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Gene Dmel\imd

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\imd	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	immune deficiency	Annotation symbol	CG5576
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0013983
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	11 publicly available
Also Known As	BG5
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2R	Recombination map	2-
Cytogenetic map	55C8-55C8	Sequence location	2R:14,297,296..14,299,024 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene immune deficiency is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\imd (CG5576, FBgn0013983). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: death domain binding; protein binding. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: immune response; response to bacterium; humoral immune response; positive regulation of innate immune response; nervous system development; positive regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process; antimicrobial humoral response; peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway; antibacterial humoral response. 30 alleles are reported. The phenotype of these alleles is annotated with: embryonic/larval fat body. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: DEATH-like; Death. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 06-12 hour embryonic stages, during late larval stages, during early pupal stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Little or no expression detected in any larval or adult organs/tissues. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1637332_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of imd. Gene sequence location is 2R:14297296..14299024.
External Summaries
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2011_10	References Guntermann and Foley, 2011, J. Biol. Chem. 286(35): 30284--30294
FB2012_01	Alleles imd[MI03451] Insertions Mi{MIC}imd[MI03451] Sequence features HFA05928 BKN29863 References Thevenon et al., 2009, Cell Host Microbe 6(4): 309--320 Chang et al., 2012, Dev. Comp. Immunol. 36(2): 274--278 Kim et al., 2010, Exp. Gerontol. 45(12): 984--987 Bellen, 2011.10.25, set956.xml
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 55C8-55C8   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}sbb04525&P{EP}EP1081EP1081 and P{lacW}l(2)08770k04808
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	2- (Corbo and Levine, 1995)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\imd for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) imd-RA FBtr0086725  NM_133166   1312   273
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein imd-PA   FBpp0085904   29.9   273   6.16     NP_573394   AAF57692
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Death (IPR000488) DEATH-like (IPR011029)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE013599 AAF57692   AF222006 AAF44326   AI294065   AI389573   AI403546   AW940793   AX260204   AY051558 AAK92982   BG632513   BG636244   BI633732   CL526026   CO335379   CZ485291   CZ485292   EC264944   EC265090   GH958995   GH972477
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q9NHG0 Q7K4Z4
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0013983    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0013983 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 06-12 hour embryonic stages, during late larval stages, during early pupal stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0013983 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    911 embryo 02-04hr    548 embryo 04-06hr    961 embryo 06-08hr    1509 embryo 08-10hr    1486 embryo 10-12hr    1720 embryo 12-14hr    1318 embryo 14-16hr    1232 embryo 16-18hr    1187 embryo 18-20hr    1087 embryo 20-22hr    931 embryo 22-24hr    779 larva L1    804 larva L2    863 larva L3 12hr old    814 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    840 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1143 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1843 white prepupae new    2174 white prepupae 12hr    1773 white prepupae 24hr    1329 pupae 2d postWPP    1047 pupae 3d postWPP    712 pupae 4d postWPP    661 adult male 01day    806 adult male 05day    838 adult male 30day    755 adult female 01day    800 adult female 05day    870 adult female 30day    851 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (911) embryo 02-04hr  (548) embryo 04-06hr  (961) embryo 06-08hr  (1509) embryo 08-10hr  (1486) embryo 10-12hr  (1720) embryo 12-14hr  (1318) embryo 14-16hr  (1232) embryo 16-18hr  (1187) embryo 18-20hr  (1087) embryo 20-22hr  (931) embryo 22-24hr  (779) larva L1  (804) larva L2  (863) larva L3 12hr old  (814) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (840) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (1143) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (1843) white prepupae new  (2174) white prepupae 12hr  (1773) white prepupae 24hr  (1329) pupae 2d postWPP  (1047) pupae 3d postWPP  (712) pupae 4d postWPP  (661) adult male 01day  (806) adult male 05day  (838) adult male 30day  (755) adult female 01day  (800) adult female 05day  (870) adult female 30day  (851) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    911 embryo 02-04hr    548 embryo 04-06hr    961 embryo 06-08hr  1509 embryo 08-10hr  1486 embryo 10-12hr  (1720) embryo 12-14hr    1318 embryo 14-16hr    1232 embryo 16-18hr    1187 embryo 18-20hr    1087 embryo 20-22hr    931 embryo 22-24hr    779 larva L1    804 larva L2    863 larva L3 12hr old    814 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    840 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1143 larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (1843) white prepupae new  (2174) white prepupae 12hr  (1773) white prepupae 24hr    1329 pupae 2d postWPP    1047 pupae 3d postWPP    712 pupae 4d postWPP    661 adult male 01day    806 adult male 05day    838 adult male 30day    755 adult female 01day    800 adult female 05day    870 adult female 30day    851 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    911 embryo 02-04hr    548 embryo 04-06hr    961 embryo 06-08hr    1509 embryo 08-10hr    1486 embryo 10-12hr    1720 embryo 12-14hr    1318 embryo 14-16hr    1232 embryo 16-18hr    1187 embryo 18-20hr    1087 embryo 20-22hr    931 embryo 22-24hr    779 larva L1    804 larva L2    863 larva L3 12hr old    814 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    840 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1143 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1843 white prepupae new    2174 white prepupae 12hr    1773 white prepupae 24hr    1329 pupae 2d postWPP    1047 pupae 3d postWPP    712 pupae 4d postWPP    661 adult male 01day    806 adult male 05day    838 adult male 30day    755 adult female 01day    800 adult female 05day    870 adult female 30day    851 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    911 embryo 02-04hr    548 embryo 04-06hr    961 embryo 06-08hr    1509 embryo 08-10hr    1486 embryo 10-12hr    1720 embryo 12-14hr    1318 embryo 14-16hr    1232 embryo 16-18hr    1187 embryo 18-20hr    1087 embryo 20-22hr    931 embryo 22-24hr    779 larva L1    804 larva L2    863 larva L3 12hr old    814 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    840 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1143 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1843 white prepupae new    2174 white prepupae 12hr    1773 white prepupae 24hr    1329 pupae 2d postWPP    1047 pupae 3d postWPP    712 pupae 4d postWPP    661 adult male 01day    806 adult male 05day    838 adult male 30day    755 adult female 01day    800 adult female 05day    870 adult female 30day    851 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0013983 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    911 embryo 02-04hr    548 embryo 04-06hr    961 embryo 06-08hr    1509 embryo 08-10hr    1486 embryo 10-12hr    1720 embryo 12-14hr    1318 embryo 14-16hr    1232 embryo 16-18hr    1187 embryo 18-20hr    1087 embryo 20-22hr    931 embryo 22-24hr    779 larva L1    804 larva L2    863 larva L3 12hr old    814 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    840 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1143 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1843 white prepupae new    2174 white prepupae 12hr    1773 white prepupae 24hr    1329 pupae 2d postWPP    1047 pupae 3d postWPP    712 pupae 4d postWPP    661 adult male 01day    806 adult male 05day    838 adult male 30day    755 adult female 01day    800 adult female 05day    870 adult female 30day    851 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (911) embryo 02-04hr  (548) embryo 04-06hr  (961) embryo 06-08hr  (1509) embryo 08-10hr  (1486) embryo 10-12hr  (1720) embryo 12-14hr  (1318) embryo 14-16hr  (1232) embryo 16-18hr  (1187) embryo 18-20hr  (1087) embryo 20-22hr  (931) embryo 22-24hr  (779) larva L1  (804) larva L2  (863) larva L3 12hr old  (814) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (840) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (1143) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (1843) white prepupae new  (2174) white prepupae 12hr  (1773) white prepupae 24hr  (1329) pupae 2d postWPP  (1047) pupae 3d postWPP  (712) pupae 4d postWPP  (661) adult male 01day  (806) adult male 05day  (838) adult male 30day  (755) adult female 01day  (800) adult female 05day  (870) adult female 30day  (851) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    