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Gene Dmel\Pak

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Pak	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	PAK-kinase	Annotation symbol	CG10295
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0014001
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	15 publicly available
Also Known As	DPAK, PAK1, dPAK1, DmPAK1
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3R	Recombination map	3-
Cytogenetic map	83E4-83E4	Sequence location	3R:2,176,618..2,187,336 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene PAK-kinase is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\Pak (CG10295, FBgn0014001). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: protein serine/threonine kinase activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: regulation of cell shape; dorsal closure; regulation of axonogenesis; axon guidance; cell adhesion; regulation of synapse structure and activity; septate junction assembly. 50 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system subdivision; organ system; adult segment; multicellular structure; peripheral nervous system; larval head segment; adult antennal lobe; adult; postsynaptic membrane; imaginal precursor. It has 9 annotated transcripts and 9 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: PAK-box/P21-Rho-binding; Protein kinase, ATP binding site; Protein kinase, catalytic domain; Protein kinase-like domain; Serine/threonine- / dual specificity protein kinase, catalytic domain; Serine/threonine-protein kinase, active site. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system, adult crop, larval/adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, larval/adult Malpighian tubules, larval fat body, larval/adult salivary gland, adult female reproductive system, adult male accessory gland, larval carcass. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1634405_s_at completely aligns to an exonic region common to each of the 4 FlyBase-annotated transcript isoforms of Pak. Gene sequence location is 3R:2176618..2187336.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
External Summaries
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03	Alleles Pak[Scer\UAS.T:SV5\V5] Controlled Vocabulary Terms positive regulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction Transgenic Constructs P{UAS-V5-Pak}
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 83E4-83E4   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}casj1C2 and P{PZ}lab01241
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 83E4-83E6   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Ranz et al., 2001) 83E-83E     (Harden, 1996.2.16) 83E-83E   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Harden et al., 1996)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	3- (Harden, 1996.2.16)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Pak for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.47 Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR. Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated. Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) Pak-RA FBtr0081715  NM_169136   3465   704 Pak-RB FBtr0081716  NM_079942   3171   704 Pak-RC FBtr0081714  NM_169137   3068   704 Pak-RE FBtr0334539  NM_001275380   3167   704 Pak-RF FBtr0334540  NM_001275381   3580   840 Pak-RG FBtr0334541  NM_001144541   3671   840 Pak-RH FBtr0334542  NM_001275382   5196   840 Pak-RI FBtr0334543  NM_001275383   4937   840 Pak-RJ FBtr0334544  NM_001275384   4827   704
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	4.3 (northern blot) (Harden et al., 1996)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein Pak-PA   FBpp0081212   76.2   704   7.40     NP_731073   AAF54131 Pak-PB   FBpp0081213   76.2   704   7.40     NP_524681   AAF54132 Pak-PC   FBpp0081211   76.2   704   7.40     NP_731074   AAN13373 Pak-PE   FBpp0306606   76.2   704   7.40     NP_001262309   AGB95692 Pak-PF   FBpp0306607   89.8   840   6.82     NP_001262310   AGB95693 Pak-PG   FBpp0306608   89.8   840   6.82     NP_001138013   ACL83472 Pak-PH   FBpp0306609   89.8   840   6.82     NP_001262311   AGB95694 Pak-PI   FBpp0306610   89.8   840   6.82     NP_001262312   AGB95695 Pak-PJ   FBpp0306611   76.2   704   7.40     NP_001262313   AGB95696
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	704 (aa); 75 (kD observed); 76 (kD predicted) (Harden et al., 1996)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • PAK-box/P21-Rho-binding (IPR000095) Protein kinase, catalytic domain (IPR000719) Serine/threonine- / dual specificity protein kinase, catalytic domain (IPR002290) Serine/threonine-protein kinase, active site (IPR008271) Protein kinase-like domain (IPR011009) Protein kinase, ATP binding site (IPR017441)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA202223   AA202895   AA391671   AA439598   AA440782   AA538998   AA540900   AA540983   AA541009   AA541035   AE014297 AAF54131   AE014297 AAF54132   AE014297 AAN13373   AE014297 ACL83472   AE014297 AGB95692   AE014297 AGB95693   AE014297 AGB95694   AE014297 AGB95695   AE014297 AGB95696   AI238722   AI455011   AI542289   AW942577   BE978614   BF502547   BI166703   BI172067   BI173117   BI213683   BI214018   BI214183   BI215208   BI215317   BI215936   BI216166   BI228307   BI233208   BI233230   BI238224   BI241980   BI356824   BI366081   BI366532   BI367887   BI369130   BI375495   BI375654   BI484440   BI485843   BP540283   BT010291 AAQ23609   CL528257   CO179132   CO188449   CO274065   CO275789   CO295284   CO298974   CO299822   CO299833   CO301515   CO306049   CO306364   CO319077   CO333767   CO336608   CO343536   CZ468411   CZ469692   CZ477392   CZ478242   CZ483485   CZ483486   EC053511   EC053541   EC055889   EC062780   EC064190   EC065832   EC067002   EC067691   EC087246   EC090452   EC202657   EC214639   EC216810   EC218104   EC220301   EC220903   EC230299   EC238446   EC239922   EC245623   EC250297   EC252340   EV576498   FE862766   FE862814   FE862871   FE862926   FE863375   GH742891   GH767265   GH767702   GH768699   GH769209   U49446 AAC47094   U56080 AAB01209
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q9VI13 Q24213 Q24190 B7Z0W0
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 1 -- 3   organism | intense & ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:maternally deposited embryonic stage 4 -- 6   organism | gap expression pattern   (Fisher et al., 2012) organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 7 -- 8   antennal anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage central brain anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage dorsal head epidermis anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage visual anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage embryonic stage 9 -- 10   antennal primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium central brain primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium visual primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium dorsal head epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium lateral head epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium ventral head epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium ventral nerve cord primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 11 -- 12   antennal primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalon primordium central brain primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalon primordium dorsal head epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalon primordium lateral head epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalon primordium ventral head epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalon primordium visual primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalon primordium ventral nerve cord primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 13 -- 16   embryonic brain   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral nerve cord   (Fisher et al., 2012) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   organism | ubiquitous   (Harden et al., 1996) embryonic stage -- adult stage     (Harden et al., 1996) embryonic stage 11 -- 14   amnioserosa | surrounding   (Harden et al., 1996) embryonic