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Gene Dmel\imd

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\imd	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	immune deficiency	Annotation symbol	CG5576
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0013983
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	13 publicly available
Also Known As	BG5
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2R	Recombination map	2-
Cytogenetic map	55C8-55C8	Sequence location	2R:14,297,301..14,299,037 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene immune deficiency is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\imd (CG5576, FBgn0013983). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: death domain binding; protein binding. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: immune response; response to bacterium; humoral immune response; positive regulation of innate immune response; nervous system development; positive regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process; antimicrobial humoral response; peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway; antibacterial humoral response. 32 alleles are reported. The phenotype of these alleles is annotated with: embryonic/larval fat body. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: Death domain; Death-like domain. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 06-12 hour embryonic stages, during late larval stages, during early pupal stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Little or no expression detected in any larval or adult organs/tissues. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1637332_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of imd. Gene sequence location is 2R:14297301..14299037.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
External Summaries
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
Update Feed	Click the icon below to subscribe to this FlyBase record and receive updates automatically through your feed reader.
FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 55C8-55C8   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}sbb04525&P{EP}EP1081EP1081 and P{lacW}l(2)08770k04808
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	2- (Corbo and Levine, 1995)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\imd for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.50
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) imd-RA FBtr0086725  NM_133166   1320   273
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein imd-PA   FBpp0085904   29.9   273   6.16     NP_573394   AAF57692
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Death domain (IPR000488) Death-like domain (IPR011029)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE013599 AAF57692   AF222006 AAF44326   AI294065   AI389573   AI403546   AW940793   AX260204   AY051558 AAK92982   BG632513   BG636244   BI633732   CL526026   CO335379   CZ485291   CZ485292   EC264944   EC265090   GH958995   GH972477
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q7K4Z4 Q9NHG0
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 1 -- 3   organism   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:maternally deposited embryonic stage 4 -- 6   organism   (Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Little or no expression detected in any larval or adult organs/tissues. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    27.45 Larval Midgut    24.8 Larval Hindgut    40.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    81.6 Larval Fat Body    78.6 Larval Salivary Gland    54.6 Larval Trachea    52.975 Larval Carcass    42.825 Adult Head    56.6 Adult Eye    44.525 Adult Brain    29 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    29.8 Adult Crop    56.5 Adult Midgut    54.2 Adult Hindgut    45.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    20.8 Adult Fat Body    71 Adult Salivary Gland    46.5 Adult Heart    63.2 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    98.3 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    77.7 Adult Ovary    43.8 Adult Testis    36.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    40.4 Adult Carcass    49.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    27.45 Larval Midgut    24.8 Larval Hindgut    40.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    81.6 Larval Fat Body    78.6 Larval Salivary Gland    54.6 Larval Trachea    52.975 Larval Carcass    42.825 Adult Head    56.6 Adult Eye    44.525 Adult Brain    29 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    29.8 Adult Crop    56.5 Adult Midgut    54.2 Adult Hindgut    45.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    20.8 Adult Fat Body    71 Adult Salivary Gland    46.5 Adult Heart    63.2 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    98.3 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    77.7 Adult Ovary    43.8 Adult Testis    36.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    40.4 Adult Carcass    49.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    27.45 Larval Midgut    24.8 Larval Hindgut    40.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    81.6 Larval Fat Body    78.6 Larval Salivary Gland    54.6 Larval Trachea    52.975 Larval Carcass    42.825 Adult Head    56.6 Adult Eye    44.525 Adult Brain    29 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    29.8 Adult Crop    56.5 Adult Midgut    54.2 Adult Hindgut    45.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    20.8 Adult Fat Body    71 Adult Salivary Gland    46.5 Adult Heart    63.2 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    98.3 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    77.7 Adult Ovary    43.8 Adult Testis    36.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    40.4 Adult Carcass    49.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    27.45 Larval Midgut    24.8 Larval Hindgut    40.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    81.6 Larval Fat Body    78.6 Larval Salivary Gland    54.6 Larval Trachea    52.975 Larval Carcass    42.825 Adult Head    56.6 Adult Eye    44.525 Adult Brain    29 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    29.8 Adult Crop    56.5 Adult Midgut    54.2 Adult Hindgut    45.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    20.8 Adult Fat Body    71 Adult Salivary Gland    46.5 Adult Heart    63.2 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    98.3 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    77.7 Adult Ovary    43.8 Adult Testis    36.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    40.4 Adult Carcass    49.3 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    27.45 Larval Midgut    24.8 Larval Hindgut    40.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    81.6 Larval Fat Body    78.6 Larval Salivary Gland    54.6 Larval Trachea    52.975 Larval Carcass    42.825 Adult Head    56.6 Adult Eye    44.525 Adult Brain    29 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    29.8 Adult Crop    56.5 Adult Midgut    54.2 Adult Hindgut    45.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    20.8 Adult Fat Body    71 Adult Salivary Gland    46.5 Adult Heart    63.2 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    98.3 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    77.7 Adult Ovary    43.8 Adult Testis    36.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    40.4 Adult Carcass    49.