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Gene Dmel\Trl

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Trl	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	Trithorax-like	Annotation symbol	CG33261
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0013263
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	28 publicly available
Also Known As	GAGA, GAF, Nc70F
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3L	Recombination map	3-
Cytogenetic map	70F4-70F4	Sequence location	3L:14,741,029..14,754,149 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene Trithorax-like is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\Trl (CG33261, FBgn0013263). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity; protein binding; transcription factor binding; sequence-specific DNA binding; chromatin binding; DNA binding. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: positive regulation of chromatin silencing; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; cellular process; dosage compensation; nuclear division; syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle; imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis; protein oligomerization. 69 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system subdivision; organ system; egg; adult segment; eo support cell; female germline cyst; acellular anatomical structure; multicellular structure; imaginal precursor; external compound sense organ; chromatin. It has 9 annotated transcripts and 9 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: BTB/POZ; BTB/POZ fold; BTB/POZ-like; Zinc finger, C2H2; Zinc finger, C2H2-like; Zinc finger, C2H2-type/integrase, DNA-binding; Zinc finger, GAGA-binding factor. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 00-18 hour embryonic stages. This gene is annotated by FlyBase as a dicistronic gene, meaning that some or all of its transcripts encode two or more polypeptide-coding open reading frames (ORFs) , with each ORF assigned to a different gene. The distribution of RNA-Seq coverage data amongst the different encoded genes cannot be determined. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Two or more Affy2 ProbeSets identify exons of this gene. This is a summary of the tissue expression peaks exhibited in at least one of these ProbeSets. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval/adult central nervous system, adult salivary gland. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, adult thoracico-abdominal ganglion, adult crop, larval/adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, adult Malpighian tubules, adult heart, adult fat body, larval salivary gland, larval trachea, adult female reproductive system, adult male accessory gland, larval/adult carcass. Gene sequence location is 3L:14741029..14754149.
External Summaries
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2011_10	Controlled Vocabulary Terms positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter chromatin binding transcription factor binding References Chopra et al., 2008, Dev. Biol. 317(2): 660--670
FB2012_01	References Vatolina et al., 2011, Genetika, Moscow 47(5): 597--609 Omelina et al., 2011, Comput. Biol. Chem. 35(6): 363--370 Carreira et al., 2011, BMC Dev. Biol. 11: 32 Vatolina et al., 2011, Russ. J. Genet. 47(5): 521--532 Huen and Russell, 2010, BMC Bioinformatics 11: 359 Guertin and Lis, 2010, PLoS Genet. 6(9): Controlled Vocabulary Terms positive regulation of chromatin silencing sequence-specific DNA binding
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 70F4-70F4
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 70E-70F     (Soeller, 1993) 70F-70F     (Perelygina, 1991.5.24) 70F1-70F2     (Katokhin, 1998.3.17) 70E-70F     (Benyajati, 1994.10.28) 70F1-70F4   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Spradling et al., 1999) 70F-70F   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Sekelsky et al., 1999) 70F1-70F2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Farkas et al., 1994) 70F1-70F4     (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999) 70E-70F   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Dorn et al., 1993) 70F-70F   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Kokoza et al., 1991)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	3- (Dorn et al., 1993)
Left of (cM)	th (Brumby et al., 2004)
Right of (cM)	rho (Brumby et al., 2004)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Trl for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene merge based on EST data gene_with_dicistronic_mRNA ; SO:0000722
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) Trl-RA FBtr0075705  NM_206358   3377   582 Trl-RB FBtr0075707  NM_206356   4438   519 Trl-RC FBtr0075708  NM_206355   1974   519 Trl-RD FBtr0075706  NM_206357   4012   519 Trl-RE FBtr0075704  NM_206359   2153   519 Trl-RF FBtr0075703  NM_206360   2613   582 Trl-RG FBtr0100443  NM_001038924   1845   476 Trl-RH FBtr0100444  NM_001038925   1908   519 Trl-RI FBtr0100445  NM_001038926   3803   567
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein Trl-PA   FBpp0089417   62.6   582   8.68     NP_996080   AAF49709 Trl-PB   FBpp0089419   54.8   519   8.13     NP_996078   AAF49710 Trl-PC   FBpp0089411   54.8   519   8.13     NP_996077   AAN11799 Trl-PD   FBpp0089418   54.8   519   8.13     NP_996079   AAF49711 Trl-PE   FBpp0089416   54.8   519   8.13     NP_996081   AAN11800 Trl-PF   FBpp0089415   62.6   582   8.68     NP_996082   AAS65007 Trl-PG   FBpp0099864   50.1   476   8.80     NP_001034013   ABC66144 Trl-PH   FBpp0099866   54.8   519   8.13     NP_001034014   ABC66145 Trl-PI   FBpp0099867   60.4   567   9.55     NP_001034015   ABC66143
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	120 (kD) (Benyajati et al., 1992)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • BTB/POZ fold (IPR011333) Zinc finger, C2H2-type/integrase, DNA-binding (IPR013087) Zinc finger, C2H2-like (IPR015880) BTB/POZ-like (IPR000210) Zinc finger, C2H2 (IPR007087) BTB/POZ (IPR013069) Zinc finger, GAGA-binding factor (IPR015318) PDB - Protein Data Bank. An information portal to biological macromolecular structures • 1YUI 1YUJ
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA263731   AA264163   AA264481   AA391468   AA391921   AA391963   AA433257   AA439375   AA439833   AA441047   AA539166   AA539883   AA539920   AA540635   AA541000   AA567145   AA694963   AA804115   AA950249   AA978387   AA978480   AA990822   AE014296 AAF49709   AE014296 AAF49710   AE014296 AAF49711   AE014296 AAN11799   AE014296 AAN11800   AE014296 AAS65007   AE014296 ABC66143   AE014296 ABC66144   AE014296 ABC66145   AI405143   AI406178   AI515833   AI516183   AI517771   AI533421   AJ225042 CAA12383   AJ225042 CAB86986   AJ441087 CAD29581   AJ459425 CAD30828   AJ459426 CAD30829   AQ026386   AQ073055   AQ073801   AQ073806   AW943589   AY069651 AAL39796   BF494869   BF494881   BF497103   BF501513   BG639011   BI164904   BI166164   BI166809   BI170732   BI170936   BI172407   BI212634   BI213399   BI214112   BI215619   BI228339   BI228457   BI228520   BI229398   BI237152   BI237153   BI238166   BI238693   BI239029   BI351844   BI353797   BI354616   BI357668   BI358099   BI361625   BI364895   BI367380   BI368571   BI368643   BI369766   BI369830   BI370042   BI370809   BI371918   BI373469   BI481845   BI481916   BI482022   BI565309   BI567571   BI567816   BI575716   BI575732   BI585675   BI604914   BI608210   BI608884   BI610937   BI611117   BI612181   BI615874   BI615959   BI624499   BP550438   BT003649 AAO39653   BT082098   CK135425   CO153190   CO153863   CO186886   CO190463   CO196529   CO263525   CO265376   CO269082   CO270565   CO272539   CO274814   CO279070   CO281508   CO284351   CO290887   CO290890   CO297428   CO312331   CO312548   CO312591   CO313056   CO316180   CO319682   CO321806   CO324762   CO330789   CO336487   CO337729   CO339699   CO341776   CZ473239   CZ473295   CZ479083   CZ481867   CZ485992   CZ485993   CZ489540   EC053265   EC065012   EC070846   EC070847   EC083291   EC087897   EC195106   EC195790   EC196468   EC198198   EC198842   EC202566   EC202854   EC204250   EC209766   EC210776   EC211681   EC215852   EC217801   EC219868   EC222745   EC224921   EC229927   EC236883   EC240235   EC243100   EC244532   EC256453   EC256461   EC258350   EC260836   EC262345   EC262476   EC262746   EW712717   GH959648   GH967997   L22205 AAA16072   U16728 AAB81112   U18386 AAB81113   U68563 AAB81117   X59784 CAA42446