stage 15 -- 17   presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system   (Harden et al., 1996) embryonic/larval dorsal vessel   (Harden et al., 1996) muscle attachment site   (Harden et al., 1996)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Pak transcripts are detected throughout development on northern blots. Transcripts are detected ubiquitously throughout embryogenesis by in situ hybridization. Elevated transcript levels are observed in particular cells. From stage 11 until dorsal closure, elevated levels are seen in epidermal cells flanking the amnioserosa, particularly in two cells flanking each segment border. After dorsal closure, elevated transcript levels are observed in the dorsal vessel, in the CNS, and at muscle attachment sites. (Harden et al., 1996)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage | late   muscle attachment site   (Harden et al., 1996) embryonic/larval dorsal vessel   (Harden et al., 1996) embryonic stage   organism | ubiquitous   (Harden et al., 1996) embryonic stage 11 -- 14   amnioserosa | surrounding   (Harden et al., 1996) embryonic stage 12 -- 17   posterior commissure   (Harden et al., 1996) presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system   (Harden et al., 1996) longitudinal connective   (Harden et al., 1996) anterior commissure   (Harden et al., 1996) third instar larval stage   synapse | restricted   (Graf et al., 2009) Comment:Postsynaptic. wandering third instar larval stage   type I bouton   • postsynaptic density (Coyle et al., 2004) adult stage   lamina neuropil | restricted   (Hamanaka and Meinertzhagen, 2010) medulla | faint & restricted   (Hamanaka and Meinertzhagen, 2010)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Pak protein is detected ubiquitously during embryogenesis. Elevated protein levels are observed in particular cells in late embryonic stages. Heavy staining is observed in the dorsal vessel and at muscle attachment sites. Beginning at stage 12, staining is observed in the longitudinal connectives and commissures of the CNS. Pak protein levels are also elevated in the first row of epidermal cells surrounding the amnioserosa and more particularly at the leading edge of these cells. Levels are elevated in one to six cells flanking each segment border. (Harden et al., 1996) Pak is expressed weakly in central brain neuropils, and shows a punctate distribution where it is expressed. (Hamanaka and Meinertzhagen, 2010)
Marker for
	postsynaptic density
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
cytoskeleton inferred from mutant phenotype (Conder et al., 2004) focal adhesion inferred from direct assay (Harden et al., 1996) lateral plasma membrane inferred from direct assay (Bahri et al., 2010)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system, adult crop, larval/adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, larval/adult Malpighian tubules, larval fat body, larval/adult salivary gland, adult female reproductive system, adult male accessory gland, larval carcass. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    245.8 Larval Midgut    484.5 Larval Hindgut    336.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    173 Larval Fat Body    121.1 Larval Salivary Gland    146.4 Larval Trachea    78.975 Larval Carcass    185.7 Adult Head    75.3 Adult Eye    33.6 Adult Brain    88.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    71.7 Adult Crop    143.7 Adult Midgut    402 Adult Hindgut    173.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    116.2 Adult Fat Body    88 Adult Salivary Gland    144.8 Adult Heart    64.775 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    113.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    154.2 Adult Ovary    198.3 Adult Testis    52.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    158 Adult Carcass    77.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    245.8 Larval Midgut    484.5 Larval Hindgut    336.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    173 Larval Fat Body    121.1 Larval Salivary Gland    146.4 Larval Trachea    78.975 Larval Carcass    185.7 Adult Head    75.3 Adult Eye    33.6 Adult Brain    88.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    71.7 Adult Crop    143.7 Adult Midgut    402 Adult Hindgut    173.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    116.2 Adult Fat Body    88 Adult Salivary Gland    144.8 Adult Heart    64.775 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    113.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    154.2 Adult Ovary    198.3 Adult Testis    52.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    158 Adult Carcass    77.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    245.8 Larval Midgut    484.5 Larval Hindgut    336.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    173 Larval Fat Body    121.1 Larval Salivary Gland    146.4 Larval Trachea    78.975 Larval Carcass    185.7 Adult Head    75.3 Adult Eye    33.6 Adult Brain    88.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    71.7 Adult Crop    143.7 Adult Midgut    402 Adult Hindgut    173.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    116.2 Adult Fat Body    88 Adult Salivary Gland    144.8 Adult Heart    64.775 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    113.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    154.2 Adult Ovary    198.3 Adult Testis    52.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    158 Adult Carcass    77.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    245.8 Larval Midgut    484.5 Larval Hindgut    336.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    173 Larval Fat Body    121.1 Larval Salivary Gland    146.4 Larval Trachea    78.975 Larval Carcass    185.7 Adult Head    75.3 Adult Eye    33.6 Adult Brain    88.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    71.7 Adult Crop    143.7 Adult Midgut    402 Adult Hindgut    173.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    116.2 Adult Fat Body    88 Adult Salivary Gland    144.8 Adult Heart    64.775 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    113.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    154.2 Adult Ovary    198.3 Adult Testis    52.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    158 Adult Carcass    77.9 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    245.8 Larval Midgut    484.5 Larval Hindgut    336.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    173 Larval Fat Body    121.1 Larval Salivary Gland    146.4 Larval Trachea    78.975 Larval Carcass    185.7 Adult Head    75.3 Adult Eye    33.6 Adult Brain    88.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    71.7 Adult Crop    143.7 Adult Midgut    402 Adult Hindgut    173.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    116.2 Adult Fat Body    88 Adult Salivary Gland    144.8 Adult Heart    64.775 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    113.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    154.2 Adult Ovary    198.3 Adult Testis    52.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    158 Adult Carcass    77.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    245.8 Larval Midgut    484.5 Larval Hindgut    336.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    173 Larval Fat Body    121.1 Larval Salivary Gland    146.4 Larval Trachea    78.975 Larval Carcass    185.7 Adult Head    75.3 Adult Eye    33.6 Adult Brain    88.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    71.7 Adult Crop    143.7 Adult Midgut    402 Adult Hindgut    173.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    116.2 Adult Fat Body    88 Adult Salivary Gland    144.8 Adult Heart    64.775 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    113.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    154.2 Adult Ovary    198.3 Adult Testis    52.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    158 Adult Carcass    77.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    245.8 Larval Midgut    484.5 Larval Hindgut    336.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    173 Larval Fat Body    121.1 Larval Salivary Gland    146.4 Larval Trachea    78.975 Larval Carcass    185.7 Adult Head    75.3 Adult Eye    33.6 Adult Brain    88.