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    27.45 Larval Midgut    24.8 Larval Hindgut    40.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    81.6 Larval Fat Body    78.6 Larval Salivary Gland    54.6 Larval Trachea    52.975 Larval Carcass    42.825 Adult Head    56.6 Adult Eye    44.525 Adult Brain    29 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    29.8 Adult Crop    56.5 Adult Midgut    54.2 Adult Hindgut    45.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    20.8 Adult Fat Body    71 Adult Salivary Gland    46.5 Adult Heart    63.2 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    98.3 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    77.7 Adult Ovary    43.8 Adult Testis    36.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    40.4 Adult Carcass    49.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    27.45 Larval Midgut    24.8 Larval Hindgut    40.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    81.6 Larval Fat Body    78.6 Larval Salivary Gland    54.6 Larval Trachea    52.975 Larval Carcass    42.825 Adult Head    56.6 Adult Eye    44.525 Adult Brain    29 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    29.8 Adult Crop    56.5 Adult Midgut    54.2 Adult Hindgut    45.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    20.8 Adult Fat Body    71 Adult Salivary Gland    46.5 Adult Heart    63.2 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    98.3 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    77.7 Adult Ovary    43.8 Adult Testis    36.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    40.4 Adult Carcass    49.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    27.45 Larval Midgut    24.8 Larval Hindgut    40.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    81.6 Larval Fat Body    78.6 Larval Salivary Gland    54.6 Larval Trachea    52.975 Larval Carcass    42.825 Adult Head    56.6 Adult Eye    44.525 Adult Brain    29 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    29.8 Adult Crop    56.5 Adult Midgut    54.2 Adult Hindgut    45.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    20.8 Adult Fat Body    71 Adult Salivary Gland    46.5 Adult Heart    63.2 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    98.3 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    77.7 Adult Ovary    43.8 Adult Testis    36.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    40.4 Adult Carcass    49.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    56.6   NA  Eye    44.525   NA  Brain    29   27.45  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    29.8   NA  Crop    56.5   no informative data  Midgut    54.2   40.7  Hindgut    45.7   81.6  Malpighian Tubules    no informative data   78.6  Fat Body    71   no informative data  Salivary Gland    46.5   NA  Heart    63.2   52.975  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    98.3   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    77.7   NA  Ovary    43.8   NA  Testis    36.6   NA  Male Accessory Gland    40.4   42.825  Carcass    49.3 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    16 central nervous system, larvae L3    11 central nervous system, pupae P8    11 head, virgin 1-day female    13 head, virgin 4-day female    14 head, virgin 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day female    11 head, mated 4-day female    17 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male    15 head, mated 4-day male    18 head, mated 20-day male    24 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    14 salivary gland, white prepupae    51 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    22 digestive system, 1-day adult    15 digestive system, 4-day adult    12 digestive system, 20-day adult    11 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    11 fat body, white prepupae    49 fat body, pupae P8    16 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    17 carcass, 1-day adult    13 carcass, 4-day adult    13 carcass, 20-day adult    16 ovary, virgin 4-day female    6 ovary, mated 4-day female    6 testis, mated 4-day male    22 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    11 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    16 central nervous system, larvae L3    11 central nervous system, pupae P8    11 head, virgin 1-day female    13 head, virgin 4-day female    14 head, virgin 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day female    11 head, mated 4-day female    17 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male    15 head, mated 4-day male    18 head, mated 20-day male    24 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    14 salivary gland, white prepupae  (51) digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    22 digestive system, 1-day adult    15 digestive system, 4-day adult    12 digestive system, 20-day adult    11 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    11 fat body, white prepupae  (49) fat body, pupae P8    16 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    17 carcass, 1-day adult    13 carcass, 4-day adult    13 carcass, 20-day adult    16 ovary, virgin 4-day female    6 ovary, mated 4-day female    6 testis, mated 4-day male    22 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    11 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    16 central nervous system, larvae L3    11 central nervous system, pupae P8    11 head, virgin 1-day female    13 head, virgin 4-day female    14 head, virgin 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day female    11 head, mated 4-day female    17 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male    15 head, mated 4-day male    18 head, mated 20-day male    24 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    14 salivary gland, white prepupae    51 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    22 digestive system, 1-day adult    15 digestive system, 4-day adult    12 digestive system, 20-day adult    11 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    11 fat body, white prepupae    49 fat body, pupae P8    16 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    17 carcass, 1-day adult    13 carcass, 4-day adult    13 carcass, 20-day adult    16 ovary, virgin 4-day female    6 ovary, mated 4-day female    6 testis, mated 4-day male    22 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    11 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    16 central nervous system, larvae L3    11 central nervous system, pupae P8    11 head, virgin 1-day female    13 head, virgin 4-day female    14 head, virgin 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day female    11 head, mated 4-day female    17 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male    15 head, mated 4-day male    18 head, mated 20-day male    24 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    14 salivary gland, white prepupae    51 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    22 digestive system, 1-day adult    15 digestive system, 4-day adult    12 digestive system, 20-day adult    11 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    11 fat body, white prepupae    49 fat body, pupae P8    16 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    17 carcass, 1-day adult    13 carcass, 4-day adult    13 carcass, 20-day adult    16 ovary, virgin 4-day female    6 ovary, mated 4-day female    6 