FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\Trl

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Trl

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

Trithorax-like

Annotation Symbol

CG33261

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0013263

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

43 publicly available

Gene Snapshot

Trithorax-like (Trl) is a GAGA transcription factor involved in chromatin modification. Trl roles include cell division, dosage compensation and gametogenesis. [Date last reviewed: 2016-06-30]

Other Summaries

Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

GAF, GAGA, Nc70F, GAGA factor, LBC

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

Sequence location

3L:14,747,929..14,761,049 [-]

Recombination map

3-42

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

GBrowse JBrowse

Help me choose

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

NCBI Genome Data Viewer

UCSC Genome Browser

Ensembl Genome Browser

PopFly Genome Browser

GO Summary Ribbons

[Detailed GO annotations]

Families, Domains and Molecular Function

Gene Group Membership (FlyBase)

POLYCOMB GROUP RECRUITERS/DNA-BINDING PROTEINS

C2H2 ZINC FINGER TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS

Protein Family (UniProt, Sequence Similarities)

Protein Domains/Motifs

InterPro

BTB/POZ domain; SKP1/BTB/POZ domain superfamily; Zinc finger C2H2-type; Zinc finger, GAGA-binding factor

Molecular Function (see GO section for details)

Experimental Evidence

chromatin binding; DNA binding; DNA-binding transcription factor activity; POZ domain binding; protein binding; protein heterodimerization activity; protein homodimerization activity; sequence-specific DNA binding; transcription factor binding

Predictions / Assertions

Summaries

Gene Group Membership

POLYCOMB GROUP RECRUITERS/DNA-BINDING PROTEINS -: The Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are epigenetic regulators, best characterized for the repression of Hox gene expression. In Drosophila, PcG proteins repress their target genes by binding to specific DNA elements called Polycomb Response Elements (PREs). PcG DNA binding proteins contribute to the recruitment of Polycomb complexes to PREs. (Adapted from FBrf0228921).
C2H2 ZINC FINGER TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS -: Zinc finger C2H2 transcription factors are sequence-specific DNA binding proteins that regulate transcription. They possess DNA-binding domains that are formed from repeated Cys₂His₂ zinc finger motifs. (Adapted from PMID:1835093, FBrf0220103 and FBrf0155739).

UniProt Contributed Function Data

Transcriptional activator that functions by regulating chromatin structure. Overcomes the repressive effects of chromatin by promoting the open chromatin conformation in promoter gene regions, thereby allowing access to other transcription factors. Binds to DNA Polycomb response elements (PREs) at the bithorax complex and to the proximal region of the engrailed promoter, and positively regulates transcription of many genes including homeotic ones. Binds to the DNA sequence (GA)n, with optimal binding to the pentamer 5'-GAGAG-3'. Binds DNA as an oligomer. May also act as a transcriptional repressor, maintaining the repressed state of genes including lolal, and down-regulating its own transcription. Required for dosage compensation in males and may be involved in oogenesis. Also has a role in nuclear division.

(UniProt, Q08605)

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Trl or the JBrowse view of Dmel\Trl for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Comments on Gene Model

gene_with_dicistronic_mRNA ; SO:0000722

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene

gene_with_dicistronic_mRNA

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2008)

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

Trl-RA

FBtr0075705

NM_206358

3197

582

Trl-RB

FBtr0075707

NM_206356

4441

519

Trl-RC

FBtr0075708

NM_206355

1977

519

Trl-RD

FBtr0075706

NM_206357

4015

519

Trl-RE

FBtr0075704

NM_206359

2156

519

Trl-RF

FBtr0075703

NM_206360

2613

582

Trl-RH

FBtr0100444

NM_001038925

1911

519

Trl-RI

FBtr0100445

NM_001038926

3806

567

Trl-RJ

FBtr0333045

NM_001038924

3814

608

Trl-RK

FBtr0333046

NM_001274917

3145

623

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

RefSeq ID

GenBank

Trl-PA

FBpp0089417

62.6

582

8.68

NP_996080

AAF49709

Trl-PB

FBpp0089419

54.8

519

8.13

NP_996078

AAF49710

Trl-PC

FBpp0089411

54.8

519

8.13

NP_996077

AAN11799

Trl-PD

FBpp0089418

54.8

519

8.13

NP_996079

AAF49711

Trl-PE

FBpp0089416

54.8

519

8.13

NP_996081

AAN11800

Trl-PF

FBpp0089415

62.6

582

8.68

NP_996082

AAS65007

Trl-PH

FBpp0099866

54.8

519

8.13

NP_001034014

ABC66145

Trl-PI

FBpp0099867

60.4

567

9.55

NP_001034015

ABC66143

Trl-PJ

FBpp0305259

64.2

608

8.67

NP_001034013

ABC66144

Trl-PK

FBpp0305260

66.4

623

7.72

NP_001261846

AGB94539

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

582 aa isoforms: Trl-PA, Trl-PF

519 aa isoforms: Trl-PB, Trl-PC, Trl-PD, Trl-PE, Trl-PH

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

120 (kD)

(Benyajati et al., 1992)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with Bin1, lolal, corto, ttk and ph-p (PubMed:11256608, PubMed:12384587, PubMed:12834867, PubMed:12771214). Interacts with FACT subunits Ssrp and dre4/SPT16 (PubMed:12815073). Interacts with E(bx) (PubMed:11583616). Upon ecdysone stimulation, interacts with Nup98 (PubMed:28366641).

(UniProt, Q08605)

Post Translational Modification

The N-terminus is blocked.

(UniProt, Q08605)

Domain

The N-terminal BTB domain mediates protein oligomerization. The C-terminal glutamine-rich region is required for transcriptional activation activity.

(UniProt, Q08605)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Trl using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Linkouts

Gene Ontology (30 terms)

Molecular Function (9 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (9 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

chromatin binding

inferred from direct assay

(Chopra et al., 2008)

DNA binding

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProt )

(van Steensel et al., 2003, Benyajati et al., 1997, Soeller et al., 1993)

inferred from direct assay

(Bonchuk et al., 2011, Chen et al., 2009, Mahmoudi et al., 2002)

DNA-binding transcription factor activity

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Read et al., 2000)

POZ domain binding

inferred from direct assay

(Bonchuk et al., 2011)

protein binding

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q7KRI2

(assigned by UniProt )

(Mishra et al., 2003)

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Ssrp; FB:FBgn0010278

(Shimojima et al., 2003)

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:P17789

(assigned by UniProt )

(Pagans et al., 2002)

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:P41046

(assigned by UniProt )

(Salvaing et al., 2003)

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9VCH5

(assigned by UniProt )

(Pascual-Garcia et al., 2017)

protein heterodimerization activity

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q08605

(assigned by UniProt )

(Benyajati et al., 1997)

protein homodimerization activity

inferred from direct assay

(Bonchuk et al., 2011, Mahmoudi et al., 2002)

sequence-specific DNA binding

inferred from direct assay

(Mulholland et al., 2003)

transcription factor binding

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:bip2; FB:FBgn0026262

(Chopra et al., 2008)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Biological Process (17 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (15 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

chromatin assembly

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProt )