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    71.7 Adult Crop    143.7 Adult Midgut    402 Adult Hindgut    173.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    116.2 Adult Fat Body    88 Adult Salivary Gland    144.8 Adult Heart    64.775 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    113.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    154.2 Adult Ovary    198.3 Adult Testis    52.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    158 Adult Carcass    77.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    245.8 Larval Midgut    484.5 Larval Hindgut    336.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    173 Larval Fat Body    121.1 Larval Salivary Gland    146.4 Larval Trachea    78.975 Larval Carcass    185.7 Adult Head    75.3 Adult Eye    33.6 Adult Brain    88.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    71.7 Adult Crop    143.7 Adult Midgut    402 Adult Hindgut    173.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    116.2 Adult Fat Body    88 Adult Salivary Gland    144.8 Adult Heart    64.775 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    113.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    154.2 Adult Ovary    198.3 Adult Testis    52.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    158 Adult Carcass    77.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    75.3   NA  Eye    33.6   NA  Brain    88.8   245.8  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    71.7   NA  Crop    143.7   484.5  Midgut    402   336.3  Hindgut    173.2   173  Malpighian Tubules    116.2   121.1  Fat Body    88   146.4  Salivary Gland    144.8   NA  Heart    64.775   78.975  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    113.8   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    154.2   NA  Ovary    198.3   NA  Testis    52.3   NA  Male Accessory Gland    158   185.7  Carcass    77.9 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    33 central nervous system, larvae L3    47 central nervous system, pupae P8    45 head, virgin 1-day female    26 head, virgin 4-day female    33 head, virgin 20-day female    18 head, mated 1-day female    29 head, mated 4-day female    26 head, mated 20-day female    17 head, mated 1-day male    41 head, mated 4-day male    48 head, mated 20-day male    35 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    16 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    38 digestive system, 1-day adult    25 digestive system, 4-day adult    28 digestive system, 20-day adult    33 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    15 fat body, white prepupae    40 fat body, pupae P8    28 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    22 carcass, 1-day adult    16 carcass, 4-day adult    19 carcass, 20-day adult    18 ovary, virgin 4-day female    48 ovary, mated 4-day female    60 testis, mated 4-day male    14 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    9 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (33) central nervous system, larvae L3  (47) central nervous system, pupae P8  (45) head, virgin 1-day female  26 head, virgin 4-day female  (33) head, virgin 20-day female    18 head, mated 1-day female  (29) head, mated 4-day female  26 head, mated 20-day female    17 head, mated 1-day male  (41) head, mated 4-day male  (48) head, mated 20-day male  (35) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    16 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering  (38) digestive system, 1-day adult    25 digestive system, 4-day adult  (28) digestive system, 20-day adult  (33) fat body, larvae L3 wandering    15 fat body, white prepupae  (40) fat body, pupae P8  (28) carcass, larvae L3 wandering    22 carcass, 1-day adult    16 carcass, 4-day adult    19 carcass, 20-day adult    18 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (48) ovary, mated 4-day female  (60) testis, mated 4-day male    14 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    9 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    33 central nervous system, larvae L3    47 central nervous system, pupae P8    45 head, virgin 1-day female    26 head, virgin 4-day female    33 head, virgin 20-day female    18 head, mated 1-day female    29 head, mated 4-day female    26 head, mated 20-day female    17 head, mated 1-day male    41 head, mated 4-day male    48 head, mated 20-day male    35 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    16 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    38 digestive system, 1-day adult    25 digestive system, 4-day adult    28 digestive system, 20-day adult    33 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    15 fat body, white prepupae    40 fat body, pupae P8    28 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    22 carcass, 1-day adult    16 carcass, 4-day adult    19 carcass, 20-day adult    18 ovary, virgin 4-day female    48 ovary, mated 4-day female    60 testis, mated 4-day male    14 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    9 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    33 central nervous system, larvae L3    47 central nervous system, pupae P8    45 head, virgin 1-day female    26 head, virgin 4-day female    33 head, virgin 20-day female    18 head, mated 1-day female    29 head, mated 4-day female    26 head, mated 20-day female    17 head, mated 1-day male    41 head, mated 4-day male    48 head, mated 20-day male    35 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    16 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    38 digestive system, 1-day adult    25 digestive system, 4-day adult    28 digestive system, 20-day adult    33 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    15 fat body, white prepupae    40 fat body, pupae P8    28 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    22 carcass, 1-day adult    16 carcass, 4-day adult    19 carcass, 20-day adult    18 ovary, virgin 4-day female    48 ovary, mated 4-day female    60 testis, mated 4-day male    14 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    9 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    33 central nervous system, larvae L3    47 central nervous system, pupae P8    45 head, virgin 1-day female    26 head, virgin 4-day female    33 head, virgin 20-day female    18 head, mated 1-day female    29 head, mated 4-day female    26 head, mated 20-day female    17 head, mated 1-day male    41 head, mated 4-day male    48 head, mated 20-day male    35 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    16 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    38 digestive system, 1-day adult    25 digestive system, 4-day adult    28 digestive system, 20-day adult    33 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    15 fat body, white prepupae    40 fat body, pupae P8    28 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    22 carcass, 1-day adult    16 carcass, 4-day adult    19 carcass, 20-day adult    18 ovary, virgin 4-day female    48 ovary, mated 4-day female    60 testis, mated 4-day male    14 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    9 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (33) central nervous system, larvae L3  (47) central nervous system, pupae P8  (45) head, virgin 1-day female  26 head, virgin 4-day female  (33) head, virgin 20-day female    18 head, mated 1-day female  29 head, mated 4-day female  26 head, mated 20-day female    17 head, mated 1-day male  (41) head, mated 4-day male  (48) head, mated 20-day male  (35) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    16 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering  (38) digestive system, 1-day adult    25 digestive system, 4-day adult  28 digestive system, 20-day adult  (33) fat body, larvae L3 wandering    15 fat body, white prepupae  (40) fat body, pupae P8  28 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    22 carcass, 1-day adult    16 carcass, 4-day adult    19 carcass, 20-day adult    18 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (48) ovary, mated 4-day female  (60) testis, mated 4-day male    14 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    