testis, mated 4-day male    22 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    11 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    16 central nervous system, larvae L3    11 central nervous system, pupae P8    11 head, virgin 1-day female    13 head, virgin 4-day female    14 head, virgin 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day female    11 head, mated 4-day female    17 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male    15 head, mated 4-day male    18 head, mated 20-day male    24 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    14 salivary gland, white prepupae    51 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    22 digestive system, 1-day adult    15 digestive system, 4-day adult    12 digestive system, 20-day adult    11 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    11 fat body, white prepupae    49 fat body, pupae P8    16 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    17 carcass, 1-day adult    13 carcass, 4-day adult    13 carcass, 20-day adult    16 ovary, virgin 4-day female    6 ovary, mated 4-day female    6 testis, mated 4-day male    22 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    11 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    16 central nervous system, larvae L3    11 central nervous system, pupae P8    11 head, virgin 1-day female    13 head, virgin 4-day female    14 head, virgin 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day female    11 head, mated 4-day female    17 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male    15 head, mated 4-day male    18 head, mated 20-day male    24 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    14 salivary gland, white prepupae  (51) digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    22 digestive system, 1-day adult    15 digestive system, 4-day adult    12 digestive system, 20-day adult    11 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    11 fat body, white prepupae  (49) fat body, pupae P8    16 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    17 carcass, 1-day adult    13 carcass, 4-day adult    13 carcass, 20-day adult    16 ovary, virgin 4-day female    6 ovary, mated 4-day female    6 testis, mated 4-day male    22 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    11 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    16 central nervous system, larvae L3    11 central nervous system, pupae P8    11 head, virgin 1-day female    13 head, virgin 4-day female    14 head, virgin 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day female    11 head, mated 4-day female    17 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male    15 head, mated 4-day male    18 head, mated 20-day male    24 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    14 salivary gland, white prepupae    51 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    22 digestive system, 1-day adult    15 digestive system, 4-day adult    12 digestive system, 20-day adult    11 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    11 fat body, white prepupae    49 fat body, pupae P8    16 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    17 carcass, 1-day adult    13 carcass, 4-day adult    13 carcass, 20-day adult    16 ovary, virgin 4-day female    6 ovary, mated 4-day female    6 testis, mated 4-day male    22 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    11 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    16 central nervous system, larvae L3    11 central nervous system, pupae P8    11 head, virgin 1-day female    13 head, virgin 4-day female    14 head, virgin 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day female    11 head, mated 4-day female    17 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male    15 head, mated 4-day male    18 head, mated 20-day male    24 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    14 salivary gland, white prepupae    51 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    22 digestive system, 1-day adult    15 digestive system, 4-day adult    12 digestive system, 20-day adult    11 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    11 fat body, white prepupae    49 fat body, pupae P8    16 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    17 carcass, 1-day adult    13 carcass, 4-day adult    13 carcass, 20-day adult    16 ovary, virgin 4-day female    6 ovary, mated 4-day female    6 testis, mated 4-day male    22 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    11 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 06-12 hour embryonic stages, during late larval stages, during early pupal stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    14 embryo 02-04hr    8 embryo 04-06hr    14 embryo 06-08hr    22 embryo 08-10hr    22 embryo 10-12hr    26 embryo 12-14hr    20 embryo 14-16hr    18 embryo 16-18hr    18 embryo 18-20hr    16 embryo 20-22hr    14 embryo 22-24hr    12 larva L1    12 larva L2    13 larva L3 12hr old    12 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    12 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    17 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    27 white prepupae new    32 white prepupae 12hr    26 white prepupae 24hr    20 pupae 2d postWPP    16 pupae 3d postWPP    11 pupae 4d postWPP    10 adult male 01day    12 adult male 05day    12 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    12 adult female 05day    13 adult female 30day    13 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    14 embryo 02-04hr    8 embryo 04-06hr    14 embryo 06-08hr    22 embryo 08-10hr    22 embryo 10-12hr  26 embryo 12-14hr    20 embryo 14-16hr    18 embryo 16-18hr    18 embryo 18-20hr    16 embryo 20-22hr    14 embryo 22-24hr    12 larva L1    12 larva L2    13 larva L3 12hr old    12 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    12 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    17 larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (27) white prepupae new  (32) white prepupae 12hr  26 white prepupae 24hr    20 pupae 2d postWPP    16 pupae 3d postWPP    11 pupae 4d postWPP    10 adult male 01day    12 adult male 05day    12 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    12 adult female 05day    13 adult female 30day    13 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    14 embryo 02-04hr    8 embryo 04-06hr    14 embryo 06-08hr    22 embryo 08-10hr    22 embryo 10-12hr    26 embryo 12-14hr    20 embryo 14-16hr    18 embryo 16-18hr    18 embryo 18-20hr    16 embryo 20-22hr    14 embryo 22-24hr    12 larva L1    12 larva L2    13 larva L3 12hr old    12 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    12 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    17 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    27 white prepupae new    32 white prepupae 12hr    26 white prepupae 24hr    20 pupae 2d postWPP    16 pupae 3d postWPP    11 pupae 4d postWPP    10 adult male 01day    12 adult male 05day    12 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    12 adult female 05day    13 adult female 30day    13 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    14 embryo 02-04hr    8 embryo 04-06hr    14 embryo 06-08hr    22 embryo 08-10hr    22 embryo 10-12hr    26 embryo 12-14hr    20 embryo 14-16hr    18 embryo 16-18hr    18 embryo 18-20hr    16 embryo 20-22hr    14 embryo 22-24hr    12 larva L1    12 larva L2    13 larva L3 12hr old    12 