911 embryo 02-04hr    548 embryo 04-06hr    961 embryo 06-08hr  1509 embryo 08-10hr  1486 embryo 10-12hr  1720 embryo 12-14hr    1318 embryo 14-16hr    1232 embryo 16-18hr    1187 embryo 18-20hr    1087 embryo 20-22hr    931 embryo 22-24hr    779 larva L1    804 larva L2    863 larva L3 12hr old    814 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    840 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1143 larva L3 puffstage 7-9  1843 white prepupae new  2174 white prepupae 12hr  1773 white prepupae 24hr    1329 pupae 2d postWPP    1047 pupae 3d postWPP    712 pupae 4d postWPP    661 adult male 01day    806 adult male 05day    838 adult male 30day    755 adult female 01day    800 adult female 05day    870 adult female 30day    851 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    911 embryo 02-04hr    548 embryo 04-06hr    961 embryo 06-08hr    1509 embryo 08-10hr    1486 embryo 10-12hr    1720 embryo 12-14hr    1318 embryo 14-16hr    1232 embryo 16-18hr    1187 embryo 18-20hr    1087 embryo 20-22hr    931 embryo 22-24hr    779 larva L1    804 larva L2    863 larva L3 12hr old    814 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    840 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1143 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1843 white prepupae new    2174 white prepupae 12hr    1773 white prepupae 24hr    1329 pupae 2d postWPP    1047 pupae 3d postWPP    712 pupae 4d postWPP    661 adult male 01day    806 adult male 05day    838 adult male 30day    755 adult female 01day    800 adult female 05day    870 adult female 30day    851 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    911 embryo 02-04hr    548 embryo 04-06hr    961 embryo 06-08hr    1509 embryo 08-10hr    1486 embryo 10-12hr    1720 embryo 12-14hr    1318 embryo 14-16hr    1232 embryo 16-18hr    1187 embryo 18-20hr    1087 embryo 20-22hr    931 embryo 22-24hr    779 larva L1    804 larva L2    863 larva L3 12hr old    814 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    840 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1143 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1843 white prepupae new    2174 white prepupae 12hr    1773 white prepupae 24hr    1329 pupae 2d postWPP    1047 pupae 3d postWPP    712 pupae 4d postWPP    661 adult male 01day    806 adult male 05day    838 adult male 30day    755 adult female 01day    800 adult female 05day    870 adult female 30day    851 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data for FBgn0013983    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales max expr for FBgn0013983 Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Little or no expression detected in any larval or adult organs/tissues. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (1000 - 25000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0013983 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    27.45 Larval Midgut no informative data Larval Hindgut    40.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    81.6 Larval Fat Body    78.6 Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    52.975 Larval Carcass    42.825 Adult Head    56.6 Adult Eye    44.525 Adult Brain    29 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    29.8 Adult Crop    56.5 Adult Midgut    54.2 Adult Hindgut    45.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body    71 Adult Salivary Gland    46.5 Adult Heart    63.2 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    98.3 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    77.7 Adult Ovary    43.8 Adult Testis    36.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    40.4 Adult Carcass    49.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    27.45 Larval Midgut no informative data Larval Hindgut    40.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    81.6 Larval Fat Body    78.6 Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    52.975 Larval Carcass    42.825 Adult Head    56.6 Adult Eye    44.525 Adult Brain    29 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    29.8 Adult Crop    56.5 Adult Midgut    54.2 Adult Hindgut    45.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body    71 Adult Salivary Gland    46.5 Adult Heart    63.2 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    98.3 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    77.7 Adult Ovary    43.8 Adult Testis    36.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    40.4 Adult Carcass    49.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    27.45 Larval Midgut no informative data Larval Hindgut    40.