(Benyajati et al., 1997)

dosage compensation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Greenberg et al., 2004)

imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Dworkin and Gibson, 2006)

negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Hsf; FB:FBgn0001222

(Chen et al., 2009)

nuclear division

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Bhat et al., 1996)

nucleosome organization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Tsai et al., 2016)

oogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Ogienko et al., 2008)

positive regulation of chromatin silencing

inferred from direct assay

(Mulholland et al., 2003)

positive regulation of phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Tsai et al., 2016)

positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Tsai et al., 2016, Chopra et al., 2008)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:bip2; FB:FBgn0026262

(Chopra et al., 2008)

positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProt )

(Benyajati et al., 1997, Soeller et al., 1993)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Chen et al., 2009)

protein complex oligomerization

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProt )

(Espinas et al., 1999)

response to ecdysone

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProt )

(Pascual-Garcia et al., 2017)

spermatogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Dorogova et al., 2014)

syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Bhat et al., 1996)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

chromatin organization

non-traceable author statement

(Read et al., 2000)

positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated

traceable author statement

(Lehmann, 2004)

regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001135010

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

Cellular Component (4 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

euchromatin

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProt )

(Benyajati et al., 1997)

nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(Chopra et al., 2008, Mulholland et al., 2003, Read et al., 2000, Bhat et al., 1996)

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProt )

(Benyajati et al., 1997, Soeller et al., 1993)

pericentric heterochromatin

inferred from direct assay

(Read et al., 2000)

polytene chromosome

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProt )

(Benyajati et al., 1997)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

nucleus

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001135010

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

pericentric heterochromatin

traceable author statement

(Read et al., 2000)

Expression Data

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 7 -- 8

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

dorsal ectoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism | faint | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

anterior midgut primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

dorsal epidermis primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

foregut primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

hindgut proper primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

posterior midgut primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

somatic muscle primordium

Comment: reported as muscle system primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

visceral muscle primordium

Comment: reported as muscle system primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

tracheal primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

trunk mesoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

Additional Descriptive Data

Trl protein is localized to the nuclei of all cell types in the pupal retina

(Dos-Santos et al., 2008)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

euchromatin

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProt )

(Benyajati et al., 1997)

nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(Chopra et al., 2008, Mulholland et al., 2003, Read et al., 2000, Bhat et al., 1996)

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProt )

(Benyajati et al., 1997, Soeller et al., 1993)

pericentric heterochromatin

inferred from direct assay

(Read et al., 2000)

polytene chromosome

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProt )

(Benyajati et al., 1997)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Trl in GBrowse 2

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\Trl

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\Trl

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0013263

FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies

FBgn0013263

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

CG9343-RB;CG9343-RE;CG13470-RA;CG9343-RA

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG33261

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0013263

Images

FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)

Show all FlyExpress processed images for Dmel\Trl

Stages(s) 1-3
Stages(s) 4-6
Stages(s) 11-12
Stages(s) 13-16

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs and Phenotypes

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 76 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Allele of Trl

Class

Mutagen

Associated Insertion

Stocks

Known lesion

Trl^13C

hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence

P-element activity

P{bluetail}Trl^13C

Yes

Trl^R85

amorphic allele - genetic evidence, hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence

P-element activity

Yes

Trl⁶²

Delta2-3 transposase

P{hsneo.ry⁺}Trl⁶²

Yes

Trl^s2325

P-element activity

P{lacW}s2325

Yes

Trl^R67

P-element activity

Yes

Trl^EP3184

P-element activity

Yes

P-element activity

P{wHy}Trl^DG30805

Yes

Trl^EP3191

P-element activity

P{EP}Trl^EP3191

Yes

Trl^EP3609

P-element activity

P{EP}Trl^EP3609

Yes

Trl³⁶²

P{lacW}Trl³⁶²

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

ethyl methanesulfonate

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

P-element activity

Yes

Yes

piggyBac activity

Yes

Yes

piggyBac activity

PBac{RB}Trl^e04110

Yes

Trl^ex15

Delta2-3 transposase

P{3'lacW}Trl^ex15

Yes

Trl^f03426

piggyBac activity

PBac{WH}Trl^f03426

Yes

Trl^f06811

piggyBac activity

PBac{WH}Trl^f06811

Yes

Trl^KG02898

P{SUPor-P}Trl^KG02898

Yes

Trl^{MI02741-GFSTF.1}

phiC31 integrase

Mi{PT-GFSTF.1}Trl^{MI02741-GFSTF.1}

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

ethyl methanesulfonate

Trl^65S19

Trl^109.2

ethyl methanesulfonate

Trl^d03332

P-element activity

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

P-element activity

Yes

Yes

hypomorphic allele - molecular evidence

P{}Trl^en82

Yes

Trl^ND938

P-element activity

Yes

Yes

Delta2-3 transposase

P{lacW}Trl^P24

Yes

Other relevant insertions

insertion of mobile activating element

Name

Expression Data

P{GSV1}GSd439a

P{Mae-UAS.6.11}B0968^B0968

Transgenic Constructs ( 20 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Trl

Allele of Trl

Mutagen

Associated Transgenic Construct

Stocks

in vitro construct - regulatory fusion

P{Hsp83-Trl.GAGA-519}

Trl^KK112776

P{KK112776}

Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-581}

in vitro construct - regulatory fusion

P{Hsp83-Trl.GAGA-581}

Trl^{UAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA}

M{UAS-Trl.ORF.3xHA.GW}

Trl^{Hsp83.Tag:FLAG}

P{Hsp83-GAGA.FLAG}

Trl^{BCDEH.sfGFP,Tag:FLAG,Tag:CS(PSP),Tag:CS(TEVp),Tag:BLRP}

in vitro construct - coding region fusion

P{Trl.BCDEH-GFP.FPTB}

Trl^{IJ.sfGFP,Tag:FLAG,Tag:CS(PSP),Tag:CS(TEVp),Tag:BLRP}

in vitro construct - coding region fusion

P{Trl.IJ-GFP.FPTB}

Trl^TOE.GS02068

in vitro construct - regulatory fusion

Trl^519.UAS

in vitro construct - regulatory fusion

in vitro construct - regulatory fusion

P{hs-Trl.G}

Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA.lacZ}

in vitro construct - coding region fusion

P{Hsp83-Trl.GAGA.lacZ}

Trl^Hsp83.PG

in vitro construct - regulatory fusion

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Trl

Deletions and Duplications ( 10 )

Disrupted in

Df(3L)fz-M21

(Brumby et al., 2004, Spradling et al., 1999, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Farkas et al., 1994)

Df(3L)Trl^1-25

(Fedorova et al., 2006)

Df(3L)Trl^3-74

(Fedorova et al., 2006)

Duplicated in

Ts(YSt;3Lt)ST1

(Kennison, 1999.12.20)

Not disrupted in

Df(3L)00732

(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

Df(3L)BK10

(Brumby et al., 2004)

Df(3L)fz-GF3b

(Brumby et al., 2004)

Partially disrupted in

Df(3L)Trl^3-47

(Fedorova et al., 2006)

Df(3L)Trl^3-57

(Fedorova et al., 2006)

Df(3L)Trl^3-101

(Fedorova et al., 2006)

Summary of Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

Trl^KK112776

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

Trl^GD8028

lethal (with Trl^13C)

Trl^R67

lethal (with Trl^18.1)

Trl^109.2

lethal (with Trl^109.2)

lethal (with Trl^R67)

lethal | female limited, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

Trl^{UAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA}

lethal | female limited | cold sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

