The gene Insulin-like receptor is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\InR (CG18402, FBgn0013984). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: protein binding; insulin-activated receptor activity; protein tyrosine kinase activity. There is experimental evidence for 28 unique biological process terms, many of which group under: single-organism developmental process; biological regulation; growth; response to stress; developmental growth; cellular component organization or biogenesis; multicellular organism reproduction; regulation of multicellular organismal process; embryonic development via the syncytial blastoderm; response to DNA damage stimulus; macromolecule modification; positive regulation of cell proliferation; male germ-line stem cell division; determination of adult lifespan; multi-organism reproductive process; locomotory behavior; response to decreased oxygen levels; rhythmic process. 92 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system; organ system subdivision; adult segment; thoracic segment; imaginal precursor; external compound sense organ; appendage segment; larval head segment; adult; eo support cell; ectoderm derivative. It has 4 annotated transcripts and 4 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: EGF receptor, L domain; Fibronectin, type III; Furin-like cysteine-rich domain; Furin-like repeat; Growth factor, receptor; Immunoglobulin-like fold; Protein kinase, ATP binding site; Protein kinase, catalytic domain; Protein kinase-like domain; Serine-threonine/tyrosine-protein kinase catalytic domain; Tyrosine-protein kinase, active site; Tyrosine-protein kinase, catalytic domain; Tyrosine-protein kinase, receptor class II, conserved site. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderate expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed at stages throughout embryogenesis, during late larval stages, at stages throughout the pupal period, in adult female stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval/adult central nervous system, adult fat body, adult ovary. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1629141_at completely aligns to an exonic region common to each of the 4 FlyBase-annotated transcript isoforms of InR. Gene sequence location is 3R:17395970..17445043.
User Contributed Data
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley
& Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ
from current usage
Inr: Insulin receptor
Encodes the insulin-binding (α) and insulin-dependent protein tyrosine kinase (β) subunits of the insulin
receptor of Drosophila melanogaster. In Drosophila cell lines
the insulin receptor contains insulin-binding α subunits of
110 or 120 kd, a 95-kd β subunit that is phosphorylated on
tyrosine in response to insulin, and a 170-kd protein that may
be an incompletely processed receptor. All of the components
are processed from a proreceptor, joined by disulfide bonds,
and exposed on the cell surface (Petruzzelli et al., 1985a,
1985b, 1986; Fernandez-Almonacid and Rosen, 1987). Subunits
in man and in Drosophila are similar both in molecular structure and in insulin-binding and protein tyrosine kinase
activities; the latter activity is detected only during certain embryonic periods in Drosophila.
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The InR protein juxtamembrane NPXY motif is needed for efficient phosphorylation of chico protein, and the InR C-terminal NPXY motifs are necessary for stable interaction with chico protein.
The 90kD β subunit of InR protein is derived
from proteolytic processing of the larger 170kD β subunit after removal
of a 60kD carboxy-terminal free peptide.
The 2146aa InR proreceptor is processed into the 120kD α and 170kD β InR subunits. The 170kD β subunit is further processed into a 90kD β subunit and a 60kD free carboxyl polypeptide. The subunits assemble into mature InR receptors with the structure α2(β170)2 and α2(β90)2.
An antibody prepared against a part of the human insulin receptor peptide that is conserved in the Drosophila sequence reacts with a 95kD polypeptide in Drosophila which is presumed to be an autophosphorylated β subunit of the receptor.
InR protein is abundant and widely distributed from the beginning of cellularization to the onset of gastrulation. It is found in all three germ layers in stage 9-11 embryos. It is particularly prominent in the posterior midgut primordium, epidermis and neuroblasts. By stage 12, strong expression is seen in the epidermis, the midgut, the hindgut, and in a segmentally repeated pattern in the ventral cord. In late embryonic stages, staining persists in both cell bodies and axons along the ventral nerve cord and in the supraoesophageal ganglion.
Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval/adult central nervous system, adult fat body, adult ovary.