9 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    33 central nervous system, larvae L3    47 central nervous system, pupae P8    45 head, virgin 1-day female    26 head, virgin 4-day female    33 head, virgin 20-day female    18 head, mated 1-day female    29 head, mated 4-day female    26 head, mated 20-day female    17 head, mated 1-day male    41 head, mated 4-day male    48 head, mated 20-day male    35 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    16 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    38 digestive system, 1-day adult    25 digestive system, 4-day adult    28 digestive system, 20-day adult    33 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    15 fat body, white prepupae    40 fat body, pupae P8    28 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    22 carcass, 1-day adult    16 carcass, 4-day adult    19 carcass, 20-day adult    18 ovary, virgin 4-day female    48 ovary, mated 4-day female    60 testis, mated 4-day male    14 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    9 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    33 central nervous system, larvae L3    47 central nervous system, pupae P8    45 head, virgin 1-day female    26 head, virgin 4-day female    33 head, virgin 20-day female    18 head, mated 1-day female    29 head, mated 4-day female    26 head, mated 20-day female    17 head, mated 1-day male    41 head, mated 4-day male    48 head, mated 20-day male    35 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    16 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    38 digestive system, 1-day adult    25 digestive system, 4-day adult    28 digestive system, 20-day adult    33 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    15 fat body, white prepupae    40 fat body, pupae P8    28 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    22 carcass, 1-day adult    16 carcass, 4-day adult    19 carcass, 20-day adult    18 ovary, virgin 4-day female    48 ovary, mated 4-day female    60 testis, mated 4-day male    14 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    9 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    32 embryo 02-04hr    41 embryo 04-06hr    20 embryo 06-08hr    23 embryo 08-10hr    27 embryo 10-12hr    29 embryo 12-14hr    22 embryo 14-16hr    27 embryo 16-18hr    20 embryo 18-20hr    14 embryo 20-22hr    24 embryo 22-24hr    18 larva L1    8 larva L2    8 larva L3 12hr old    9 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    12 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    13 white prepupae new    16 white prepupae 12hr    17 white prepupae 24hr    17 pupae 2d postWPP    15 pupae 3d postWPP    8 pupae 4d postWPP    14 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    11 adult male 30day    12 adult female 01day    17 adult female 05day    21 adult female 30day    23 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (32) embryo 02-04hr  (41) embryo 04-06hr    20 embryo 06-08hr    23 embryo 08-10hr  (27) embryo 10-12hr  (29) embryo 12-14hr    22 embryo 14-16hr  (27) embryo 16-18hr    20 embryo 18-20hr    14 embryo 20-22hr    24 embryo 22-24hr    18 larva L1    8 larva L2    8 larva L3 12hr old    9 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    12 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    13 white prepupae new    16 white prepupae 12hr    17 white prepupae 24hr    17 pupae 2d postWPP    15 pupae 3d postWPP    8 pupae 4d postWPP    14 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    11 adult male 30day    12 adult female 01day    17 adult female 05day    21 adult female 30day    23 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    32 embryo 02-04hr    41 embryo 04-06hr    20 embryo 06-08hr    23 embryo 08-10hr    27 embryo 10-12hr    29 embryo 12-14hr    22 embryo 14-16hr    27 embryo 16-18hr    20 embryo 18-20hr    14 embryo 20-22hr    24 embryo 22-24hr    18 larva L1    8 larva L2    8 larva L3 12hr old    9 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    12 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    13 white prepupae new    16 white prepupae 12hr    17 white prepupae 24hr    17 pupae 2d postWPP    15 pupae 3d postWPP    8 pupae 4d postWPP    14 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    11 adult male 30day    12 adult female 01day    17 adult female 05day    21 adult female 30day    23 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    32 embryo 02-04hr    41 embryo 04-06hr    20 embryo 06-08hr    23 embryo 08-10hr    27 embryo 10-12hr    29 embryo 12-14hr    22 embryo 14-16hr    27 embryo 16-18hr    20 embryo 18-20hr    14 embryo 20-22hr    24 embryo 22-24hr    18 larva L1    8 larva L2    8 larva L3 12hr old    9 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    12 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    13 white prepupae new    16 white prepupae 12hr    17 white prepupae 24hr    17 pupae 2d postWPP    15 pupae 3d postWPP    8 pupae 4d postWPP    14 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    11 adult male 30day    12 adult female 01day    17 adult female 05day    21 adult female 30day    23 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    32 embryo 02-04hr    41 embryo 04-06hr    20 embryo 06-08hr    23 embryo 08-10hr    27 embryo 10-12hr    29 embryo 12-14hr    22 embryo 14-16hr    27 embryo 16-18hr    20 embryo 18-20hr    14 embryo 20-22hr    24 embryo 22-24hr    18 larva L1    8 larva L2    8 larva L3 12hr old    9 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    12 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    13 white prepupae new    16 white prepupae 12hr    17 white prepupae 24hr    17 pupae 2d postWPP    15 pupae 3d postWPP    8 pupae 4d postWPP    14 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    11 adult male 30day    12 adult female 01day    17 adult female 05day    21 adult female 30day    23 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  32 embryo 02-04hr  (41) embryo 04-06hr    20 embryo 06-08hr    23 embryo 08-10hr  27 embryo 10-12hr  29 embryo 12-14hr    22 embryo 14-16hr  27 embryo 16-18hr    20 embryo 18-20hr    14 embryo 20-22hr    24 embryo 22-24hr    18 larva L1    8 larva L2    8 larva L3 12hr old    9 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    12 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    13 white prepupae new    16 white prepupae 12hr    17 white prepupae 24hr    17 pupae 2d postWPP    15 pupae 3d postWPP    8 pupae 4d postWPP    14 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    11 adult male 30day    12 adult female 01day    17 adult female 05day    21 adult female 30day    23 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    32 embryo 02-04hr    41 embryo 04-06hr    20 embryo 06-08hr    23 embryo 08-10hr    27 embryo 10-12hr    29 embryo 12-14hr    22 embryo 14-16hr    27 embryo 16-18hr    20 embryo 18-20hr    14 embryo 20-22hr    24 embryo 22-24hr    18 larva L1    8 larva L2    8 larva L3 12hr old    9 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    12 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    13 white prepupae new    16 white prepupae 12hr    17 white prepupae 24hr    17 pupae 2d postWPP    15 pupae 3d postWPP    8 pupae 4d postWPP    14 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    11 adult male 30day    12 adult female 01day    17 adult female 05day    21 adult female 30day    23 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    32 embryo 02-04hr    41 embryo 04-06hr    20 embryo 06-08hr    23 embryo 08-10hr    27 embryo 10-12hr    29 embryo 12-14hr    22 embryo 14-16hr    27 embryo 16-18hr    20 embryo 18-20hr    14 embryo 20-22hr    24 embryo 22-24hr    18 larva L1    8 larva L2    8 larva L3 12hr old    9 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    12 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    13 white prepupae new    16 white prepupae 12hr    17 white prepupae 24hr    17 pupae 2d postWPP    15 pupae 3d postWPP    8 pupae 4d postWPP    14 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    11 adult male 30day    12 adult female 01day    17 adult female 05day    21 adult female 30day    23 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    60 