Trl^{UAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA}

lethal | germline clone

Trl^R85

lethal | larval stage

Trl^R85

lethal | male (with Trl^2.3)

Trl^13C

lethal | male (with Trl^13C)

lethal | male (with Trl⁶²)

Trl^13C

lethal | maternal effect | recessive

Trl^13C

lethal | recessive

lethal | recessive, with Scer\GAL4^- :

Trl^EP3609

lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive

lethal - all die before end of P-stage

Trl^DH34

lethal - all die before end of P-stage (with Trl^13C)

Trl^DH34

lethal - all die before end of P-stage (with Trl^DH34)

Trl^13C

lethal - all die during larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

Trl^GD4500

partially lethal | female (with Trl^2.3)

Trl^13C

partially lethal | female (with Trl^13C)

partially lethal | female (with Trl⁶²)

Trl^13C

partially lethal | male limited, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

Trl^{UAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA}

partially lethal | male limited | cold sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

Trl^{UAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA}

partially lethal | recessive

Trl^13C

partially lethal - majority die

Trl^13C

partially lethal - majority die (with Trl^1-72)

Trl^R85

partially lethal - majority die (with Trl^3-23)

Trl^R85

partially lethal - majority die (with Trl^3-59)

Trl^R85

partially lethal - majority die (with Trl^3-85)

Trl^R85

partially lethal - majority die (with Trl^R85)

partially lethal - majority die | conditional

Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA.lacZ}

partially lethal - majority die | embryonic stage | maternal effect

Trl^13C

partially lethal - majority die | heat sensitive (with Trl^1-23)

Trl^R85

partially lethal - majority die | heat sensitive (with Trl^R85)

Trl^1-23

partially lethal - majority die | maternal effect, with Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-519}/Trl^109.2

Trl^18.1

partially lethal - majority die | maternal effect, with Trl^R67/Trl^109.2

Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-581}

partially lethal - majority die | maternal effect (with Trl^109.2), with Trl^18.1

Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-519}

partially lethal - majority die | maternal effect (with Trl^109.2), with Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-581}

Trl^R67

partially lethal - majority die | maternal effect (with Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-519}), with Trl^18.1

Trl^109.2

partially lethal - majority die | maternal effect (with Trl^R67), with Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-581}

Trl^109.2

partially lethal - majority die | recessive

Trl^65S19

viable

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Trl^GD4500

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

Trl^GD8028

Sterility

Allele

female semi-sterile

Trl^en82

female sterile

Trl^13C

female sterile (with Trl^en82)

Trl^R85

female sterile (with Trl^R85)

Trl^en82

female sterile germline-dependent | germline clone

Trl^DHΔ34

male fertile

Trl^en82

male fertile (with Trl^en82)

Trl^R85

male fertile (with Trl^R85)

Trl^en82

male semi-sterile (with Trl³⁶²)

Trl^R85

male semi-sterile (with Trl^R85)

Trl³⁶²

male sterile (with Trl^ex15)

Trl^R85

male sterile (with Trl^R85)

Trl^ex15

semi-fertile

Trl^13C

semi-fertile, with Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-519}/Trl^109.2

Trl^18.1

semi-fertile, with Trl^R67/Trl^109.2

Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-581}

semi-fertile (with Trl^109.2), with Trl^18.1

Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-519}

semi-fertile (with Trl^109.2), with Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-581}

Trl^R67

semi-fertile (with Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-519}), with Trl^18.1

Trl^109.2

semi-fertile (with Trl^R67), with Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-581}

Trl^109.2

sterile

Trl^13C

Other Phenotypes

Allele

cell migration defective (with Trl^ex15)

Trl^R85

cell migration defective (with Trl^R85)

Trl^ex15

decreased fecundity | female

Trl^13C

enhancer of variegation

Trl⁶²

enhancer of variegation, with In(1)w^m4

enhancer of variegation, with In(2R)bw^VDe2

enhancer of variegation | dominant, with In(1)w^m4

enhancer of variegation | dominant, with In(1)w^m4h

Trl⁶²

enhancer of variegation | dominant, with T(2;3)lt^X13

Trl^R85

homeotic

Trl^13C

homeotic, with Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-519}/Trl^109.2

Trl^18.1

homeotic, with Trl^R67/Trl^109.2

Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-581}

homeotic (with Trl^109.2), with Trl^18.1

Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-519}

homeotic (with Trl^109.2), with Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-581}

Trl^R67

homeotic (with Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-519}), with Trl^18.1

Trl^109.2

homeotic (with Trl^R67), with Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-581}

Trl^109.2

homeotic | dominant

Trl^R85

meiotic cell cycle defective

Trl^P24

non-suppressor of variegation, with In(1)w^m4

Trl^hs.PG

non-suppressor of variegation, with In(2LR)lt^G10

Trl^R85

non-suppressor of variegation | dominant, with In(2L)lt^X2

Trl^R85

pain response defective | adult stage, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

Trl^GD4500

short lived | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

Trl^GD8028

size defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^ey.PU

Trl^519.UAS

size defective | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^ey.PU

Trl^519.UAS

some die during embryonic stage | maternal effect, with Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-519}/Trl^109.2

Trl^18.1

some die during embryonic stage | maternal effect, with Trl^R67/Trl^109.2

Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-581}

some die during embryonic stage | maternal effect (with Trl^109.2), with Trl^18.1

Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-519}

some die during embryonic stage | maternal effect (with Trl^109.2), with Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-581}

Trl^R67

some die during embryonic stage | maternal effect (with Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-519}), with Trl^18.1

Trl^109.2

some die during embryonic stage | maternal effect (with Trl^R67), with Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-581}

Trl^109.2

some die during larval stage | recessive

visible, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

Trl^KK112776

visible, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Trl^GD4500

visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

Trl^KK112776

visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^nub.PK

Trl^KK112776

visible | dominant

Trl^s2325

visible | homeotic

Trl⁶²

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

abdominal segment 5 | ectopic

Trl^13C

abdominal segment 5 | ectopic, with Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-519}/Trl^109.2

Trl^18.1

abdominal segment 5 | ectopic, with Trl^R67/Trl^109.2

Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-581}

abdominal segment 5 | ectopic (with Trl^109.2), with Trl^18.1

Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-519}

abdominal segment 5 | ectopic (with Trl^109.2), with Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-581}

Trl^R67

abdominal segment 5 | ectopic (with Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-519}), with Trl^18.1

Trl^109.2

abdominal segment 5 | ectopic (with Trl^R67), with Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-581}

Trl^109.2

abdominal segment 6

Trl^13C

abdominal segment 6, with Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-519}/Trl^109.2

Trl^18.1

abdominal segment 6, with Trl^R67/Trl^109.2

Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-581}

abdominal segment 6 (with Trl^109.2), with Trl^18.1

Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-519}

abdominal segment 6 (with Trl^109.2), with Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-581}

Trl^R67

abdominal segment 6 (with Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-519}), with Trl^18.1

Trl^109.2

abdominal segment 6 (with Trl^R67), with Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA-581}

Trl^109.2

actin filament

Trl^R85

actin filament (with Trl^en82)

Trl^R85

actin filament (with Trl^R85)

Trl^en82

adult abdominal segment 5 | ectopic

Trl^R85

adult abdominal segment 6

Trl^R85

adult heart, with Scer\GAL4^HCH.Hand

Trl^GD8028

chromatin

chromatin, with Scer\GAL4^- :

Trl^EP3184

denticle belt

Trl^R85

dorsal appendage (with Trl^en82)