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    81.6 Larval Fat Body    78.6 Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    52.975 Larval Carcass    42.825 Adult Head    56.6 Adult Eye    44.525 Adult Brain    29 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    29.8 Adult Crop    56.5 Adult Midgut    54.2 Adult Hindgut    45.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body    71 Adult Salivary Gland    46.5 Adult Heart    63.2 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    98.3 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    77.7 Adult Ovary    43.8 Adult Testis    36.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    40.4 Adult Carcass    49.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    27.45 Larval Midgut no informative data Larval Hindgut    40.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    81.6 Larval Fat Body    78.6 Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    52.975 Larval Carcass    42.825 Adult Head    56.6 Adult Eye    44.525 Adult Brain    29 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    29.8 Adult Crop    56.5 Adult Midgut    54.2 Adult Hindgut    45.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body    71 Adult Salivary Gland    46.5 Adult Heart    63.2 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    98.3 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    77.7 Adult Ovary    43.8 Adult Testis    36.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    40.4 Adult Carcass    49.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0013983 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    27.45 Larval Midgut no informative data Larval Hindgut    40.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    81.6 Larval Fat Body    78.6 Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    52.975 Larval Carcass    42.825 Adult Head    56.6 Adult Eye    44.525 Adult Brain    29 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    29.8 Adult Crop    56.5 Adult Midgut    54.2 Adult Hindgut    45.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body    71 Adult Salivary Gland    46.5 Adult Heart    63.2 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    98.3 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    77.7 Adult Ovary    43.8 Adult Testis    36.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    40.4 Adult Carcass    49.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    27.45 Larval Midgut no informative data Larval Hindgut    40.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    81.6 Larval Fat Body    78.6 Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    52.975 Larval Carcass    42.825 Adult Head    56.6 Adult Eye    44.525 Adult Brain    29 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    29.8 Adult Crop    56.5 Adult Midgut    54.2 Adult Hindgut    45.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body    71 Adult Salivary Gland    46.5 Adult Heart    63.2 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    98.3 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    77.7 Adult Ovary    43.8 Adult Testis    36.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    40.4 Adult Carcass    49.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    27.45 Larval Midgut no informative data Larval Hindgut    40.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    81.6 Larval Fat Body    78.6 Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    52.975 Larval Carcass    42.825 Adult Head    56.6 Adult Eye    44.525 Adult Brain    29 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    29.8 Adult Crop    56.5 Adult Midgut    54.2 Adult Hindgut    45.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body    71 Adult Salivary Gland    46.5 Adult Heart    63.2 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    98.3 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    77.7 Adult Ovary    43.8 Adult Testis    36.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    40.4 Adult Carcass    49.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    27.45 Larval Midgut no informative data Larval Hindgut    40.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    81.6 Larval Fat Body    78.6 Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    52.975 Larval Carcass    42.825 Adult Head    56.6 Adult Eye    44.525 Adult Brain    29 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    29.8 Adult Crop    56.5 Adult Midgut    54.2 Adult Hindgut    45.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body    71 Adult Salivary Gland    46.5 Adult Heart    63.2 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    98.3 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    77.7 Adult Ovary    43.8 Adult Testis    36.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    40.4 Adult Carcass    49.