle cell of abdominal 4 dorsal oblique muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 4 dorsal oblique muscle 4
muscle cell of abdominal 4 dorsal oblique muscle 5
muscle cell of abdominal 4 dorsal transverse muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 4 lateral longitudinal muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 4 lateral transverse muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 4 lateral transverse muscle 2
muscle cell of abdominal 4 lateral transverse muscle 3
muscle cell of abdominal 4 ventral oblique muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 4 ventral oblique muscle 2
muscle cell of abdominal 4 ventral oblique muscle 3
muscle cell of abdominal 5 dorsal acute muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 5 dorsal acute muscle 3
muscle cell of abdominal 5 dorsal oblique muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 5 dorsal oblique muscle 4
muscle cell of abdominal 5 dorsal oblique muscle 5
muscle cell of abdominal 5 dorsal transverse muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 5 lateral longitudinal muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 5 lateral transverse muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 5 lateral transverse muscle 2
muscle cell of abdominal 5 lateral transverse muscle 3
muscle cell of abdominal 5 ventral oblique muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 5 ventral oblique muscle 2
muscle cell of abdominal 5 ventral oblique muscle 3
muscle cell of abdominal 6 dorsal acute muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 6 dorsal acute muscle 3
muscle cell of abdominal 6 dorsal oblique muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 6 dorsal oblique muscle 4
muscle cell of abdominal 6 dorsal oblique muscle 5
muscle cell of abdominal 6 dorsal transverse muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 6 lateral longitudinal muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 6 lateral transverse muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 6 lateral transverse muscle 2
muscle cell of abdominal 6 lateral transverse muscle 3
muscle cell of abdominal 6 ventral oblique muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 6 ventral oblique muscle 2
muscle cell of abdominal 6 ventral oblique muscle 3
muscle cell of abdominal 7 dorsal acute muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 7 dorsal acute muscle 3
muscle cell of abdominal 7 dorsal oblique muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 7 dorsal oblique muscle 4
muscle cell of abdominal 7 dorsal oblique muscle 5
muscle cell of abdominal 7 dorsal transverse muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 7 lateral longitudinal muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 7 lateral transverse muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 7 lateral transverse muscle 2
muscle cell of abdominal 7 lateral transverse muscle 3
muscle cell of abdominal 7 ventral oblique muscle 1
muscle cell of abdominal 7 ventral oblique muscle 2
muscle cell of abdominal 7 ventral oblique muscle 3
muscle cell of abdominal 8 dorsal oblique muscle 1
muscle cell of mesothoracic dorsal acute muscle 1
muscle cell of mesothoracic dorsal oblique muscle 1
muscle cell of mesothoracic lateral longitudinal muscle 1
muscle cell of metathoracic dorsal acute muscle 1
muscle cell of metathoracic dorsal oblique muscle 1
muscle cell of metathoracic ventral oblique muscle 1
muscle cell of metathoracic ventral oblique muscle 2
muscle cell of metathoracic ventral oblique muscle 3
muscle cell of prothoracic dorsal oblique muscle 1
neuroblast | P-stage, with Scer\GAL4sca-P309
neuroblast NB1-1
neuroblast NB1-1 | somatic clone
neuroblast NB4-2
neuroblast NB4-2 | somatic clone
neuroblast NB7-1
neuroblast NB7-1 | somatic clone
pCC neuron
pCC neuron | somatic clone
pericardial cell | embryonic stage
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system
presumptive embryonic/larval digestive system
presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system
RP2sib neuron
RP2sib neuron | embryonic stage
RP2sib neuron | somatic clone
scutellar bristle, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4
somatic muscle cell | dorsal
somatic muscle cell | lateral
somatic muscle cell | ventral
tormogen cell, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4
trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4
trichogen cell | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4
U neuron | somatic clone
ventral nerve cord primordium, with Scer\GAL4sca-P309
wing
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (1)
Hsap\INSC
6 of 14
Yes
Yes
 
4  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)
Rnor\Insc
6 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)
Mmus\Insc
7 of 14
Yes
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (2)
Xtro\ccn4
1 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\insc
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\insc-1
3 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (0)
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:insc. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
inscHMJ22537
model of  Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2
CEA
(Yeh et al., 2024)
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
Human Ortholog
Disease
Evidence
References
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
INSC; INSC spindle orientation adaptor protein
6 of 14
610668
       