Schneider line 2 Sg4    39 embryonic 1182-4H    25 embryonic GM2    44 embryonic Kc167    49 embryonic S1    34 embryonic S3    24 leg disc CME L1    53 wing disc CME-W2    35 wing disc ML-DmD8    27 wing disc ML-DmD9    26 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    33 wing disc ML-DmD21    27 wing disc ML-DmD32    48 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    31 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    17 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    33 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    41 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    24 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    21 tumorous blood cells mbn2    60 ovary fGS/OSS    71 ovary OSC    46 ovary OSS    60 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (60) Schneider line 2 Sg4  (39) embryonic 1182-4H    25 embryonic GM2  (44) embryonic Kc167  (49) embryonic S1  (34) embryonic S3    24 leg disc CME L1  (53) wing disc CME-W2  (35) wing disc ML-DmD8  (27) wing disc ML-DmD9  26 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (33) wing disc ML-DmD21  (27) wing disc ML-DmD32  (48) haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (31) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    17 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (33) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (41) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    24 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    21 tumorous blood cells mbn2  (60) ovary fGS/OSS  (71) ovary OSC  (46) ovary OSS  (60) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    60 Schneider line 2 Sg4    39 embryonic 1182-4H    25 embryonic GM2    44 embryonic Kc167    49 embryonic S1    34 embryonic S3    24 leg disc CME L1    53 wing disc CME-W2    35 wing disc ML-DmD8    27 wing disc ML-DmD9    26 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    33 wing disc ML-DmD21    27 wing disc ML-DmD32    48 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    31 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    17 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    33 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    41 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    24 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    21 tumorous blood cells mbn2    60 ovary fGS/OSS    71 ovary OSC    46 ovary OSS    60 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    60 Schneider line 2 Sg4    39 embryonic 1182-4H    25 embryonic GM2    44 embryonic Kc167    49 embryonic S1    34 embryonic S3    24 leg disc CME L1    53 wing disc CME-W2    35 wing disc ML-DmD8    27 wing disc ML-DmD9    26 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    33 wing disc ML-DmD21    27 wing disc ML-DmD32    48 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    31 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    17 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    33 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    41 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    24 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    21 tumorous blood cells mbn2    60 ovary fGS/OSS    71 ovary OSC    46 ovary OSS    60 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    60 Schneider line 2 Sg4    39 embryonic 1182-4H    25 embryonic GM2    44 embryonic Kc167    49 embryonic S1    34 embryonic S3    24 leg disc CME L1    53 wing disc CME-W2    35 wing disc ML-DmD8    27 wing disc ML-DmD9    26 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    33 wing disc ML-DmD21    27 wing disc ML-DmD32    48 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    31 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    17 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    33 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    41 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    24 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    21 tumorous blood cells mbn2    60 ovary fGS/OSS    71 ovary OSC    46 ovary OSS    60 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (60) Schneider line 2 Sg4  (39) embryonic 1182-4H    25 embryonic GM2  (44) embryonic Kc167  (49) embryonic S1  (34) embryonic S3    24 leg disc CME L1  (53) wing disc CME-W2  (35) wing disc ML-DmD8  27 wing disc ML-DmD9  26 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (33) wing disc ML-DmD21  27 wing disc ML-DmD32  (48) haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  31 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    17 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (33) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (41) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    24 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    21 tumorous blood cells mbn2  (60) ovary fGS/OSS  (71) ovary OSC  (46) ovary OSS  (60) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    60 Schneider line 2 Sg4    39 embryonic 1182-4H    25 embryonic GM2    44 embryonic Kc167    49 embryonic S1    34 embryonic S3    24 leg disc CME L1    53 wing disc CME-W2    35 wing disc ML-DmD8    27 wing disc ML-DmD9    26 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    33 wing disc ML-DmD21    27 wing disc ML-DmD32    48 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    31 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    17 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    33 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    41 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    24 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    21 tumorous blood cells mbn2    60 ovary fGS/OSS    71 ovary OSC    46 ovary OSS    60 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    60 Schneider line 2 Sg4    39 embryonic 1182-4H    25 embryonic GM2    44 embryonic Kc167    49 embryonic S1    34 embryonic S3    24 leg disc CME L1    53 wing disc CME-W2    35 wing disc ML-DmD8    27 wing disc ML-DmD9    26 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    33 wing disc ML-DmD21    27 wing disc ML-DmD32    48 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    31 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    17 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    33 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    41 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    24 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    21 tumorous blood cells mbn2    60 ovary fGS/OSS    71 ovary OSC    46 ovary OSS    60 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    35 cold shock, 4-day adult    24 heat shock, 4-day adult    20 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    13 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    24 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    55 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    21 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    91 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    23 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    55 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    35 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    14 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    13 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    48 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    36 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    38 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    29 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (35) cold shock, 4-day adult    24 heat shock, 4-day adult    20 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    13 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    24 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (55) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    21 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (91) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    23 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (55) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (35) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    14 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    13 