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut no informative data Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    56.6   NA  Eye    44.525   NA  Brain    29   27.45  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    29.8   NA  Crop    56.5   no informative data  Midgut    54.2   40.7  Hindgut    45.7   81.6  Malpighian Tubules    no informative data   78.6  Fat Body    71   no informative data  Salivary Gland    46.5   NA  Heart    63.2   52.975  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    98.3   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    77.7   NA  Ovary    43.8   NA  Testis    36.6   NA  Male Accessory Gland    40.4   42.825  Carcass    49.3 modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_25
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0013983 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG5576-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4da.G32 imdScer\UAS.cGa viable imdEY08573 imdf02746 viable, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB imdScer\UAS.cGa viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 imdGD1284 Sterility Allele fertile imdEY08573 imdf02746 Other Phenotypes Allele immune response defective imd1 imd10191 imdEY08573 imdunspecified immune response defective (with Df(2R)1.1) imd1 immune response defective (with Df(2R)1.2) imd1 immune response defective (with Df(2R)2.1) imd1 immune response defective (with Df(2R)2.2) imd1 immune response defective (with Df(2R)C5) imd1 immune response defective | recessive imd1 increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB imdScer\UAS.cGa radiation resistant imd1 radiation sensitive, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB imdScer\UAS.cGa Phenotype manifest in Allele embryonic/larval fat body, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB imdScer\UAS.cGa
Classical Alleles ( 18 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of imd Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion imdf02746 piggyBac transposase 2 -- imdBG02288 P-element activity 1 Yes imdCB-6101-3 1 -- imdEY08573 P-element activity 1 -- imdGS9049 1 Yes imdNP1182 1 -- imdNP2717 1 -- imdNP6275 1 -- imd10191 0 -- imd1 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 Yes imdBG01405b P-element activity 0 Yes imdCB03754 0 -- imdEP2249 P-element activity 0 Yes imdMI03451 0 -- imdR156 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 -- imdSDK 0 -- imdshadok loss of function allele 0 -- imdunspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 12 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of imd Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion imdGD1284 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes imdKK109863 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes imd+t5.1 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes imd1.Act5C.T:Hsap\MYC,T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes imdAct5C.T:Hsap\MYC,T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes imdD30A.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes imdMtnA.T:SV5\V5,T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes imdMtnA.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes imdScer\UAS.cGa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes imdΔ1-135.MtnA.T:SV5\V5,T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes imdΔ136-273.MtnA.T:SV5\V5,T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes imdΔ173-273.MtnA.T:SV5\V5,T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(2R)1.1 (Georgel et al., 2001) Df(2R)1.2 (Georgel et al., 2001) Df(2R)2.1 (Georgel et al., 2001) Df(2R)2.2 (Georgel et al., 2001) Df(2R)C5 (Georgel et al., 2001) Df(2R)PC4 (Corbo and Levine, 1996)
Not disrupted in	Df(2R)Pcl7B (Lemaitre et al., 1995) Df(2R)Pcl11B (Lemaitre et al., 1995, Corbo and Levine, 1996)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD1284} NA P{KK109863} NA P{UAS-imd.D30A} NA P{UAS-imd.G} NA characterization construct P{imd+t5.1} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions Mi{MIC}imdMI03451 NA P{GT1}Dp1BG01405b NA P{GT1}Dp1BG02288 NA P{PTT-GB}imdCB03754 NA P{RS3}imdCB-6101-3 NA PBac{WH}imdf02746 NA insertion of mobile activating element P{EP}Dp1EP2249 NA P{EPgy2}imdEY08573 NA P{GSV1}GSd481b NA P{GSV6}Dp1GS9049 NA insertion of enhancer trap P{lacW}l(2)SH0167SH0167 No insertion of enhancer trap binary system P{GawB}imdNP1182 No P{GawB}imdNP2717 No P{GawB}imdNP6275 No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 18 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 11 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
death domain binding inferred from physical interaction with BG4 (Naitza et al., 2002) protein binding inferred from physical interaction with pirk (Aggarwal et al., 2008)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
