FB2019_06, released Dec 19, 2019

Gene: Dmel\Trl

Open Close
General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Trl
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Trithorax-like
Annotation Symbol
CG33261
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0013263
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
38 publicly available
Gene Snapshot
Trithorax-like (Trl) encodes a GAGA transcription factor involved in chromatin modification. It contributes to cell division, dosage compensation and gametogenesis. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Other Summaries
Also Known As
GAF, GAGA, GAGA factor, Nc70F, GAGA transcription factor
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
3L:14,747,929..14,761,049 [-]
Recombination map
3-42
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Molecular Function (GO)
[Detailed GO annotations]
Experimental Evidence
chromatin binding; DNA binding; DNA-binding transcription factor activity; POZ domain binding; protein binding; protein heterodimerization activity; protein homodimerization activity; sequence-specific DNA binding; transcription factor binding
Predictions / Assertions
-
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
POLYCOMB GROUP RECRUITERS/DNA-BINDING PROTEINS -
The Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are epigenetic regulators, best characterized for the repression of Hox gene expression. In Drosophila, PcG proteins repress their target genes by binding to specific DNA elements called Polycomb Response Elements (PREs). PcG DNA binding proteins contribute to the recruitment of Polycomb complexes to PREs. (Adapted from FBrf0228921).
C2H2 ZINC FINGER TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS -
Zinc finger C2H2 transcription factors are sequence-specific DNA binding proteins that regulate transcription. They possess DNA-binding domains that are formed from repeated Cys2His2 zinc finger motifs. (Adapted from PMID:1835093, FBrf0220103 and FBrf0155739).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Transcriptional activator that functions by regulating chromatin structure. Overcomes the repressive effects of chromatin by promoting the open chromatin conformation in promoter gene regions, thereby allowing access to other transcription factors. Binds to DNA Polycomb response elements (PREs) at the bithorax complex and to the proximal region of the engrailed promoter, and positively regulates transcription of many genes including homeotic ones. Binds to the DNA sequence (GA)n, with optimal binding to the pentamer 5'-GAGAG-3'. Binds DNA as an oligomer. May also act as a transcriptional repressor, maintaining the repressed state of genes including lolal, and down-regulating its own transcription. Required for dosage compensation in males and may be involved in oogenesis. Also has a role in nuclear division.
(UniProt, Q08605)
Summary (Interactive Fly)
transcription factor - GAGA - Zinc finger - BTD domain - a chromatin modifying protein - cell division, dosage compensation and gametogenesis
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
10
Number of Unique Polypeptides
5

Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Trl or the JBrowse view of Dmel\Trl for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Comments on Gene Model
gene_with_dicistronic_mRNA ; SO:0000722
Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.
Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.
Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.
Gene model reviewed during 5.46
Gene model reviewed during 5.55
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
gene_with_dicistronic_mRNA
(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2008)
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Trl-RA
FBtr0075705
NM_206358
3197
582
Trl-RB
FBtr0075707
NM_206356
4441
519
Trl-RC
FBtr0075708
NM_206355
1977
519
Trl-RD
FBtr0075706
NM_206357
4015
519
Trl-RE
FBtr0075704
NM_206359
2156
519
Trl-RF
FBtr0075703
NM_206360
2613
582
Trl-RH
FBtr0100444
NM_001038925
1911
519
Trl-RI
FBtr0100445
NM_001038926
3806
567
Trl-RJ
FBtr0333045
NM_001038924
3814
608
Trl-RK
FBtr0333046
NM_001274917
3145
623
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Trl-PA
FBpp0089417
62.6
582
8.68
NP_996080
AAF49709
Trl-PB
FBpp0089419
54.8
519
8.13
NP_996078
AAF49710
Trl-PC
FBpp0089411
54.8
519
8.13
NP_996077
AAN11799
Trl-PD
FBpp0089418
54.8
519
8.13
NP_996079
AAF49711
Trl-PE
FBpp0089416
54.8
519
8.13
NP_996081
AAN11800
Trl-PF
FBpp0089415
62.6
582
8.68
NP_996082
AAS65007
Trl-PH
FBpp0099866
54.8
519
8.13
NP_001034014
ABC66145
Trl-PI
FBpp0099867
60.4
567
9.55
NP_001034015
ABC66143
Trl-PJ
FBpp0305259
64.2
608
8.67
NP_001034013
ABC66144
Trl-PK
FBpp0305260
66.4
623
7.72
NP_001261846
AGB94539
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

582 aa isoforms: Trl-PA, Trl-PF
519 aa isoforms: Trl-PB, Trl-PC, Trl-PD, Trl-PE, Trl-PH
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
120 (kD)
(Benyajati et al., 1992)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
Interacts with Bin1, lolal, corto, ttk and ph-p (PubMed:11256608, PubMed:12384587, PubMed:12834867, PubMed:12771214). Interacts with FACT subunits Ssrp and dre4/SPT16 (PubMed:12815073). Interacts with E(bx) (PubMed:11583616). Upon ecdysone stimulation, interacts with Nup98 (PubMed:28366641).
(UniProt, Q08605)
Post Translational Modification
The N-terminus is blocked.
(UniProt, Q08605)
Domain
The N-terminal BTB domain mediates protein oligomerization. The C-terminal glutamine-rich region is required for transcriptional activation activity.