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (48) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (36) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (38) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (29) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    35 cold shock, 4-day adult    24 heat shock, 4-day adult    20 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    13 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    24 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    55 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    21 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    91 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    23 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    55 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    35 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    14 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    13 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    48 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    36 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    38 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    29 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    35 cold shock, 4-day adult    24 heat shock, 4-day adult    20 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    13 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    24 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    55 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    21 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    91 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    23 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    55 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    35 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    14 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    13 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    48 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    36 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    38 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    29 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    35 cold shock, 4-day adult    24 heat shock, 4-day adult    20 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    13 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    24 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    55 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    21 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    91 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    23 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    55 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    35 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    14 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    13 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    48 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    36 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    38 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    29 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (35) cold shock, 4-day adult    24 heat shock, 4-day adult    20 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    13 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    24 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (55) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    21 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (91) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    23 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (55) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (35) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    14 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    13 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (48) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (36) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (38) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  29 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    35 cold shock, 4-day adult    24 heat shock, 4-day adult    20 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    13 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    24 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    55 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    21 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    91 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    23 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    55 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    35 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    14 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    13 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    48 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    36 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    38 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    29 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    35 cold shock, 4-day adult    24 heat shock, 4-day adult    20 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    13 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    24 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    55 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    21 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    91 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    23 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    55 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    35 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    17 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    14 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    13 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    48 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    36 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    38 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    29 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_01 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_03
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • LD20767 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0014001 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG10295-RC
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PFa PakScer\UAS.T:Myr-Src64B lethal | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4332.3 PakAID.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG lethal | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4c381 PakAID.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG lethal | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4LE PakAID.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG lethal | pharate adult stage | recessive Pak1 Pak2 Pak3 Pak4 Pak5 Pak6 Pak7 Pak8 Pak9 Pak10 Pak11 Pak12 Pak13 partially lethal - majority die | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 PakGD4035 Other Phenotypes Allele neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu PakScer\UAS.T:Myr-Src64B neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4ey-OK107 PakScer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4SG18.1 PakScer\UAS.T:Myr-Src64B neuroanatomy defective (with Pak4) Pak6 neuroanatomy defective (with Pak6) Pak4 Pak11 neuroanatomy defective (with Pak11) Pak6 neuroanatomy defective | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone Pak16 neuroanatomy defective | pupal stage (with Pak4) Pak6 neuroanatomy defective | pupal stage (with Pak6) Pak4 neurophysiology defective (with Df(3R)WIN11) Pak6 uncoordinated Pak1 Pak2 Pak3 Pak4 Pak5 Pak6 Pak7 Pak8 Pak9 Pak10 Pak11 Pak12 Pak13 wild-type Pak+tT2 PakGMR.PH PakGMR.T:Myr-Src64B Pakhs.PH PakK459A.GMR.T:Myr-Src64B PakL115F.GMR Phenotype manifest in Allele A1-7 lateral oblique muscle 1 | germline clone Pak20 A1-7 ventral acute muscle 3 | germline clone Pak20 A1-7 ventral oblique muscle 1 | germline clone Pak20 A1-7 ventral oblique muscle 5 | germline clone Pak20 A1-7 ventral oblique muscle 6 | germline clone Pak20 abdominal posterior fascicle neuron & growth cone & filopodium, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu PakScer\UAS.T:Myr-Src64B abdominal segmental nerve, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu PakScer\UAS.T:Myr-Src64B abdominal segmental nerve (with Pak6) Pak11 abdominal segmental nerve (with Pak11) Pak6 adult antennal nerve | P-stage (with Pak4) Pak6 adult antennal nerve | P-stage (with Pak6) Pak4 adult mushroom body, with Scer\GAL4ey-OK107 PakScer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC antennal lobe, with Scer\GAL4SG18.1 PakScer\UAS.T:Myr-Src64B antennal lobe (with Pak4) Pak6 antennal lobe (with Pak6) Pak11 Pak4 antennal lobe (with Pak11) Pak6 antennal lobe & neuropil (with Pak6) Pak11 antennal lobe & neuropil (with Pak11) Pak6 antennal lobe | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone Pak16 antennal lobe glomerulus DM2 (with Pak6) Pak11 antennal lobe glomerulus DM2 (with Pak11) Pak6 antennal lobe glomerulus DM3 (with Pak6) Pak11 antennal lobe glomerulus DM3 (with Pak11) Pak6 Bolwig nerve (with Pak6) Pak11 Bolwig nerve (with Pak11) Pak6 bouton Pakunspecified bouton (with Pak3) Pak6 bouton (with Pak6) Pak3 dorsal closure embryo, with Scer\GAL4332.3 PakAID.