antibacterial humoral response inferred from mutant phenotype (Lemaitre et al., 1995, Corbo and Levine, 1996) antimicrobial humoral response inferred from genetic interaction with Tl (Lemaitre et al., 1996) inferred from mutant phenotype (Kleino et al., 2005) humoral immune response inferred from mutant phenotype (Corbo and Levine, 1996) immune response inferred from mutant phenotype (Bernal and Kimbrell, 2000) nervous system development inferred from mutant phenotype (Koizumi et al., 2007) peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway inferred from mutant phenotype (Leulier et al., 2000) positive regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process inferred from mutant phenotype (Wu and Anderson, 1998, Manfruelli et al., 1999) positive regulation of innate immune response inferred from mutant phenotype (Goto et al., 2008) response to bacterium inferred from mutant phenotype (Ferrandon et al., 2001)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 8 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
defense response non-traceable author statement (Lemaitre, 2000.12.20) traceable author statement (Meister et al., 2000) defense response to bacterium traceable author statement (Kimbrell and Beutler, 2001) defense response to Gram-negative bacterium traceable author statement (Janssens and Beyaert, 2003, Brennan and Anderson, 2004, Leclerc and Reichhart, 2004) innate immune response non-traceable author statement (Kwiatkowski, 2005) intracellular signal transduction traceable author statement (Brennan and Anderson, 2004) response to bacterium non-traceable author statement (Silverman, 2003) signal transduction non-traceable author statement (Lemaitre, 2000.12.20)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
intracellular non-traceable author statement (Janssens and Beyaert, 2003)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions imd allele Gene References imdScer\UAS.cGa BacA\p35 (Georgel et al., 2001) unspecified pbl (Gregory et al., 2007)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 68989 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0013983 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0013983 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 44339
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF12765 Dere\GG20972 Dgri\GH20217 Dmoj\GI19387 Dper\GL16703 Dpse\GA18981 Dsec\GM19907 Dsim\imd Dvir\GJ22449 Dwil\GK23231 Dyak\imd
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dpse\GA18981   Dsim\imd   Dyak\imd
Linkouts	InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL010083-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP004959-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) 106346 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) CPIJ010891 Culex pipens (mosquito) 313869 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) XP_971829.1 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • PB13418 NV30429 LH17674 FBgn0067430 FBgn0225193 FBgn0209560 FBgn0067498 FBgn0174793 JGI_V11_313869 FBgn0078980 FBgn0154307 FBgn0142125 FBgn0127681 FBgn0113156 FBgn0089799 CPIJ010891 GB18606 IMD GLEAN_10851
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 11 )
Bloomington	18583 w1118; PBac{WH}imdf02746 17474 y1 w67c23; P{EPgy2}imdEY08573 12855 w1118; P{GT1}Dp1BG02288 imdBG02288
Harvard	- PBac{WH}imdf02746
Kyoto	123915 w1118; P{RS3}imdCB-6101-3 113022 w*; P{GawB}imdNP2717 / CyO 201484 y1 w67c23; P{GSV6}Dp1GS9049/SM1 105180 y* w*; P{GawB}imdNP6275 / CyO, P{UAS-lacZ.UW14}UW14 112555 y* w*; P{GawB}imdNP1182 / CyO, P{UAS-lacZ.UW14}UW14
VDRC	v101834 P{KK109863}VIE-260B v9253 w1118; P{GD1284}v9253
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR48A20 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 12 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	GH20785
Other clones	DPiM_GH20785
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	GH09818 GH23012 LP07358 SD13867 SD27881
Other clones	533817 557933 EN10225 RP004016348 RP004396973
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0013983 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 44339
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Paquette et al., 2010)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: BG5 CG5576 (FlyBase, 1996-) Source for identity of: imd shadok (Ferrandon, 2001.3.6)
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: imd anon-WO0172774.166 (FlyBase, 1996-) Source for merge of: imd BG5 (De Gregorio et al., 2001)
Additional comments	Source for merge of imd anon-WO0172774.166 was sequence comparison (date:051113). (FlyBase, 1996-) Source for identity of BG5 CG5576 was sequence comparison (date:000327). (FlyBase, 1996-)
Other Comments
	RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene causes a specific decrease in AttA activity in response to heat-killed E.coli when assayed in S2 cells. imd functions upstream of Iap2 in the fat body, as shown by the ability of Iap2 dsRNA to inhibit transcriptional activation of Dpt by imd. (Kleino et al., 2005) dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology. (Kiger et al., 2003) imd regulates the antibacterial response. (Ferrandon et al., 2001) Mutants show no detectable induction of Dpt, CecA1 and CecA2. Attacin levels are reduced compared to wild type and Drs induction is normal. (Lu et al., 2001) Identified as a gene with significant level of mRNA cycling as assessed by expression analysis using high density oligonucleotide arrays with probe generated from adult heads harvested over six time points over the course of a day. (McDonald and Rosbash, 2001) Mutants exhibit a constitutive Dif nuclear localisation. (Wu and Anderson, 1998) Mutations that affect the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides dramatically lower the resistance of flies to infection. (Lemaitre et al., 1996) The imd locus was identified by a mutation which abrogates (in larvae) or reduces (in adults) the induction of humoral immune response genes. Failure of induction results in mortality due to sepsis after challenge with live bacteria. (Corbo and Levine, 1995) When challenged with bacteria mutants show a lower survival rate that wild type flies. In contrast to the antibacterial peptides the antifungal peptide Drs remains inducible in a homozygous imd mutant background. These results point to the existance of two different pathways leading to the expression of two types of target genes, encoding either the antibacterial peptides or the antifungal peptide Drs. (Lemaitre et al., 1995)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_133166 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_573394 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAF44326 AAF57692 AAK92982 AF222006 AI389573 AW940793 AX260204 AY051558 CL526026 CZ485291 CZ485292 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 44339 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • Q7K4Z4 Q9NHG0
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Death (IPR000488) DEATH-like (IPR011029)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 68989 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0013983 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0013983 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0013983 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0013983 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG5576-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0013983 FlyReactome - A curated knowledgebase of Drosophila melanogaster pathways • 205594 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 44339 InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL010083-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP004959-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) 106346 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) CPIJ010891 Culex pipens (mosquito) 313869 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) XP_971829.1 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /dbzhnsky/imd1.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 44339 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0013983 OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • PB13418 NV30429 LH17674 FBgn0067430 FBgn0225193 FBgn0209560 FBgn0067498 FBgn0174793 JGI_V11_313869 FBgn0078980 FBgn0154307 FBgn0142125 FBgn0127681 FBgn0113156 FBgn0089799 CPIJ010891 GB18606 IMD GLEAN_10851
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 12 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	anon-WO0172774.166   BG5 (Georgel et al., 2001, Lemaitre, 2000.12.20, ) CG5576 (Kleino et al., 2005, Irving et al., 2001, De Gregorio et al., 2001, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Douglas et al., 2011) IMD (Kwiatkowski, 2005, Paquette et al., 2005, Silverman, 2003, Zhou et al., 2003, Zhou et al., 2005, Kuttenkeuler and Boutros, 2007, Akira et al., 2006, Quintin et al., 2007, Waterhouse et al., 2007, Tsichritzis et al., 2007, Gesellchen et al., 2005, Ertürk-Hasdemir et al., 2009, Ha et al., 2009, Tanji et al., 2010, Douglas et al., 2011) Imd (Steiner, 2004, Leulier et al., 2002, Kaisho and Akira, 2001, Vidal et al., 2001, Corbo, 1995.6.4, Pal et al., 2007, Costa et al., 2007, Kuranaga and Miura, 2007, Goto et al., 2008, Koizumi et al., 2007, Dijkers and O'Farrell, 2007, Lhocine et al., 2008, Jin et al., 2009, Junell et al., 2010, Chen et al., 2010, Broderick et al., 2006, Thevenon et al., 2009) imd (Mace et al., 2005, Pal and Wu, 2005, Gregory et al., 2007, Ferrandon et al., 2007, Kurata, 