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	Q08605
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q8MYL2 A4V1Y7 A4V1Y6 Q2PDY1 Q2PDY2
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References protein binding site FBsf0000160741 3L:14,751,281..14,751,292 bound_moiety=Trl-XP evidence=experimental (Kosoy et al., 2002, Bergman et al., 2004) protein binding site FBsf0000160742 3L:14,750,506..14,750,526 bound_moiety=Trl-XP evidence=experimental (Kosoy et al., 2002, Bergman et al., 2004) protein binding site FBsf0000160743 3L:14,750,852..14,750,859 bound_moiety=Trl-XP evidence=experimental (Kosoy et al., 2002, Bergman et al., 2004) protein binding site FBsf0000160744 3L:14,750,256..14,750,274 bound_moiety=Trl-XP evidence=experimental (Kosoy et al., 2002, Bergman et al., 2004) protein binding site FBsf0000160745 3L:14,750,818..14,750,827 bound_moiety=Trl-XP evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2004, Kosoy et al., 2002) protein binding site FBsf0000160746 3L:14,750,477..14,750,498 bound_moiety=Trl-XP evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2004, Kosoy et al., 2002) protein binding site FBsf0000160747 3L:14,750,310..14,750,317 evidence=experimental bound_moiety=Trl-XP (Kosoy et al., 2002, Bergman et al., 2004) protein binding site FBsf0000160748 3L:14,751,081..14,751,098 bound_moiety=Trl-XP evidence=experimental (Kosoy et al., 2002, Bergman et al., 2004) protein binding site FBsf0000160749 3L:14,750,452..14,750,465 bound_moiety=Trl-XP evidence=experimental (Kosoy et al., 2002, Bergman et al., 2004) protein binding site FBsf0000160750 3L:14,750,791..14,750,802 bound_moiety=Trl-XP evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2004, Kosoy et al., 2002) protein binding site FBsf0000160751 3L:14,750,725..14,750,738 bound_moiety=Trl-XP evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2004, Kosoy et al., 2002) protein binding site FBsf0000160752 3L:14,750,351..14,750,357 bound_moiety=Trl-XP evidence=experimental (Kosoy et al., 2002, Bergman et al., 2004) protein binding site FBsf0000160753 3L:14,750,423..14,750,430 bound_moiety=Trl-XP evidence=experimental (Kosoy et al., 2002, Bergman et al., 2004) protein binding site FBsf0000160754 3L:14,751,051..14,751,072 bound_moiety=Trl-XP evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2004, Kosoy et al., 2002) protein binding site FBsf0000160755 3L:14,751,547..14,751,559 bound_moiety=Trl-XP evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2004, Kosoy et al., 2002) protein binding site FBsf0000160756 3L:14,751,242..14,751,254 bound_moiety=Trl-XP evidence=experimental (Kosoy et al., 2002, Bergman et al., 2004) protein binding site FBsf0000160757 3L:14,751,310..14,751,330 bound_moiety=Trl-XP evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2004, Kosoy et al., 2002) protein binding site FBsf0000159793 3L:14,751,127..14,751,142 bound_moiety=Trl-XP evidence=experimental (Kosoy et al., 2002, Bergman et al., 2004) protein binding site FBsf0000159794 3L:14,750,687..14,750,702 bound_moiety=Trl-XP evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2004, Kosoy et al., 2002) protein binding site FBsf0000159795 3L:14,751,217..14,751,231 bound_moiety=Trl-XP evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2004, Kosoy et al., 2002) protein binding site FBsf0000159796 3L:14,750,878..14,750,892 bound_moiety=Trl-XP evidence=experimental (Kosoy et al., 2002, Bergman et al., 2004) protein binding site FBsf0000159797 3L:14,750,540..14,750,557 bound_moiety=Trl-XP evidence=experimental (Kosoy et al., 2002, Bergman et al., 2004) protein binding site FBsf0000159798 3L:14,751,630..14,751,638 bound_moiety=Trl-XP evidence=experimental (Bergman et al., 2004, Kosoy et al., 2002) protein binding site FBsf0000159799 3L:14,750,381..14,750,400 bound_moiety=Trl-XP evidence=experimental (Kosoy et al., 2002, Bergman et al., 2004) protein binding site FBsf0000159800 3L:14,751,263..14,751,275 bound_moiety=Trl-XP evidence=experimental (Kosoy et al., 2002, Bergman et al., 2004) protein binding site FBsf0000159801 3L:14,750,985..14,750,999 bound_moiety=Trl-XP evidence=experimental (Kosoy et al., 2002, Bergman et al., 2004) protein binding site FBsf0000159802 3L:14,750,933..14,750,951 bound_moiety=Trl-XP evidence=experimental (Kosoy et al., 2002, Bergman et al., 2004)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0013263    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0013263 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 00-18 hour embryonic stages. This gene is annotated by FlyBase as a dicistronic gene, meaning that some or all of its transcripts encode two or more polypeptide-coding open reading frames (ORFs) , with each ORF assigned to a different gene. The distribution of RNA-Seq coverage data amongst the different encoded genes cannot be determined. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0013263 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2464 embryo 02-04hr    4438 embryo 04-06hr    3845 embryo 06-08hr    6423 embryo 08-10hr    5301 embryo 10-12hr    6140 embryo 12-14hr    5238 embryo 14-16hr    4347 embryo 16-18hr    3088 embryo 18-20hr    2601 embryo 20-22hr    2162 embryo 22-24hr    1803 larva L1    1251 larva L2    1401 larva L3 12hr old    1006 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1059 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1854 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1882 white prepupae new    1931 white prepupae 12hr    2021 white prepupae 24hr    3026 pupae 2d postWPP    2083 pupae 3d postWPP    1573 pupae 4d postWPP    1279 adult male 01day    1351 adult male 05day    1548 adult male 30day    1773 adult female 01day    1786 adult female 05day    1615 adult female 30day    1703 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (2464) embryo 02-04hr  (4438) embryo 04-06hr  (3845) embryo 06-08hr  (6423) embryo 08-10hr  (5301) embryo 10-12hr  (6140) embryo 12-14hr  (5238) embryo 14-16hr  (4347) embryo 16-18hr  (3088) embryo 18-20hr  (2601) embryo 20-22hr  (2162) embryo 22-24hr  (1803) larva L1  (1251) larva L2  (1401) larva L3 12hr old  (1006) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (1059) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (1854) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (1882) white prepupae new  (1931) white prepupae 12hr  (2021) white prepupae 24hr  (3026) pupae 2d postWPP  (2083) pupae 3d postWPP  (1573) pupae 4d postWPP  (1279) adult male 01day  (1351) adult male 05day  (1548) adult male 30day  (1773) adult female 01day  (1786) adult female 05day  (1615) adult female 30day  (1703) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (2464) embryo 02-04hr  (4438) embryo 04-06hr  (3845) embryo 06-08hr  (6423) embryo 08-10hr  (5301) embryo 10-12hr  (6140) embryo 12-14hr  (5238) embryo 14-16hr  (4347) embryo 16-18hr  (3088) embryo 18-20hr  (2601) embryo 20-22hr  (2162) embryo 22-24hr  (1803) larva L1    1251 larva L2  1401 larva L3 12hr old    1006 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1059 larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (1854) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (1882) white prepupae new  (1931) white prepupae 12hr  (2021) white prepupae 24hr  (3026) pupae 2d postWPP  (2083) pupae 3d postWPP  (1573) pupae 4d postWPP    1279 adult male 01day    1351 adult male 05day  (1548) adult male 30day  (1773) adult female 01day  (1786) adult female 05day  (1615) adult female 30day  (1703) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2464 embryo 02-04hr    4438 embryo 04-06hr    3845 embryo 06-08hr    6423 embryo 08-10hr    5301 embryo 10-12hr    6140 embryo 12-14hr    5238 embryo 14-16hr    4347 embryo 16-18hr    3088 embryo 18-20hr    2601 embryo 20-22hr    2162 embryo 22-24hr    1803 larva L1    1251 larva L2    1401 larva L3 12hr old    1006 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1059 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1854 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1882 white prepupae new    1931 white prepupae 12hr    2021 white prepupae 24hr    3026 pupae 2d postWPP    2083 pupae 3d postWPP    1573 pupae 4d postWPP    1279 adult male 01day    1351 adult male 05day    1548 adult male 30day    1773 adult female 01day    1786 adult female 05day    1615 adult female 30day    1703 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2464 embryo 02-04hr    4438 embryo 04-06hr    3845 embryo 06-08hr    6423 embryo 08-10hr    5301 embryo 10-12hr    6140 embryo 12-14hr    5238 embryo 14-16hr    4347 embryo 16-18hr    3088 embryo 18-20hr    2601 embryo 20-22hr    2162 embryo 22-24hr    1803 larva L1    1251 larva L2    1401 larva L3 12hr old    1006 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1059 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1854 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1882 white prepupae new    1931 white prepupae 12hr    2021 white prepupae 24hr    3026 pupae 2d postWPP    2083 pupae 3d postWPP    1573 pupae 4d postWPP    1279 adult male 01day    1351 adult male 05day    1548 adult male 30day    1773 adult female 01day    1786 adult female 05day    1615 adult female 30day    1703 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0013263 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2464 embryo 02-04hr    4438 embryo 04-06hr    3845 embryo 06-08hr    6423 embryo 08-10hr    5301 embryo 10-12hr    6140 embryo 12-14hr    5238 embryo 14-16hr    4347 embryo 16-18hr    3088 embryo 18-20hr    2601 embryo 20-22hr    2162 embryo 22-24hr    1803 larva L1    1251 larva L2    1401 larva L3 12hr old    1006 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1059 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1854 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1882 white prepupae new    1931 white prepupae 12hr    2021 white prepupae 24hr    3026 pupae 2d postWPP    2083 pupae 3d postWPP    1573 pupae 4d postWPP    1279 adult male 01day    1351 adult male 05day    1548 adult male 30day    1773 adult female 01day    1786 adult female 05day    1615 adult female 30day    1703 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (2464) embryo 02-04hr  (4438) embryo 04-06hr  (3845) embryo 06-08hr  (6423) embryo 08-10hr  (5301) embryo 10-12hr  (6140) embryo 12-14hr  (5238) embryo 14-16hr  (4347) embryo 16-18hr  (3088) embryo 18-20hr  (2601) embryo 20-22hr  (2162) embryo 22-24hr  (1803) larva L1  (1251) larva L2  (1401) larva L3 12hr old  (1006) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (1059) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (1854) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (1882) white prepupae new  (1931) white prepupae 12hr  (2021) white prepupae 24hr  (3026) pupae 2d postWPP  (2083) pupae 3d postWPP  (1573) pupae 4d postWPP  (1279) adult male 01day  (1351) adult male 05day  (1548) adult male 30day  (1773) adult female 01day  (1786) adult female 05day  (1615) adult female 30day  (1703) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  2464 embryo 02-04hr  (4438) embryo 04-06hr  (3845) embryo 06-08hr  (6423) embryo 08-10hr  (5301) embryo 10-12hr  (6140) embryo 12-14hr  (5238) embryo 14-16hr  (4347) embryo 16-18hr  (3088) embryo 18-20hr  (2601) embryo 20-22hr  2162 embryo 22-24hr  1803 larva L1    1251 larva L2  1401 larva L3 12hr old    1006 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1059 larva L3 puffstage 3-6  1854 larva L3 puffstage 7-9  1882 white prepupae new  1931 white prepupae 12hr  2021 white prepupae 24hr  (3026) pupae 2d postWPP  2083 pupae 3d postWPP  1573 pupae 4d postWPP    1279 adult male 01day    1351 adult male 05day  1548 adult male 30day  1773 adult female 01day  1786 adult female 05day  1615 adult female 30day  1703 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2464 embryo 02-04hr    4438 embryo 04-06hr    3845 embryo 06-08hr    6423 embryo 08-10hr    5301 embryo 10-12hr    6140 embryo 12-14hr    5238 embryo 14-16hr    4347 embryo 16-18hr    3088 embryo 18-20hr    2601 embryo 20-22hr    2162 embryo 22-24hr    1803 larva L1    1251 larva L2    1401 larva L3 12hr old    1006 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1059 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1854 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1882 white prepupae new    1931 white prepupae 12hr    2021 white prepupae 24hr    3026 pupae 2d postWPP    2083 pupae 3d postWPP    1573 pupae 4d postWPP    1279 adult male 01day    1351 adult male 05day    1548 adult male 30day    1773 adult female 01day    1786 adult female 05day    1615 adult female 30day    1703 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2464 embryo 02-04hr    4438 embryo 04-06hr    3845 embryo 06-08hr    6423 embryo 08-10hr    5301 embryo 10-12hr    6140 embryo 12-14hr    5238 embryo 14-16hr    4347 embryo 16-18hr    3088 embryo 18-20hr    2601 embryo 20-22hr    2162 embryo 22-24hr    1803 larva L1    1251 larva L2    1401 larva L3 12hr old    1006 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1059 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1854 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1882 white prepupae new    1931 white prepupae 12hr    2021 white prepupae 24hr    3026 pupae 2d postWPP    2083 pupae 3d postWPP    1573 pupae 4d postWPP    1279 adult male 01day    1351 adult male 05day    1548 adult male 30day    1773 adult female 01day    1786 adult female 05day    1615 adult female 30day    1703 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data for FBgn0013263    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales max expr for FBgn0013263 Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Two or more Affy2 ProbeSets identify exons of this gene. This is a summary of the tissue expression peaks exhibited in at least one of these ProbeSets. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval/adult central nervous system, adult salivary gland. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, adult thoracico-abdominal ganglion, adult crop, larval/adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, adult Malpighian tubules, adult heart, adult fat body, larval salivary gland, larval trachea, adult female reproductive system, adult male accessory gland, larval/adult carcass. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (1000 - 25000) Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System no informative data Larval Midgut no informative data Larval Hindgut no informative data Larval Malpighian Tubules no informative data Larval Fat Body no informative data Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea no informative data Larval Carcass no informative data Adult Head no informative data Adult Eye no informative data Adult Brain no informative data Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion no informative data Adult Crop no informative data Adult Midgut no informative data Adult Hindgut no informative data Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body no informative data Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart no informative data Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca no informative data Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca no informative data Adult Ovary no informative data Adult Testis no informative data Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass no informative data modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_31