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    12 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    17 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    27 white prepupae new    32 white prepupae 12hr    26 white prepupae 24hr    20 pupae 2d postWPP    16 pupae 3d postWPP    11 pupae 4d postWPP    10 adult male 01day    12 adult male 05day    12 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    12 adult female 05day    13 adult female 30day    13 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    14 embryo 02-04hr    8 embryo 04-06hr    14 embryo 06-08hr    22 embryo 08-10hr    22 embryo 10-12hr    26 embryo 12-14hr    20 embryo 14-16hr    18 embryo 16-18hr    18 embryo 18-20hr    16 embryo 20-22hr    14 embryo 22-24hr    12 larva L1    12 larva L2    13 larva L3 12hr old    12 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    12 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    17 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    27 white prepupae new    32 white prepupae 12hr    26 white prepupae 24hr    20 pupae 2d postWPP    16 pupae 3d postWPP    11 pupae 4d postWPP    10 adult male 01day    12 adult male 05day    12 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    12 adult female 05day    13 adult female 30day    13 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    14 embryo 02-04hr    8 embryo 04-06hr    14 embryo 06-08hr    22 embryo 08-10hr    22 embryo 10-12hr  26 embryo 12-14hr    20 embryo 14-16hr    18 embryo 16-18hr    18 embryo 18-20hr    16 embryo 20-22hr    14 embryo 22-24hr    12 larva L1    12 larva L2    13 larva L3 12hr old    12 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    12 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    17 larva L3 puffstage 7-9  27 white prepupae new  32 white prepupae 12hr  26 white prepupae 24hr    20 pupae 2d postWPP    16 pupae 3d postWPP    11 pupae 4d postWPP    10 adult male 01day    12 adult male 05day    12 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    12 adult female 05day    13 adult female 30day    13 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    14 embryo 02-04hr    8 embryo 04-06hr    14 embryo 06-08hr    22 embryo 08-10hr    22 embryo 10-12hr    26 embryo 12-14hr    20 embryo 14-16hr    18 embryo 16-18hr    18 embryo 18-20hr    16 embryo 20-22hr    14 embryo 22-24hr    12 larva L1    12 larva L2    13 larva L3 12hr old    12 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    12 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    17 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    27 white prepupae new    32 white prepupae 12hr    26 white prepupae 24hr    20 pupae 2d postWPP    16 pupae 3d postWPP    11 pupae 4d postWPP    10 adult male 01day    12 adult male 05day    12 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    12 adult female 05day    13 adult female 30day    13 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    14 embryo 02-04hr    8 embryo 04-06hr    14 embryo 06-08hr    22 embryo 08-10hr    22 embryo 10-12hr    26 embryo 12-14hr    20 embryo 14-16hr    18 embryo 16-18hr    18 embryo 18-20hr    16 embryo 20-22hr    14 embryo 22-24hr    12 larva L1    12 larva L2    13 larva L3 12hr old    12 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    12 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    17 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    27 white prepupae new    32 white prepupae 12hr    26 white prepupae 24hr    20 pupae 2d postWPP    16 pupae 3d postWPP    11 pupae 4d postWPP    10 adult male 01day    12 adult male 05day    12 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    12 adult female 05day    13 adult female 30day    13 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    63 Schneider line 2 Sg4    57 embryonic 1182-4H    45 embryonic GM2    21 embryonic Kc167    20 embryonic S1    13 embryonic S3    17 leg disc CME L1    66 wing disc CME-W2    15 wing disc ML-DmD8    25 wing disc ML-DmD9    16 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    28 wing disc ML-DmD21    17 wing disc ML-DmD32    14 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    13 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    10 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    52 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    44 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    19 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    14 tumorous blood cells mbn2    16 ovary fGS/OSS    14 ovary OSC    9 ovary OSS    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (63) Schneider line 2 Sg4  (57) embryonic 1182-4H  (45) embryonic GM2    21 embryonic Kc167    20 embryonic S1    13 embryonic S3    17 leg disc CME L1  (66) wing disc CME-W2    15 wing disc ML-DmD8    25 wing disc ML-DmD9    16 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (28) wing disc ML-DmD21    17 wing disc ML-DmD32    14 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    13 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    10 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (52) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (44) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    19 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    14 tumorous blood cells mbn2    16 ovary fGS/OSS    14 ovary OSC    9 ovary OSS    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    63 Schneider line 2 Sg4    57 embryonic 1182-4H    45 embryonic GM2    21 embryonic Kc167    20 embryonic S1    13 embryonic S3    17 leg disc CME L1    66 wing disc CME-W2    15 wing disc ML-DmD8    25 wing disc ML-DmD9    16 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    28 wing disc ML-DmD21    17 wing disc ML-DmD32    14 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    13 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    10 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    52 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    44 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    19 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    14 tumorous blood cells mbn2    16 ovary fGS/OSS    14 ovary OSC    9 ovary OSS    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    63 Schneider line 2 Sg4    57 embryonic 1182-4H    45 embryonic GM2    21 embryonic Kc167    20 embryonic S1    13 embryonic S3    17 leg disc CME L1    66 wing disc CME-W2    15 wing disc ML-DmD8    25 wing disc ML-DmD9    16 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    28 wing disc ML-DmD21    17 wing disc ML-DmD32    14 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    13 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    10 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    52 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    44 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    19 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    14 tumorous blood cells mbn2    16 ovary fGS/OSS    14 ovary OSC    9 ovary OSS    4 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    63 Schneider line 2 Sg4    57 embryonic 1182-4H    45 embryonic GM2    21 embryonic Kc167    20 embryonic S1    13 embryonic S3    17 leg disc CME L1    66 wing disc CME-W2    15 wing disc ML-DmD8    25 wing disc ML-DmD9    16 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    28 wing disc ML-DmD21    17 wing disc ML-DmD32    14 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    13 