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG dorsal closure embryo, with Scer\GAL4c381 PakAID.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG dorsal closure embryo | germline clone Pak20 embryonic/first instar larval cuticle, with Scer\GAL4332.3 PakAID.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG embryonic/first instar larval cuticle, with Scer\GAL4c381 PakAID.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG embryonic/first instar larval cuticle, with Scer\GAL4LE PakAID.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | germline clone Pak20 embryonic/larval salivary gland, with Scer\GAL4AB1 PakScer\UAS.T:Myr-Src64B eye disc PakGMR.T:Myr-Src64B glial cell & antennal lobe (with Pak6) Pak11 glial cell & antennal lobe (with Pak11) Pak6 growth cone & medulla neuropil, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF PakAID.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG growth cone & medulla neuropil (with Pak6) Pak10 growth cone & medulla neuropil (with Pak10) Pak6 lamina Pak11 Pak4 Pak6 PakGMR.T:Myr-Src64B lateral transverse muscle | germline clone Pak20 medulla Pak11 Pak4 Pak6 medulla neuropil, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF PakAID.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG medulla neuropil (with Pak6) Pak10 medulla neuropil (with Pak10) Pak6 mesothoracic les3 neuron & growth cone & filopodium, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu PakScer\UAS.T:Myr-Src64B metathoracic les3 neuron & growth cone & filopodium, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu PakScer\UAS.T:Myr-Src64B neuron & antennal lobe (with Pak6) Pak11 neuron & antennal lobe (with Pak11) Pak6 photoreceptor cell & axon Pak11 Pak4 Pak6 PakGMR.T:Myr-Src64B photoreceptor cell & axon | somatic clone Pak20 postsynaptic membrane (with Pak6) Pak11 postsynaptic membrane (with Pak7) Pak11 postsynaptic membrane (with Pak11) Pak6 Pak7 subsynaptic reticulum | third instar larval stage Pak11 wing Pak1 Pak10 Pak11 Pak12 Pak13 Pak2 Pak3 Pak4 Pak5 Pak6 Pak7 Pak8 Pak9
Classical Alleles ( 27 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of Pak Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion Pak11 amorphic allele - genetic evidence 1 Yes Pak6 amorphic allele - genetic evidence 1 Yes Pak14 1 Yes Pak16 1 Yes Pakc03088 piggyBac transposase 1 -- Pakc05029 piggyBac transposase 1 -- Pakd10699 P-element activity 1 -- Pake00352 piggyBac transposase 1 -- Pakf00999 piggyBac transposase 1 -- PakKG09612 P-element activity 1 -- Pak10 0 -- Pak12 0 -- Pak13 0 -- Pak15 0 Yes Pak19 0 Yes Pak1 0 -- Pak20 0 Yes Pak21 0 Yes Pak22 0 -- Pak2 0 -- Pak3 0 Yes Pak4 0 Yes Pak5 0 Yes Pak7 0 -- Pak8 0 -- Pak9 0 -- Pakunspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 24 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of Pak Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion PakGD4035 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes PakGL00008 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes PakHM05156 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes PakHMS02279 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes PakScer\UAS.T:Myr-Src64B in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes Pak+tT2 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes PakAID.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes PakdsRNA.cCa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes PakdsRNA.cHa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 -- PakGMR.PH in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes PakGMR.T:Myr-Src64B in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes PakH91L.H94L.GMR in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes Pakhs.PH in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes PakK459A.GMR.T:Myr-Src64B in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes PakK459A.GMR in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes PakKK101874 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes PakKR.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 -- PakL115F.GMR in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes PakScer\UAS.cHa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes PakScer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes PakScer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes PakScer\UAS.T:SV5\V5 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes PakSH.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes PaktCH322-05M18 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3R)WIN11 (Hing et al., 1999)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD4035} NA P{KK101874} NA P{TRiP.GL00008} NA P{TRiP.HM05156} NA P{TRiP.HMS02279} NA P{UAS-Pak.AID.FLAG} NA P{UAS-Pak.H} NA P{UAS-Pak.KR} NA P{UAS-Pak.MYC} NA P{UAS-Pak.myr} NA P{UAS-Pak.SH} NA P{UAS-V5-Pak} NA heat-shock construct P{hs-Pak.H} NA characterization construct P{GMR-Pak.H91L.H94L} NA P{GMR-Pak.H} NA P{GMR-Pak.K459A} NA P{GMR-Pak.L115F} NA P{GMR-Pak.myr.K459A} NA P{GMR-Pak.myr} NA P{hs-Pak-53E} NA P{hs-Pak-Pkn} NA P{Pak+tT2} NA PBac{CH322-05M18} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions P{SUPor-P}PakKG09612 NA PBac{PB}Pakc03088 NA PBac{PB}Pakc05029 NA PBac{RB}Pake00352 NA PBac{WH}Pakf00999 NA insertion of mobile activating element P{XP}Pakd10699 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 17 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 12 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
protein serine/threonine kinase activity inferred from direct assay (Hing et al., 1999)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
axon guidance inferred from genetic interaction with Dscam (Schmucker et al., 2000) inferred from mutant phenotype (Berger et al., 2008) inferred from mutant phenotype AND inferred from physical interaction with dock (Hing et al., 1999) cell adhesion inferred from direct assay (Harden et al., 1996) dorsal closure inferred from mutant phenotype (Conder et al., 2004) positive regulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction inferred from mutant phenotype (Kumar et al., 2009) regulation of axonogenesis inferred from genetic interaction with LIMK1 (Ng and Luo, 2004) regulation of cell shape inferred from mutant phenotype (Kiger et al., 2003) regulation of synapse structure and activity inferred from mutant phenotype (Albin and Davis, 2004) septate junction assembly inferred from mutant phenotype (Bahri et al., 2010)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
cytoskeleton inferred from mutant phenotype (Conder et al., 2004) focal adhesion inferred from direct assay (Harden et al., 1996) lateral plasma membrane inferred from direct assay (Bahri et al., 2010)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 8 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
ATP binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000719, InterPro:IPR002290, InterPro:IPR017441 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) protein serine/threonine kinase activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Harden et al., 1996) inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q62829 (FlyBase, 1992-) non-traceable author statement (Wang et al., 1999) receptor signaling protein serine/threonine kinase activity non-traceable author statement (Morrison et al., 2000)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