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0013263 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG9343-RB;CG9343-RE;CG13470-RA;CG9343-RA FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for Trl Stages(s) 1-3 Stages(s) 4-6 Stages(s) 11-12 Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | germline clone TrlR85 lethal | larval stage TrlR85 lethal | larval stage | recessive Trl62 TrlR67 TrlR85 Trls2325 lethal | male (with Trl2.3) Trl13C lethal | male (with Trl13C) Trl2.3 Trl62 lethal | male (with Trl62) Trl13C lethal | maternal effect | recessive Trl13C lethal | recessive Trl13C Trl62 TrlR67 TrlR85 Trls2325 lethal | recessive, with Scer\GAL4[-]: TrlEP3609 semi-lethal | recessive Trl65S19 viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 TrlGD4500 viable | female | reduced (with Trl2.3) Trl13C viable | female | reduced (with Trl13C) Trl2.3 Trl62 viable | female | reduced (with Trl62) Trl13C viable | recessive | reduced Trl13C Sterility Allele female sterile Trl13C Other Phenotypes Allele enhancer of variegation Trl62 enhancer of variegation, with In(1)wm4 Trl13C Trl62 enhancer of variegation, with In(2R)bwVDe2 Trl13C Trl62 enhancer of variegation | dominant, with In(1)wm4 Trl13C enhancer of variegation | dominant, with In(1)wm4h Trl62 enhancer of variegation | dominant, with T(2;3)ltX13 TrlR85 meiotic cell cycle defective TrlP24 non-suppressor of variegation, with In(1)wm4 Trlhs.PG non-suppressor of variegation, with In(2LR)ltG10 TrlR85 non-suppressor of variegation | dominant, with In(2L)ltX2 TrlR85 visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 TrlGD4500 visible | dominant Trls2325 visible | homeotic Trl62 Phenotype manifest in Allele abdominal segment 6 Trl13C chromatin Trl13C Trls2325 chromatin, with Scer\GAL4[-]: TrlEP3184 denticle belt TrlR85 egg TrlR85 egg chamber Trl13C Trls2325 egg chamber, with Scer\GAL4[-]: TrlEP3184 embryo | anterior TrlR85 eye Trl13C eye | somatic clone TrlR85 imaginal disc (with Trl13C) TrlR85 imaginal disc (with TrlR85) Trl13C macrochaeta | somatic clone TrlR85 maxillary palpus | somatic clone TrlR85 mesothoracic tergum | somatic clone TrlR85 microchaeta & abdominal segment 6 | ectopic Trl13C microchaeta | somatic clone TrlR85 micropyle TrlR85 mitosis & nuclear chromosome Trl13C Trls2325 mitosis & nuclear chromosome, with Scer\GAL4[-]: TrlEP3184 proboscis | somatic clone TrlR85 sex comb Trl13C sex comb | somatic clone TrlR85 trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 TrlGD4500 wing Trls2325 wing | somatic clone TrlR85
Classical Alleles ( 44 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of Trl Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion Trls2325 P-element activity 2 -- Trl5-HA-1677 1 -- Trl5-HA-2752 1 -- TrlCB-0754-3 1 -- TrlCB-5801-3 1 -- TrlCB-6268-3 1 -- TrlCB-6384-3 1 -- Trld00003 1 -- Trld00183 1 -- Trld03211 P-element activity 1 -- Trld07877 1 -- TrlDG30805 P-element activity 1 -- Trle01277 piggyBac transposase 1 -- Trle01739 1 -- Trle04110 piggyBac transposase 1 -- TrlEY04024 1 -- Trlf03426 piggyBac transposase 1 -- Trlf06811 piggyBac transposase 1 -- TrlKG02898 1 -- TrlMI02741 1 -- TrlNP0971 1 -- TrlNP1304 1 -- TrlNP3173 1 -- TrlUM-8296-3 1 -- TrlR85 amorphic allele - genetic evidence, hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence P-element activity 0 Yes Trl13C hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence P-element activity 0 Yes Trl2.3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Trl3 0 -- Trl5-SZ-3303 0 -- Trl62 Delta2-3 0 Yes Trl65S19 X ray ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- Trld03332 P-element activity 0 -- Trld06771 0 -- Trld08327 0 -- Trld10681 0 -- Trle01757 0 -- TrlEP3184 P-element activity 0 Yes TrlEP3191 P-element activity 0 -- TrlEP3609 P-element activity 0 -- TrlNP4696 0 -- TrlP24 Delta2-3 0 Yes TrlR4 0 Yes TrlR67 P-element activity 0 Yes Trlunspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 25 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of Trl Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion TrlGD4500 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes TrlGD8028 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes TrlKK112776 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes Trl519.Act5C in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes Trl519.H361P.Act5C in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes Trl519.MtnA in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes Trl519.ΔPOZ.Act5C.T:Zzzz\His6 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes Trl519.ΔPOZ.Act5C in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes Trl581.Act5C in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes Trl581.MtnA in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes Trl718.cKa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes Trla.718.cKa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes TrlAct5C.D35N.G93S in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes TrlAct5C.D35N in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes TrlAct5C.PS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes TrlBD-Q.Act5C.T:Scer\GAL4 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes Trlhs.C.T:Ecol\dam,T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes Trlhs.N.T:Ecol\dam,T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes Trlhs.PG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes Trlhs.T:Ecol\lexA in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes TrlHsp83.PG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes TrlHsp83.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes TrlPOZ.Q.Act5C in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes TrlΔQ.Act5C.T:Hsim\VP16 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes TrlΔQ.Act5C in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3L)fz-M21 (Spradling et al., 1999, Brumby et al., 2004, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Farkas et al., 1994)
Duplicated in	Ts(YSt;3Lt)ST1 (Kennison, 1999.12.20)
Not disrupted in	Df(3L)00732 (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999) Df(3L)BK10 (Brumby et al., 2004) Df(3L)fz-GF3b (Brumby et al., 2004)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD4500} NA P{GD8028} NA P{KK112776} NA heat-shock construct P{Hsp83-GAGA.FLAG} NA P{Hsp83-Trl.G} NA P{hs-Trl.G} NA P{hs-Trl.LexA} NA characterization construct P{Adh-LUC.GAGA.Adf1} NA P{Adh-LUC.GAGA} NA P{UAS-ttk.69.GAGAΔN116} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of mobile activating element P{EP}TrlEP3184 NA P{EP}TrlEP3191 NA P{EP}TrlEP3609 NA P{EPgy2}TrlEY04024 NA P{GSV1}GSd439a NA P{Mae-UAS.6.11}B0968B0968 NA P{XP}Trld00003 NA P{XP}Trld00183 NA P{XP}Trld03211 NA P{XP}Trld03332 NA P{XP}Trld06771 NA P{XP}Trld07877 NA P{XP}Trld08327 NA P{XP}Trld10681 NA insertion of enhancer trap P{lacW}TrlP24 No P{lacW}Trls2325 No miscellaneous insertions Mi{MIC}TrlMI02741 NA P{bluetail}Trl13C NA P{hsneo.ry+}Trl62 NA P{RS3}TrlCB-0754-3 NA P{RS3}TrlCB-5801-3 NA P{RS3}TrlCB-6268-3 NA P{RS3}TrlCB-6384-3 NA P{RS3}TrlUM-8296-3 NA P{RS5}Trl5-HA-1677 NA P{RS5}Trl5-HA-2752 NA P{RS5}Trl5-SZ-3303 NA P{SUPor-P}TrlKG02898 NA P{wHy}TrlDG30805 NA PBac{RB}Trle01277 NA PBac{RB}Trle01739 NA PBac{RB}Trle01757 NA PBac{RB}Trle04110 NA PBac{WH}Trlf03426 NA PBac{WH}Trlf06811 NA insertion of enhancer trap binary system P{GawB}TrlNP0971 No P{GawB}TrlNP1304 No P{GawB}TrlNP3173 No P{GawB}TrlNP4696 No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 22 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 16 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