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    10 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    52 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    44 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    19 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    14 tumorous blood cells mbn2    16 ovary fGS/OSS    14 ovary OSC    9 ovary OSS    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (63) Schneider line 2 Sg4  (57) embryonic 1182-4H  (45) embryonic GM2    21 embryonic Kc167    20 embryonic S1    13 embryonic S3    17 leg disc CME L1  (66) wing disc CME-W2    15 wing disc ML-DmD8    25 wing disc ML-DmD9    16 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  28 wing disc ML-DmD21    17 wing disc ML-DmD32    14 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    13 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    10 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (52) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (44) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    19 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    14 tumorous blood cells mbn2    16 ovary fGS/OSS    14 ovary OSC    9 ovary OSS    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    63 Schneider line 2 Sg4    57 embryonic 1182-4H    45 embryonic GM2    21 embryonic Kc167    20 embryonic S1    13 embryonic S3    17 leg disc CME L1    66 wing disc CME-W2    15 wing disc ML-DmD8    25 wing disc ML-DmD9    16 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    28 wing disc ML-DmD21    17 wing disc ML-DmD32    14 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    13 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    10 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    52 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    44 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    19 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    14 tumorous blood cells mbn2    16 ovary fGS/OSS    14 ovary OSC    9 ovary OSS    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    63 Schneider line 2 Sg4    57 embryonic 1182-4H    45 embryonic GM2    21 embryonic Kc167    20 embryonic S1    13 embryonic S3    17 leg disc CME L1    66 wing disc CME-W2    15 wing disc ML-DmD8    25 wing disc ML-DmD9    16 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    28 wing disc ML-DmD21    17 wing disc ML-DmD32    14 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    13 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    10 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    52 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    44 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    19 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    14 tumorous blood cells mbn2    16 ovary fGS/OSS    14 ovary OSC    9 ovary OSS    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    13 cold shock, 4-day adult    14 heat shock, 4-day adult    13 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    14 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    16 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    16 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    15 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    15 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    13 cold shock, 4-day adult    14 heat shock, 4-day adult    13 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    14 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    16 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    16 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    15 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    15 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    13 cold shock, 4-day adult    14 heat shock, 4-day adult    13 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    14 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    16 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    16 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    15 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    15 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    13 cold shock, 4-day adult    14 heat shock, 4-day adult    13 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    14 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    16 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    16 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    15 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    15 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    13 cold shock, 4-day adult    14 heat shock, 4-day adult    13 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    14 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    16 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    16 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    15 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    15 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    13 cold shock, 4-day adult    14 heat shock, 4-day adult    13 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    14 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    16 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    16 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    15 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    15 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    13 cold shock, 4-day adult    14 heat shock, 4-day adult    13 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    14 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    16 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    16 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    15 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    15 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    13 cold shock, 4-day adult    14 heat shock, 4-day adult    13 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    14 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    19 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    9 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    16 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    16 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    15 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    15 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_25 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_09
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • GH20785 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0013983 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG5576-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4da.G32 imdScer\UAS.cGa viable imdEY08573 imdf02746 viable, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB imdScer\UAS.cGa viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 imdGD1284 Sterility Allele fertile imdEY08573 imdf02746 Other Phenotypes Allele immune response defective imd1 imd10191 imdEY08573 imdunspecified immune response defective, with Scer\GAL4yolk imdKK109863 immune response defective (with Df(2R)1.1) imd1 immune response defective (with Df(2R)1.2) imd1 immune response defective (with Df(2R)2.1) imd1 immune response defective (with Df(2R)2.2) imd1 immune response defective (with Df(2R)C5) imd1 immune response defective | adult stage imdunspecified immune response defective | recessive imd1 increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB imdScer\UAS.cGa radiation resistant imd1 radiation sensitive, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB imdScer\UAS.cGa Phenotype manifest in Allele embryonic/larval fat body, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB imdScer\UAS.cGa