Trl^R85

dorsal appendage (with Trl^R85)

Trl^en82

egg

Trl^R85

egg (with Trl^en82)

Trl^R85

egg (with Trl^R85)

Trl^en82

egg chamber

egg chamber, with Scer\GAL4^- :

Trl^EP3184

egg chamber (with Trl^en82)

Trl^R85

egg chamber (with Trl^R85)

Trl^en82

embryo | anterior

Trl^R85

eye

Trl^13C

eye, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

Trl^KK112776

eye | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^ey.PU

Trl^519.UAS

eye | somatic clone

Trl^R85

eye disc | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^ey.PU

Trl^519.UAS

eye disc posterior compartment | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^ey.PU

Trl^519.UAS

germline cell (with Trl^ex15)

Trl^R85

germline cell (with Trl^R85)

Trl^ex15

imaginal disc (with Trl^13C)

Trl^R85

imaginal disc (with Trl^R85)

Trl^13C

macrochaeta | somatic clone

Trl^R85

maxillary palpus | somatic clone

Trl^R85

mesothoracic tergum | somatic clone

Trl^R85

microchaeta & abdominal segment 6 | ectopic

Trl^13C

microchaeta | somatic clone

Trl^R85

micropyle

Trl^R85

mitochondrion (with Trl³⁶²)

Trl^R85

mitochondrion (with Trl^ex15)

Trl^R85

mitochondrion (with Trl^R85)

mitosis & nuclear chromosome

mitosis & nuclear chromosome, with Scer\GAL4^- :

Trl^EP3184

nurse cell (with Trl^en82)

Trl^R85

nurse cell (with Trl^R85)

Trl^en82

ommatidium | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^ey.PU

Trl^519.UAS

oocyte (with Trl^en82)

Trl^R85

oocyte (with Trl^R85)

Trl^en82

ovary (with Trl^en82)

Trl^R85

ovary (with Trl^R85)

Trl^en82

polar primary spermatocyte (with Trl³⁶²)

Trl^R85

polar primary spermatocyte (with Trl^R85)

Trl³⁶²

polytene chromosome, with Scer\GAL4^dpp.PU

Trl^519.UAS

proboscis | somatic clone

Trl^R85

sex comb

Trl^13C

sex comb | somatic clone

Trl^R85

spermatocyte (with Trl³⁶²)

Trl^R85

spermatocyte (with Trl^R85)

Trl³⁶²

spermatogonium (with Trl³⁶²)

Trl^R85

spermatogonium (with Trl^ex15)

Trl^R85

spermatogonium (with Trl^R85)

testis (with Trl³⁶²)

Trl^R85

testis (with Trl^ex15)

Trl^R85

testis (with Trl^R85)

trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Trl^GD4500

wing

Trl^s2325

wing, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

Trl^KK112776

wing, with Scer\GAL4^nub.PK

Trl^KK112776

wing | male limited, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

Trl^{UAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA}

wing | male limited | cold sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

Trl^{UAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA}

wing | somatic clone

Trl^R85

wing margin

Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA.lacZ}

wing margin, with Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA.lacZ}

Trl^R67

wing margin, with Trl^R67

Trl^{Hsp83.GAGA.lacZ}

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Download All OrthoDB Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)

Homo sapiens (Human) (16)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Hsap\BCL6B

1 of 15

Yes

Hsap\BCL6

1 of 15

Yes

Hsap\BTBD18

1 of 15

Yes

Hsap\MYNN

1 of 15

Yes

Hsap\NACC1

1 of 15

Yes

Hsap\NACC2

1 of 15

Yes

Hsap\ZBTB2

1 of 15

Yes

Hsap\ZBTB3

1 of 15

Yes

Hsap\ZBTB14

1 of 15

Yes

Hsap\ZBTB17

1 of 15

Yes

Hsap\ZBTB38

1 of 15

Yes

Hsap\ZBTB40

1 of 15

Yes

Hsap\ZBTB44

1 of 15

Yes

Hsap\ZBTB46

1 of 15

Yes

Hsap\ZBTB48

1 of 15

Yes

Hsap\ZBTB49

1 of 15

Yes

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (11)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Mmus\Bcl6b

1 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Nacc2

1 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Zbtb9

1 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Zbtb16

1 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Zbtb17

1 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Zbtb21

1 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Zbtb39

1 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Zbtb42

1 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Zbtb43

1 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Zbtb44

1 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Zbtb49

1 of 15

Yes

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (9)

Rnor\Bcl6b

1 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Nacc2

1 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Zbtb7a

1 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Zbtb37

1 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Zbtb39

1 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Zbtb42

1 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Zbtb43

1 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Zbtb44

1 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Zbtb48

1 of 13

Yes

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (8)

Xtro\gzf1

1 of 12

Yes

Xtro\hic1

1 of 12

Yes

Xtro\hic2

1 of 12

Yes

Xtro\zbtb2

1 of 12

Yes

Xtro\zbtb7b

1 of 12

Yes

Xtro\zbtb43

1 of 12

Yes

Xtro\zbtb49

1 of 12

Yes

Xtro\znf238.2

1 of 12

Yes

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (4)

Drer\bcl6ab

2 of 15

Yes

Drer\hic2

1 of 15

Yes

Drer\zbtb8b

1 of 15

Yes

Drer\zbtb49

1 of 15

Yes

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)

No orthologs reported.

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

No orthologs reported.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

No orthologs reported.

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

No orthologs reported.

Orthologs in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG0919089I )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

AAA Syntenic Ortholog

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Drosophila melanogaster

fruit fly

Dmel\Trl

Drosophila suzukii

Spotted wing Drosophila

Drosophila simulans

Drosophila sechellia

Drosophila erecta

Drosophila yakuba

Drosophila ananassae

Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura

Dpse\GA23656

Drosophila willistoni

Dwil\GK10585

Drosophila virilis

Dvir\Trl

Drosophila mojavensis

Dmoj\GI13806

Drosophila grimshawi

Dgri\GH16792

Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091507EK )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Musca domestica

House fly

Mdoa\17009850

Glossina morsitans

Tsetse fly

Gmor\GMOY001636

Lucilia cuprina

Australian sheep blowfly

Lcup\FF38_11979

Mayetiola destructor

Hessian fly

Mdes\Mdes011475

Aedes aegypti

Yellow fever mosquito

Aaeg\AAEL000970

Anopheles darlingi

American malaria mosquito

Adar\ADAC009315

Anopheles gambiae

Malaria mosquito

Agam\AGAP011583

Culex quinquefasciatus

Southern house mosquito

Cqui\CPIJ001236

Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W07Q0 )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Apis florea

Little honeybee

Aflo\2830194772

Apis mellifera

Western honey bee

Amel\GB53920

Bombus impatiens

Common eastern bumble bee

Bimp\BIMP23311

Bombus terrestris

Buff-tailed bumblebee

Bter\15207736

Linepithema humile

Argentine ant

Lhum\LH12435

Megachile rotundata

Alfalfa leafcutting bee

Mrot\MROTU:0020f1

Nasonia vitripennis

Parasitic wasp

Nvit\Nasvi2EG011311

Rhodnius prolixus

Kissing bug

Rpro\RPRC007898

Zootermopsis nevadensis

Nevada dampwood termite

Znev\Znev_03502

Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( None identified )

No non-Insect Arthropod orthologies identified

Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( None identified )

No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified

Human Disease Model Data

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Alleles Reported to Model Human Disease (Disease Ontology)

Download

Models ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Interactions ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Comments ( 0 )

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

Complementation?