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Dmel gene
      Ortholog showing functional complementation
      Supporting References
      insc
      Hsap\INSC
      (Yeh et al., 2024)
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      esyN Network Diagram
      Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
      Show/hide secondary interactors 
      (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
      Select Layout:
      Legend:
      Protein
      RNA
      Selected Interactor(s)
      Other Interaction Browsers
      View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
      Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
      RNA-protein
      Physical Interaction
      Assay
      References
      insc - abs
      rna three hybrid
      (Irion et al., 2004)
      insc - egl
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr, full identification by DNA sequencing
      (Vazquez-Pianzola et al., 2017)
      protein-protein
      Physical Interaction
      Assay
      References
      insc
      pull down, autoradiography
      (Knoblich et al., 1999)
      insc - Gαi
      pull down, autoradiography, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, peptide massfingerprinting
      (Schaefer et al., 2001, Schaefer et al., 2000)
      insc - Gαo
      pull down, autoradiography, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
      (Schaefer et al., 2000)
      insc - baz
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, pull down, autoradiography
      (Schober et al., 1999, Wodarz et al., 1999)
      insc - corn
      pull down, autoradiography, two hybrid
      (Bulgheresi et al., 2001)
      insc - mira
      pull down, autoradiography
      (Shen et al., 1998)
      insc - pins
      two hybrid, pull down, autoradiography, static light scattering, molecular weight, molecular weight estimation by staining, molecular sieving, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, x-ray crystallography
      (Parra et al., 2023, Culurgioni et al., 2018, Januschke et al., 2013, Mauser and Prehoda, 2012, Culurgioni et al., 2011, Schaefer et al., 2000, Yu et al., 2000)
      insc - stau
      two hybrid, pull down, autoradiography
      (Li et al., 1997)
      insc - wts
      coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
      (Keder et al., 2015)
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      esyN Network Diagram
      Show/hide secondary interactors 
      (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
      esyN Network Key:
      Suppression
      Enhancement
      Other Interaction Browsers
      View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
      Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      insc
      suppressible
      H
      (Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2000)
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      egl
      suppressible
      insc
      (Hughes et al., 2004)
      fzr
      suppressible
      insc
      (Neuert et al., 2017)
      Gαi
      enhanceable
      insc
      (Yu et al., 2003)
      H
      enhanceable
      insc
      (Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2000)
      N
      enhanceable
      insc
      (Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2000)
      pdm2
      enhanceable
      insc
      (Bhat and Apsel, 2004)
      pins
      enhanceable
      insc
      (Cai et al., 2003)
      pon::pins
      enhanceable
      insc
      (Cai et al., 2003)
      External Data
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Pathways
      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
      Metabolic Pathways
      FlyBase
      External Links
      External Data
      Linkouts
      Class of Gene
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      2R
      Recombination map
      2-92
      Cytogenetic map
      57B3-57B3
      Sequence location
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      57B3-57B3
      Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(2)k06409k06409&P{PZ}insc05475 and P{PZ}l(2)0780607806
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      57B1-57B4
      (determined by in situ hybridisation)
      (Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2000)
      57B1-57B4
      (Kraut, 1994.12.1)
      57B1-57B20
      (Knirr, 1996.10.6)
      57B1-57B5
      (determined by in situ hybridisation)
      (Kania et al., 1995)
      57B-57B
      (determined by in situ hybridisation)
      (Burchard et al., 1995)
      57B-57B
      57B1--3 57B1--5 57B2--3 57B3--5
      (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Location

      2-92

      (FlyBase, 2016)

      2-98.7

      (Comeron et al., 2012)

      2-

      (Knirr, 1996.10.6, Kraut, 1994.12.1)
      Left of (cM)
      Right of (cM)
      Notes
      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (32)
      Genomic Clones (22)
      cDNA Clones (24)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
         

        polyclonal

        (Bhat and Apsel, 2004, Schaefer et al., 2001, Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Cell Line Information
        Publicly Available Cell Lines
         
          Other Stable Cell Lines
           
            Other Comments

            insc has a role in augmenting metaphase spindle length in embryonic neuroblasts.

            (Hughes et al., 2004)

            insc regulates the apical-basal polarity of the pIIb division in the vp1-vp4a lineages in the embryo.

