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Gene Dmel\twin

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\twin	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	twin	Annotation symbol	CG31137
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0011725
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	23 publicly available
Also Known As	CCR4
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3R	Recombination map	3-[81]
Cytogenetic map	95F1-95F2	Sequence location	3R:20,022,615..20,047,687 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene twin is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\twin (CG31137, FBgn0011725). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: protein binding. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: oogenesis; nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening. 31 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: nurse cell ring canal; oocyte; egg chamber; nurse cell. It has 6 annotated transcripts and 6 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: Endonuclease/exonuclease/phosphatase; Leucine rich repeat 4; Leucine-rich repeat; Leucine-rich repeat, typical subtype. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages, in adult male stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: High or moderate levels of expression observed in all larval and adult organs/tissues. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult ovary, adult testis. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, larval/adult central nervous system, adult crop, larval/adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, larval/adult Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval/adult fat body, larval/adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult spermathecae, adult male accessory gland, larval/adult carcass. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1624627_s_at completely aligns to an exonic region common to each of the 6 FlyBase-annotated transcript isoforms of twin. Gene sequence location is 3R:20022615..20047687.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
External Summaries
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 95F1-95F2   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}Syx1A06737&P{PZ}Syx1A10660 and P{PZ}crb07207&P{PZ}BRWD305842
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	3-[81]
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\twin for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.39 Gene model reviewed during 5.46 Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) twin-RA FBtr0084566  NM_170129   2702   552 twin-RB FBtr0084567  NM_170131   2621   545 twin-RC FBtr0084569  NM_170128   2586   567 twin-RD FBtr0084570  NM_170132   2466   358 twin-RE FBtr0084568  NM_170130   3548   552 twin-RF FBtr0084571  NM_176555   2690   552
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein twin-PA   FBpp0083951   63.2   552   6.82     NP_732965   AAF56259 twin-PB   FBpp0083952   62.4   545   6.56     NP_732967   AAF56256 twin-PC   FBpp0083954   65.0   567   7.09     NP_732964   AAN13986 twin-PD   FBpp0083955   41.0   358   5.89     NP_732968   AAN13987 twin-PE   FBpp0083953   63.2   552   6.82     NP_732966   AAF56258 twin-PF   FBpp0083956   63.2   552   6.82     NP_788732   AAO41599
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Leucine rich repeat 4 (IPR025875) Leucine-rich repeat (IPR001611) Leucine-rich repeat, typical subtype (IPR003591) Endonuclease/exonuclease/phosphatase (IPR005135)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA202765   AA202802   AA538818   AA950322   AE014297 AAF56256   AE014297 AAF56258   AE014297 AAF56259   AE014297 AAN13986   AE014297 AAN13987   AE014297 AAO41599   AI109365   AI389169   AI455046   AI515268   AI515603   AI515985   AI516906   AI519642   AI944571   AW942483   AY043267 AAK85705   AY069458 AAL39603   BE978879   BF487438   BF487672   BF488099   BF489647   BF492322   BF494575   BF494676   BF494765   BF500078   BF503798   BF504031   BF504115   BF504475   BG633461   BG640141   BH614837   BH614838   BI165759   BI241349   BI354044   BI354045   BI367592   BI485675   BI580285   BI640592   BT001344 AAN71099   BT010039 AAQ22508   CO176992   CO184428   CO184584   CO186287   CO188982   CO190536   CO264452   CO265016   CO276757   CO287029   CO298743   CO303778   CO306426   CO311368   CO314490   CO314501   CO314866   CO316993   CO319037   CO320805   CO324889   CO330045   CO330315   CZ474261   CZ474904   CZ476984   CZ477436   CZ487962   EC065428   EC066996   EC068610   EC071214   EC072365   EC076313   EC084642   EC090266   EC195710   EC207160   EC210188   EC216282   EC217419   EC218107   EC225831   EC236846   EC248790   EV576726   EV578412   EV589632   EV590111   EV599062
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q8IMX0 Q8IMX1 Q9VCB6 Q7K112 Q8MTZ5
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 1 -- 3   organism   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:maternally deposited embryonic stage 4 -- 6   anlage in statu nascendi   (Fisher et al., 2012) organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) pole cell   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 7 -- 8   organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) pole cell   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 9 -- 10   organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 11 -- 12   organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 13 -- 16   organism | faint & ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage | female   ovary   (Temme et al., 2004) oogenesis stage S10   follicle cell   (Temme et al., 2004) western blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage -- larval stage   organism   (Temme et al., 2004) adult stage | female   ovary   (Temme et al., 2004)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Expression is observed in all cells of the ovary at all stages of oogenesis. (Temme et al., 2004)
Marker for
	ovary
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
CCR4-NOT complex inferred from direct assay (Temme et al., 2010) cytoplasm inferred from direct assay (Temme et al., 2004)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: High or moderate levels of expression observed in all larval and adult organs/tissues. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult ovary, adult testis. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, larval/adult central nervous system, adult crop, larval/adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, larval/adult Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval/adult fat body, larval/adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult spermathecae, adult male accessory gland, larval/adult carcass. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    336.225 Larval Midgut    120 Larval Hindgut    168.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    199 Larval Fat Body    417.1 Larval Salivary Gland    308.1 Larval Trachea    212.45 Larval Carcass    161.225 Adult Head    127.5 Adult Eye    122.35 Adult Brain    328.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    245.3 Adult Crop    229.7 Adult Midgut    101.6 Adult Hindgut    135.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    115.1 Adult Fat Body    166.1 Adult Salivary Gland    169.1 Adult Heart    142.9 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    141.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    140.7 Adult Ovary    865 Adult Testis    1640.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    198.9 Adult Carcass    138 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    336.225 Larval Midgut    120 Larval Hindgut    168.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    199 Larval Fat Body    417.1 Larval Salivary Gland    308.1 Larval Trachea    212.45 Larval Carcass    161.225 Adult Head    127.5 Adult Eye    122.35 Adult Brain    328.