(UniProt, Q08605)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
 
UniProt
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Trl using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Gene Ontology (30 terms)
Molecular Function (9 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (9 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
chromatin binding
inferred from direct assay
(Chopra et al., 2008)
DNA binding
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(van Steensel et al., 2003, Benyajati et al., 1997, Soeller et al., 1993)
inferred from direct assay
(Ogiyama et al., 2018, Bonchuk et al., 2011, Chen et al., 2009, Mahmoudi et al., 2002)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Read et al., 2000)
POZ domain binding
inferred from direct assay
(Bonchuk et al., 2011)
protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q7KRI2
(assigned by UniProt )
(Mishra et al., 2003)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Ssrp; FB:FBgn0010278
(Shimojima et al., 2003)
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:P17789
(assigned by UniProt )
(Pagans et al., 2002)
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:P41046
(assigned by UniProt )
(Salvaing et al., 2003)
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9VCH5
(assigned by UniProt )
(Pascual-Garcia et al., 2017)
protein heterodimerization activity
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q08605
(assigned by UniProt )
(Benyajati et al., 1997)
protein homodimerization activity
inferred from direct assay
(Bonchuk et al., 2011, Mahmoudi et al., 2002)
sequence-specific DNA binding
inferred from direct assay
(Ogiyama et al., 2018, Mulholland et al., 2003)
transcription factor binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:bip2; FB:FBgn0026262
(Chopra et al., 2008)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (17 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (15 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
chromatin assembly
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Benyajati et al., 1997)
dosage compensation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Greenberg et al., 2004)
imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Dworkin and Gibson, 2006)
negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Hsf; FB:FBgn0001222
(Chen et al., 2009)
nuclear division
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Bhat et al., 1996)
nucleosome organization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Tsai et al., 2016)
oogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ogienko et al., 2008)
positive regulation of chromatin silencing
inferred from direct assay
(Mulholland et al., 2003)
positive regulation of phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Tsai et al., 2016)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Tsai et al., 2016, Chopra et al., 2008)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:bip2; FB:FBgn0026262
(Chopra et al., 2008)
positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Benyajati et al., 1997, Soeller et al., 1993)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Chen et al., 2009)
protein complex oligomerization
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Espinas et al., 1999)
response to ecdysone
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Pascual-Garcia et al., 2017)
spermatogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Dorogova et al., 2014)
syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Bhat et al., 1996)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
chromatin organization
non-traceable author statement
(Read et al., 2000)
positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
traceable author statement
(Lehmann, 2004)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001135010
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Cellular Component (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
euchromatin
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Benyajati et al., 1997)
nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Chopra et al., 2008, Mulholland et al., 2003, Read et al., 2000, Bhat et al., 1996)
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Benyajati et al., 1997, Soeller et al., 1993)
pericentric heterochromatin
inferred from direct assay
(Read et al., 2000)
polytene chromosome
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Benyajati et al., 1997)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001135010
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
pericentric heterochromatin
traceable author statement
(Read et al., 2000)
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
dorsal ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
anterior midgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal epidermis primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
foregut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
hindgut proper primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior midgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
somatic muscle primordium

Comment: reported as muscle system primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visceral muscle primordium

Comment: reported as muscle system primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
tracheal primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic brain
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic foregut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic hindgut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval midgut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval muscle system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval nervous system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval salivary gland
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval somatic muscle
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval visceral muscle
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord
(Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Trl in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, and Transgenic Constructs
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 76 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 24 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Trl
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Trl
Deletions and Duplications ( 10 )
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
lethal, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
lethal (with Trl13C)
lethal (with Trl81.1)
lethal (with Trl109.2)
lethal (with TrlR67)
lethal | female limited, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
lethal | female limited | cold sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
lethal | germline clone
lethal | larval stage
lethal | male (with Trl2.3)
lethal | male (with Trl13C)
lethal | male (with Trl62)
lethal | maternal effect | recessive
lethal | recessive
lethal | recessive, with Scer\GAL4- :
lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive
lethal - all die before end of P-stage
lethal - all die before end of P-stage (with Trl13C)
lethal - all die before end of P-stage (with TrlDH34)
lethal - all die during larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
partially lethal | female (with Trl2.3)
partially lethal | female (with Trl13C)
partially lethal | female (with Trl62)
partially lethal | male limited, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
partially lethal | male limited | cold sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
partially lethal | recessive
partially lethal - majority die
partially lethal - majority die (with Trl1-72)
partially lethal - majority die (with Trl3-23)
partially lethal - majority die (with Trl3-59)
partially lethal - majority die (with Trl3-85)
partially lethal - majority die (with TrlR85)
partially lethal - majority die | conditional
partially lethal - majority die | embryonic stage | maternal effect
partially lethal - majority die | heat sensitive (with Trl1-23)
partially lethal - majority die | heat sensitive (with TrlR85)
partially lethal - majority die | maternal effect, with TrlHsp83.GAGA-519/Trl109.2
partially lethal - majority die | maternal effect, with TrlR67/Trl109.2
partially lethal - majority die | maternal effect (with Trl109.2), with Trl81.1
partially lethal - majority die | maternal effect (with Trl109.2), with TrlHsp83.GAGA-581
partially lethal - majority die | maternal effect (with TrlHsp83.GAGA-519), with Trl81.1
partially lethal - majority die | maternal effect (with TrlR67), with TrlHsp83.GAGA-581
partially lethal - majority die | recessive
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Sterility
Allele
female semi-sterile
female sterile
female sterile (with Trlen82)
female sterile (with TrlR85)
female sterile germline-dependent | germline clone
male fertile
male fertile (with Trlen82)
male fertile (with TrlR85)
male semi-sterile (with Trl362)
male semi-sterile (with TrlR85)
male sterile (with Trlex15)
male sterile (with TrlR85)
semi-fertile
semi-fertile, with TrlHsp83.GAGA-519/Trl109.2
semi-fertile, with TrlR67/Trl109.2
semi-fertile (with Trl109.2), with Trl81.1
semi-fertile (with Trl109.2), with TrlHsp83.GAGA-581
semi-fertile (with TrlHsp83.GAGA-519), with Trl81.1
semi-fertile (with TrlR67), with TrlHsp83.GAGA-581
sterile