            (Orgogozo et al., 2001)

            mira and insc are required for the correct cortical location of pros protein in NB6-4T.

            (Akiyama-Oda et al., 2000)

            The central third of the insc coding region is sufficient for the normal glia-neuron cell-fate choice of the NB6-4T daughter cell.

            (Akiyama-Oda et al., 2000)

            Embryos deficient for insc function show failure of spindle rotation in neuroblasts.

            (Kaltschmidt et al., 2000)

            raps and insc might orient asymmetric cell divisions by localising or locally modulating a heterotrimeric G-protein signalling cascade at the apical cell cortex.

            (Schaefer et al., 2000)

            Apical localisation of insc protein in embryonic neuroblasts requires baz.

            (Schober et al., 1999)

            Localisation of insc protein depends on baz.

            (Wodarz et al., 1999)

            The correct positioning of numb protein and proper orientation of division in ganglion mother cells requires insc.

            (Buescher et al., 1998)

            Asymmetrical segregation of numb protein into one of the sibling cells produced by division of muscle progenitor cells depends on insc, and is essential for the specification of distinct sibling cell fates.

            (Carmena et al., 1998)

            Extrinsic and intrinsic cues and microfilaments regulate the subcellular localisation of the pros, insc and stau proteins in neuroblasts.

            (Broadus and Doe, 1997)

            insc and stau mediate asymmetric localization and segregation of pros RNA during neuroblast cell divisions. insc nucleates an apical complex and is required for protein localization, spindle orientation and RNA localization.

            (Li et al., 1997)

            Mutant embryos show lack of muscles without disturbance of myoblast fusion or epidermis pattern.

            (Buttgereit, 1996)

            insc is a neural precursor gene and encodes a candidate for a cytoskeletal adaptor protein.

            (Kraut and Campos-Ortega, 1996)

            Ectopic expression of insc in other epithelial cells leads to spindle reorientation.

            (Kraut et al., 1996)

            Orientation of the mitotic spindle and correct localisation of numb and pros in basal daughter cells requires insc.

            (Kraut et al., 1996)

            insc may be required for the development of the somatic musculature and the chordotonal organs of the PNS, but it is not involved in the development of the visceral mesoderm and the dorsal vessel.

            (Burchard et al., 1995)

            The CNS and PNS of insc mutants are morphologically abnormal, resulting from general disorganization of the neuroblast array and defective neuroblast morphology and abnormal sense organ morphology. The numbers of particular neuroblasts, and their ganglion mother cell progeny, are also faulty.

            (Kraut et al., 1995)

            The insc product may affect cytoskeletal organization and/or asymmetric division of neuronal precursors.

            (Kraut et al., 1995)
            Relationship to Other Genes
            Source for database merge of
            Additional comments

            The complementation group previously identified as 'fam' corresponds to the sktl/insc locus. Until it is demonstrated to be otherwise, all alleles previously represented as alleles of 'fam' are now recorded as alleles of both insc and sktl.