Transgene?

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Interactions Browser

View in Interactions Browser

Please look at the Interaction Group reports for full details of the physical interactions

protein-protein

Interacting group

Assay

References

Trl

cross-linking study, molecular weight estimation by staining, molecular sieving, anti tag western blot, two hybrid, pull down, competition binding, tag visualisation, comigration in non denaturing gel electrophoresis, protein cross-linking with a bifunctional reagent

(Kazemian et al., 2013, Bonchuk et al., 2011, Katsani et al., 1999)

Trl - Act5C

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Nakayama et al., 2012)

Trl - Adf1

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, western blot

(Lomaev et al., 2017)

Trl - Bap55

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Lomaev et al., 2017, Nakayama et al., 2012)

Trl - Bap60

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Nakayama et al., 2012)

Trl - CG12155

pull down, tag visualisation

(Kazemian et al., 2013)

Trl - CG2199

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, two hybrid

(Lomaev et al., 2017)

Trl - CG8924

two hybrid, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Lomaev et al., 2017)

Trl - E(bx)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Nakayama et al., 2012)

Trl - E(z)

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Lomaev et al., 2017)

Trl - E2f1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Bayarmagnai et al., 2012)

Trl - Gug

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Yeung et al., 2017)

Trl - HDAC1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Nakayama et al., 2012)

Trl - Hira

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation

(Nakayama et al., 2012, Nakayama et al., 2007)

Trl - Iswi

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Lomaev et al., 2017, Nakayama et al., 2012)

Trl - MEP-1

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, two hybrid

(Lomaev et al., 2017)

Trl - Mi-2

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Nakayama et al., 2012)

Trl - Nup98-96

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Pascual-Garcia et al., 2017)

Trl - Pc

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, autoradiography

(Poux et al., 2001)

Trl - Rbf

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Bayarmagnai et al., 2012)

Trl - Snr1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Nakayama et al., 2012)

Trl - Ssrp

pull down, anti tag western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, western blot

(Nakayama et al., 2012, Shimojima et al., 2003)

Trl - Su(z)12

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Lomaev et al., 2017)

Trl - bab2

two hybrid, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Lomaev et al., 2017)

Trl - brm

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Nakayama et al., 2012)

Trl - cbt

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Ruiz-Romero et al., 2015)

Trl - corto

pull down, autoradiography, two hybrid

(Salvaing et al., 2003)

Trl - dre4

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, peptide massfingerprinting

(Nakayama et al., 2012, Shimojima et al., 2003)

Trl - esc

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, autoradiography

(Poux et al., 2001)

Trl - fs(1)h

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down

(Kellner et al., 2013)

Trl - ken

pull down, tag visualisation

(Kazemian et al., 2013)

Trl - kis

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Nakayama et al., 2012)

Trl - lola

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, two hybrid

(Lomaev et al., 2017)

Trl - lolal

two hybrid, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Lomaev et al., 2017, Bonchuk et al., 2011)

Trl - mod(mdg4)

two hybrid, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, western blot

(Lomaev et al., 2017, Bonchuk et al., 2011, Pai et al., 2004)

Trl - mor

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Nakayama et al., 2012)

Trl - polybromo

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Nakayama et al., 2012)

Trl - psq

two hybrid, experimental knowledge based

(Bonchuk et al., 2011, Guruharsha et al., 2011)

Trl - pzg

two hybrid, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, western blot

(Lomaev et al., 2017)

Trl - tho2

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Nakayama et al., 2012)

Trl - thoc6

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Nakayama et al., 2012)

Trl - ttk

two hybrid, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down, autoradiography, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based

(Rhee et al., 2014, Bonchuk et al., 2011, Pagans et al., 2002)

Trl - yki

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, pull down, western blot

(Oh et al., 2013)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

esyN Network Key:

Suppression

Enhancement

View in Interactions Browser

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Ubx|Trl

enhanceable

bip2

(Chopra et al., 2008)

Trl

enhanceable

corto

(Lopez et al., 2001)

Trl

suppressible

E(bx)

(Tsai et al., 2016)

Trl

enhanceable

mle|msl-1|msl-2

(Greenberg et al., 2004)

Trl

enhanceable

mod(mdg4)

(Gerasimova and Corces, 1998)

Trl

enhanceable

msl-1

(Greenberg et al., 2004)

Trl

suppressible

msl-2

(Greenberg et al., 2004)

Trl

enhanceable

msl-2

(Greenberg et al., 2004)

Trl

suppressible

Nelf-A

(Tsai et al., 2016)

Trl

suppressible

Nelf-E

(Tsai et al., 2016)

Ubx|Trl

enhanceable

pho

(Bejarano and Busturia, 2004)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Abd-B

suppressible

Trl

(Bejarano and Busturia, 2004)

ash1|trx

enhanceable

Trl

(Gildea et al., 2000)

brm|trx

enhanceable

Trl

(Gildea et al., 2000)

corto

enhanceable

Trl

(Lopez et al., 2001)

CycE

suppressible

Trl

(Brumby et al., 2004, Brumby et al., 2002)

dpp|lolal

suppressible

Trl

(Quijano et al., 2016)

E(z)

suppressible

Trl

(Bajusz et al., 2001)

E(z)

enhanceable

Trl

(Bajusz et al., 2001)

mod(mdg4)|y

enhanceable

Trl

(Gerasimova and Corces, 1998)

enhanceable

Trl

(Busturia et al., 2001, Strutt et al., 1997)

Ras85D|sev

suppressible

Trl

(Maixner et al., 1998)

suppressible

Trl

(Canudas et al., 2005)

Ubx

enhanceable

Trl

(Bejarano and Busturia, 2004, Shimojima et al., 2003, Farkas et al., 1994)

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

(UniProt, Q08605 )

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

77830

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0013263

InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.

2768981

Pathways

Gene Group - Pathway Membership (FlyBase)

External Data

Linkouts

SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.

Q08605

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

3-42

Cytogenetic map

70F4-70F4

Sequence location

3L:14,747,929..14,761,049 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

70F4-70F4

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

70E-70F

(Benyajati, 1994.10.28, Soeller, 1993)

70F-70F

(Perelygina, 1991.5.24)

70F1-70F2

(Katokhin, 1998.3.17)

70F1-70F4

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Spradling et al., 1999)

70F-70F

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Sekelsky et al., 1999, Kokoza et al., 1991)

70F1-70F2

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Farkas et al., 1994)

70F1-70F4

(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

70E-70F

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Dorn et al., 1993)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-42

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-36.3

(Comeron et al., 2012)

(Dorn et al., 1993)

Left of (cM)

Diap1

(Brumby et al., 2004)

Right of (cM)

(Brumby et al., 2004)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (43)

FlyORF

F000247

M{UAS-Trl.ORF.3xHA.GW}ZH-86Fb

d00003

d00183

d03211

d07877

e01277

e01739

e04110

f03426

f06811

v106433

v17198

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD8028}v17198

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (19)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (147)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequences

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0013263

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0013263

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

2768981

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Lomaev et al., 2017, Tsai et al., 2016, Bonchuk et al., 2015, Kasinathan et al., 2014)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Other Information

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: Trl CG9343

(Bayraktaroglu, 1999.11)

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: Trl anon- EST:fe2E12

(Bayraktaroglu, 2000.11.2)

Source for merge of: Trl Nc70F

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Additional comments

This gene was originally designated as 'trithorax-like' ('Trl') residing in the left arm of the third chromosome, based on the observation that some mutant alleles could cause homeotic transformations like mutations in trx (FBrf0076985). However, this assignment is not supported by subsequent reports (FBrf0107412, FBrf0155709). Indeed, the homeotic effect is lost when the right arm of the third chromosome of the original alleles is replaced by a genetically marked WT chromosome (unpublished data). To avoid potential confusion, we refer to the gene as 'GAGA factor' ('Gaf').