chromatin binding inferred from direct assay (Chopra et al., 2008) DNA binding inferred from direct assay (assigned by UniProtKB) (van Steensel et al., 2003) protein binding inferred from physical interaction with Ssrp (Shimojima et al., 2003) inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:P17789 (assigned by UniProtKB) (Pagans et al., 2002) inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:P41046 (assigned by UniProtKB) (Salvaing et al., 2003) sequence-specific DNA binding inferred from direct assay (Mulholland et al., 2003) sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity inferred from mutant phenotype (Read et al., 2000) transcription factor binding inferred from physical interaction with bip2 (Chopra et al., 2008)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
cellular process inferred from mutant phenotype (Boutros et al., 2004) dosage compensation inferred from mutant phenotype (Greenberg et al., 2004) imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Dworkin and Gibson, 2006) nuclear division inferred from mutant phenotype (Bhat et al., 1996) positive regulation of chromatin silencing inferred from direct assay (Mulholland et al., 2003) positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter inferred from genetic interaction with bip2 (Chopra et al., 2008) inferred from mutant phenotype (Chopra et al., 2008) protein oligomerization inferred from direct assay (assigned by UniProtKB) (Espinas et al., 1999) syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle inferred from mutant phenotype (Bhat et al., 1996)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
centromeric heterochromatin inferred from direct assay AND traceable author statement (Read et al., 2000) nucleus inferred from direct assay (Bhat et al., 1996, Read et al., 2000, Mulholland et al., 2003, Chopra et al., 2008)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 9 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
DNA binding non-traceable author statement (Perelygina, 1991.5.24) sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity non-traceable author statement (Soeller, 1993) zinc ion binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR007087, InterPro:IPR015880 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
chromatin organization non-traceable author statement (Read et al., 2000) positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent traceable author statement (Lehmann, 2004) regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent non-traceable author statement (Soeller, 1993) regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1995.2.1)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
chromatin non-traceable author statement (Read et al., 2000) nucleus non-traceable author statement (Soeller, 1993, Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1995.2.1)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	gene_with_dicistronic_mRNA (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2008) nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions Trl allele Gene References Trl2.3 msl-2 (Greenberg et al., 2004) Trl13C corto (Lopez et al., 2001) CycE (Brumby et al., 2002) msl-2 (Greenberg et al., 2004) Pc (Strutt et al., 1997) Ubx (Farkas et al., 1994, Laney and Biggin, 1996, Shimojima et al., 2003) w (Cavalli and Paro, 1998, Mishra et al., 2001) z (Laney and Biggin, 1996) Trl62 CycE (Brumby et al., 2002) mod(mdg4) (Gerasimova and Corces, 1998) msl-2 (Greenberg et al., 2004) Pc (Strutt et al., 1997) sev (Maixner et al., 1998) w (Cavalli, 1999) Trl65S19 CycE (Brumby et al., 2004) TrlR67 CycE (Brumby et al., 2002) TrlR85 ash1 (Gildea et al., 2000) brm (Gildea et al., 2000) corto (Lopez et al., 2001) CycE (Brumby et al., 2002) E(z) (Bajusz et al., 2001) Pc (Busturia et al., 2001) pho (Busturia et al., 2001) trx (Gildea et al., 2000) Ubx (Schwendemann and Lehmann, 2002) unspecified Bin1 (Espinas et al., 2000) dre4 (Shimojima et al., 2003) Fab-7 (Cavalli and Paro, 1998, Cavalli, 1999) iab-7PRE (Mishra et al., 2001) lolal (Faucheux et al., 2003) Ubx (Faucheux et al., 2003)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 77830 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0013263 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0013263 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 2768981
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF25184 Dere\GG13712 Dgri\GH16792 Dmoj\GI13806 Dpse\GA23656 Dsec\GM24533 Dsim\GD12604 Dvir\Trl Dwil\GK10585 Dyak\GE20006
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dmau\Trl   Dsim\Trl   Dvir\Trl (Lintermann et al., 1998)
Linkouts	InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL000970-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP011583-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) 125224 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) ENSCINP00000022638 Ciona intestinalis (sea squirt) CPIJ001236 Culex pipens (mosquito) ENSP00000292431 Homo sapiens (human) ENSMODP00000014555 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMODP00000021863 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMMUP00000023621 Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) XP_001602631.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) ENSOANP00000010911 Ornithorynchus anatinus (platypus) ENSPPYP00000010787 Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan) ENSPTRP00000018020 Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) ENSXETP00000001609 Xenopus tropicalis (frog) OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • NV15260 LH12435 FBgn0237331 FBgn0212600 FBgn0025647 FBgn0184331 FBgn0179396 FBgn0245056 FBgn0136560 FBgn0124263 FBgn0105975 FBgn0102176 CPIJ001236 GB14696 AGAP011583 AAEL000970 PB22300
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 28 )
Harvard	- P{XP}Trld00003 - P{XP}Trld00183 - P{XP}Trld03211 - P{XP}Trld07877 - PBac{RB}Trle01277 - PBac{RB}Trle01739 - PBac{RB}Trle04110 - PBac{WH}Trlf03426 - PBac{WH}Trlf06811
VDRC	v106433 P{KK112776}VIE-260B v17198 w1118; P{GD8028}v17198 v41095 w1118; P{GD4500}v41095
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR11B23 BACR22J22 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 152 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	LD41963
Other clones	DPiM_LD41963 MIP04022
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	AT03635 AT03649 AT16872 GH25068 GH26394 GH28829 GM01124 GM01856 GM12880 GM16361 GM25166 GM27622 LD06820 LD07905 LD08148 LD10115 LD10830 LD10903 LD13928 LD14509 LD15819 LD17265 LD19172 LD19220 LD20389 LD20745 LD27443 LD28739 LD30706 LD34729 LD41514 RE04673 RE06204 RE07031 RE12285 RE12568 RE14880 RE17756 RE18788 RE19823 RE22185 RE25864 RE26008 RE26081 RE27169 RE33325 RE33326 RE34556 RE35210 RE35413 RE44204 RE44770 RE45928 RE50088 RE53136 RE54562 RE54649 RE56054 RE56143 RE56411 RE57561 RE58946 RE60758 RE64452 RE64539 RE64662 RH12393 RH13601 RH16962 RH17243 RH25306 RH32014 RH32034 RH37995 RH38509 RH40587 RH45876 RH63056 RH64065 RH70416 SD05224