Classical Alleles ( 18 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of imd Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion imdf02746 piggyBac transposase 2 -- imdBG02288 P-element activity 1 Yes imdCB-6101-3 1 -- imdEY08573 P-element activity 1 -- imdGS9049 1 Yes imdMI03451 1 -- imdNP1182 1 -- imdNP2717 1 -- imdNP6275 1 -- imd10191 0 -- imd1 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 Yes imdBG01405b P-element activity 0 Yes imdCB03754 0 -- imdEP2249 P-element activity 0 Yes imdR156 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 -- imdSDK 0 -- imdshadok loss of function allele 0 -- imdunspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 14 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of imd Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion imdGD1284 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes imdHMS00253 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes imdKK109863 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes imd+t5.1 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes imd1.Act5C.T:Hsap\MYC,T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes imdAct5C.T:Hsap\MYC,T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes imdD30A.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes imdMtnA.T:SV5\V5,T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes imdMtnA.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes imdNIG.5576R in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes imdScer\UAS.cGa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes imdΔ1-135.MtnA.T:SV5\V5,T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes imdΔ136-273.MtnA.T:SV5\V5,T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes imdΔ173-273.MtnA.T:SV5\V5,T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(2R)1.1 (Georgel et al., 2001) Df(2R)1.2 (Georgel et al., 2001) Df(2R)2.1 (Georgel et al., 2001) Df(2R)2.2 (Georgel et al., 2001) Df(2R)C5 (Georgel et al., 2001) Df(2R)PC4 (Corbo and Levine, 1996)
Not disrupted in	Df(2R)Pcl7B (Lemaitre et al., 1995) Df(2R)Pcl11B (Lemaitre et al., 1995, Corbo and Levine, 1996)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD1284} NA P{KK109863} NA P{NIG.5576R} NA P{TRiP.HMS00253} NA P{UAS-imd.D30A} NA P{UAS-imd.G} NA characterization construct P{imd+t5.1} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions Mi{MIC}imdMI03451 NA P{GT1}Dp1BG01405b NA P{GT1}Dp1BG02288 NA P{PTT-GB}imdCB03754 NA P{RS3}imdCB-6101-3 NA PBac{WH}imdf02746 NA insertion of mobile activating element P{EP}Dp1EP2249 NA P{EPgy2}imdEY08573 NA P{GSV1}GSd481b NA P{GSV6}Dp1GS9049 NA insertion of enhancer trap P{lacW}l(2)SH0167SH0167 No insertion of enhancer trap binary system P{GawB}imdNP1182 No P{GawB}imdNP2717 No P{GawB}imdNP6275 No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 18 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 11 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
death domain binding inferred from physical interaction with BG4 (Naitza et al., 2002) protein binding inferred from physical interaction with pirk (Aggarwal et al., 2008)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
antibacterial humoral response inferred from mutant phenotype (Lemaitre et al., 1995, Corbo and Levine, 1996) antimicrobial humoral response inferred from genetic interaction with Tl (Lemaitre et al., 1996) inferred from mutant phenotype (Kleino et al., 2005) humoral immune response inferred from mutant phenotype (Corbo and Levine, 1996) immune response inferred from mutant phenotype (Bernal and Kimbrell, 2000) nervous system development inferred from mutant phenotype (Koizumi et al., 2007) peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway inferred from mutant phenotype (Leulier et al., 2000) positive regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process inferred from mutant phenotype (Wu and Anderson, 1998, Manfruelli et al., 1999) positive regulation of innate immune response inferred from mutant phenotype (Goto et al., 2008) response to bacterium inferred from mutant phenotype (Ferrandon et al., 2001)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 8 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
defense response non-traceable author statement (Lemaitre, 2000.12.20) traceable author statement (Meister et al., 2000) defense response to bacterium traceable author statement (Kimbrell and Beutler, 2001) defense response to Gram-negative bacterium traceable author statement (Janssens and Beyaert, 2003, Brennan and Anderson, 2004, Leclerc and Reichhart, 2004) innate immune response non-traceable author statement (Kwiatkowski, 2005) intracellular signal transduction traceable author statement (Brennan and Anderson, 2004) response to bacterium non-traceable author statement (Silverman, 2003) signal transduction non-traceable author statement (Lemaitre, 2000.12.20)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
intracellular non-traceable author statement (Janssens and Beyaert, 2003)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
imd - Arf79F anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) imd - AttD anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) imd - CG10494 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) imd - CG1416 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) imd - CG2941 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) imd - CG4169 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) imd - CG5525 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) imd - CG6543 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) imd - CG7033 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) imd - Cctγ anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) imd - Cp1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) imd - Df31 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) imd - DnaJ-1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) imd - Elongin-B anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) imd - Gem3 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) imd - Gr36b anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) imd - Hel25E anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) imd - Hsp68 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) imd - Nopp140 experimental knowledge based, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Guruharsha et al., 2011, Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) imd - Tapδ anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) imd - kst anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) imd - mrj anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) imd - mus209 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) imd - pirk anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) imd - robl anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions imd allele Gene References imdScer\UAS.cGa BacA\p35 (Georgel et al., 2001) unspecified pbl (Gregory et al., 2007)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 68989 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0013983 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0013983 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 44339