[download data (TSV)]
Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors
No expression (0 - 9.999)
Low expression (10 - 99.999)
Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)
High level expression (500 - 999.999)
Very high expression (>999.999)
Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
203.625
Larval Midgut
54.6
Larval Hindgut
64.3
Larval Malpighian Tubules
83.7
Larval Fat Body
72.4
Larval Salivary Gland
63.8
Larval Trachea
73.425
Larval Carcass
72.875
Adult Head
45.6
Adult Eye
88.85
Adult Brain
101.4
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
107.6
Adult Crop
83.8
Adult Midgut
58.1
Adult Hindgut
74.7
Adult Malpighian Tubules
46.5
Adult Fat Body
162.8
Adult Salivary Gland
57.3
Adult Heart
91.975
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
80
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
82.8
Adult Ovary
101.5
Adult Testis
24.4
Adult Male Accessory Gland
42.8
Adult Carcass
62.2
Expression Level Scale
None
Low
Moderate
Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
203.625
Larval Midgut
54.6
Larval Hindgut
64.3
Larval Malpighian Tubules
83.7
Larval Fat Body
72.4
Larval Salivary Gland
63.8
Larval Trachea
73.425
Larval Carcass
72.875
Adult Head
45.6
Adult Eye
88.85
Adult Brain
101.4
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
107.6
Adult Crop
83.8
Adult Midgut
58.1
Adult Hindgut
74.7
Adult Malpighian Tubules
46.5
Adult Fat Body
162.8
Adult Salivary Gland
57.3
Adult Heart
91.975
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
80
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
82.8
Adult Ovary
101.5
Adult Testis
24.4
Adult Male Accessory Gland
42.8
Adult Carcass
62.2
Expression Level Scale
None
Low
Moderate
High
Linear, scaled to High level expression
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
203.625
Larval Midgut
54.6
Larval Hindgut
64.3
Larval Malpighian Tubules
83.7
Larval Fat Body
72.4
Larval Salivary Gland
63.8
Larval Trachea
73.425
Larval Carcass
72.875
Adult Head
45.6
Adult Eye
88.85
Adult Brain
101.4
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
107.6
Adult Crop
83.8
Adult Midgut
58.1
Adult Hindgut
74.7
Adult Malpighian Tubules
46.5
Adult Fat Body
162.8
Adult Salivary Gland
57.3
Adult Heart
91.975
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
80
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
82.8
Adult Ovary
101.5
Adult Testis
24.4
Adult Male Accessory Gland
42.8
Adult Carcass
62.2
Expression Level Scale
None
Low
Moderate
High
Very high
Linear, scaled to Very high expression
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
203.625
Larval Midgut
54.6
Larval Hindgut
64.3
Larval Malpighian Tubules
83.7
Larval Fat Body
72.4
Larval Salivary Gland
63.8
Larval Trachea
73.425
Larval Carcass
72.875
Adult Head
45.6
Adult Eye
88.85
Adult Brain
101.4
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
107.6
Adult Crop
83.8
Adult Midgut
58.1
Adult Hindgut
74.7
Adult Malpighian Tubules
46.5
Adult Fat Body
162.8
Adult Salivary Gland
57.3
Adult Heart
91.975
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
80
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
82.8
Adult Ovary
101.5
Adult Testis
24.4
Adult Male Accessory Gland
42.8
Adult Carcass
62.2
Expression Level Scale
Very high
log, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
203.625
Larval Midgut
54.6
Larval Hindgut
64.3
Larval Malpighian Tubules
83.7
Larval Fat Body
72.4
Larval Salivary Gland
63.8
Larval Trachea
73.425
Larval Carcass
72.875
Adult Head
45.6
Adult Eye
88.85
Adult Brain
101.4
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
107.6
Adult Crop
83.8
Adult Midgut
58.1
Adult Hindgut
74.7
Adult Malpighian Tubules
46.5
Adult Fat Body
162.8
Adult Salivary Gland
57.3
Adult Heart
91.975
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
80
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
82.8
Adult Ovary
101.5
Adult Testis
24.4
Adult Male Accessory Gland
42.8
Adult Carcass
62.2
Expression Level Scale
None
Low
Moderate
log, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
203.625
Larval Midgut
54.6
Larval Hindgut
64.3
Larval Malpighian Tubules
83.7
Larval Fat Body
72.4
Larval Salivary Gland
63.8
Larval Trachea
73.425
Larval Carcass
72.875
Adult Head
45.6
Adult Eye
88.85
Adult Brain
101.4
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
107.6
Adult Crop
83.8
Adult Midgut
58.1
Adult Hindgut
74.7
Adult Malpighian Tubules
46.5
Adult Fat Body
162.8
Adult Salivary Gland
57.3
Adult Heart
91.975
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
80