Other Phenotypes
Allele
cell migration defective (with Trlex15)
cell migration defective (with TrlR85)
decreased fecundity | female
enhancer of variegation
enhancer of variegation, with In(1)wm4
enhancer of variegation, with In(2R)bwVDe2
enhancer of variegation | dominant, with In(1)wm4
enhancer of variegation | dominant, with In(1)wm4h
enhancer of variegation | dominant, with T(2;3)ltX13
homeotic
homeotic, with TrlHsp83.GAGA-519/Trl109.2
homeotic, with TrlR67/Trl109.2
homeotic (with Trl109.2), with Trl81.1
homeotic (with Trl109.2), with TrlHsp83.GAGA-581
homeotic (with TrlHsp83.GAGA-519), with Trl81.1
homeotic (with TrlR67), with TrlHsp83.GAGA-581
homeotic | dominant
meiotic cell cycle defective
non-suppressor of variegation, with In(1)wm4
non-suppressor of variegation, with In(2LR)ltG10
non-suppressor of variegation | dominant, with In(2L)ltX2
pain response defective | adult stage, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
short lived | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
size defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ey.PU
size defective | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4ey.PU
some die during embryonic stage | maternal effect, with TrlHsp83.GAGA-519/Trl109.2
some die during embryonic stage | maternal effect, with TrlR67/Trl109.2
some die during embryonic stage | maternal effect (with Trl109.2), with Trl81.1
some die during embryonic stage | maternal effect (with Trl109.2), with TrlHsp83.GAGA-581
some die during embryonic stage | maternal effect (with TrlHsp83.GAGA-519), with Trl81.1
some die during embryonic stage | maternal effect (with TrlR67), with TrlHsp83.GAGA-581
some die during larval stage | recessive
visible, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4nub.PK
visible | dominant
visible | homeotic
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
abdominal segment 5 | ectopic
abdominal segment 5 | ectopic, with TrlHsp83.GAGA-519/Trl109.2
abdominal segment 5 | ectopic, with TrlR67/Trl109.2
abdominal segment 5 | ectopic (with Trl109.2), with Trl81.1
abdominal segment 5 | ectopic (with Trl109.2), with TrlHsp83.GAGA-581
abdominal segment 5 | ectopic (with TrlHsp83.GAGA-519), with Trl81.1
abdominal segment 5 | ectopic (with TrlR67), with TrlHsp83.GAGA-581
abdominal segment 6
abdominal segment 6, with TrlHsp83.GAGA-519/Trl109.2
abdominal segment 6, with TrlR67/Trl109.2
abdominal segment 6 (with Trl109.2), with Trl81.1
abdominal segment 6 (with Trl109.2), with TrlHsp83.GAGA-581
abdominal segment 6 (with TrlHsp83.GAGA-519), with Trl81.1
abdominal segment 6 (with TrlR67), with TrlHsp83.GAGA-581
actin filament
actin filament (with Trlen82)
actin filament (with TrlR85)
adult abdominal segment 5 | ectopic
adult abdominal segment 6
adult heart, with Scer\GAL4HCH.Hand
chromatin
chromatin, with Scer\GAL4- :
denticle belt
dorsal appendage (with Trlen82)
dorsal appendage (with TrlR85)
egg
egg (with Trlen82)
egg (with TrlR85)
egg chamber
egg chamber, with Scer\GAL4- :
egg chamber (with Trlen82)
egg chamber (with TrlR85)
embryo | anterior
eye
eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
eye | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ey.PU
eye | somatic clone
eye disc | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4ey.PU
eye disc posterior compartment | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4ey.PU
germline cell (with Trlex15)
germline cell (with TrlR85)
imaginal disc (with Trl13C)
imaginal disc (with TrlR85)
macrochaeta | somatic clone
maxillary palpus | somatic clone
mesothoracic tergum | somatic clone
microchaeta & abdominal segment 6 | ectopic
microchaeta | somatic clone
micropyle
mitochondrion (with Trl362)
mitochondrion (with Trlex15)
mitochondrion (with TrlR85)
mitosis & nuclear chromosome
mitosis & nuclear chromosome, with Scer\GAL4- :
nurse cell (with Trlen82)
nurse cell (with TrlR85)
ommatidium | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ey.PU
oocyte (with Trlen82)
oocyte (with TrlR85)
ovary (with Trlen82)
ovary (with TrlR85)
polar primary spermatocyte (with Trl362)
polar primary spermatocyte (with TrlR85)
polytene chromosome, with Scer\GAL4dpp.PU
proboscis | somatic clone
sex comb
sex comb | somatic clone
spermatocyte (with Trl362)
spermatocyte (with TrlR85)
spermatogonium (with Trl362)
spermatogonium (with Trlex15)
spermatogonium (with TrlR85)
testis (with Trl362)
testis (with Trlex15)
testis (with TrlR85)
trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
wing
wing, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing, with Scer\GAL4nub.PK
wing | male limited, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing | male limited | cold sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing | somatic clone
wing margin
wing margin, with TrlHsp83.GAGA.lacZ
wing margin, with TrlR67
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)
Homo sapiens (Human) (16)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Hsap\BCL6B
1 of 15
Yes
Yes
Hsap\BCL6
1 of 15
Yes
Yes
 
Hsap\BTBD18
1 of 15
Yes
Yes
Hsap\MYNN
1 of 15
Yes
No
Hsap\NACC1
1 of 15
Yes
No
Hsap\NACC2
1 of 15
Yes
No
Hsap\ZBTB2
1 of 15
Yes
Yes
Hsap\ZBTB3
1 of 15
Yes
Yes
Hsap\ZBTB14
1 of 15
Yes
Yes
Hsap\ZBTB17
1 of 15
Yes
No
Hsap\ZBTB38
1 of 15
Yes
No
Hsap\ZBTB40
1 of 15
Yes
Yes
Hsap\ZBTB44
1 of 15
Yes
Yes
Hsap\ZBTB46
1 of 15
Yes
Yes
Hsap\ZBTB48
1 of 15
Yes
Yes
Hsap\ZBTB49
1 of 15
Yes
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (11)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Mmus\Bcl6b
1 of 15
Yes
No
Mmus\Nacc2
1 of 15
Yes
No
Mmus\Zbtb9
1 of 15
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Zbtb16
1 of 15
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Zbtb17
1 of 15
Yes
No
Mmus\Zbtb21
1 of 15
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Zbtb39
1 of 15
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Zbtb42
1 of 15
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Zbtb43
1 of 15
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Zbtb44
1 of 15
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Zbtb49
1 of 15
Yes
Yes
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (9)
Rnor\Bcl6b
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Nacc2
1 of 13
Yes
No
Rnor\Zbtb7a
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Zbtb37
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Zbtb39
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Zbtb42
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Zbtb43
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Zbtb44
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Zbtb48
1 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (8)
Xtro\gzf1
1 of 12
Yes
Yes
Xtro\hic1
1 of 12
Yes
Yes
Xtro\hic2
1 of 12
Yes
Yes
Xtro\zbtb2
1 of 12
Yes
Yes
Xtro\zbtb7b
1 of 12
Yes
Yes
Xtro\zbtb43
1 of 12
Yes
Yes
Xtro\zbtb49
1 of 12
Yes
Yes
Xtro\znf238.2
1 of 12
Yes
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (4)
Drer\bcl6ab
2 of 15
Yes
Yes
Drer\hic2
1 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\zbtb8b
1 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\zbtb49
1 of 15
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
No records found.
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
No records found.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
No records found.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
No records found.
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG0919089I )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
AAA Syntenic Ortholog
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly
Dmel\Trl
Drosophila suzukii
Spotted wing Drosophila
Dsuz\DS10_00004078
Drosophila simulans
Dsim\GD12604
Drosophila sechellia
Dsec\GM24533
Drosophila erecta
Dere\GG13712
Drosophila yakuba
Dyak\GE28351
Drosophila ananassae
Dana\GF25184
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
Dpse\GA23656
Drosophila willistoni
Dwil\GK10585
Drosophila virilis
Dvir\Trl
Drosophila mojavensis
Dmoj\GI13806
Drosophila grimshawi
Dgri\GH16792
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091507EK )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Musca domestica
House fly
Mdoa\17009850
Glossina morsitans
Tsetse fly
Gmor\GMOY001636
Lucilia cuprina
Australian sheep blowfly
Lcup\FF38_11979
Mayetiola destructor
Hessian fly
Mdes\Mdes011475
Aedes aegypti
Yellow fever mosquito
Aaeg\AAEL000970
Anopheles darlingi
American malaria mosquito
Adar\ADAC009315
Anopheles gambiae
Malaria mosquito
Agam\AGAP011583
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\CPIJ001236
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W07Q0 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Apis florea
Little honeybee
Aflo\2830194772
Apis mellifera
Western honey bee
Amel\GB53920
Bombus impatiens
Common eastern bumble bee
Bimp\BIMP23311
Bombus terrestris
Buff-tailed bumblebee
Bter\15207736
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH12435
Megachile rotundata
Alfalfa leafcutting bee
Mrot\MROTU:0020f1
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG011311
Rhodnius prolixus
Kissing bug
Rpro\RPRC007898
Zootermopsis nevadensis
Nevada dampwood termite
Znev\Znev_03502
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( None identified )
No non-Insect Arthropod orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( None identified )