2007, Vonkavaara et al., 2007, Wagner and Roeder, 2007, Kim et al., 2006, Chen et al., 2010, Buszczak et al., 2007, Huh et al., 2007, McGettigan et al., 2005, Mace et al., 2005, Lazzaro et al., 2004, Taylor and Kimbrell, 2007, Minidorff et al., 2007, Leulier et al., 2006, Minidorff et al., 2007, Busse et al., 2007, Hallem et al., 2007, Tan et al., 2008, Lee and Edery, 2008, Tingvall et al., 2001, Wu et al., 2007, Yajima et al., 2003, Cronin et al., 2009, Thoetkiattikul et al., 2005, Sackton et al., 2007, Ha et al., 2009, Zerofsky et al., 2005, Ramsden et al., 2008, Costa et al., 2009, Kim et al., 2005, Kaneko et al., 2006, Yano et al., 2008, Galac and Lazzaro, 2011, Vonkavaara et al., 2008, Paquette et al., 2010, Valanne et al., 2010, Tang et al., 2010, Zsindely et al., 2009, Naitza et al., 2002, Kong et al., 2010, Gordon et al., 2008, Glittenberg et al., 2011, Kim et al., 2010) shadok (Ferrandon et al., 2001) unnamed (Corbo and Levine, 1996)
Name Synonym	immune deficiency (Lazzaro et al., 2006, Kim et al., 2006, Tingvall et al., 2001, Kim et al., 2010) Immune deficiency (Lazzaro et al., 2004) immune deficient (Zerofsky et al., 2005) Immunodeficiency (Corbo, 1995.6.4)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0034344 FBgn0046434
References ( 205 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 205 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 112 ) Supplementary material  ( 9 ) Review  ( 35 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 8 ) Abstract  ( 31 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 3 ) Computer file  ( 3 ) Patent  ( 1 ) Conference report  ( 1 ) Automatic genome annotation  ( 1 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 15 )
	Chang et al., 2012, Dev. Comp. Immunol. 36(2): 274--278 Loss of Hemolectin reduces the survival of Drosophila larvae after wounding. [FBrf0216558] Douglas et al., 2011, Proc. Biol. Sci. 278(1704): 333--338 How the insect immune system interacts with an obligate symbiotic bacterium. [FBrf0212672] Galac and Lazzaro, 2011, Microbes Infect. 13(7): 673--683 Comparative pathology of bacteria in the genus Providencia to a natural host, Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0214338] Glittenberg et al., 2011, Dis. Model Mech. 4(4): 515--525 Pathogen and host factors are needed to provoke a systemic host response to gastrointestinal infection of Drosophila larvae by Candida albicans. [FBrf0214008] Guntermann and Foley, 2011, J. Biol. Chem. 286(35): 30284--30294 The Protein Dredd Is an Essential Component of the c-Jun N-terminal Kinase Pathway in the Drosophila Immune Response. [FBrf0214801] Herren and Lemaitre, 2011, Cell. Microbiol. 13(9): 1385--1396 Spiroplasma and host immunity: activation of humoral immune responses increases endosymbiont load and susceptibility to certain Gram-negative bacterial pathogens in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0214693] Morozova et al., 2011, Genetics 187(4): 1193--1205 Transcriptional networks for alcohol sensitivity in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0214377] Chen et al., 2010, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107(48): 20774--20779 Participation of the p38 pathway in Drosophila host defense against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. [FBrf0212390] Junell et al., 2010, Mol. Cell. Biol. 30(14): 3672--3684 The POU transcription factor Drifter/Ventral veinless regulates expression of Drosophila immune defense genes. [FBrf0211117] Kim et al., 2010, Exp. Gerontol. 45(12): 984--987 Enhancement of stress resistances and downregulation of Imd pathway by lower developmental temperature in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0212401] Kong et al., 2010, Alcoholism, Clin. Exp. Res. 34(2): 302--316 Ethanol-regulated genes that contribute to ethanol sensitivity and rapid tolerance in Drosophila. [FBrf0209720] Paquette et al., 2010, Mol. Cell 37(2): 172--182 Caspase-Mediated Cleavage, IAP Binding, and Ubiquitination: Linking Three Mechanisms Crucial for Drosophila NF-kappaB Signaling. [FBrf0209837] Tang et al., 2010, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107(29): 12935--12940 Adverse interactions between micro-RNAs and target genes from different species. [FBrf0211343] Tanji et al., 2010, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107(33): 14715--14720 Heterodimers of NF-{kappa}B transcription factors DIF and Relish regulate antimicrobial peptide genes in Drosophila. [FBrf0211616] Valanne et al., 2010, J. Immunol. 184(11): 6188--6198 Genome-wide RNA interference in Drosophila cells identifies G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 as a conserved regulator of NF-kappaB signaling. [FBrf0210846] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2010 Show reviews ...