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
82.8
Adult Ovary
101.5
Adult Testis
24.4
Adult Male Accessory Gland
42.8
Adult Carcass
62.2
Expression Level Scale
None
Low
Moderate
High
log, scaled to High level expression
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
203.625
Larval Midgut
54.6
Larval Hindgut
64.3
Larval Malpighian Tubules
83.7
Larval Fat Body
72.4
Larval Salivary Gland
63.8
Larval Trachea
73.425
Larval Carcass
72.875
Adult Head
45.6
Adult Eye
88.85
Adult Brain
101.4
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
107.6
Adult Crop
83.8
Adult Midgut
58.1
Adult Hindgut
74.7
Adult Malpighian Tubules
46.5
Adult Fat Body
162.8
Adult Salivary Gland
57.3
Adult Heart
91.975
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
80
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
82.8
Adult Ovary
101.5
Adult Testis
24.4
Adult Male Accessory Gland
42.8
Adult Carcass
62.2
Expression Level Scale
None
Low
Moderate
High
Very high
log, scaled to Very high expression
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
203.625
Larval Midgut
54.6
Larval Hindgut
64.3
Larval Malpighian Tubules
83.7
Larval Fat Body
72.4
Larval Salivary Gland
63.8
Larval Trachea
73.425
Larval Carcass
72.875
Adult Head
45.6
Adult Eye
88.85
Adult Brain
101.4
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
107.6
Adult Crop
83.8
Adult Midgut
58.1
Adult Hindgut
74.7
Adult Malpighian Tubules
46.5
Adult Fat Body
162.8
Adult Salivary Gland
57.3
Adult Heart
91.975
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
80
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
82.8
Adult Ovary
101.5
Adult Testis
24.4
Adult Male Accessory Gland
42.8
Adult Carcass
62.2
Expression Level Scale
None
Low
Moderate
High
Very high
Heatmap
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
Larval Midgut
Larval Hindgut
Larval Malpighian Tubules
Larval Fat Body
Larval Salivary Gland
Larval Trachea
Larval Carcass
Adult Head
Adult Eye
Adult Brain
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
Adult Crop
Adult Midgut
Adult Hindgut
Adult Malpighian Tubules
Adult Fat Body
Adult Salivary Gland
Adult Heart
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
Adult Ovary
Adult Testis
Adult Male Accessory Gland
Adult Carcass
FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult
Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderate expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed at stages throughout embryogenesis, during late larval stages, at stages throughout the pupal period, in adult female stages.
[download data (TSV)]
Please Note FlyBase no
longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list
may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 59 )
Please Note
This section lists
cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent
of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs
of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes.
Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs
to the gene model.
When dsRNA constructs are made and transiently transfected into S2 cells in RNAi experiments, a decrease in the ratio of cells in prometaphase and metaphase versus the total number of mitotic cells is seen.
InR is required for photoreceptor cell axons to find their way from the retina to the brain during development of the visual system. This function is independent of chico.
InR has been cloned, primary structure determined, functional expression of the predicted polypeptide analysed and mutations isolated. Loss of function mutations cause pleiotropic recessive phenotypes that lead to embryonic lethality. InR activity is required in the embryonic epidermis and nervous system.
Chimeric receptors containing either all or a portion of the cytoplasmic domain of Drosophila InR are indistinguishable from the human insulin receptor in terms of signalling when transfected into COS-7 or CHO cells.
InR carboxy terminus undergoes a conformational change during the activation-inactivation cycle of the kinase which can be sterically hindered by an antipeptide antibody against the carboxy terminus. Conformational changes have also been observed in the mammalian insulin receptor.
The temporal and spatial restriction of the InR protein to the developing neuromuscular junction suggests that it might be involved in the expansion and maturation of motor innervation during larval growth.
InR is synthesized from a higher molecular weight precursor. Processed InR is an oligomer consisting of insulin binding subunits (α) and protein tyrosine kinase subunits (β).