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    245.3 Adult Crop    229.7 Adult Midgut    101.6 Adult Hindgut    135.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    115.1 Adult Fat Body    166.1 Adult Salivary Gland    169.1 Adult Heart    142.9 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    141.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    140.7 Adult Ovary  (865) Adult Testis  (1640.9) Adult Male Accessory Gland    198.9 Adult Carcass    138 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    336.225 Larval Midgut    120 Larval Hindgut    168.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    199 Larval Fat Body    417.1 Larval Salivary Gland    308.1 Larval Trachea    212.45 Larval Carcass    161.225 Adult Head    127.5 Adult Eye    122.35 Adult Brain    328.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    245.3 Adult Crop    229.7 Adult Midgut    101.6 Adult Hindgut    135.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    115.1 Adult Fat Body    166.1 Adult Salivary Gland    169.1 Adult Heart    142.9 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    141.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    140.7 Adult Ovary    865 Adult Testis  (1640.9) Adult Male Accessory Gland    198.9 Adult Carcass    138 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    336.225 Larval Midgut    120 Larval Hindgut    168.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    199 Larval Fat Body    417.1 Larval Salivary Gland    308.1 Larval Trachea    212.45 Larval Carcass    161.225 Adult Head    127.5 Adult Eye    122.35 Adult Brain    328.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    245.3 Adult Crop    229.7 Adult Midgut    101.6 Adult Hindgut    135.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    115.1 Adult Fat Body    166.1 Adult Salivary Gland    169.1 Adult Heart    142.9 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    141.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    140.7 Adult Ovary    865 Adult Testis    1640.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    198.9 Adult Carcass    138 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    336.225 Larval Midgut    120 Larval Hindgut    168.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    199 Larval Fat Body    417.1 Larval Salivary Gland    308.1 Larval Trachea    212.45 Larval Carcass    161.225 Adult Head    127.5 Adult Eye    122.35 Adult Brain    328.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    245.3 Adult Crop    229.7 Adult Midgut    101.6 Adult Hindgut    135.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    115.1 Adult Fat Body    166.1 Adult Salivary Gland    169.1 Adult Heart    142.9 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    141.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    140.7 Adult Ovary    865 Adult Testis    1640.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    198.9 Adult Carcass    138 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    336.225 Larval Midgut    120 Larval Hindgut    168.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    199 Larval Fat Body    417.1 Larval Salivary Gland    308.1 Larval Trachea    212.45 Larval Carcass    161.225 Adult Head    127.5 Adult Eye    122.35 Adult Brain    328.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    245.3 Adult Crop    229.7 Adult Midgut    101.6 Adult Hindgut    135.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    115.1 Adult Fat Body    166.1 Adult Salivary Gland    169.1 Adult Heart    142.9 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    141.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    140.7 Adult Ovary  (865) Adult Testis  (1640.9) Adult Male Accessory Gland    198.9 Adult Carcass    138 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    336.225 Larval Midgut    120 Larval Hindgut    168.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    199 Larval Fat Body    417.1 Larval Salivary Gland    308.1 Larval Trachea    212.45 Larval Carcass    161.225 Adult Head    127.5 Adult Eye    122.35 Adult Brain    328.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    245.3 Adult Crop    229.7 Adult Midgut    101.6 Adult Hindgut    135.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    115.1 Adult Fat Body    166.1 Adult Salivary Gland    169.1 Adult Heart    142.9 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    141.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    140.7 Adult Ovary    865 Adult Testis  1640.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    198.9 Adult Carcass    138 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    336.225 Larval Midgut    120 Larval Hindgut    168.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    199 Larval Fat Body    417.1 Larval Salivary Gland    308.1 Larval Trachea    212.45 Larval Carcass    161.225 Adult Head    127.5 Adult Eye    122.35 Adult Brain    328.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    245.3 Adult Crop    229.7 Adult Midgut    101.6 Adult Hindgut    135.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    115.1 Adult Fat Body    166.1 Adult Salivary Gland    169.1 Adult Heart    142.9 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    141.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    140.7 Adult Ovary    865 Adult Testis    1640.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    198.9 Adult Carcass    138 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    127.5   NA  Eye    122.35   NA  Brain    328.9   336.225  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    245.3   NA  Crop    229.7   120  Midgut    101.6   168.1  Hindgut    135.9   199  Malpighian Tubules    115.1   417.1  Fat Body    166.1   308.1  Salivary Gland    169.1   NA  Heart    142.9   212.45  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    141.2   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    140.7   NA  Ovary    865   NA  Testis    1640.9   NA  Male Accessory Gland    198.9   161.225  Carcass    138 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    144 central nervous system, larvae L3    40 central nervous system, pupae P8    23 head, virgin 1-day female    12 head, virgin 4-day female    11 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    11 head, mated 4-day female    9 head, mated 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day male    18 head, mated 4-day male    15 head, mated 20-day male    20 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    23 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    13 digestive system, 1-day adult    9 digestive system, 4-day adult    11 digestive system, 20-day adult    11 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    8 fat body, white prepupae    40 fat body, pupae P8    49 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    22 carcass, 1-day adult    9 carcass, 4-day adult    11 carcass, 20-day adult    13 ovary, virgin 4-day female    94 ovary, mated 4-day female    80 testis, mated 4-day male    307 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    52 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (144) central nervous system, larvae L3  (40) central nervous system, pupae P8    23 head, virgin 1-day female    12 head, virgin 4-day female    11 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    11 head, mated 4-day female    9 head, mated 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day male    18 head, mated 4-day male    15 head, mated 20-day male    20 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    23 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    13 digestive system, 1-day adult    9 digestive system, 4-day adult    11 digestive system, 20-day adult    11 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    8 fat body, white prepupae  (40) fat body, pupae P8  (49) carcass, larvae L3 wandering    22 carcass, 1-day