(Tsai et al., 2016)

One or more of the processed transcripts for this gene contain(s) two non-overlapping open reading frames (ORFs). The non-overlapping ORFs are represented by Trl and CG42507.

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2008)

Annotation CG33260 has been re-extended to its original form (corresponding to the annotation originally named CG13470) in release 5.1 of the genome annotation. The 3' end of release 5.1 annotation CG33260 (including some of the CDS) overlaps the 5' UTR of the neighbouring release 5.1 Trl annotation which is on the same strand.

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2006)

Source for merge of Trl Nc70F was sequence comparison ( date:000202 ).

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2004, FlyBase, 1996-)

Other Comments

DNA-protein interactions: genome-wide binding profile assayed for Trl protein in 0-12 hr embryos; see mE1_TFBS_Trl collection report.

(Negre et al., 2011)

DNA-protein interactions: genome-wide binding profile assayed for Trl protein in Kc167 cells; see Chromatin_types_NKI collection report. Individual protein-binding experiments listed under "Samples" at GEO_GSE22069 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE22069).

(Filion et al., 2010)

DNA-protein interactions: genome-wide binding profile assayed for Trl protein in 0-12 hr embryos. Individual protein-binding experiments listed under "Samples" at GEO: 16245 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE16245).

(Nègre et al., 2010)

RNAi generated by PCR using primers directed to this gene causes a cell growth and viability phenotype when assayed in Kc167 and S2R⁺ cells.

(Boutros et al., 2004)

RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene causes a cell growth and viability phenotype when assayed in Kc167 and S2R⁺ cells.

(Boutros et al., 2004)

Trl is required for dosage compensation in males.

(Greenberg et al., 2004)

Genetic interaction data suggest that Trl may have a role in control of homeotic gene activity.

(Schwendemann and Lehmann, 2002)

Trl protein forms oligomers both in vitro and in vivo. The formation of these oligomers, which exist in solution in the absence of DNA binding, requires the N-terminal POZ domain.

(Espinas et al., 1999)

The Trl POZ domain mediates strong co-operative binding to multiple Trl protein binding sites but inhibits binding to single sites. Trl protein oligomerisation thus increases binding specificity by selecting only promoters with multiple Trl protein binding sites.

(Katsani et al., 1999)

Trl- and Iswi-mediated disruption of the chromatin structure within the promoter region of ftz activates transcription on the chromatin template.

(Okada and Hirose, 1998)

Two major primary isoforms of Trl are identified, GAGA-519 and GAGA-581. The isoforms share an N-terminal protein-protein interaction domain and a DNA binding domain, but differ in their C-termini. Both isoforms exhibit a full spectrum of biological activities.

(Benyajati et al., 1997)

Silencing activity of the iab-7PRE in the bithorax complex is dependent upon Trl.

(Hagstrom et al., 1997)

Hsf interacts directly with Trl, Trl stabilises Hsf binding to heat shock elements (HSEs).

(Mason and Lis, 1997)

In tissue culture cells Trl protein is also bound at those PREs which contain Trl consensus-binding sites.

(Strutt et al., 1997)

The Trl gene product is required for a variety of developmental loci that contain GAGA binding sites in their upstream regulatory regions. The effects of mutation in Trl are consistent with a role in chromatin remodeling. Other defects suggest an additional, more global role in chromosome structure and function, related to the association of the GAGA protein with heterochromatic satellite sequences observed throughout the cell cycle.

(Bhat et al., 1996)

The single zinc finger domain from the Trl protein, along with a stretch of amino acids at the N terminus of the finger, is sufficient for specific DNA binding.

(Pedone et al., 1996)

The grh and Trl factors bind to the 11bp tor response element in the tll promoter, raising the possibility that they are involved in the regulation of tll expression. Trl may be required for early events in oogenesis.

(Liaw et al., 1995)

UV cross linking technique has been used to study the in vivo distribution of Trl protein on Hsp70 and Hsp26. Prior to heat shock Trl protein is associated with the promoter regions of the uninduced Hsp70 and Hsp26 genes. Upon heat shock induction Trl protein is recruited to their transcription units with its distribution coincident with that of RNA polymerase II.

(O'Brien et al., 1995)

Analysis of transcription from Hsp26 promoter deletion constructs indicates that Trl mediates anti-repression of the Hsp26 promoter in extracts from unstressed embryos, while Hsf activates the Hsp26 promoter in extracts from heat shocked embryos.

(Sandaltzopoulos et al., 1995)

Nucleosome remodelling factor is composed of at least four polypeptides that act in concert with the Trl transcription factor at the Hsp70 promoter.

(Tsukiyama and Wu, 1995)

Hsf and Trl can cause nucleosome rearrangements which may lead to a refinement of nucleosome positions, nucleosome remodeling is ATP-dependent.

(Wall et al., 1995)

Removal of the POZ (poxvirus and zinc finger) domain increases DNA binding affinity of the chromosome.

(Bardwell and Treisman, 1994)

Trl belongs to the trithorax group of genes, is required for normal expression of homeotic genes, for example Ubx, and is a modifier of position effect variegation.

(Farkas et al., 1994)

Trl encodes the GAGA factor which is involved in the formation of an accessible chromatin structure at promoter sequences.

(Farkas et al., 1994)

Trl binds to tubulin element 2 (TE2) and the intron of αTub84B, but not to tubulin element 1 (TE1).

(O'Donnell and Wensink, 1994)

Trl is associated with regions of heterochromatin throughout the cell cycle, probably via a direct interaction with a GA/CT rich subset of the highly repetitive DNA sequences found in heterochromatin. Trl can also associate with specific DNA sequences even when the DNA is highly compacted in the mitotic chromosomes.

(Raff et al., 1994)

Introduction of Trl protein during or after nucleosome assembly in vitro results in disruption of nucleosome structure at the Hsp70Aa promoter. Hsp70Aa promoter deletion analysis reveals that disruption of a preassembled nucleosome requires three or four GA/CT elements, nucleosome displacement requires at least two GA/CT elements.

(Tsukiyama et al., 1994)

Trl promotes chromatin rearrangement at heat shock loci.

(van Holde, 1994)

The Trl gene product is a multipurpose transcriptional activator which binds to (GA/CT)n sites in a host of promoters.

(van Holde, 1994)

Trl protein exists in multiple forms. Trl cDNA 5A activates transcription in transfected tissue culture cells in a binding site-dependent manner.

(Soeller et al., 1993)

Trl plays in role in the regulation of Ubx transcription.

(Laney and Biggin, 1992)

Trl counteracts His1-mediated repression of transcription.

(Croston et al., 1991)

The Trl protein probably acts as a transcriptional antirepressor of the Kr gene.