Insulin-dependent protein tyrosine kinase activity is differentially expressed during development, peaks during embryogenesis, suggesting that insulin may be involved in tissue and organ differentiation during embryogenesis.
A specific high affinity insulin binding protein, a membrane associated glycoprotein with an Mr of 300,000 to 400,000, has been found that binds bovine and porcine insulin.
bantam miRNA Promotes Systemic Growth by Connecting Insulin Signaling and Ecdysone Production. [FBrf0221079]
Buszard et al., 2013, Mol. Cell. Biol. 33(7): 1345--1356
The Nucleus- and Endoplasmic Reticulum-Targeted Forms of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 61F Regulate Drosophila Growth, Life Span, and Fecundity. [FBrf0220991]
Okamoto et al., 2013, Genes Dev. 27(1): 87--97
A secreted decoy of InR antagonizes insulin/IGF signaling to restrict body growth in Drosophila. [FBrf0220509]
Acharya et al., 2012, G3 (Bethesda) 2(11): 1459--1472
Evidence for autoregulation and cell signaling pathway regulation from genome-wide binding of the Drosophila retinoblastoma protein. [FBrf0220009]
Adamson and Lajeunesse, 2012, ScientificWorldJournal 2012: 347597
A Study of Epstein-Barr Virus BRLF1 Activity in a Drosophila Model System. [FBrf0218446]
Alvarez-Ponce et al., 2012, Mol. Biol. Evol. 29(1): 123--132
Molecular Population Genetics of the Insulin/TOR Signal Transduction Pathway: A Network-Level Analysis in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0217435]
Avet-Rochex et al., 2012, Development 139(15): 2763--2772
Concerted control of gliogenesis by InR/TOR and FGF signalling in the Drosophila post-embryonic brain. [FBrf0218842]
Benmimoun et al., 2012, Development 139(10): 1713--1717
Dual role for Insulin/TOR signaling in the control of hematopoietic progenitor maintenance in Drosophila. [FBrf0218049]
Bolukbasi et al., 2012, Open Biol. 2(1): 110031
Drosophila poly suggests a novel role for the Elongator complex in insulin receptor-target of rapamycin signalling. [FBrf0218466]
Chakrabarti et al., 2012, Cell Host Microbe 12(1): 60--70
Infection-induced host translational blockage inhibits immune responses and epithelial renewal in the Drosophila gut. [FBrf0218984]
Cormier et al., 2012, Autophagy 8(2): 252--264
Autophagy can promote but is not required for epithelial cell extrusion in the amnioserosa of the Drosophila embryo. [FBrf0217799]
Defays and Bertoli, 2012, Alcohol 46(8): 737--745
Quantitative trait loci for response to ethanol in an intercontinental set of recombinant inbred lines of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0220080]
Erion et al., 2012, J. Biol. Chem. 287(39): 32406--32414
Interaction between Sleep and Metabolism in Drosophila with Altered Octopamine Signaling. [FBrf0219526]
Fabian et al., 2012, Mol. Ecol. 21(19): 4748--4769
Genome-wide patterns of latitudinal differentiation among populations of Drosophila melanogaster from North America. [FBrf0219505]
Green and Extavour, 2012, Dev. Biol. 372(1): 120--130
Convergent evolution of a reproductive trait through distinct developmental mechanisms in Drosophila. [FBrf0219715]
Gurudatta et al., 2012, Dev. Biol. 369(1): 124--132
The BEAF insulator regulates genes involved in cell polarity and neoplastic growth. [FBrf0219796]
Hazelett et al., 2012, G3 (Bethesda) 2(7): 789--802
Comparison of Parallel High-Throughput RNA Sequencing Between Knockout of TDP-43 and Its Overexpression Reveals Primarily Nonreciprocal and Nonoverlapping Gene Expression Changes in the Central Nervous System of Drosophila. [FBrf0219102]
Jin et al., 2012, Genes Dev. 26(13): 1427--1432
Conserved microRNA miR-8 controls body size in response to steroid signaling in Drosophila. [FBrf0218738]
Korenjak et al., 2012, Mol. Cell. Biol. 32(21): 4375--4387
RBF Binding to both Canonical E2F Targets and Noncanonical Targets Depends on Functional dE2F/dDP Complexes. [FBrf0219643]