Other clones	8849 13701 18852 30042 32014 42391 51459 59521 83125 103354 104386 104574 105651 109031 165614 175287 214317.50 214385.54 214507.57 522148 522892 557906 569581 AA433257 CK01.28B.C2 CK01.34C.A2 CK01.59C.E8 CK01.70B.C8 CK01.96C.G9 CK01.106B.H7 CK01.110A.H1 CK01.117A.H3 CK01.122D.C4 EC053265 EK005423 EK024341 EK048252 EK075502 EK075506 EK088732 EK093542 EK099329 EK107538 EK115539 EK133458 EK142516 EK157332 EK165848 EK186430 EK194803 EK216946 EK228505 EK229240 EK229355 EK231038 EK263862 EK279957 EK296203 EN01444 EN02959 EN12631 EN15162 EP13131 EP22336 FGM207B07 RH45758 RP004460838 RP004554925
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0013263 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 39606
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: Trl CG9343 (Bayraktaroglu, 1999.11)
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: Trl anon-EST:fe2E12 (Bayraktaroglu, 2000.11.2) Source for merge of: Trl Nc70F (FlyBase, 1996-)
Additional comments	One or more of the processed transcripts for this gene contain(s) two non-overlapping open reading frames (ORFs). The non-overlapping ORFs are represented by Trl and CG42507. (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2008) Annotation CG33260 has been re-extended to its original form (corresponding to the annotation originally named CG13470) in release 5.1 of the genome annotation. The 3' end of release 5.1 annotation CG33260 (including some of the CDS) overlaps the 5' UTR of the neighbouring release 5.1 Trl annotation which is on the same strand. (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2006) Source for merge of Trl Nc70F was sequence comparison (date:000202). (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2004, FlyBase, 1996-)
Other Comments
	DNA-protein interactions: genome-wide binding profile assayed for Trl protein in Kc167 cells; see Chromatin_types_NKI collection report. Individual protein-binding experiments listed under "Samples" at GEO_GSE22069 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE22069). (Filion et al., 2010) DNA-protein interactions: genome-wide binding profile assayed for Trl protein in 0-12 hr embryos. Individual protein-binding experiments listed under "Samples" at GEO: 16245 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE16245). (Nègre et al., 2010) RNAi generated by PCR using primers directed to this gene causes a cell growth and viability phenotype when assayed in Kc167 and S2R+ cells. (Boutros et al., 2004) RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene causes a cell growth and viability phenotype when assayed in Kc167 and S2R+ cells. (Boutros et al., 2004) Trl is required for dosage compensation in males. (Greenberg et al., 2004) Genetic interaction data suggest that Trl may have a role in control of homeotic gene activity. (Schwendemann and Lehmann, 2002) Trl protein forms oligomers both in vitro and in vivo. The formation of these oligomers, which exist in solution in the absence of DNA binding, requires the N-terminal POZ domain. (Espinas et al., 1999) The Trl POZ domain mediates strong co-operative binding to multiple Trl protein binding sites but inhibits binding to single sites. Trl protein oligomerisation thus increases binding specificity by selecting only promoters with multiple Trl protein binding sites. (Katsani et al., 1999) Trl- and Iswi-mediated disruption of the chromatin structure within the promoter region of ftz activates transcription on the chromatin template. (Okada and Hirose, 1998) Two major primary isoforms of Trl are identified, GAGA-519 and GAGA-581. The isoforms share an N-terminal protein-protein interaction domain and a DNA binding domain, but differ in their C-termini. Both isoforms exhibit a full spectrum of biological activities. (Benyajati et al., 1997) Silencing activity of the iab-7PRE in the bithorax complex is dependent upon Trl. (Hagstrom et al., 1997) Hsf interacts directly with Trl, Trl stabilises Hsf binding to heat shock elements (HSEs). (Mason and Lis, 1997) In tissue culture cells Trl protein is also bound at those PREs which contain Trl consensus-binding sites. (Strutt et al., 1997) The Trl gene product is required for a variety of developmental loci that contain GAGA binding sites in their upstream regulatory regions. The effects of mutation in Trl are consistent with a role in chromatin remodeling. Other defects suggest an additional, more global role in chromosome structure and function, related to the association of the GAGA protein with heterochromatic satellite sequences observed throughout the cell cycle. (Bhat et al., 1996) The single zinc finger domain from the Trl protein, along with a stretch of amino acids at the N terminus of the finger, is sufficient for specific DNA binding. (Pedone et al., 1996) The grh and Trl factors bind to the 11bp tor response element in the tll promoter, raising the possibility that they are involved in the regulation of tll expression. Trl may be required for early events in oogenesis. (Liaw et al., 1995) UV cross linking technique has been used to study the in vivo distribution of Trl protein on Hsp70 and Hsp26. Prior to heat shock Trl protein is associated with the promoter regions of the uninduced Hsp70 and Hsp26 genes. Upon heat shock induction Trl protein is recruited to their transcription units with its distribution coincident with that of RNA polymerase II. (O'Brien et al., 1995) Analysis of transcription from Hsp26 promoter deletion constructs indicates that Trl mediates anti-repression of the Hsp26 promoter in extracts from unstressed embryos, while Hsf activates the Hsp26 promoter in extracts from heat shocked embryos. (Sandaltzopoulos et al., 1995) Nucleosome remodelling factor is composed of at least four polypeptides that act in concert with the Trl transcription factor at the Hsp70 promoter. (Tsukiyama and Wu, 1995) Hsf and Trl can cause nucleosome rearrangements which may lead to a refinement of nucleosome positions, nucleosome remodeling is ATP-dependent. (Wall et al., 1995) Removal of the POZ (poxvirus and zinc finger) domain increases DNA binding affinity of the chromosome. (Bardwell and Treisman, 1994) Trl belongs to the trithorax group of genes, is required for normal expression of homeotic genes, for example Ubx, and is a modifier of position effect variegation. (Farkas et al., 1994) Trl encodes the GAGA factor which is involved in the formation of an accessible chromatin structure at promoter sequences. (Farkas et al., 1994) Trl binds to tubulin element 2 (TE2) and the intron of αTub84B, but not to tubulin element 1 (TE1). (O'Donnell and Wensink, 1994) Trl is associated with regions of heterochromatin throughout the cell cycle, probably via a direct interaction with a GA/CT rich subset of the highly repetitive DNA sequences found in heterochromatin. Trl can also associate with specific DNA sequences even when the DNA is highly compacted in the mitotic chromosomes. (Raff et al., 1994) Introduction of Trl protein during or after nucleosome assembly in vitro results in disruption of nucleosome structure at the Hsp70Aa promoter. Hsp70Aa promoter deletion analysis reveals that disruption of a preassembled nucleosome requires three or four GA/CT elements, nucleosome displacement requires at least two GA/CT elements. (Tsukiyama et al., 1994) Trl promotes chromatin rearrangement at heat shock loci. (van Holde, 1994) The Trl gene product is a multipurpose transcriptional activator which binds to (GA/CT)n sites in a host of promoters. (van Holde, 1994) Trl protein exists in multiple forms. Trl cDNA 5A activates transcription in transfected tissue culture cells in a binding site-dependent manner. (Soeller et al., 1993) Trl plays in role in the regulation of Ubx transcription. (Laney and Biggin, 1992) Trl counteracts His1-mediated repression of transcription. (Croston et al., 1991) The Trl protein probably acts as a transcriptional antirepressor of the Kr gene. (Kerrigan et al., 1991) Trl binds to eve regulatory sequences in vitro. (Read et al., 1990) The Trl product activates Ubx transcription selectively in a reconstituted in vitro reaction. (Biggin and Tjian, 1988)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_206355 NM_206356 NM_206357 NM_206358 NM_206359 NM_206360 NM_001038924 NM_001038925 NM_001038926 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_996077 NP_996078 NP_996079 NP_996080 NP_996081 NP_996082 NP_001034013 NP_001034014 NP_001034015 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA433257 AAA16072 AAB81112 AAB81113 AAB81117 AAF49709 AAF49709.1 AAF49710 AAF49710.1 AAF49711 AAF49711.1 AAL39796 AAN11799 AAN11799.1 AAN11800 AAN11800.1 AAO39653 AAS65007 AAS65007.1 ABC66143 ABC66144 ABC66145 AI516183 AJ225042 AJ441087 AJ459425 AJ459426 AQ026386 AQ073055 AQ073801 AQ073806 AW943589 AY069651 BF497103 BT003649 CAA12383 CAA42446 CAB86986 CAD29581 CAD30828 CAD30829 CZ473239 CZ473295 CZ479083 CZ481867 CZ485992 CZ485993 CZ489540 L22205 U16728 U18386 U68563 X59784 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 2768981 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • Q08605 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • A4V1Y6 A4V1Y7 Q2PDY1 Q2PDY2 Q8MYL2