No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v7.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (22)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
orthoMCL
Panther
RoundUp
Alignment
bab1
4 of 10
CG34376
4 of 10
bab2
3 of 10
br
3 of 10
CG3726
3 of 10
CG8924
3 of 10
CG12236
3 of 10
CG32121
3 of 10
chinmo
3 of 10
fru
3 of 10
lolal
3 of 10
lola
3 of 10
lov
3 of 10
mamo
3 of 10
psq
3 of 10
rib
3 of 10
ttk
3 of 10
ab
2 of 10
BtbVII
2 of 10
CG6118
2 of 10
CG6765
1 of 10
mod(mdg4)
1 of 10
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Model Summary Ribbon
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
    Select Layout:
    Legend:
    Protein
    RNA
    Selected Interactor(s)
    Interactions Browser
    View in Interactions Browser
    Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
    protein-protein
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    Trl
    protein cross-linking with a bifunctional reagent, anti tag western blot, molecular sieving, molecular weight estimation by staining, two hybrid, pull down, competition binding, tag visualisation, comigration in non denaturing gel electrophoresis, cross-linking study
    (Kazemian et al., 2013, Bonchuk et al., 2011, Katsani et al., 1999)
    Trl - Act5C
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
    (Nakayama et al., 2012)
    Trl - Adf1
    anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, western blot
    (Lomaev et al., 2017)
    Trl - Bap55
    anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, Identification by mass spectrometry
    (Lomaev et al., 2017, Nakayama et al., 2012)
    Trl - Bap60
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
    (Nakayama et al., 2012)
    Trl - Blos1
    two hybrid array
    (Shokri et al., 2019)
    Trl - CG10654
    two hybrid array
    (Shokri et al., 2019)
    Trl - CG12155
    pull down, tag visualisation
    (Kazemian et al., 2013)
    Trl - CG2199
    anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, two hybrid
    (Lomaev et al., 2017)
    Trl - CG2889
    two hybrid array
    (Shokri et al., 2019)
    Trl - CG8924
    anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, two hybrid
    (Lomaev et al., 2017)
    Trl - E(bx)
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
    (Nakayama et al., 2012)
    Trl - E(z)
    anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, western blot
    (Lomaev et al., 2017)
    Trl - E2f1
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
    (Bayarmagnai et al., 2012)
    Trl - Gug
    anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
    (Yeung et al., 2017)
    Trl - HDAC1
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
    (Nakayama et al., 2012)
    Trl - Hira
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation
    (Nakayama et al., 2012, Nakayama et al., 2007)
    Trl - Hr78
    two hybrid array
    (Shokri et al., 2019)
    Trl - Iswi
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, Identification by mass spectrometry
    (Lomaev et al., 2017, Nakayama et al., 2012)
    Trl - MEP-1
    anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, two hybrid
    (Lomaev et al., 2017)
    Trl - Mi-2
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
    (Nakayama et al., 2012)
    Trl - Nup98-96
    anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
    (Pascual-Garcia et al., 2017)
    Trl - Pc
    anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, autoradiography
    (Poux et al., 2001)
    Trl - Rbf
    anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
    (Bayarmagnai et al., 2012)
    Trl - Snr1
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
    (Nakayama et al., 2012)
    Trl - Ssrp
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, peptide massfingerprinting, pull down, anti tag western blot
    (Nakayama et al., 2012, Shimojima et al., 2003)
    Trl - Su(z)12
    anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, Identification by mass spectrometry
    (Lomaev et al., 2017)
    Trl - Ubx
    bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy
    (Bischof et al., 2018)
    Trl - Zif
    two hybrid array
    (Shokri et al., 2019)
    Trl - abd-A
    bimolecular fluorescence complementation, fluorescence microscopy
    (Bischof et al., 2018)
    Trl - bab1
    two hybrid array
    (Shokri et al., 2019)
    Trl - bab2
    two hybrid, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
    (Lomaev et al., 2017)
    Trl - bip2
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, two hybrid
    (Chopra et al., 2008)
    Trl - brm
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
    (Nakayama et al., 2012)
    Trl - cbt
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
    (Ruiz-Romero et al., 2015)
    Trl - corto
    pull down, autoradiography, two hybrid
    (Salvaing et al., 2003)
    Trl - dre4
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, western blot
    (Nakayama et al., 2012, Shimojima et al., 2003)
    Trl - drm
    two hybrid array
    (Shokri et al., 2019)
    Trl - esc
    anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, autoradiography
    (Poux et al., 2001)
    Trl - foxo
    two hybrid array
    (Shokri et al., 2019)
    Trl - fs(1)h
    pull down, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation
    (Kellner et al., 2013)
    Trl - ken
    pull down, tag visualisation
    (Kazemian et al., 2013)
    Trl - kis
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
    (Nakayama et al., 2012)
    Trl - kn
    two hybrid array
    (Shokri et al., 2019)
    Trl - lola
    two hybrid, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
    (Lomaev et al., 2017)
    Trl - lolal
    two hybrid, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
    (Lomaev et al., 2017, Bonchuk et al., 2011)
    Trl - mod(mdg4)
    anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, two hybrid, Identification by mass spectrometry
    (Lomaev et al., 2017, Bonchuk et al., 2011, Pai et al., 2004)
    Trl - mor
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
    (Nakayama et al., 2012)
    Trl - pho
    two hybrid array
    (Shokri et al., 2019)
    Trl - polybromo
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
    (Nakayama et al., 2012)
    Trl - psq
    two hybrid, experimental knowledge based
    (Bonchuk et al., 2011, Guruharsha et al., 2011)
    Trl - pzg
    two hybrid array, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, Identification by mass spectrometry, two hybrid
    (Shokri et al., 2019, Lomaev et al., 2017)
    Trl - tho2
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
    (Nakayama et al., 2012)
    Trl - thoc6
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
    (Nakayama et al., 2012)
    Trl - ttk
    anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, two hybrid, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based, pull down, autoradiography
    (Rhee et al., 2014, Bonchuk et al., 2011, Pagans et al., 2002)
    Trl - yki
    anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down, anti tag western blot, peptide massfingerprinting, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation
    (Oh et al., 2013)
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    esyN Network Key:
    Suppression
    Enhancement
    View in Interactions Browser
    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Ubx|Trl
    enhanceable
    bip2
    (Chopra et al., 2008)
    Trl
    enhanceable
    corto
    (Lopez et al., 2001)
    Trl
    suppressible
    E(bx)
    (Tsai et al., 2016)
    Trl
    enhanceable
    mle|msl-1|msl-2
    (Greenberg et al., 2004)
    Trl
    enhanceable
    mod(mdg4)
    (Gerasimova and Corces, 1998)
    Trl
    enhanceable
    msl-1
    (Greenberg et al., 2004)
    Trl
    suppressible
    msl-2
    (Greenberg et al., 2004)
    Trl
    enhanceable
    msl-2
    (Greenberg et al., 2004)
    Trl
    suppressible
    Nelf-A
    (Tsai et al., 2016)
    Trl
    suppressible
    Nelf-E
    (Tsai et al., 2016)
    Ubx|Trl
    enhanceable
    pho
    (Bejarano and Busturia, 2004)
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Abd-B
    suppressible
    Trl
    (Bejarano and Busturia, 2004)
    ash1|trx
    enhanceable
    Trl
    (Gildea et al., 2000)
    brm|trx
    enhanceable
    Trl
    (Gildea et al., 2000)
    corto
    enhanceable
    Trl
    (Lopez et al., 2001)
    CycE
    suppressible
    Trl
    (Brumby et al., 2004, Brumby et al., 2002)
    dpp|lolal
    suppressible
    Trl
    (Quijano et al., 2016)
    E(z)
    enhanceable
    Trl
    (Bajusz et al., 2001)
    E(z)
    suppressible
    Trl
    (Bajusz et al., 2001)
    mod(mdg4)|y
    enhanceable
    Trl
    (Gerasimova and Corces, 1998)
    Pc
    enhanceable
    Trl
    (Busturia et al., 2001, Strutt et al., 1997)
    Ras85D|sev
    suppressible
    Trl
    (Maixner et al., 1998)
    sd
    suppressible
    Trl
    (Canudas et al., 2005)
    Ubx
    enhanceable
    Trl
    (Bejarano and Busturia, 2004, Shimojima et al., 2003, Farkas et al., 1994)
    External Data
    Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
    Interacts with Bin1, lolal, corto, ttk and ph-p (PubMed:11256608, PubMed:12384587, PubMed:12834867, PubMed:12771214). Interacts with FACT subunits Ssrp and dre4/SPT16 (PubMed:12815073). Interacts with E(bx) (PubMed:11583616). Upon ecdysone stimulation, interacts with Nup98 (PubMed:28366641).