Kuo et al., 2012, PLoS Genet. 8(4): e1002684
Insulin signaling mediates sexual attractiveness in Drosophila. [FBrf0218255]
Mann et al., 2012, Development 139(4): 760--771
A putative tyrosine phosphorylation site of the cell surface receptor Golden goal is involved in synaptic layer selection in the visual system. [FBrf0217291]
Marshall et al., 2012, EMBO J. 31(8): 1916--1930
Nutrient/TOR-dependent regulation of RNA polymerase III controls tissue and organismal growth in Drosophila. [FBrf0218035]
Noebels et al., 2012, J. Exp. Biol. 215(15): 2696--2702
Insulin signalling in mushroom body neurons regulates feeding behaviour in Drosophila larvae. [FBrf0218937]
Pritchett and McCall, 2012, Cell Death Differ. 19(6): 1069--1079
Role of the insulin/Tor signaling network in starvation-induced programmed cell death in Drosophila oogenesis. [FBrf0218230]
Rideout et al., 2012, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109(4): 1139--1144
Drosophila RNA polymerase III repressor Maf1 controls body size and developmental timing by modulating tRNAiMet synthesis and systemic insulin signaling. [FBrf0217359]
Roth et al., 2012, Mol. Biol. Cell 23(8): 1524--1532
Centrosome misorientation mediates slowing of the cell cycle under limited nutrient conditions in Drosophila male germline stem cells. [FBrf0218033]
Shim et al., 2012, Nat. Cell Biol. 14(4): 394--400
Direct sensing of systemic and nutritional signals by haematopoietic progenitors in Drosophila. [FBrf0217918]
Siddiqui et al., 2012, Genome Biol. 13(2): R11
Genome-wide analysis of the maternal-to-zygotic transition in Drosophila primordial germ cells. [FBrf0218847]
Stafford et al., 2012, J. Neurosci. 32(42): 14767--14774
Integration of taste and calorie sensing in Drosophila. [FBrf0219704]
Straßburger et al., 2012, Dev. Biol. 367(2): 187--196
Insulin/IGF signaling drives cell proliferation in part via Yorkie/YAP. [FBrf0218526]
Tokusumi et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(7): e41604
Gene regulatory networks controlling hematopoietic progenitor niche cell production and differentiation in the Drosophila lymph gland. [FBrf0219204]
Wang et al., 2012, Sci. Rep. 2: 563
Akt signaling-associated metabolic effects of dietary gold nanoparticles in Drosophila. [FBrf0219113]
Abruzzi et al., 2011, Genes Dev. 25(22): 2374--2386
Genome-wide dFOXO targets and topology of the transcriptomic response to stress and insulin signalling. [FBrf0214014]
Cheng et al., 2011, Cell 146(3): 435--447
Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Spares Organ Growth during Nutrient Restriction in Drosophila. [FBrf0214599]
Choi et al., 2011, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108(46): 18702--18707
Nonautonomous regulation of Drosophila midgut stem cell proliferation by the insulin-signaling pathway. [FBrf0216787]
Davis et al., 2011, BMC Dev. Biol. 11: 66
Identification of common and cell type specific LXXLL motif EcR cofactors using a bioinformatics refined candidate RNAi screen in Drosophila melanogaster cell lines. [FBrf0216830]
Friedman et al., 2011, Sci. Signal. 4(196): rs10
Proteomic and functional genomic landscape of receptor tyrosine kinase and ras to extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling. [FBrf0216513]
Gibbens et al., 2011, Development 138(13): 2693--2703
Neuroendocrine regulation of Drosophila metamorphosis requires TGF{beta}/Activin signaling. [FBrf0213899]
Glatter et al., 2011, Mol. Syst. Biol. 7: 547
Modularity and hormone sensitivity of the Drosophila melanogaster insulin receptor/target of rapamycin interaction proteome. [FBrf0216604]
Hsu and Drummond-Barbosa, 2011, Dev. Biol. 350(2): 290--300
Insulin signals control the competence of the Drosophila female germline stem cell niche to respond to Notch ligands. [FBrf0212882]