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • BTB/POZ fold (IPR011333) Zinc finger, C2H2-type/integrase, DNA-binding (IPR013087) Zinc finger, C2H2-like (IPR015880) BTB/POZ-like (IPR000210) Zinc finger, C2H2 (IPR007087) BTB/POZ (IPR013069) Zinc finger, GAGA-binding factor (IPR015318) PDB - Protein Data Bank. An information portal to biological macromolecular structures • 1YUI 1YUJ
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 77830 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0013263 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0013263 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0013263 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0013263 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG9343-RB;CG9343-RE;CG13470-RA;CG9343-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0013263 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 39606 InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL000970-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP011583-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) 125224 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) ENSCINP00000022638 Ciona intestinalis (sea squirt) CPIJ001236 Culex pipens (mosquito) ENSP00000292431 Homo sapiens (human) ENSMODP00000014555 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMODP00000021863 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMMUP00000023621 Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) XP_001602631.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) ENSOANP00000010911 Ornithorynchus anatinus (platypus) ENSPPYP00000010787 Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan) ENSPTRP00000018020 Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) ENSXETP00000001609 Xenopus tropicalis (frog) Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /polycomb/trx-lik1.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 2768981 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0013263 OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • NV15260 LH12435 FBgn0237331 FBgn0212600 FBgn0025647 FBgn0184331 FBgn0179396 FBgn0245056 FBgn0136560 FBgn0124263 FBgn0105975 FBgn0102176 CPIJ001236 GB14696 AGAP011583 AAEL000970 PB22300 REDfly - A database of transcriptional regulatory elements. • FBgn0013263
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 36 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	Adf-2 (Geer et al., 1993) Adf2 (Benyajati et al., 1992, ) Adf-2-519 (Benyajati, 1994.12.12) anon-EST:fe2E12   CG9343 (Klebes et al., 2005, ) CG33261 (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2004, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Grieder et al., 2007, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Neely et al., 2010) E(var)3-trl (Wallrath, 2000) E(var)62 (Wallrath, 1998, ) GAF (Huang et al., 2002, Martinez et al., 2006, Smith et al., 2004, Lund and van Lohuizen, 2004, Bloyer et al., 2003, Ishii and Laemmli, 2003, Sun et al., 2003, van Steensel et al., 2003, Patterson, 2001, Schwendemann and Lehmann, 2002, Maurange and Paro, 2002, Leibovitch et al., 2002, Dejardin and Cavalli, 2002, Katokhin et al., 2001, Bejarano et al., 2001, Busturia et al., 2001, van Steensel et al., 2001, Martienssen, 2001, van Steensel et al., 2001, Henikoff and Vermaak, 2000, Lis, 1998, Wilkins and Lis, 1999, Agianian et al., 1999, Wilkins and Lis, 1998, Pile and Cartwright, 1998, Wilkins and Lis, 1997, Baricheva et al., 1997, Todorovic et al., 1996, Wall et al., 1995, Sandaltzopoulos et al., 1995, Schwartz and Pirrotta, 2007, Brown et al., 2005, Schuettengruber, 2006, Sultana et al., 2011, Hill, 2006, Negre et al., 2006, Muller and Kassis, 2006, Zhao et al., 2005, Golovnin et al., 2007, Petesch and Lis, 2008, Hauenschild et al., 2008, Schuettengruber et al., 2009, Shevelyov et al., 2009, Salvaing et al., 2006, Bartkuhn et al., 2009, Melnikova et al., 2004, Tolhuis et al., 2006, van Steensel et al., 2010, Rach et al., 2011, Deal et al., 2010, Nègre et al., 2010, Filion et al., 2010, van Bemmel et al., 2010, modENCODE Consortium et al., 2010, Schoborg and Labrador, 2010, The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Huen and Russell, 2010, Guertin and Lis, 2010, Vatolina et al., 2011, Vatolina et al., 2011) Gaf (Varga-Weisz et al., 1995, Moorman et al., 2006, Moorman et al., 2006, Ringrose and Paro, 2007, Birch-Machin et al., 2005) GAGA (Erhardt et al., 2003, Schweinsberg et al., 2004, Lehmann et al., 2004, Pagans et al., 2004, Simms et al., 2003, Mahmoudi et al., 2003, Salvaing et al., 2003, Xiao et al., 2001, Lu et al., 2003, Kosoy et al., 2002, Furriols and Casanova, 2003, Duncan, 2002, Volpi et al., 2002, Poux et al., 2002, West et al., 2002, Granok et al., 2001, Van Steensel et al., 2001, Leibovitch et al., 2001, Bloyer et al., 2001, Espinas et al., 2000, Mishra et al., 2001, Poux et al., 2001, Read et al., 2000, Jones and Kadonaga, 2000, Farkas et al., 2000, Deuring et al., 2000, Horard et al., 1999, Wu et al., 1998, van Lohuizen, 1999, Espinas et al., 1999, Katsani et al., 1999, Weiler and Wakimoto, 1999, Cryderman et al., 1999, Bloyer et al., 1999, Argiropoulos and Brock, 1999, Lintermann et al., 1998, Lehmann et al., 1998, Gdula et al., 1998, Jimenez-Garcia et al., 1998, Huang et al., 1998, Cavalli and Paro, 1998, Csink and Henikoff, 1998, Platero et al., 1998, Brock and Hodgson, 1998, Greenblatt, 1997, Baricheva et al., 1997, Breiling et al., 1997, Strutt et al., 1997, Schwartz and Kornberg, 1997, Greenberg and Schedl, 1997, Platero et al., 1997, Bhat et al., 1996, Yamamoto et al., 1996, Ito et al., 1996, Pedone et al., 1996, Treisman, 1996, Sandaltzopoulos and Bonte, 1995, Pedone et al., 1996, Laney and Biggin, 1996, Bardwell and Treisman, 1994, Liaw et al., 1995, Hu et al., 1995, Shopland et al., 1995, Bienz and Muller, 1995, Wallrath and Elgin, 1995, O'Brien et al., 1995, Lu et al., 1993, TenHarmsel et al., 1993, Lu et al., 1992, Lee et al., 1992, Laney and Biggin, 1992, Croston et al., 1991, Kerrigan et al., 1991, Read et al., 1990, Elgin, 1990, Thummel, 1989, Moon et al., 2005, Kahn et al., 2006, Wu et al., 2005, Greenberg and Schedl, 2001, Font-Burgada et al., 2008, Aran-Guiu et al., 2010, Bonet et al., 2005) Gaga (Wen and Lai, 1998) gaga (Pai et al., 2004) l(3)s2325   Nc70F (Perelygina, 1991.5.24, Perelygina et al., 1993, Perelygina et al., 1992, Kokoza et al., 1991, ) NC70F (Kokoza et al., 1991) TfGAGA/Adf-2 (Benyajati, 1994.10.28) trl (Kelley, 2004, Maixner et al., 1998, Secombe et al., 2007, Fanti et al., 2008) Trl (Dworkin and Gibson., 2006, Dworkin and Gibson, 2006, Sultana et al., 2011, Aerts et al., 2007, Canudas et al., 2005, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Huang et al., 2002, Hodgson et al., 2001, Greenberg and Schedl, 2001, Muller and Kassis, 2006, Secombe et al., 2007, Nakayama et al., 2007, Ringrose and Paro, 2007, FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2008, Minidorff et al., 2007, Minidorff et al., 2007, Vázquez et al., 2008, Fujioka et al., 2008, Bernués et al., 2007, Brody, 2009.03, González et al., 2008, Tchoubrieva and Gibson, 2004, Khan et al., 2009, Schaaf et al., 2009, Sing et al., 2009, Gim et al., 2001, Balasov, 2002, Saj et al., 2010, Baig et al., 2010, Bonet et al., 2005, modENCODE Consortium et al., 2010, Di Stefano et al., 2011, Seong et al., 2011, Pruteanu-Malinici et al., 2011, Chopra et al., 2008) TRL (Chang et al., 2007, Mukai et al., 2007) Trl-GAGA (Mishra et al., 2003) unnamed (Schmid and Tautz, 1997)