    (UniProt, Q08605 )
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
    MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    External Data
    Linkouts
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    3L
    Recombination map
    3-42
    Cytogenetic map
    70F4-70F4
    Sequence location
    3L:14,747,929..14,761,049 [-]
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    70F4-70F4
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    70E-70F
    (Benyajati, 1994.10.28, Soeller, 1993)
    70F-70F
    (Perelygina, 1991.5.24)
    70F1-70F2
    (Katokhin, 1998.3.17)
    70F1-70F4
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    (Spradling et al., 1999)
    70F-70F
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    (Sekelsky et al., 1999, Kokoza et al., 1991)
    70F1-70F2
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    (Farkas et al., 1994)
    70F1-70F4
    (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
    70E-70F
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    (Dorn et al., 1993)
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location
    3-42
    (FlyBase, 2016)
    3-36.3
    (Comeron et al., 2012)
    3-
    (Dorn et al., 1993)
    Left of (cM)
    (Brumby et al., 2004)
    Right of (cM)
    (Brumby et al., 2004)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (38)
    Genomic Clones (19)
    cDNA Clones (147)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequences
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
    GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
     
    polyclonal
    (Lomaev et al., 2017, Tsai et al., 2016, Bonchuk et al., 2015, Kasinathan et al., 2014)
    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Other Information
    Relationship to Other Genes
    Source for database identify of
    Source for identity of: Trl CG9343
    (Bayraktaroglu, 1999.11)
    Source for database merge of
    Source for merge of: Trl anon- EST:fe2E12
    (Bayraktaroglu, 2000.11.2)
    Source for merge of: Trl Nc70F
    (FlyBase, 1996-)
    Additional comments
    This gene was originally designated as 'trithorax-like' ('Trl') residing in the left arm of the third chromosome, based on the observation that some mutant alleles could cause homeotic transformations like mutations in trx (FBrf0076985). However, this assignment is not supported by subsequent reports (FBrf0107412, FBrf0155709). Indeed, the homeotic effect is lost when the right arm of the third chromosome of the original alleles is replaced by a genetically marked WT chromosome (unpublished data). To avoid potential confusion, we refer to the gene as 'GAGA factor' ('Gaf').
    (Tsai et al., 2016)
    One or more of the processed transcripts for this gene contain(s) two non-overlapping open reading frames (ORFs). The non-overlapping ORFs are represented by Trl and CG42507.
    (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2008)
    Annotation CG33260 has been re-extended to its original form (corresponding to the annotation originally named CG13470) in release 5.1 of the genome annotation. The 3' end of release 5.1 annotation CG33260 (including some of the CDS) overlaps the 5' UTR of the neighbouring release 5.1 Trl annotation which is on the same strand.
    (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2006)
    Source for merge of Trl Nc70F was sequence comparison ( date:000202 ).
    (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2004, FlyBase, 1996-)
    Other Comments
    DNA-protein interactions: genome-wide binding profile assayed for Trl protein in 0-12 hr embryos; see mE1_TFBS_Trl collection report.
    (Negre et al., 2011)
    DNA-protein interactions: genome-wide binding profile assayed for Trl protein in Kc167 cells; see Chromatin_types_NKI collection report. Individual protein-binding experiments listed under "Samples" at GEO_GSE22069 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE22069).
    (Filion et al., 2010)
    DNA-protein interactions: genome-wide binding profile assayed for Trl protein in 0-12 hr embryos. Individual protein-binding experiments listed under "Samples" at GEO: 16245 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE16245).
    (Nègre et al., 2010)
    RNAi generated by PCR using primers directed to this gene causes a cell growth and viability phenotype when assayed in Kc167 and S2R+ cells.
    (Boutros et al., 2004)
    RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene causes a cell growth and viability phenotype when assayed in Kc167 and S2R+ cells.
    (Boutros et al., 2004)
    Trl is required for dosage compensation in males.
    (Greenberg et al., 2004)
    Genetic interaction data suggest that Trl may have a role in control of homeotic gene activity.
    (Schwendemann and Lehmann, 2002)
    Trl protein forms oligomers both in vitro and in vivo. The formation of these oligomers, which exist in solution in the absence of DNA binding, requires the N-terminal POZ domain.
    (Espinas et al., 1999)
    The Trl POZ domain mediates strong co-operative binding to multiple Trl protein binding sites but inhibits binding to single sites. Trl protein oligomerisation thus increases binding specificity by selecting only promoters with multiple Trl protein binding sites.
    (Katsani et al., 1999)
    Trl- and Iswi-mediated disruption of the chromatin structure within the promoter region of ftz activates transcription on the chromatin template.
    (Okada and Hirose, 1998)
    Two major primary isoforms of Trl are identified, GAGA-519 and GAGA-581. The isoforms share an N-terminal protein-protein interaction domain and a DNA binding domain, but differ in their C-termini. Both isoforms exhibit a full spectrum of biological activities.
    (Benyajati et al., 1997)
    Silencing activity of the iab-7PRE in the bithorax complex is dependent upon Trl.
    (Hagstrom et al., 1997)
    Hsf interacts directly with Trl, Trl stabilises Hsf binding to heat shock elements (HSEs).
    (Mason and Lis, 1997)
    In tissue culture cells Trl protein is also bound at those PREs which contain Trl consensus-binding sites.
    (Strutt et al., 1997)
    The Trl gene product is required for a variety of developmental loci that contain GAGA binding sites in their upstream regulatory regions. The effects of mutation in Trl are consistent with a role in chromatin remodeling. Other defects suggest an additional, more global role in chromosome structure and function, related to the association of the GAGA protein with heterochromatic satellite sequences observed throughout the cell cycle.