adult    9 carcass, 4-day adult    11 carcass, 20-day adult    13 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (94) ovary, mated 4-day female  (80) testis, mated 4-day male  (307) accessory gland, mated 4-day male  (52) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (144) central nervous system, larvae L3    40 central nervous system, pupae P8    23 head, virgin 1-day female    12 head, virgin 4-day female    11 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    11 head, mated 4-day female    9 head, mated 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day male    18 head, mated 4-day male    15 head, mated 20-day male    20 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    23 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    13 digestive system, 1-day adult    9 digestive system, 4-day adult    11 digestive system, 20-day adult    11 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    8 fat body, white prepupae    40 fat body, pupae P8    49 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    22 carcass, 1-day adult    9 carcass, 4-day adult    11 carcass, 20-day adult    13 ovary, virgin 4-day female    94 ovary, mated 4-day female    80 testis, mated 4-day male  (307) accessory gland, mated 4-day male    52 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    144 central nervous system, larvae L3    40 central nervous system, pupae P8    23 head, virgin 1-day female    12 head, virgin 4-day female    11 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    11 head, mated 4-day female    9 head, mated 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day male    18 head, mated 4-day male    15 head, mated 20-day male    20 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    23 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    13 digestive system, 1-day adult    9 digestive system, 4-day adult    11 digestive system, 20-day adult    11 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    8 fat body, white prepupae    40 fat body, pupae P8    49 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    22 carcass, 1-day adult    9 carcass, 4-day adult    11 carcass, 20-day adult    13 ovary, virgin 4-day female    94 ovary, mated 4-day female    80 testis, mated 4-day male    307 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    52 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    144 central nervous system, larvae L3    40 central nervous system, pupae P8    23 head, virgin 1-day female    12 head, virgin 4-day female    11 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    11 head, mated 4-day female    9 head, mated 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day male    18 head, mated 4-day male    15 head, mated 20-day male    20 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    23 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    13 digestive system, 1-day adult    9 digestive system, 4-day adult    11 digestive system, 20-day adult    11 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    8 fat body, white prepupae    40 fat body, pupae P8    49 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    22 carcass, 1-day adult    9 carcass, 4-day adult    11 carcass, 20-day adult    13 ovary, virgin 4-day female    94 ovary, mated 4-day female    80 testis, mated 4-day male    307 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    52 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (144) central nervous system, larvae L3  (40) central nervous system, pupae P8    23 head, virgin 1-day female    12 head, virgin 4-day female    11 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    11 head, mated 4-day female    9 head, mated 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day male    18 head, mated 4-day male    15 head, mated 20-day male    20 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    23 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    13 digestive system, 1-day adult    9 digestive system, 4-day adult    11 digestive system, 20-day adult    11 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    8 fat body, white prepupae  (40) fat body, pupae P8  (49) carcass, larvae L3 wandering    22 carcass, 1-day adult    9 carcass, 4-day adult    11 carcass, 20-day adult    13 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (94) ovary, mated 4-day female  (80) testis, mated 4-day male  (307) accessory gland, mated 4-day male  (52) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (144) central nervous system, larvae L3    40 central nervous system, pupae P8    23 head, virgin 1-day female    12 head, virgin 4-day female    11 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    11 head, mated 4-day female    9 head, mated 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day male    18 head, mated 4-day male    15 head, mated 20-day male    20 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    23 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    13 digestive system, 1-day adult    9 digestive system, 4-day adult    11 digestive system, 20-day adult    11 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    8 fat body, white prepupae    40 fat body, pupae P8    49 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    22 carcass, 1-day adult    9 carcass, 4-day adult    11 carcass, 20-day adult    13 ovary, virgin 4-day female    94 ovary, mated 4-day female    80 testis, mated 4-day male  (307) accessory gland, mated 4-day male    52 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    144 central nervous system, larvae L3    40 central nervous system, pupae P8    23 head, virgin 1-day female    12 head, virgin 4-day female    11 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    11 head, mated 4-day female    9 head, mated 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day male    18 head, mated 4-day male    15 head, mated 20-day male    20 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    23 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    13 digestive system, 1-day adult    9 digestive system, 4-day adult    11 digestive system, 20-day adult    11 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    8 fat body, white prepupae    40 fat body, pupae P8    49 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    22 carcass, 1-day adult    9 carcass, 4-day adult    11 carcass, 20-day adult    13 ovary, virgin 4-day female    94 ovary, mated 4-day female    80 testis, mated 4-day male    307 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    52 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages, in adult male stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    115 embryo 02-04hr    49 embryo 04-06hr    42 embryo 06-08hr    43 embryo 08-10hr    34 embryo 10-12hr    30 embryo 12-14hr    29 embryo 14-16hr    33 embryo 16-18hr    23 embryo 18-20hr    18 embryo 20-22hr    14 embryo 22-24hr    14 larva L1    16 larva L2    14 larva L3 12hr old    10 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    14 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    29 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    34 white prepupae new    39 white prepupae 12hr    52 white prepupae 24hr    71 pupae 2d postWPP    80 pupae 3d postWPP    65 pupae 4d postWPP    79 adult male 01day    99 adult male 05day    140 adult male 30day    165 adult female 01day    39 adult female 05day    59 adult female 30day    63 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (115) embryo 02-04hr  (49) embryo 04-06hr  (42) embryo 06-08hr  (43) embryo 08-10hr  (34) embryo 10-12hr  (30) embryo 12-14hr  (29) embryo 14-16hr  (33) embryo 16-18hr    23 embryo 18-20hr    18 embryo 20-22hr    14 embryo 22-24hr    14 larva L1    16 larva L2    14 larva L3 12hr old    10 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    14 larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (29) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (34) white