(Kerrigan et al., 1991)

Trl binds to eve regulatory sequences in vitro.

(Read et al., 1990)

The Trl product activates Ubx transcription selectively in a reconstituted in vitro reaction.

(Biggin and Tjian, 1988)

Origin and Etymology

Discoverer

Etymology

Identification

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 109 )

Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

2768981

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q08605

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Other crossreferences

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0013263

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures

Linkouts

ApoDroso - Functional genomic database for photoreceptor development, survival and function

12088-Trl[s2325]

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

77830

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

FBgn0013263

DPiM - Drosophila Protein interaction map

FBgn0013263

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0013263

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0013263

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies

FBgn0013263

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

CG9343-RB;CG9343-RE;CG13470-RA;CG9343-RA

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG33261

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0013263

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0013263

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

2768981

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.

2768981

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

Dmel_CG33261

modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project

FBgn0013263

SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.

Q08605

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (38)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

Adf-2

(Geer et al., 1993)

Adf-2-519

(Benyajati, 1994.12.12)

Adf2

(Benyajati et al., 1992)

CG33261

(Hosono et al., 2015, Dorogova et al., 2014, Neely et al., 2010, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Ardehali et al., 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Grieder et al., 2007, Quinones-Coello, 2007, FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2004)

CG9343

(Klebes et al., 2005)

E(var)3-trl

(Wallrath, 2000)

E(var)62

(Wallrath, 1998)

GAF

(Haines and Eisen, 2018, Kaye et al., 2018, Rennie et al., 2018, Wang et al., 2018, Boija et al., 2017, Ciabrelli et al., 2017, Cleard et al., 2017, El-Sharnouby et al., 2017, Kaye et al., 2017, Lomaev et al., 2017, Mourad et al., 2017, Pascual-Garcia et al., 2017, Urban et al., 2017, Chaharbakhshi and Jemc, 2016, Duarte et al., 2016, Khoroshko et al., 2016, Erokhin et al., 2015, Fuda et al., 2015, Magbanua et al., 2015, Wolle et al., 2015, Ho et al., 2014, McElroy et al., 2014, Pascual-Garcia et al., 2014, Van Bortle et al., 2014, Enderle and McNeill, 2013, Kellner et al., 2013, Kwak et al., 2013, Li and Zhou, 2013, Li et al., 2013, Mason-Suares et al., 2013, Oh et al., 2013, Rubin and Green, 2013, Schuettengruber and Cavalli, 2013, Tariq et al., 2013, Agelopoulos et al., 2012, Bartoletti et al., 2012, Bayarmagnai et al., 2012, Feller et al., 2012, Guertin et al., 2012, Holmqvist et al., 2012, Sakoparnig et al., 2012, Agrawal et al., 2011, Bonchuk et al., 2011, Demakov et al., 2011, Kharchenko et al., 2011, Nègre et al., 2011, Rach et al., 2011, Sultana et al., 2011, Vatolina et al., 2011, Vatolina et al., 2011, Deal et al., 2010, Filion et al., 2010, Guertin and Lis, 2010, Huen and Russell, 2010, modENCODE Consortium et al., 2010, Nègre et al., 2010, Schoborg and Labrador, 2010, The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, van Bemmel et al., 2010, van Steensel et al., 2010, Ardehali et al., 2009, Bartkuhn et al., 2009, Chen et al., 2009, Schuettengruber et al., 2009, Shevelyov et al., 2009, Chopra et al., 2008, Hauenschild et al., 2008, Petesch and Lis, 2008, Golovnin et al., 2007, Schuettengruber et al., 2007, Schwartz and Pirrotta, 2007, Hill, 2006, Martinez et al., 2006, Muller and Kassis, 2006, Negre et al., 2006, Salvaing et al., 2006, Tolhuis et al., 2006, Zhao et al., 2006, Brown et al., 2005, Zhao et al., 2005, Lund and van Lohuizen, 2004, Melnikova et al., 2004, Smith et al., 2004, Bloyer et al., 2003, Ishii and Laemmli, 2003, Sun et al., 2003, van Steensel et al., 2003, Dejardin and Cavalli, 2002, Huang et al., 2002, Leibovitch et al., 2002, Maurange and Paro, 2002, Schwendemann and Lehmann, 2002, Bejarano et al., 2001, Busturia et al., 2001, Katokhin et al., 2001, Martienssen, 2001, Patterson, 2001, van Steensel et al., 2001, van Steensel et al., 2001, Henikoff and Vermaak, 2000, Agianian et al., 1999, Wilkins and Lis, 1999, Lis, 1998, Pile and Cartwright, 1998, Wilkins and Lis, 1998, Baricheva et al., 1997, Wilkins and Lis, 1997, Todorovic et al., 1996, Sandaltzopoulos et al., 1995, Wall et al., 1995)

GAGA

(Kwon et al., 2016, Dorogova et al., 2014, Slattery et al., 2014, Di Croce and Helin, 2013, Piñeyro et al., 2013, Kvon et al., 2012, Riddle et al., 2012, Aran-Guiu et al., 2010, Font-Burgada et al., 2008, Vaquero et al., 2008, Kahn et al., 2006, Bonet et al., 2005, Canudas et al., 2005, Moon et al., 2005, Wu et al., 2005, Lehmann et al., 2004, Pagans et al., 2004, Schweinsberg et al., 2004, Erhardt et al., 2003, Furriols and Casanova, 2003, Lu et al., 2003, Mahmoudi et al., 2003, Salvaing et al., 2003, Simms et al., 2003, Duncan, 2002, Kosoy et al., 2002, Mahmoudi et al., 2002, Poux et al., 2002, Volpi et al., 2002, West et al., 2002, Bloyer et al., 2001, Granok et al., 2001, Greenberg and Schedl, 2001, Leibovitch et al., 2001, Mishra et al., 2001, Poux et al., 2001, Van Steensel et al., 2001, Xiao et al., 2001, Deuring et al., 2000, Espinas et al., 2000, Farkas et al., 2000, Jones and Kadonaga, 2000, Read et al., 2000, Argiropoulos and Brock, 1999, Bloyer et al., 1999, Cryderman et al., 1999, Espinas et al., 1999, Horard et al., 1999, Katsani et al., 1999, van Lohuizen, 1999, Weiler and Wakimoto, 1999, Brock and Hodgson, 1998, Cavalli and Paro, 1998, Csink and Henikoff, 1998, Gdula et al., 1998, Huang et al., 1998, Jimenez-Garcia et al., 1998, Lehmann et al., 1998, Lintermann et al., 1998, Platero et al., 1998, Wu et al., 1998, Baricheva et al., 1997, Breiling et al., 1997, Greenberg and Schedl, 1997, Greenblatt, 1997, Platero et al., 1997, Schwartz and Kornberg, 1997, Strutt et al., 1997, Bhat et al., 1996, Ito et al., 1996, Laney and Biggin, 1996, Pedone et al., 1996, Pedone et al., 1996, Treisman, 1996, Yamamoto et al., 1996, Bienz and Muller, 1995, Hu et al., 1995, Liaw et al., 1995, O'Brien et al., 1995, Sandaltzopoulos and Bonte, 1995, Shopland et al., 1995, Wallrath and Elgin, 1995, Bardwell and Treisman, 1994, Lu et al., 1993, TenHarmsel et al., 1993, Laney and Biggin, 1992, Lee et al., 1992, Lu et al., 1992, Croston et al., 1991, Kerrigan et al., 1991, Elgin, 1990, Read et al., 1990, Thummel, 1989)