    (Bhat et al., 1996)
    The single zinc finger domain from the Trl protein, along with a stretch of amino acids at the N terminus of the finger, is sufficient for specific DNA binding.
    (Pedone et al., 1996)
    The grh and Trl factors bind to the 11bp tor response element in the tll promoter, raising the possibility that they are involved in the regulation of tll expression. Trl may be required for early events in oogenesis.
    (Liaw et al., 1995)
    UV cross linking technique has been used to study the in vivo distribution of Trl protein on Hsp70 and Hsp26. Prior to heat shock Trl protein is associated with the promoter regions of the uninduced Hsp70 and Hsp26 genes. Upon heat shock induction Trl protein is recruited to their transcription units with its distribution coincident with that of RNA polymerase II.
    (O'Brien et al., 1995)
    Analysis of transcription from Hsp26 promoter deletion constructs indicates that Trl mediates anti-repression of the Hsp26 promoter in extracts from unstressed embryos, while Hsf activates the Hsp26 promoter in extracts from heat shocked embryos.
    (Sandaltzopoulos et al., 1995)
    Nucleosome remodelling factor is composed of at least four polypeptides that act in concert with the Trl transcription factor at the Hsp70 promoter.
    (Tsukiyama and Wu, 1995)
    Hsf and Trl can cause nucleosome rearrangements which may lead to a refinement of nucleosome positions, nucleosome remodeling is ATP-dependent.
    (Wall et al., 1995)
    Removal of the POZ (poxvirus and zinc finger) domain increases DNA binding affinity of the chromosome.
    (Bardwell and Treisman, 1994)
    Trl belongs to the trithorax group of genes, is required for normal expression of homeotic genes, for example Ubx, and is a modifier of position effect variegation.
    (Farkas et al., 1994)
    Trl encodes the GAGA factor which is involved in the formation of an accessible chromatin structure at promoter sequences.
    (Farkas et al., 1994)
    Trl binds to tubulin element 2 (TE2) and the intron of αTub84B, but not to tubulin element 1 (TE1).
    (O'Donnell and Wensink, 1994)
    Trl is associated with regions of heterochromatin throughout the cell cycle, probably via a direct interaction with a GA/CT rich subset of the highly repetitive DNA sequences found in heterochromatin. Trl can also associate with specific DNA sequences even when the DNA is highly compacted in the mitotic chromosomes.
    (Raff et al., 1994)
    Introduction of Trl protein during or after nucleosome assembly in vitro results in disruption of nucleosome structure at the Hsp70Aa promoter. Hsp70Aa promoter deletion analysis reveals that disruption of a preassembled nucleosome requires three or four GA/CT elements, nucleosome displacement requires at least two GA/CT elements.
    (Tsukiyama et al., 1994)
    Trl promotes chromatin rearrangement at heat shock loci.
    (van Holde, 1994)
    The Trl gene product is a multipurpose transcriptional activator which binds to (GA/CT)n sites in a host of promoters.
    (van Holde, 1994)
    Trl protein exists in multiple forms. Trl cDNA 5A activates transcription in transfected tissue culture cells in a binding site-dependent manner.
    (Soeller et al., 1993)
    Trl plays in role in the regulation of Ubx transcription.
    (Laney and Biggin, 1992)
    Trl counteracts His1-mediated repression of transcription.
    (Croston et al., 1991)
    The Trl protein probably acts as a transcriptional antirepressor of the Kr gene.
    (Kerrigan et al., 1991)
    Trl binds to eve regulatory sequences in vitro.
    (Read et al., 1990)
    The Trl product activates Ubx transcription selectively in a reconstituted in vitro reaction.
    (Biggin and Tjian, 1988)
    Origin and Etymology
    Discoverer
    Etymology
    Identification
    External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 112 )
    Sequence Crossreferences
    NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
    GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
    GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
    RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
    UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
    UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
    Other crossreferences
    BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
    Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
    Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
    Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
    GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
    InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
    KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
    modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
    PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
    SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
    Linkouts
    ApoDroso - Functional genomic database for photoreceptor development, survival and function
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DPiM - Drosophila Protein interaction map
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
    FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
    FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
    FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
    FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
    Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
    InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
    MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Synonyms and Secondary IDs (38)
    Reported As
    Symbol Synonym
    Adf-2
    (Geer et al., 1993)
    Adf-2-519
    (Benyajati, 1994.12.12)
    Adf2
    (Benyajati et al., 1992)
    CG33261
    (Hosono et al., 2015, Dorogova et al., 2014, Neely et al., 2010, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Ardehali et al., 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Grieder et al., 2007, Quinones-Coello, 2007, FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2004)
    CG9343
    (Klebes et al., 2005)
    E(var)3-trl
    (Wallrath, 2000)
    E(var)62
    (Wallrath, 1998)
    GAF