prepupae new  (39) white prepupae 12hr  (52) white prepupae 24hr  (71) pupae 2d postWPP  (80) pupae 3d postWPP  (65) pupae 4d postWPP  (79) adult male 01day  (99) adult male 05day  (140) adult male 30day  (165) adult female 01day  (39) adult female 05day  (59) adult female 30day  (63) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (115) embryo 02-04hr    49 embryo 04-06hr    42 embryo 06-08hr    43 embryo 08-10hr    34 embryo 10-12hr    30 embryo 12-14hr    29 embryo 14-16hr    33 embryo 16-18hr    23 embryo 18-20hr    18 embryo 20-22hr    14 embryo 22-24hr    14 larva L1    16 larva L2    14 larva L3 12hr old    10 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    14 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    29 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    34 white prepupae new    39 white prepupae 12hr    52 white prepupae 24hr    71 pupae 2d postWPP    80 pupae 3d postWPP    65 pupae 4d postWPP    79 adult male 01day    99 adult male 05day  (140) adult male 30day  (165) adult female 01day    39 adult female 05day    59 adult female 30day    63 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    115 embryo 02-04hr    49 embryo 04-06hr    42 embryo 06-08hr    43 embryo 08-10hr    34 embryo 10-12hr    30 embryo 12-14hr    29 embryo 14-16hr    33 embryo 16-18hr    23 embryo 18-20hr    18 embryo 20-22hr    14 embryo 22-24hr    14 larva L1    16 larva L2    14 larva L3 12hr old    10 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    14 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    29 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    34 white prepupae new    39 white prepupae 12hr    52 white prepupae 24hr    71 pupae 2d postWPP    80 pupae 3d postWPP    65 pupae 4d postWPP    79 adult male 01day    99 adult male 05day    140 adult male 30day    165 adult female 01day    39 adult female 05day    59 adult female 30day    63 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    115 embryo 02-04hr    49 embryo 04-06hr    42 embryo 06-08hr    43 embryo 08-10hr    34 embryo 10-12hr    30 embryo 12-14hr    29 embryo 14-16hr    33 embryo 16-18hr    23 embryo 18-20hr    18 embryo 20-22hr    14 embryo 22-24hr    14 larva L1    16 larva L2    14 larva L3 12hr old    10 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    14 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    29 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    34 white prepupae new    39 white prepupae 12hr    52 white prepupae 24hr    71 pupae 2d postWPP    80 pupae 3d postWPP    65 pupae 4d postWPP    79 adult male 01day    99 adult male 05day    140 adult male 30day    165 adult female 01day    39 adult female 05day    59 adult female 30day    63 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (115) embryo 02-04hr  (49) embryo 04-06hr  (42) embryo 06-08hr  (43) embryo 08-10hr  (34) embryo 10-12hr  30 embryo 12-14hr  29 embryo 14-16hr  (33) embryo 16-18hr    23 embryo 18-20hr    18 embryo 20-22hr    14 embryo 22-24hr    14 larva L1    16 larva L2    14 larva L3 12hr old    10 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    14 larva L3 puffstage 3-6  29 larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (34) white prepupae new  (39) white prepupae 12hr  (52) white prepupae 24hr  (71) pupae 2d postWPP  (80) pupae 3d postWPP  (65) pupae 4d postWPP  (79) adult male 01day  (99) adult male 05day  (140) adult male 30day  (165) adult female 01day  (39) adult female 05day  (59) adult female 30day  (63) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  115 embryo 02-04hr    49 embryo 04-06hr    42 embryo 06-08hr    43 embryo 08-10hr    34 embryo 10-12hr    30 embryo 12-14hr    29 embryo 14-16hr    33 embryo 16-18hr    23 embryo 18-20hr    18 embryo 20-22hr    14 embryo 22-24hr    14 larva L1    16 larva L2    14 larva L3 12hr old    10 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    14 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    29 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    34 white prepupae new    39 white prepupae 12hr    52 white prepupae 24hr    71 pupae 2d postWPP    80 pupae 3d postWPP    65 pupae 4d postWPP    79 adult male 01day    99 adult male 05day  140 adult male 30day  (165) adult female 01day    39 adult female 05day    59 adult female 30day    63 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    115 embryo 02-04hr    49 embryo 04-06hr    42 embryo 06-08hr    43 embryo 08-10hr    34 embryo 10-12hr    30 embryo 12-14hr    29 embryo 14-16hr    33 embryo 16-18hr    23 embryo 18-20hr    18 embryo 20-22hr    14 embryo 22-24hr    14 larva L1    16 larva L2    14 larva L3 12hr old    10 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    14 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    29 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    34 white prepupae new    39 white prepupae 12hr    52 white prepupae 24hr    71 pupae 2d postWPP    80 pupae 3d postWPP    65 pupae 4d postWPP    79 adult male 01day    99 adult male 05day    140 adult male 30day    165 adult female 01day    39 adult female 05day    59 adult female 30day    63 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    22 Schneider line 2 Sg4    16 embryonic 1182-4H    20 embryonic GM2    19 embryonic Kc167    11 embryonic S1    25 embryonic S3    20 leg disc CME L1    20 wing disc CME-W2    16 wing disc ML-DmD8    18 wing disc ML-DmD9    23 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    18 wing disc ML-DmD21    19 wing disc ML-DmD32    17 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    35 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    13 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    12 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    16 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    18 tumorous blood cells mbn2    17 ovary fGS/OSS    36 ovary OSC    23 ovary OSS    14 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    22 Schneider line 2 Sg4    16 embryonic 1182-4H    20 embryonic GM2    19 embryonic Kc167    11 embryonic S1    25 embryonic S3    20 leg disc CME L1    20 wing disc CME-W2    16 wing disc ML-DmD8    18 wing disc ML-DmD9    23 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    18 wing disc ML-DmD21    19 wing disc ML-DmD32    17 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (35) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    13 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    12 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    16 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    18 tumorous blood cells mbn2    17 ovary fGS/OSS  (36) ovary OSC    23 ovary OSS    14 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    22 Schneider line 2 Sg4    16 embryonic 1182-4H    20 embryonic GM2    19 embryonic Kc167    11 embryonic S1    25 embryonic S3    20 leg disc CME L1    20 wing disc CME-W2    16 wing disc ML-DmD8    18 wing disc ML-DmD9    23 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    18 wing disc ML-DmD21    19 wing disc ML-DmD32    17 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    35 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    13 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    12 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    16 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    18 tumorous blood cells mbn2    17 ovary fGS/OSS    36 ovary OSC    23 ovary OSS    14 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    22 Schneider line 2 Sg4    16 embryonic 1182-4H    20 embryonic GM2    19 embryonic Kc167    11 embryonic S1    25 embryonic S3    20 leg disc CME L1    20 wing disc CME-W2    16 wing disc ML-DmD8    18 wing disc ML-DmD9    23 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    18 wing disc ML-DmD21    19 wing disc ML-DmD32    17 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    35 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    