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (28) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG67H699 Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6CC49F Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6B5N27 Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG6DV43B Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG6KWXN7
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG67H699)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\imd     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\imd Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM19907 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG20972 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\imd Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF12765 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA18981 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL16703 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK23231 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ22449 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI19387 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH20217 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6CC49F)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL010083   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\IMD   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ010891
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6B5N27)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\Imd   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG009187   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH11315   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP14326   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO20742   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL22600   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH17674   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB13418   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV15840   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\imd
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG6DV43B)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\JGI_V11_313869
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG6KWXN7)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_013619gn   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_025007gn
Human Orthologs (0)
Gene OMIM HGNC
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\imd Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM19907 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG20972 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\imd Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF12765 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA18981 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL16703 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK23231 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ22449 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI19387 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH20217
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 13 )
Bloomington	18583 w1118; PBac{WH}imdf02746 37054 y1 w*; Mi{MIC}imdMI03451 17474 y1 w67c23; P{EPgy2}imdEY08573 12855 w1118; P{GT1}Dp1BG02288 imdBG02288 38933 y1 sc* v1; P{TRiP.HMS00253}attP2/TM3, Sb1
Harvard	- PBac{WH}imdf02746
Kyoto	123915 w1118; P{RS3}imdCB-6101-3 113022 w*; P{GawB}imdNP2717 / CyO 201484 y1 w67c23; P{GSV6}Dp1GS9049/SM1 105180 y* w*; P{GawB}imdNP6275 / CyO, P{UAS-lacZ.UW14}UW14
VDRC	v101834 P{KK109863}VIE-260B v9253 w1118; P{GD1284}v9253
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR48A20 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 12 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	GH20785
Other clones	DPiM_GH20785
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	GH09818 GH23012 LP07358 SD13867 SD27881
Other clones	533817 557933 EN10225 RP004016348 RP004396973
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0013983 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 44339
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Paquette et al., 2010)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: BG5 CG5576 (FlyBase, 1996-) Source for identity of: imd shadok (Ferrandon, 2001.3.6)
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: imd anon-WO0172774.166 (FlyBase, 1996-) Source for merge of: imd BG5 (De Gregorio et al., 2001)
Additional comments	Source for merge of imd anon-WO0172774.166 was sequence comparison (date:051113). (FlyBase, 1996-) Source for identity of BG5 CG5576 was sequence comparison (date:000327). (FlyBase, 1996-)
Other Comments
	RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene causes a specific decrease in AttA activity in response to heat-killed E.coli when assayed in S2 cells. imd functions upstream of Iap2 in the fat body, as shown by the ability of Iap2 dsRNA to inhibit transcriptional activation of Dpt by imd. (Kleino et al., 2005) dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology. (Kiger et al., 2003) imd regulates the antibacterial response. (Ferrandon et al., 2001) Mutants show no detectable induction of Dpt, CecA1 and CecA2. Attacin levels are reduced compared to wild type and Drs induction is normal. (Lu et al., 2001) Identified as a gene with significant level of mRNA cycling as assessed by expression analysis using high density oligonucleotide arrays with probe generated from adult heads harvested over six time points over the course of a day. (McDonald and Rosbash, 2001) Mutants exhibit a constitutive Dif nuclear localisation. (Wu and Anderson, 1998) Mutations that affect the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides dramatically lower the resistance of flies to infection. (Lemaitre et al., 1996) The imd locus was identified by a mutation which abrogates (in larvae) or reduces (in adults) the induction of humoral immune response genes. Failure of induction results in mortality due to sepsis after challenge with live bacteria. (Corbo and Levine, 1995) When challenged with bacteria mutants show a lower survival rate that wild type flies. In contrast to the antibacterial peptides the antifungal peptide Drs remains inducible in a homozygous imd mutant background. These results point to the existance of two different pathways leading to the expression of two types of target genes, encoding either the antibacterial peptides or the antifungal peptide Drs. (Lemaitre et al., 1995)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_133166 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_573394 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAF44326 AAF57692 AAK92982 AF222006 AI389573 AW940793 AX260204 AY051558 CL526026 CZ485291 CZ485292 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 44339 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • Q7K4Z4 Q9NHG0
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Death domain (IPR000488) Death-like domain (IPR011029) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • GH20785
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 68989 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0013983 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0013983 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0013983 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0013983 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG5576-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0013983 FlyReactome - A curated knowledgebase of Drosophila melanogaster pathways • 205594 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 44339 Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /dbzhnsky/imd1.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 44339 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0013983