    (Erceg et al., 2019, Kyrchanova et al., 2019, Vorobyeva and Mazina, 2019, Haines and Eisen, 2018, Kaye et al., 2018, Mourad and Cuvier, 2018, Rennie et al., 2018, Wang et al., 2018, Boija et al., 2017, Ciabrelli et al., 2017, Cleard et al., 2017, El-Sharnouby et al., 2017, Kaye et al., 2017, Lomaev et al., 2017, Mourad et al., 2017, Pascual-Garcia et al., 2017, Urban et al., 2017, Chaharbakhshi and Jemc, 2016, Duarte et al., 2016, Khoroshko et al., 2016, Astakhova et al., 2015, Erokhin et al., 2015, Fuda et al., 2015, Magbanua et al., 2015, Wolle et al., 2015, Ho et al., 2014, McElroy et al., 2014, Pascual-Garcia et al., 2014, Van Bortle et al., 2014, Enderle and McNeill, 2013, Kellner et al., 2013, Kwak et al., 2013, Li and Zhou, 2013, Li et al., 2013, Mason-Suares et al., 2013, Oh et al., 2013, Rubin and Green, 2013, Schuettengruber and Cavalli, 2013, Tariq et al., 2013, Agelopoulos et al., 2012, Bartoletti et al., 2012, Bayarmagnai et al., 2012, Feller et al., 2012, Guertin et al., 2012, Holmqvist et al., 2012, Sakoparnig et al., 2012, Agrawal et al., 2011, Bonchuk et al., 2011, Demakov et al., 2011, Islam et al., 2011, Kharchenko et al., 2011, Nègre et al., 2011, Rach et al., 2011, Sultana et al., 2011, Vatolina et al., 2011, Vatolina et al., 2011, Vogelmann et al., 2011, Deal et al., 2010, Filion et al., 2010, Guertin and Lis, 2010, Huen and Russell, 2010, modENCODE Consortium et al., 2010, Nègre et al., 2010, Schoborg and Labrador, 2010, The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, van Bemmel et al., 2010, van Steensel et al., 2010, Ardehali et al., 2009, Bartkuhn et al., 2009, Chen et al., 2009, Schuettengruber et al., 2009, Shevelyov et al., 2009, Chopra et al., 2008, Hauenschild et al., 2008, Petesch and Lis, 2008, Golovnin et al., 2007, Schuettengruber et al., 2007, Schwartz and Pirrotta, 2007, Hill, 2006, Martinez et al., 2006, Muller and Kassis, 2006, Negre et al., 2006, Salvaing et al., 2006, Tolhuis et al., 2006, Zhao et al., 2006, Brown et al., 2005, Zhao et al., 2005, Lund and van Lohuizen, 2004, Melnikova et al., 2004, Smith et al., 2004, Bloyer et al., 2003, Ishii and Laemmli, 2003, Sun et al., 2003, van Steensel et al., 2003, Dejardin and Cavalli, 2002, Huang et al., 2002, Leibovitch et al., 2002, Maurange and Paro, 2002, Schwendemann and Lehmann, 2002, Bejarano et al., 2001, Busturia et al., 2001, Katokhin et al., 2001, Martienssen, 2001, Patterson, 2001, van Steensel et al., 2001, van Steensel et al., 2001, Henikoff and Vermaak, 2000, Agianian et al., 1999, Wilkins and Lis, 1999, Lis, 1998, Pile and Cartwright, 1998, Wilkins and Lis, 1998, Baricheva et al., 1997, Wilkins and Lis, 1997, Todorovic et al., 1996, Sandaltzopoulos et al., 1995, Wall et al., 1995)
    GAGA
    (Kwon et al., 2016, Negi et al., 2015, Dorogova et al., 2014, Slattery et al., 2014, Di Croce and Helin, 2013, Piñeyro et al., 2013, Kvon et al., 2012, Riddle et al., 2012, Aran-Guiu et al., 2010, Font-Burgada et al., 2008, Vaquero et al., 2008, Kahn et al., 2006, Bonet et al., 2005, Canudas et al., 2005, Moon et al., 2005, Wu et al., 2005, Lehmann et al., 2004, Pagans et al., 2004, Schweinsberg et al., 2004, Erhardt et al., 2003, Furriols and Casanova, 2003, Lu et al., 2003, Mahmoudi et al., 2003, Salvaing et al., 2003, Simms et al., 2003, Duncan, 2002, Kosoy et al., 2002, Mahmoudi et al., 2002, Poux et al., 2002, Volpi et al., 2002, West et al., 2002, Bloyer et al., 2001, Granok et al., 2001, Greenberg and Schedl, 2001, Leibovitch et al., 2001, Mishra et al., 2001, Poux et al., 2001, Van Steensel et al., 2001, Xiao et al., 2001, Deuring et al., 2000, Espinas et al., 2000, Farkas et al., 2000, Jones and Kadonaga, 2000, Read et al., 2000, Argiropoulos and Brock, 1999, Bloyer et al., 1999, Cryderman et al., 1999, Espinas et al., 1999, Horard et al., 1999, Katsani et al., 1999, van Lohuizen, 1999, Weiler and Wakimoto, 1999, Brock and Hodgson, 1998, Cavalli and Paro, 1998, Csink and Henikoff, 1998, Gdula et al., 1998, Huang et al., 1998, Jimenez-Garcia et al., 1998, Lehmann et al., 1998, Lintermann et al., 1998, Platero et al., 1998, Wu et al., 1998, Baricheva et al., 1997, Breiling et al., 1997, Greenberg and Schedl, 1997, Greenblatt, 1997, Platero et al., 1997, Schwartz and Kornberg, 1997, Strutt et al., 1997, Bhat et al., 1996, Ito et al., 1996, Laney and Biggin, 1996, Pedone et al., 1996, Pedone et al., 1996, Treisman, 1996, Yamamoto et al., 1996, Bienz and Muller, 1995, Hu et al., 1995, Liaw et al., 1995, O'Brien et al., 1995, Sandaltzopoulos and Bonte, 1995, Shopland et al., 1995, Wallrath and Elgin, 1995, Bardwell and Treisman, 1994, Lu et al., 1993, TenHarmsel et al., 1993, Laney and Biggin, 1992, Lee et al., 1992, Lu et al., 1992, Croston et al., 1991, Kerrigan et al., 1991, Elgin, 1990, Read et al., 1990, Thummel, 1989)
    GAGA factor
    (McElroy et al., 2014, Ferree and Prasad, 2012, Riddle et al., 2012)
    Gaf
    (Sadasivam and Huang, 2018, Tsai et al., 2016, Ringrose and Paro, 2007, Moorman et al., 2006, Moorman et al., 2006, Birch-Machin et al., 2005, Varga-Weisz et al., 1995)
    Gaga
    (Wen and Lai, 1998)
    LBC
    (Cleard et al., 2017, Wolle et al., 2015)
    NC70F
    (Kokoza et al., 1991)
    Nc70F
    (Perelygina et al., 1993, Perelygina et al., 1992, Kokoza et al., 1991, Perelygina, 1991.5.24)
    TRL
    (Blatti et al., 2015, Kingston and Tamkun, 2014, Orsi et al., 2014, Cheng et al., 2013, Bartoletti et al., 2012, Riddle et al., 2012, Chang et al., 2007, Mukai et al., 2007)
    TfGAGA/Adf-2
    (Benyajati, 1994.10.28)
    Trl