13 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    12 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    16 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    18 tumorous blood cells mbn2    17 ovary fGS/OSS    36 ovary OSC    23 ovary OSS    14 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    22 Schneider line 2 Sg4    16 embryonic 1182-4H    20 embryonic GM2    19 embryonic Kc167    11 embryonic S1    25 embryonic S3    20 leg disc CME L1    20 wing disc CME-W2    16 wing disc ML-DmD8    18 wing disc ML-DmD9    23 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    18 wing disc ML-DmD21    19 wing disc ML-DmD32    17 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    35 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    13 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    12 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    16 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    18 tumorous blood cells mbn2    17 ovary fGS/OSS    36 ovary OSC    23 ovary OSS    14 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    22 Schneider line 2 Sg4    16 embryonic 1182-4H    20 embryonic GM2    19 embryonic Kc167    11 embryonic S1    25 embryonic S3    20 leg disc CME L1    20 wing disc CME-W2    16 wing disc ML-DmD8    18 wing disc ML-DmD9    23 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    18 wing disc ML-DmD21    19 wing disc ML-DmD32    17 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (35) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    13 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    12 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    16 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    18 tumorous blood cells mbn2    17 ovary fGS/OSS  (36) ovary OSC    23 ovary OSS    14 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    22 Schneider line 2 Sg4    16 embryonic 1182-4H    20 embryonic GM2    19 embryonic Kc167    11 embryonic S1    25 embryonic S3    20 leg disc CME L1    20 wing disc CME-W2    16 wing disc ML-DmD8    18 wing disc ML-DmD9    23 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    18 wing disc ML-DmD21    19 wing disc ML-DmD32    17 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    35 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    13 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    12 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    16 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    18 tumorous blood cells mbn2    17 ovary fGS/OSS    36 ovary OSC    23 ovary OSS    14 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    22 Schneider line 2 Sg4    16 embryonic 1182-4H    20 embryonic GM2    19 embryonic Kc167    11 embryonic S1    25 embryonic S3    20 leg disc CME L1    20 wing disc CME-W2    16 wing disc ML-DmD8    18 wing disc ML-DmD9    23 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    18 wing disc ML-DmD21    19 wing disc ML-DmD32    17 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    35 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    13 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    12 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    22 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    16 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    18 tumorous blood cells mbn2    17 ovary fGS/OSS    36 ovary OSC    23 ovary OSS    14 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    50 cold shock, 4-day adult    34 heat shock, 4-day adult    41 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    12 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    39 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    76 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    15 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    45 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    16 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    43 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    95 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    12 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    11 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    70 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    39 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    84 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    81 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    10 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (50) cold shock, 4-day adult  (34) heat shock, 4-day adult  (41) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    12 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (39) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (76) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    15 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (45) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    16 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (43) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (95) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    12 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    11 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (70) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (39) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (84) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (81) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    10 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    50 cold shock, 4-day adult    34 heat shock, 4-day adult    41 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    12 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    39 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    76 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    15 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    45 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    16 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    43 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    95 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    12 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    11 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    70 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    39 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    84 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    81 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    10 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    50 cold shock, 4-day adult    34 heat shock, 4-day adult    41 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    12 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    39 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    76 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    15 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    45 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    16 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    43 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    95 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    12 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    11 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    70 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    39 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    84 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    81 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    10 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    50 cold shock, 4-day adult    34 heat shock, 4-day adult    41 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    12 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    39 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    76 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    15 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    45 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    16 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    