GAGA factor

(McElroy et al., 2014, Ferree and Prasad, 2012, Riddle et al., 2012)

Gaf

(Sadasivam and Huang, 2018, Tsai et al., 2016, Ringrose and Paro, 2007, Moorman et al., 2006, Moorman et al., 2006, Birch-Machin et al., 2005, Varga-Weisz et al., 1995)

Gaga

(Wen and Lai, 1998)

LBC

(Cleard et al., 2017, Wolle et al., 2015)

NC70F

(Kokoza et al., 1991)

Nc70F

(Perelygina et al., 1993, Perelygina et al., 1992, Kokoza et al., 1991, Perelygina, 1991.5.24)

TRL

(Blatti et al., 2015, Kingston and Tamkun, 2014, Orsi et al., 2014, Cheng et al., 2013, Bartoletti et al., 2012, Riddle et al., 2012, Chang et al., 2007, Mukai et al., 2007)

TfGAGA/Adf-2

(Benyajati, 1994.10.28)

Trl

(Dasari et al., 2018, Kaye et al., 2018, Prange et al., 2018, Srivastava et al., 2018, Webber et al., 2018, Batut and Gingeras, 2017, Cleard et al., 2017, Houtz et al., 2017, Lee et al., 2017, Maini et al., 2017, Sharma et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Yeung et al., 2017, Dorogova et al., 2016, Kwon et al., 2016, Quijano et al., 2016, Dietz et al., 2015, Gene Disruption Project members, 2015-, Ghasemi et al., 2015, model organism Encyclopedia of Regulatory Network (modERN) Project, 2015-, Naval-Sánchez et al., 2015, Oktaba et al., 2015, Schertel et al., 2015, Zabidi et al., 2015, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, Boyle et al., 2014, Comoglio and Paro, 2014, Dorogova et al., 2014, Jiang and Singh, 2014, Rhee et al., 2014, Shlyueva et al., 2014, Aleksic et al., 2013, Darbo et al., 2013, Elgin and Reuter, 2013, Gisselbrecht et al., 2013, Karagodin et al., 2013, Lagha et al., 2013, Piñeyro et al., 2013, Vasanthi et al., 2013, Agelopoulos et al., 2012, Antao et al., 2012, Bartoletti et al., 2012, Bayarmagnai et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Kvon et al., 2012, Abruzzi et al., 2011, Carreira et al., 2011, Di Stefano et al., 2011, Fay et al., 2011, Nègre et al., 2011, Omelina et al., 2011, Pruteanu-Malinici et al., 2011, Rodriguez-Jato et al., 2011, Seong et al., 2011, Sultana et al., 2011, Toku et al., 2011, Baig et al., 2010, modENCODE Consortium et al., 2010, Saj et al., 2010, Smulders-Srinivasan et al., 2010, Vasanthi et al., 2010, Brody, 2009.03, Chen et al., 2009, Khan et al., 2009, Schaaf et al., 2009, Sing et al., 2009, Chopra et al., 2008, Dos-Santos et al., 2008, FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2008, Fujioka et al., 2008, González et al., 2008, Ogienko et al., 2008, Vázquez et al., 2008, Aerts et al., 2007, Bernués et al., 2007, Minidorff et al., 2007, Minidorff et al., 2007, Nakayama et al., 2007, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Ringrose and Paro, 2007, Secombe et al., 2007, Dworkin and Gibson, 2006, Dworkin and Gibson., 2006, Fedorova et al., 2006, Muller and Kassis, 2006, Bonet et al., 2005, Canudas et al., 2005, Tchoubrieva and Gibson, 2004, Balasov, 2002, Huang et al., 2002, Gim et al., 2001, Greenberg and Schedl, 2001, Hodgson et al., 2001, Katokhin et al., 2001, Trunova et al., 2001)

Trl-GAGA

(Mishra et al., 2003)

anon-EST:fe2E12

gaga

(Pai et al., 2004, Poux et al., 2001)

l(3)s2325

trl

(Kaye et al., 2017, Hadar et al., 2012, Fanti et al., 2008, Secombe et al., 2007, Kelley, 2004, Maixner et al., 1998)

Name Synonyms

Adh transcription factor 2

GAGA Factor

(Blythe and Wieschaus, 2015, Brown et al., 2005)

GAGA element

(Shopland et al., 1995, Lee et al., 1992)

GAGA factor

(Webber et al., 2018, Cleard et al., 2017, Lomaev et al., 2017, Duarte et al., 2016, Tsai et al., 2016, Magbanua et al., 2015, Mason-Suares et al., 2013, Tariq et al., 2013, Agelopoulos et al., 2012, Bayarmagnai et al., 2012, Nakayama et al., 2012, Bonchuk et al., 2011, Deal et al., 2010, Gurudatta et al., 2010, Huen and Russell, 2010, Kim et al., 2010, modENCODE Consortium et al., 2010, van Steensel et al., 2010, Vasanthi et al., 2010, Bartkuhn et al., 2009, Dhanasekaran et al., 2008, Kwong et al., 2008, Lee et al., 2008, Petesch and Lis, 2008, Bai et al., 2007, Dhanasekaran et al., 2007, Nakayama et al., 2007, Schuettengruber et al., 2007, Kahn et al., 2006, Moorman et al., 2006, Muller and Kassis, 2006, Negre et al., 2006, Tolhuis et al., 2006, Zhao et al., 2005, Fourel et al., 2004, Levine et al., 2004, Ringrose et al., 2004, Xin et al., 2004, Ishii and Laemmli, 2003, Kapetanaki et al., 2003, Mulholland et al., 2003, Orlando, 2003, Shimojima et al., 2003, Wu et al., 2003, Fourel et al., 2002, Leibovitch et al., 2002, Simon and Tamkun, 2002, Brock et al., 2001, Huckriede, 2001, Poux et al., 2001, Schweinsberg et al., 2001, Tchoubrieva and Gibson, 2001, Greenberg and Schedl, 2000, Horard et al., 2000, Leibovitch et al., 2000, Gao and Benyajati, 1998, Greenberg and Schedl, 1998, Klar, 1998, Okada and Hirose, 1998, Orlando et al., 1998, Schweinsberg et al., 1998, Anonymous, 1997, Benyajati et al., 1997, Leibovitch et al., 1997, Mason and Lis, 1997, Weber et al., 1997, Kingston et al., 1996, Marin et al., 1996, Kellum et al., 1995, Tsukiyama and Wu, 1995, Varga-Weisz et al., 1995, Wall et al., 1995, Becker, 1994, Granok et al., 1994, O'Donnell and Wensink, 1994, Kamakaka and Kadonaga, 1993, Krumm et al., 1993, Read and Manley, 1992, Biggin and Tjian, 1988)

GAGA transcription factor

(Wilkins and Lis, 1998, Benyajati, 1996.8.29, Soeller, 1993, Soeller et al., 1993)

GAGA-factor

(Boija and Mannervik, 2015, Bonchuk et al., 2015, Holmqvist et al., 2012, Hill, 2006)

Neural conserved at 70F

TRITHORAX-LIKE

(Chang et al., 2007)

Trithorax like

(Rodriguez-Jato et al., 2011, Chopra et al., 2008)