Karpac et al., 2011, Dev. Cell 20(6): 841--854
Dynamic coordination of innate immune signaling and insulin signaling regulates systemic responses to localized DNA damage. [FBrf0213873]
Ling and Salvaterra, 2011, PLoS ONE 6(3): e17762
Robust RT-qPCR Data Normalization: Validation and Selection of Internal Reference Genes during Post-Experimental Data Analysis. [FBrf0213272]
Liu et al., 2011, J. Genet. Genomics 38(6): 225--234
Drosophila sbo regulates lifespan through its function in the synthesis of coenzyme Q in vivo. [FBrf0214012]
Luo et al., 2011, Development 138(13): 2761--2771
Direct targets of the D. melanogaster DSXF protein and the evolution of sexual development. [FBrf0213878]
Madan et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(9): e24766
Modulation of catalytic activity in multi-domain protein tyrosine phosphatases. [FBrf0215568]
McClure et al., 2011, Dis. Model Mech. 4(3): 335--346
A Drosophila model for fetal alcohol syndrome disorders: role for the insulin pathway. [FBrf0213698]
Murillo-Maldonado et al., 2011, Diabetes 60(5): 1632--1636
Drosophila insulin pathway mutants affect visual physiology and brain function besides growth, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism. [FBrf0213585]
Murillo-Maldonado et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(11): e28067
Insulin Receptor-Mediated Signaling via Phospholipase C-γ Regulates Growth and Differentiation in Drosophila. [FBrf0216849]
Powis and Macdougall, 2011, Cell. Signal. 23(7): 1153--1161
The localisation of PtdIns3P in Drosophila fat responds to nutrients but not insulin: a role for Class III but not Class II phosphoinositide 3-kinases. [FBrf0213460]
Resnik-Docampo and de Celis, 2011, PLoS ONE 6(1): e14528
MAP4K3 Is a Component of the TORC1 Signalling Complex that Modulates Cell Growth and Viability in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0212911]
Root et al., 2011, Cell 145(1): 133--144
Presynaptic facilitation by neuropeptide signaling mediates odor-driven food search. [FBrf0213351]
Ruaud et al., 2011, Mol. Endocrinol. 25(1): 83--91
The Drosophila NR4A Nuclear Receptor DHR38 Regulates Carbohydrate Metabolism and Glycogen Storage. [FBrf0212569]
Sajid et al., 2011, J. Biol. Chem. 286(1): 661--673
Structural and Biological Properties of the Drosophila Insulin-like Peptide 5 Show Evolutionary Conservation. [FBrf0212648]
Slack et al., 2011, Aging Cell 10(5): 735--748
dFOXO-independent effects of reduced insulin-like signaling in Drosophila. [FBrf0215229]
Sousa-Nunes et al., 2011, Nature 471(7339): 508--512
Fat cells reactivate quiescent neuroblasts via TOR and glial insulin relays in Drosophila. [FBrf0214426]
Storelli et al., 2011, Cell Metab. 14(3): 403--414
Lactobacillus plantarum Promotes Drosophila Systemic Growth by Modulating Hormonal Signals through TOR-Dependent Nutrient Sensing. [FBrf0215245]
Söderberg et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(5): e19866
Insulin Production and Signaling in Renal Tubules of Drosophila Is under Control of Tachykinin-Related Peptide and Regulates Stress Resistance. [FBrf0213657]
Tang et al., 2011, PLoS Genet. 7(11): e1002373
FOXO Regulates Organ-Specific Phenotypic Plasticity In Drosophila. [FBrf0216701]
Wang et al., 2011, Cell Cycle 10(16): 2628--2634
Regulation of adult stem cell behavior by nutrient signaling. [FBrf0214811]
Wigby et al., 2011, Proc. Biol. Sci. 278(1704): 424--431
Insulin signalling regulates remating in female Drosophila. [FBrf0212666]
Wu et al., 2011, Biochem. J. 439(1): 151--159
Dock/Nck facilitates PTP61F/PTP1B regulation of insulin signalling. [FBrf0215594]
Zhang et al., 2011, PLoS Genet. 7(12): e1002429
MAPK/ERK Signaling Regulates Insulin Sensitivity to Control Glucose Metabolism in Drosophila. [FBrf0217206]
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