43 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    95 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    12 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    11 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    70 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    39 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    84 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    81 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    10 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (50) cold shock, 4-day adult  (34) heat shock, 4-day adult  (41) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    12 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (39) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (76) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    15 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (45) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    16 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (43) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (95) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    12 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    11 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (70) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (39) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (84) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (81) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    10 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    50 cold shock, 4-day adult    34 heat shock, 4-day adult    41 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    12 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    39 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    76 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    15 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    45 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    16 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    43 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    95 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    12 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    11 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    70 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    39 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    84 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    81 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    10 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    50 cold shock, 4-day adult    34 heat shock, 4-day adult    41 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    12 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    39 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    76 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    15 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    45 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    16 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    43 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    95 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    12 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    11 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    70 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    39 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    84 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    81 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    10 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_21 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_02
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • LD39302 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0011725 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG31137-RA FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for twin Stages(s) 4-6 Stages(s) 7-8 Stages(s) 11-12 Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | embryonic stage | maternal effect | partially twinGS8115 twinGS12209 lethal | embryonic stage | maternal effect | partially (with Df(3R)Exel6198) twinGS12209 twinKG00877 viable twinCA06641 twind06069 twinGS8115 twinGS12209 viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 twinGD5054 Sterility Allele female sterile twinry3 twinry5 female sterile (with Df(3R)Exel6198) twinGS8115 female sterile (with twinry5) twinS1 twinS3 female sterile (with twinS1) twinry5 female sterile (with twinS3) twinry5 fertile twind06069 male fertile twinry5 Phenotype manifest in Allele egg chamber twinS3 twinry3 twinry5 twinGS12209 twinGS8115 egg chamber (with Df(3R)crb-F89-4) twinKG00877 twinGS12209 twinGS8115 egg chamber (with twinry3) twinry5 egg chamber (with twinry5) twinry3 embryonic head | maternal effect (with Df(3R)crb-F89-4) twinGS12209 nurse cell twinGS12209 twinGS8115 nurse cell (with Df(3R)crb-F89-4) twinGS12209 twinGS8115 nurse cell | supernumerary twinGS12209 twinGS8115 nurse cell | supernumerary (with Df(3R)crb-F89-4) twinKG00877 twinGS12209 twinGS8115 nurse cell ring canal (with Df(3R)crb-F89-4) twinGS12209 nurse cell ring canal | supernumerary (with twinry3) twinry5 nurse cell ring canal | supernumerary (with twinry5) twinry3 oocyte twinS3 twinry3 twinry5 oocyte (with twinry5) twinS3 oocyte (with twinS3) twinry5 syncytial blastoderm embryo | maternal effect (with Df(3R)Exel6198) twinKG00877
Classical Alleles ( 25 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of twin Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion twind06069 P-element activity 2 -- twinB305 1 -- twind05015 P-element activity 1 -- twind10786 P-element activity 1 -- twinDG04208 P-element activity 1 -- twinDG24102 1 -- twinEY02330 P-element activity 1 -- twinf05399 piggyBac transposase 1 -- twinG9185 P-element activity 1 -- twinGS12209 1 Yes twinGS8115 1 Yes twinKG00877 P-element activity 1 Yes twinMI07336 1 -- twinNP1596 1 -- twinNP5338 1 -- twinS1 ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes twinS3 ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes twinCA06641 P-element activity 0 Yes twinCPTI000371 piggyBac transposase 0 Yes twinCPTI001025 piggyBac transposase 0 Yes twinCPTI002507 piggyBac transposase 0 Yes twind09860 P-element activity 0 -- twinry3 0 Yes twinry5 0 Yes twinunspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 6 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of twin Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion twinGD5054 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes twinHMS00493 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes twinHMS00690 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes twinKK108897 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes twindsRNA.cTa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes twinScer\UAS.P\T.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3R)crb87-4 (Morris et al., 2005) Df(3R)Exel6198 (Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD5054} NA P{KK108897} NA P{TRiP.HMS00493} NA P{TRiP.HMS00690} NA P{UASp-twin.HA} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of mobile activating element P{EP}twinG9185 NA P{EPgy2}twinEY02330 NA P{GSV3}twinGS8115 NA P{GSV6}twinGS12209 NA P{XP}twind05015 NA P{XP}twind06069 NA P{XP}twind09860 NA P{XP}twind10786 NA miscellaneous insertions Mi{MIC}twinMI07336 NA P{3'SUPor-P}twinKG00877b NA P{5'SUPor-P}twinKG00877a NA P{}twinry3 NA P{}twinry5 NA P{PTT-GA}twinCA06641 NA P{wHy}cavDG04208 NA P{wHy}twinDG24102 NA PBac{5HPw+}twinB305 NA PBac{602.P.SVS-1}twinCPTI000371 NA PBac{602.P.SVS-1}twinCPTI001025 NA PBac{681.P.FSVS-1}twinCPTI002507 NA PBac{WH}twinf05399 NA insertion of enhancer trap binary system P{GawB}twinNP1596 No P{GawB}twinNP5338 No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 7 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 5 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