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 12 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	anon-WO0172774.166   BG5 (Georgel et al., 2001, Lemaitre, 2000.12.20, ) CG5576 (Kleino et al., 2005, Irving et al., 2001, De Gregorio et al., 2001, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Douglas et al., 2011, Ni et al., 2010.12.1) IMD (Kwiatkowski, 2005, Paquette et al., 2005, Silverman, 2003, Zhou et al., 2003, Zhou et al., 2005, Kuttenkeuler and Boutros, 2007, Akira et al., 2006, Quintin et al., 2007, Waterhouse et al., 2007, Akhouayri et al., 2011, Tsichritzis et al., 2007, Ragab et al., 2011, Meinander et al., 2012, Gesellchen et al., 2005, Ertürk-Hasdemir et al., 2009, Ha et al., 2009, Tanji et al., 2010, Longworth et al., 2012, Douglas et al., 2011, Maillet et al., 2008) Imd (Steiner, 2004, Leulier et al., 2002, Kaisho and Akira, 2001, Vidal et al., 2001, Corbo, 1995.6.4, Pal et al., 2007, Costa et al., 2007, Kuranaga and Miura, 2007, Goto et al., 2008, Koizumi et al., 2007, Bond and Foley, 2009, Bond et al., 2008, Dijkers and O'Farrell, 2007, Lhocine et al., 2008, Jin et al., 2009, Junell et al., 2010, Chen et al., 2010, Broderick et al., 2006, Thevenon et al., 2009) imd (Mace et al., 2005, Pal and Wu, 2005, Gregory et al., 2007, Ferrandon et al., 2007, Kurata, 2007, Vonkavaara et al., 2007, Wagner and Roeder, 2007, Kim et al., 2006, Tsuzuki et al., 2012, Chen et al., 2010, Buszczak et al., 2007, Huh et al., 2007, McGettigan et al., 2005, Mace et al., 2005, Lazzaro et al., 2004, Taylor and Kimbrell, 2007, Lesch et al., 2007, Minidorff et al., 2007, Leulier et al., 2006, Righi et al., 2010, Markovic et al., 2009, Avadhanula et al., 2009, Akhouayri et al., 2011, Minidorff et al., 2007, Zhao et al., 2011, Hill-Burns and Clark, 2010, Wang et al., 2010, Limmer et al., 2011, Neyen et al., 2012, Busse et al., 2007, Hallem et al., 2007, Tan et al., 2008, Lee and Edery, 2008, Tingvall et al., 2001, Wu et al., 2007, Yajima et al., 2003, Cronin et al., 2009, Thoetkiattikul et al., 2005, Sackton et al., 2007, Ha et al., 2009, Zerofsky et al., 2005, Ramsden et al., 2008, Costa et al., 2009, Kim et al., 2005, Kaneko et al., 2006, Yano et al., 2008, Galac and Lazzaro, 2011, Vonkavaara et al., 2008, Paquette et al., 2010, Valanne et al., 2010, Tang et al., 2010, Zsindely et al., 2009, Naitza et al., 2002, Kong et al., 2010, Gordon et al., 2008, Glittenberg et al., 2011, Kim et al., 2010, Sekiya et al., 2008, Nehme et al., 2007, Pham et al., 2007, Liehl et al., 2006, Marcu et al., 2011, Jin et al., 2008, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Bangi et al., 2012, Lemaitre et al., 2012) shadok (Ferrandon et al., 2001) unnamed (Corbo and Levine, 1996)
Name Synonym	immune deficiency (Lazzaro et al., 2006, Kim et al., 2006, Tingvall et al., 2001, Kim et al., 2010, Nehme et al., 2007, Marcu et al., 2011, Lemaitre et al., 2012) Immune deficiency (Lazzaro et al., 2004) immune deficient (Zerofsky et al., 2005) Immunodeficiency (Corbo, 1995.6.4)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0034344 FBgn0046434
References ( 240 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 240 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 141 ) Supplementary material  ( 11 ) Review  ( 35 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 13 ) Abstract  ( 31 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 3 ) Stock list  ( 1 ) Website  ( 1 ) Patent  ( 1 ) Conference report  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 1 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 20 )
	Bangi et al., 2012, EMBO Rep. 13(6): 569--576 Immune response to bacteria induces dissemination of Ras-activated Drosophila hindgut cells. [FBrf0218473] Chang et al., 2012, Dev. Comp. Immunol. 36(2): 274--278 Loss of Hemolectin reduces the survival of Drosophila larvae after wounding. [FBrf0216558] Dobes et al., 2012, Fly 6(2): 75--79 An improved method for nematode infection assays in Drosophila larvae. [FBrf0218711] Fabian et al., 2012, Mol. Ecol. 21(19): 4748--4769 Genome-wide patterns of latitudinal differentiation among populations of Drosophila melanogaster from North America. [FBrf0219505] Lemaitre et al., 2012, J. Immunol. 188(11): 5210--5220 Pillars Article: The Dorsoventral Regulatory Gene Cassette spatzle/Toll/cactus Controls the Potent Antifungal Response in Drosophila Adults. Cell. 1996. 86: 973-983. [FBrf0218343] Longworth et al., 2012, PLoS Genet. 8(4): e1002618 A Shared Role for RBF1 and dCAP-D3 in the Regulation of Transcription with Consequences for Innate Immunity. [FBrf0218058] Meinander et al., 2012, EMBO J. 31(12): 2770--2783 Ubiquitylation of the initiator caspase DREDD is required for innate immune signalling. [FBrf0218688] Neyen et al., 2012, J. Immunol. 189(4): 1886--1897 Tissue- and Ligand-Specific Sensing of Gram-Negative Infection in Drosophila by PGRP-LC Isoforms and PGRP-LE. [FBrf0219094] Tsuzuki et al., 2012, Sci. Rep. 2: 210 Drosophila growth-blocking peptide-like factor mediates acute immune reactions during infectious and non-infectious stress. [FBrf0217467] Akhouayri et al., 2011, PLoS Pathog. 7(10): e1002319 Toll-8/tollo negatively regulates antimicrobial response in the Drosophila respiratory epithelium. [FBrf0216452] Douglas et al., 2011, Proc. Biol. Sci. 278(1704): 333--338 How the insect immune system interacts with an obligate symbiotic bacterium. [FBrf0212672] Galac and Lazzaro, 2011, Microbes Infect. 13(7): 673--683 Comparative pathology of bacteria in the genus Providencia to a natural host, Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0214338] Glittenberg et al., 2011, Dis. Model Mech. 4(4): 515--525 Pathogen and host factors are needed to provoke a systemic host response to gastrointestinal infection of Drosophila larvae by Candida albicans. [FBrf0214008] Guntermann and Foley, 2011, J. Biol. Chem. 286(35): 30284--30294 The Protein Dredd Is an Essential Component of the c-Jun N-terminal Kinase Pathway in the Drosophila Immune Response. [FBrf0214801] Herren and Lemaitre, 2011, Cell. Microbiol. 13(9): 1385--1396 Spiroplasma and host immunity: activation of humoral immune responses increases endosymbiont load and susceptibility to certain Gram-negative bacterial pathogens in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0214693] Limmer et al., 2011, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108(42): 17378--17383 Pseudomonas aeruginosa RhlR is required to neutralize the cellular immune response in a Drosophila melanogaster oral infection model. [FBrf0216453] Marcu et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(1): e15361 Innate Immune Responses of Drosophila melanogaster Are Altered by Spaceflight. [FBrf0212851] Morozova et al., 2011, Genetics 187(4): 1193--1205 Transcriptional networks for alcohol sensitivity in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0214377] Ragab et al., 2011, EMBO J. 30(6): 1123--1136 Drosophila Ras/MAPK signalling regulates innate immune responses in immune and intestinal stem cells. [FBrf0213275] Zhao et al., 2011, J. Biol. Chem. 286(8): 6211--6218 Antimicrobial Peptides Increase Tolerance to Oxidant Stress in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0213053] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
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