    (Birnbaum et al., 2019, Shokri et al., 2019, Bischof et al., 2018, Dasari et al., 2018, Kaye et al., 2018, Kyrchanova et al., 2018, Prange et al., 2018, Srivastava et al., 2018, Webber et al., 2018, Batut and Gingeras, 2017, Cleard et al., 2017, Houtz et al., 2017, Lee et al., 2017, Maini et al., 2017, Sharma et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Yeung et al., 2017, Dorogova et al., 2016, Kwon et al., 2016, Quijano et al., 2016, Dietz et al., 2015, Gene Disruption Project members, 2015-, Ghasemi et al., 2015, model organism Encyclopedia of Regulatory Network (modERN) Project, 2015-, Naval-Sánchez et al., 2015, Oktaba et al., 2015, Schertel et al., 2015, Zabidi et al., 2015, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, Boyle et al., 2014, Comoglio and Paro, 2014, Dorogova et al., 2014, Jiang and Singh, 2014, Rhee et al., 2014, Shlyueva et al., 2014, Aleksic et al., 2013, Darbo et al., 2013, Elgin and Reuter, 2013, Gisselbrecht et al., 2013, Karagodin et al., 2013, Lagha et al., 2013, Piñeyro et al., 2013, Vasanthi et al., 2013, Agelopoulos et al., 2012, Antao et al., 2012, Bartoletti et al., 2012, Bayarmagnai et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Kvon et al., 2012, Abruzzi et al., 2011, Carreira et al., 2011, Di Stefano et al., 2011, Fay et al., 2011, Nègre et al., 2011, Omelina et al., 2011, Pruteanu-Malinici et al., 2011, Rodriguez-Jato et al., 2011, Seong et al., 2011, Sultana et al., 2011, Toku et al., 2011, Baig et al., 2010, modENCODE Consortium et al., 2010, Saj et al., 2010, Smulders-Srinivasan et al., 2010, Vasanthi et al., 2010, Brody, 2009.03, Chen et al., 2009, Khan et al., 2009, Schaaf et al., 2009, Sing et al., 2009, Chopra et al., 2008, Dos-Santos et al., 2008, FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2008, Fujioka et al., 2008, González et al., 2008, Ogienko et al., 2008, Vázquez et al., 2008, Aerts et al., 2007, Bernués et al., 2007, Minidorff et al., 2007, Minidorff et al., 2007, Nakayama et al., 2007, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Ringrose and Paro, 2007, Secombe et al., 2007, Dworkin and Gibson, 2006, Dworkin and Gibson., 2006, Fedorova et al., 2006, Muller and Kassis, 2006, Bonet et al., 2005, Canudas et al., 2005, Tchoubrieva and Gibson, 2004, Balasov, 2002, Huang et al., 2002, Gim et al., 2001, Greenberg and Schedl, 2001, Hodgson et al., 2001, Katokhin et al., 2001, Trunova et al., 2001)
    Trl-GAGA
    (Mishra et al., 2003)
    anon-EST:fe2E12
    gaga
    (Pai et al., 2004, Poux et al., 2001)
    l(3)s2325
    trl
    (Kyrchanova et al., 2019, Kaye et al., 2017, Hadar et al., 2012, Fanti et al., 2008, Secombe et al., 2007, Kelley, 2004, Maixner et al., 1998)
    Name Synonyms
    Adh transcription factor 2
    GAGA Factor
    (Blythe and Wieschaus, 2015, Brown et al., 2005)
    GAGA element
    (Shopland et al., 1995, Lee et al., 1992)
    GAGA factor
    (Erceg et al., 2019, Webber et al., 2018, Cleard et al., 2017, Lomaev et al., 2017, Duarte et al., 2016, Tsai et al., 2016, Magbanua et al., 2015, Mason-Suares et al., 2013, Tariq et al., 2013, Agelopoulos et al., 2012, Bayarmagnai et al., 2012, Nakayama et al., 2012, Bonchuk et al., 2011, Islam et al., 2011, Vogelmann et al., 2011, Deal et al., 2010, Gurudatta et al., 2010, Huen and Russell, 2010, Kim et al., 2010, modENCODE Consortium et al., 2010, van Steensel et al., 2010, Vasanthi et al., 2010, Bartkuhn et al., 2009, Dhanasekaran et al., 2008, Kwong et al., 2008, Lee et al., 2008, Petesch and Lis, 2008, Bai et al., 2007, Dhanasekaran et al., 2007, Nakayama et al., 2007, Schuettengruber et al., 2007, Kahn et al., 2006, Moorman et al., 2006, Muller and Kassis, 2006, Negre et al., 2006, Tolhuis et al., 2006, Zhao et al., 2005, Fourel et al., 2004, Levine et al., 2004, Ringrose et al., 2004, Xin et al., 2004, Ishii and Laemmli, 2003, Kapetanaki et al., 2003, Mulholland et al., 2003, Orlando, 2003, Shimojima et al., 2003, Wu et al., 2003, Fourel et al., 2002, Leibovitch et al., 2002, Simon and Tamkun, 2002, Brock et al., 2001, Huckriede, 2001, Poux et al., 2001, Schweinsberg et al., 2001, Tchoubrieva and Gibson, 2001, Greenberg and Schedl, 2000, Horard et al., 2000, Leibovitch et al., 2000, Gao and Benyajati, 1998, Greenberg and Schedl, 1998, Klar, 1998, Okada and Hirose, 1998, Orlando et al., 1998, Schweinsberg et al., 1998, Anonymous, 1997, Benyajati et al., 1997, Leibovitch et al., 1997, Mason and Lis, 1997, Weber et al., 1997, Kingston et al., 1996, Marin et al., 1996, Kellum et al., 1995, Tsukiyama and Wu, 1995, Varga-Weisz et al., 1995, Wall et al., 1995, Becker, 1994, Granok et al., 1994, O'Donnell and Wensink, 1994, Kamakaka and Kadonaga, 1993, Krumm et al., 1993, Read and Manley, 1992, Biggin and Tjian, 1988)
    GAGA transcription factor
    (Wilkins and Lis, 1998, Benyajati, 1996.8.29, Soeller, 1993, Soeller et al., 1993)
    GAGA-factor
    (Boija and Mannervik, 2015, Bonchuk et al., 2015, Holmqvist et al., 2012, Hill, 2006)
    Neural conserved at 70F
    TRITHORAX-LIKE
    (Chang et al., 2007)
    Trithorax like
    (Rodriguez-Jato et al., 2011, Chopra et al., 2008)
    Trithorax-like
    (Srivastava et al., 2018, Webber et al., 2018, Zabidi et al., 2015, Comoglio and Paro, 2014, Kingston and Tamkun, 2014, Rhee et al., 2014, Darbo et al., 2013, Piñeyro et al., 2013, Agelopoulos et al., 2012, Bartoletti et al., 2012, Bayarmagnai et al., 2012, Kvon et al., 2012, Fay et al., 2011, Nègre et al., 2011, Omelina et al., 2011, Baig et al., 2010, Lemos et al., 2010, Neely et al., 2010, Chen et al., 2009, Dos-Santos et al., 2008, Ogienko et al., 2008, Bernués et al., 2007, Dworkin and Gibson, 2006, Fedorova et al., 2006, Muller and Kassis, 2006, Tchoubrieva and Gibson, 2004, Balasov, 2002, Bellotto et al., 2002, Huang et al., 2002, Mahmoudi et al., 2002, Gim et al., 2001, Greenberg and Schedl, 2001, Katokhin et al., 2001, Trunova et al., 2001)
    Trithorax-related
    (Lemos et al., 2010)
    Trithroax-like
    (Blythe and Wieschaus, 2015)
    anon-fast-evolving-2E12
    late boundary complex
    (Cleard et al., 2017, Wolle et al., 2015)
    transcription-factor-Adh2
    (Jackson and Benyajati, 1992)
    trithorax-like
    (Elgin and Reuter, 2013, Deal et al., 2010, Sing et al., 2009, Fanti et al., 2008)
    Secondary FlyBase IDs
    • FBgn0036445
    • FBgn0053261
    • FBgn0005691
    • FBgn0010008
    • FBgn0010418
    • FBgn0011024
    • FBgn0025220
    Datasets (5)
    Study focus (5)
    Experimental Role
    Project
    Project Type
    Title
    • transgene_used
    FBGSE20313
    The insulator protein SU(HW) modulates nuclear lamina interactions of the Drosophila genome.
    • transgene_used
    FBGSE22069
    Protein profiling reveals five principal chromatin types in Drosophila cells.
    • bait_protein
    modENCODE_chromatin_proteins_cells
    Genome-wide localization of chromosomal proteins in cell lines by ChIP-chip and ChIP-Seq.
    • bait_protein
    modENCODE_chromatin_proteins_flies
    Genome-wide localization of chromosomal proteins in fly tissues by ChIP-chip and ChIP-Seq.
    • bait_protein
    modENCODE_regulation_TFs
    Genome-wide localization of transcription factors by ChIP-chip and ChIP-Seq.
    References (565)