protein binding inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q8SY33 (assigned by UniProtKB) (Braun et al., 2011)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening inferred from mutant phenotype (Morris et al., 2005, Zaessinger et al., 2006) oogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Morris et al., 2005)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
CCR4-NOT complex inferred from direct assay (Temme et al., 2010) cytoplasm inferred from direct assay (Temme et al., 2004)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 4 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay inferred from sequence or structural similarity with Saccharomyces CCR4 (FlyBase, 1992-) regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter inferred from sequence or structural similarity with Saccharomyces CCR4 (FlyBase, 1992-)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
CCR4-NOT complex inferred from sequence or structural similarity with Saccharomyces CCR4 (FlyBase, 1992-) cytoplasm inferred from sequence or structural similarity with Saccharomyces CCR4 (FlyBase, 1992-)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
twin - Arc1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - Arp2 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - B52 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - Bap55 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - Bap60 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - CG10077 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - CG10555 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - CG11107 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - CG11266 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - CG11876 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - CG13472 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - CG1532 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - CG17454 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - CG1785 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - CG18178 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - CG32344 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - CG3335 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - CG3817 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - CG43444 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - CG4612 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - CG5726 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - CG5746 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - CG7878 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - Cdc5 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - Dbp73D anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - Fmr1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - Jupiter anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - NHP2 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - Not1 experimental knowledge based, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Guruharsha et al., 2011, Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - Pop2 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23, Guruharsha et al., 2011) twin - Psi anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - Rbp1-like anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - Rga anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - RpS19b anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - Rsf1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - SC35 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - SF1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - Snr1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - Syp anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - U4-U6-60K anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - Zn72D anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - bgcn anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - brm anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - cathD anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - cpb anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - dalao anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - didum anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - eIF4AIII anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - flw anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - hts anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - l(1)G0020 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - l(2)NC136 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - mor anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - qkr54B anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - qkr58E-3 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - snama anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) twin - vkg anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions twin allele Gene References twinry3 bam (Morris et al., 2005) CycA (Morris et al., 2005) unspecified smg (Semotok et al., 2005)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 67811 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0011725 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0011725 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 42880
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (45) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6MPJ8R Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG651F14, EOG6HDT2S Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6J3VDH, EOG61VHZ1 Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG60001Q, EOG6J6Q60 Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG6B61Z6
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6MPJ8R)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\twin     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD18310     Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA16037 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG651F14, EOG6HDT2S)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL012925   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP004405   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ005352
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6J3VDH, EOG61VHZ1)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\GB48300   Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\GB48298   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG008538   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH11932   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH11931   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP23626   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP23623   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP23628   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO18394   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO18393   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL19014   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL19013   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH24344   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH24339   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB25150   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB25149   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV11564   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV11568   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI004697   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA006317   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM129580   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC000387
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG60001Q, EOG6J6Q60)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\matK   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW012907