Name Synonym	Adh transcription factor 2   anon-fast-evolving-2E12   GAGA element (Shopland et al., 1995, Lee et al., 1992) GAGA factor (Levine et al., 2004, Fourel et al., 2004, Xin et al., 2004, Wu et al., 2003, Orlando, 2003, Kapetanaki et al., 2003, Fourel et al., 2002, Simon and Tamkun, 2002, Huckriede, 2001, Tchoubrieva and Gibson, 2001, Brock et al., 2001, Schweinsberg et al., 2001, Horard et al., 2000, Greenberg and Schedl, 2000, Leibovitch et al., 2000, Gao and Benyajati, 1998, Klar, 1998, Orlando et al., 1998, Schweinsberg et al., 1998, Greenberg and Schedl, 1998, Anonymous, 1997, Weber et al., 1997, Leibovitch et al., 1997, Marin et al., 1996, Kingston et al., 1996, Kellum et al., 1995, Kamakaka and Kadonaga, 1993, Granok et al., 1994, Becker, 1994, Krumm et al., 1993, Read and Manley, 1992, Ringrose et al., 2004, Mulholland et al., 2003, Ishii and Laemmli, 2003, Shimojima et al., 2003, Okada and Hirose, 1998, Mason and Lis, 1997, Benyajati et al., 1997, Tsukiyama and Wu, 1995, Wall et al., 1995, Varga-Weisz et al., 1995, O'Donnell and Wensink, 1994, Biggin and Tjian, 1988, Schuettengruber, 2006, Moorman et al., 2006, Kahn et al., 2006, Negre et al., 2006, Leibovitch et al., 2002, Muller and Kassis, 2006, Nakayama et al., 2007, Bai et al., 2007, Zhao et al., 2005, Lee et al., 2008, Kwong et al., 2008, Petesch and Lis, 2008, Bartkuhn et al., 2009, Tolhuis et al., 2006, Dhanasekaran et al., 2007, Dhanasekaran et al., 2008, van Steensel et al., 2010, Deal et al., 2010, modENCODE Consortium et al., 2010, Huen and Russell, 2010) GAGA Factor (Brown et al., 2005) GAGA-factor (Hill, 2006) GAGA transcription factor (Benyajati, 1996.8.29, Soeller, 1993, Wilkins and Lis, 1998, Soeller et al., 1993) Neural conserved at 70F   transcription-factor-Adh2 (Jackson and Benyajati, 1992) Trithorax-like (Dworkin and Gibson, 2006, Huang et al., 2002, Greenberg and Schedl, 2001, Muller and Kassis, 2006, Bernués et al., 2007, Tchoubrieva and Gibson, 2004, Gim et al., 2001, Balasov, 2002, Neely et al., 2010, Baig et al., 2010, Lemos et al., 2010) TRITHORAX-LIKE (Chang et al., 2007) trithorax-like (Fanti et al., 2008, Sing et al., 2009, Deal et al., 2010) Trithorax like (Chopra et al., 2008) Trithorax-related (Lemos et al., 2010)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0005691 FBgn0010008 FBgn0010418 FBgn0011024 FBgn0025220 FBgn0036445 FBgn0053261
References ( 379 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 379 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 210 ) Supplementary material  ( 12 ) Review  ( 71 ) Erratum  ( 1 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 11 ) Abstract  ( 52 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 6 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 6 ) Letter  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 3 ) Computer file  ( 4 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Automatic genome annotation  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 23 )
	Carreira et al., 2011, BMC Dev. Biol. 11: 32 Genetic basis of wing morphogenesis in Drosophila: sexual dimorphism and non-allometric effects of shape variation. [FBrf0214273] Di Stefano et al., 2011, Genes Dev. 25(1): 17--28 Functional antagonism between histone H3K4 demethylases in vivo. [FBrf0212709] Omelina et al., 2011, Comput. Biol. Chem. 35(6): 363--370 Analysis and recognition of the GAGA transcription factor binding sites in Drosophila genes. [FBrf0216758] Pruteanu-Malinici et al., 2011, PLoS Comput. Biol. 7(7): e1002098 Automatic Annotation of Spatial Expression Patterns via Sparse Bayesian Factor Models. [FBrf0214618] Rach et al., 2011, PLoS Genet. 7(1): e1001274 Transcription initiation patterns indicate divergent strategies for gene regulation at the chromatin level. [FBrf0214353] Seong et al., 2011, Biogerontology 12(2): 93--107 Genome-wide analysis of low-dose irradiated male Drosophila melanogaster with extended longevity. [FBrf0213307] Sultana et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(9): 3543--3557 A BEAF dependent chromatin domain boundary separates myoglianin and eyeless genes of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0213641] Vatolina et al., 2011, Genetika, Moscow 47(5): 597--609 [Identification and molecular genetic characterization of the polytene chromosome interbands in Drosophila melanogaster]. [FBrf0214456] Vatolina et al., 2011, Russ. J. Genet. 47(5): 521--532 Identification and molecular genetic characterization of the polytene chromosome interbands in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0216692] Aran-Guiu et al., 2010, Biochemistry 49(43): 9140--9151 Acetylation of GAGA Factor Modulates Its Interaction with DNA. [FBrf0212158] Baig et al., 2010, Genetics 184(3): 731--744 The chromatin-remodeling protein Osa interacts with CyclinE in Drosophila eye imaginal discs. [FBrf0210399] Deal et al., 2010, Science 328(5982): 1161--1164 Genome-wide kinetics of nucleosome turnover determined by metabolic labeling of histones. [FBrf0210910] Filion et al., 2010, Cell 143(2): 212--224 Systematic protein location mapping reveals five principal chromatin types in Drosophila cells. [FBrf0212051] Guertin and Lis, 2010, PLoS Genet. 6(9): Chromatin Landscape Dictates HSF Binding to Target DNA Elements. [FBrf0211835] Huen and Russell, 2010, BMC Bioinformatics 11: 359 On the use of resampling tests for evaluating statistical significance of binding-site co-occurrence. [FBrf0214212] Lemos et al., 2010, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107(36): 15826--15831 Epigenetic effects of polymorphic Y chromosomes modulate chromatin components, immune response, and sexual conflict. [FBrf0211775] modENCODE Consortium et al., 2010, Science 330(6012): 1787--1797 Identification of functional elements and regulatory circuits by Drosophila modENCODE. [FBrf0212741] Neely et al., 2010, Cell 141(1): 142--153 A global in vivo Drosophila RNAi screen identifies NOT3 as a conserved regulator of heart function. [FBrf0210524] Nègre et al., 2010, PLoS Genet. 6(1): e1000814 A comprehensive map of insulator elements for the Drosophila genome. [FBrf0209760] Saj et al., 2010, Dev. Cell 18(5): 862--876 A combined ex vivo and in vivo RNAi screen for notch regulators in Drosophila reveals an extensive notch interaction network. [FBrf0210834] Schoborg and Labrador, 2010, J. Mol. Evol. 70(1): 74--84 The Phylogenetic Distribution of Non-CTCF Insulator Proteins Is Limited to Insects and Reveals that BEAF-32 Is Drosophila Lineage Specific. [FBrf0209931] van Steensel et al., 2010, Genome Res. 20(2): 190--200 Bayesian network analysis of targeting interactions in chromatin. [FBrf0209848] van Bemmel et al., 2010, PLoS ONE 5(11): e15013 The Insulator Protein SU(HW) Fine-Tunes Nuclear Lamina Interactions of the Drosophila Genome. [FBrf0212466] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2010 Show reviews ...