            Nomenclature History
            Source for database identify of
            Nomenclature comments
            Etymology
            Synonyms and Secondary IDs (17)
            Reported As
            Symbol Synonym
            25/17
            (Roch et al., 1998)
            CG11312
            (National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2023-, Neuert et al., 2017, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Haussmann et al., 2008)
            INSC
            (Januschke et al., 2013)
            Ins
            (Ohno, 2001)
            Insc
            (Thompson, 2022, Weterings et al., 2021, Zhang et al., 2021, Cammarota et al., 2020, Loyer and Januschke, 2020, Wen, 2020, Curt et al., 2019, Carmena, 2018, Culurgioni et al., 2018, Lang and Munro, 2017, Richardson and Portela, 2017, Ajduk and Zernicka-Goetz, 2016, Yasugi and Nishimura, 2016, Zhang et al., 2016, Bajaj et al., 2015, Ferrero et al., 2014, Mauri et al., 2014, Chai et al., 2013, Culurgioni and Mapelli, 2013, Lu and Johnston, 2013, Andersen et al., 2012, Kelsom and Lu, 2012, Ulvklo et al., 2012, Yoshiura et al., 2012, van Eyk et al., 2011, Wang et al., 2011, Berkey et al., 2009, Sousa-Nunes et al., 2009, Wang et al., 2009, Chia et al., 2008, Krahn and Wodarz, 2008, Wirtz-Peitz et al., 2008, Wirtz-Peitz et al., 2008, Nipper et al., 2007, Slack et al., 2007, Speicher et al., 2007, Wang et al., 2007, Lee et al., 2006, Siegrist and Doe, 2006, Wang et al., 2006, Wang et al., 2005, Yamashita et al., 2005, Schaefer et al., 2001)
            fam
            (Kania et al., 1995, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
            insc
            (Keegan et al., 2023, Crocker et al., 2021, Klann et al., 2021, Carmena, 2020, Hung et al., 2020, Li and Hidalgo, 2020, Otsuki and Brand, 2018, An et al., 2017, Jiang et al., 2017, Neuert et al., 2017, Vazquez-Pianzola et al., 2017, Clandinin and Owens, 2016-, Dubois et al., 2016, Kraft et al., 2016, Hartenstein et al., 2015, Keder et al., 2015, Aleksic et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013, Ruan et al., 2013, Southall et al., 2013, Zhu and Zhang, 2013, Andersen et al., 2012, Carney et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Smith and Prehoda, 2011, Tio et al., 2011, Zhu and Bhat, 2011, Zhu and Bhat, 2011, Desroches et al., 2010, Gaziova and Bhat, 2009, Liu et al., 2009, Sellin et al., 2009, Southall and Brand, 2009, Udolph et al., 2009, Bowman et al., 2008, Christensen et al., 2008.12.28, FlyBase Curators, 2008-, Speicher et al., 2008, Tögel et al., 2008, Christensen et al., 2007.10.29, Egger et al., 2007, Griffiths et al., 2007, Kankel et al., 2007, Zeitlinger et al., 2007, Basto et al., 2006, Choksi et al., 2006, Wang et al., 2006, Ahringer, 2005, Emery et al., 2005, Siegrist and Doe, 2005, Popichenko and Paululat, 2004, Rath et al., 2002, Yu et al., 2002)
            l(2)05475
            (Chen et al., 1998)
            l(2)k12405
            (Chen et al., 1998)
            nem
            (Knirr et al., 1997, Li et al., 1997, Buttgereit, 1996, Knirr, 1996.10.6, Kraut et al., 1996, Burchard et al., 1995)
            Name Synonyms
            Inscutable
            (Tepass, 2002)
            Inscuteable
            (Majumdar and Liu, 2020, Lang and Munro, 2017, Bergstralh et al., 2016, Bergstralh et al., 2015, Bergstralh et al., 2013, Lu and Johnston, 2013, Kelsom and Lu, 2012, Yoshiura et al., 2012, Berkey et al., 2009, Chia et al., 2008, Speicher et al., 2008, Slack et al., 2007, Ceron et al., 2006, Izumi et al., 2006, Slack et al., 2006, Hampoelz et al., 2005, Yamashita et al., 2005, Yu et al., 2002, Huwe et al., 2000)
            fata morgana
            inscrutable
            (Anonymous, 1997)
            inscutable
            (Kraft et al., 2016)
            inscuteable
            (Steinmetz et al., 2023, Hartenstein et al., 2015, Bergstralh et al., 2013, Zhan et al., 2013, Vazquez-Pianzola and Suter, 2012, Furman and Bukharina, 2011, Tio et al., 2011, Zhu and Bhat, 2011, Desroches et al., 2010, Gaziova and Bhat, 2009, Udolph et al., 2009, Tögel et al., 2008, Kankel et al., 2007, Choksi et al., 2006, Wang et al., 2006, Johansson et al., 2005, Rath et al., 2002, Fuerstenberg et al., 1998, Kraut, 1994.12.1)
            not enough muscles
            Secondary FlyBase IDs
            • FBgn0010601
            • FBgn0013468
            • FBgn0015387
            Datasets (0)
            Study focus (0)
            Experimental Role
            Project
            Project Type
            Title
            Study result (0)
            Result
            Result Type
            Title
            External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 50 )
            Sequence Crossreferences
            NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
            GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
            GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
            RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
            UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
            UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            Other crossreferences
            AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
            BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
            DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
            EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
            FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
            FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
            InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
            KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
            MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
            PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
            Linkouts
            BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
            FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
            FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
            Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
            iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
            Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
            MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            References (373)