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG6B61Z6)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\ccr-4   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_009196gn   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_010973gn   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\zgc:171797   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\cnot6l   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\cnot6   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\cnot6l   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\CNOT6   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\CNOT6L   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Cnot6   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Cnot6l   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Cnot6l   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Cnot6   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\CNOT6   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\CNOT6L
Human Orthologs (2)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\CNOT6     Hsap\CNOT6L
AAA Orthologs (1) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA16037
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 23 )
Bloomington	19229 w1118; P{XP}twind06069 15863 y1 w67c23; P{EPgy2}twinEY02330 32490 y1 sc* v1; P{TRiP.HMS00493}attP2 32901 y1 sc* v1; P{TRiP.HMS00690}attP2 32624 w1118; P{EP}twinG9185 CG17786G9185
Harvard	- P{XP}twind05015 - P{XP}twind06069 - P{XP}twind10786 - PBac{WH}twinf05399
VDRC	v104442 P{KK108897}VIE-260B v13366 w1118 P{GD5054}v13366 v13365 w1118; P{GD5054}v13365
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR29F06 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 81 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	AT23187 LD18435 LD39302
Other clones	DPiM_AT23187 DPiM_LD39302
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	AT03255 AT03393 AT03493 AT05006 AT05307 AT05413 AT05843 AT14880 AT22236 AT22706 AT25754 AT29244 GH08528 GH20274 GM26079 GM26080 LD03044 LD03120 LD06650 LD28845 LD41714 LD47020 LD47492 RE05713 RE38389 RE53387 RE69007 RE74451 SD11102 SD23517
Other clones	29807 31770 38099 103040 117318 117498 118849 174890 191497 191970 bs02b02 bs84a01 CK01.19C.C5 CK01.19C.E5 CK01.49A.G12 CK01.64A.E10 CK01.126A.D12 Dmel_dig_001493_0637_0423 Dmel_dig_014355_0634_1758 Dmel_neb_001090_0431_3703 Dmel_neb_014521_0855_0552 Dmel_neb_014869_0385_1312 EC28077 EC28287 EK018419 EK042660 EK048508 EK052051 EK064650 EK122004 EK139245 EK141238 EK173731 EK195102 EK224312 EK236658 EK236716 EK238120 EK242734 EK251021 EK266538 EK276043 EK288306 EK294423 EK294948 GH27503
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0011725 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 42880
Antibody Information
	polyclonal antibody (Temme et al., 2004)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: CCR4 CG17741 CG5534 (FlyBase, 1996-)
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: CCR4 BEST:GH20274 (Rana, 2004.7.8) Source for merge of: twin CCR4 (Morris et al., 2005)
Additional comments	Annotations CG17741, CG5534 merged as CG31137 in release 3 of the genome annotation. (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003) Source for identity of CCR4 CG17741 CG5534 was sequence comparison (date:020814). (FlyBase, 1996-)
Other Comments
	twin is required for the number and synchrony of cyst divisions during oogenesis and for the oocyte/nurse cell fate decision. (Morris et al., 2005) Mutant flies show a significant lengthening of mRNA poly(A) tails compared to wild type and show a defect in Hsp70 mRNA deadenylation. (Temme et al., 2004)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_170128 NM_170129 NM_170130 NM_170131 NM_170132 NM_176555 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_732964 NP_732965 NP_732966 NP_732967 NP_732968 NP_788732 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA538818 AAF56256 AAF56258 AAF56259 AAK85705 AAL39603 AAN13986 AAN13987 AAN71099 AAO41599 AAQ22508 AI389169 AI519642 AI944571 AW942483 AY043267 AY069458 BF488099 BH614837 BH614838 BT001344 BT010039 CZ474261 CZ474904 CZ476984 CZ477436 CZ487962 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 42880 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • Q7K112 Q8IMX0 Q8IMX1 Q8MTZ5 Q9VCB6
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Leucine rich repeat 4 (IPR025875) Leucine-rich repeat (IPR001611) Leucine-rich repeat, typical subtype (IPR003591) Endonuclease/exonuclease/phosphatase (IPR005135) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • LD39302
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 67811 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0011725 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0011725 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0011725 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0011725 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG31137-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0011725 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 42880 Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /genebrief/twin_ccr4.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 42880 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0011725
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 11 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	BEST:GH20274   CCR4 (Semotok et al., 2005, Myrick et al., 2005.5.16, Rana, 2004.7.8, Dupressoir, 2001.6.29, Seydoux and Braun, 2006, Liebl et al., 2006, Kadyrova et al., 2007, Zekri et al., 2009, Eulalio et al., 2009, Hong et al., 2007, Tadros et al., 2007, Chicoine et al., 2007, Temme et al., 2010, Jäger and Dorner, 2010, Haas et al., 2010, Rouget et al., 2010) ccr4 (Semotok et al., 2005, Morris et al., 2005, Zaessinger et al., 2006, Pesin and Orr-Weaver, 2007, Benoit et al., 2005, Lin et al., 2008) Ccr4 (Temme et al., 2010) CG5534   CG17741 (Levis, 2003.3, ) CG31137 (Temme et al., 2004, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Jäger and Dorner, 2010, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Ellis and Carney, 2011) CT39331 (Hynes and Zhao, 2000) twin (Zaessinger et al., 2006, Buszczak et al., 2007, Hazelett et al., 2012, Chicoine et al., 2007, Lim et al., 2009, Temme et al., 2010, Ellis and Carney, 2011) Twin (Tokusumi et al., 2012) twn
Name Synonym	ccr4 (Pesin and Orr-Weaver, 2007) twin
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0039166 FBgn0039168 FBgn0045815 FBgn0051137
References ( 65 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 65 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 28 ) Supplementary material  ( 7 ) Review  ( 2 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 18 ) Abstract  ( 2 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 4 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 ) Website  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 )
Recent research papers ( 7 )
	Fabian et al., 2012, Mol. Ecol. 21(19): 4748--4769 Genome-wide patterns of latitudinal differentiation among populations of Drosophila melanogaster from North America. [FBrf0219505] Fukaya and Tomari, 2012, Mol. Cell 48(6): 825--836 MicroRNAs Mediate Gene Silencing via Multiple Different Pathways in Drosophila. [FBrf0220346] Hazelett et al., 2012, G3 (Bethesda) 2(7): 789--802 Comparison of Parallel High-Throughput RNA Sequencing Between Knockout of TDP-43 and Its Overexpression Reveals Primarily Nonreciprocal and Nonoverlapping Gene Expression Changes in the Central Nervous System of Drosophila. [FBrf0219102] Tokusumi et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(7): e41604 Gene regulatory networks controlling hematopoietic progenitor niche cell production and differentiation in the Drosophila lymph gland. [FBrf0219204] Braun et al., 2011, Mol. Cell 44(1): 120--133 GW182 proteins directly recruit cytoplasmic deadenylase complexes to miRNA targets. [FBrf0216988] Ellis and Carney, 2011, Genetics 187(1): 157--169 Socially-Responsive Gene Expression in Male Drosophila melanogaster Is Influenced by the Sex of the Interacting Partner. [FBrf0212780] Igreja and Izaurralde, 2011, Genes Dev. 25(18): 1955--1967 CUP promotes deadenylation and inhibits decapping of mRNA targets. [FBrf0216681] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...