axon guidance traceable author statement (Newsome et al., 2000, Bateman and Van Vactor, 2001, Hallem and Carlson, 2004) dorsal closure traceable author statement (Noselli and Agnes, 1999) JNK cascade non-traceable author statement (Noselli and Agnes, 1999) protein phosphorylation inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000719, InterPro:IPR002290, InterPro:IPR008271 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) non-traceable author statement (Morrison et al., 2000) Rac protein signal transduction non-traceable author statement (Patel and Van Vactor, 2002)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions Pak allele Gene References Pak4 tum (Sotillos and Campuzano, 2000) Pak6 Dscam (Schmucker et al., 2000) Rac1 (Conder et al., 2004) Pak11 LIMK1 (Ng and Luo, 2004) Pak14 LIMK1 (Ng and Luo, 2004) Pak16 LIMK1 (Ng and Luo, 2004) trio (Newsome et al., 2000) Pak20 trio (Newsome et al., 2000) PakGMR.T:Myr1 dock (Hing et al., 1999) PakScer\UAS.cHa plexB (Hu et al., 2001) PakScer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC Cdc42 (Ng and Luo, 2004) Rac1 (Ng and Luo, 2004) Rho1 (Ng and Luo, 2004) tsr (Ng and Luo, 2004) unspecified GluRIIA (Albin and Davis, 2004) LIMK1 (Ang et al., 2006) Rac2 (Ng and Luo, 2004)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 68794 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0014001 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 44039 SignaLink - A protein-protein and protein-miRNA interaction database with multi-layered structure and multiple confidence scores. • B7Z0W0
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (73) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6V43TB Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6J3WR9 Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6SF822 Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG647D8D Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG6DRP70
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6V43TB)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\Pak     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD19869 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM10890 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG13379 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE10214 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF18356 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\Pak1 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL21741 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK12175 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ24601 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI23008 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH19531 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6J3WR9)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL002594   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP002986
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6SF822)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\GB48749   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG037323   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH24033   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP18156   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO21260   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL18486   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH17234   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB21029   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV16952   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI001405   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA007577   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM310720   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC010914
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG647D8D)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\JGI_V11_301285   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW000704
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG6DRP70)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\pak-2 Y Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\pak-1 Y Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\max-2 Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_010141gn Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_003438gn Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_003534gn Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_000897gn Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\si:ch211-158b22.3 Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\pak1 Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\pak2a Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\ENSDARG00000027564 Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\OTTDARG00000023322 Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\zgc:92014 Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\CR352290.1 Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\pak4 Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\pak7 Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\pak3 Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\pak1 Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\pak6 Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\pak2 Y Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\PAK3 Y Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\PAK1 Y Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\ENSGALG00000014303 Y Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\PAK2 Y Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\PAK7 Y Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\PAK6 Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Pak7 Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Pak6 Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Pak4 Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Pak1 Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Pak3 Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Pak2 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Pak7 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Pak3 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Pak2 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Pak1 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Pak4 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Pak6 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\PAK2 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\PAK1 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\PAK7 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\PAK6 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\PAK4 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\PAK3 Y
Human Orthologs (6)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\PAK2     Hsap\PAK1     Hsap\PAK7     Hsap\PAK6     Hsap\PAK4     Hsap\PAK3
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD19869 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM10890 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG13379 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE10214 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF18356 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\Pak1 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL21741 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK12175 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ24601 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI23008 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH19531
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 15 )
Bloomington	8810 Pak11/TM3, Sb1 8804 y1 w*; P{UAS-Pak.myr}2 8809 Pak6/TM3, Sb1 Ser1 28945 y1 v1; P{TRiP.HM05156}attP2 41714 y1 v1; P{TRiP.HMS02279}attP40 35141 y1 sc* v1; P{TRiP.GL00008}attP2
Harvard	- P{XP}Pakd10699 - PBac{PB}Pakc03088 - PBac{PB}Pakc05029 - PBac{RB}Pake00352 - PBac{WH}Pakf00999
VDRC	v12553 w1118 P{GD4035}v12553
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR19H03 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 69 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	LD20767
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	AT18213 GH14822 LD02355 LD03311 LD03761 LD11586 LD14209 LD15656 LD18689 LD20709 LD20773 LD20818 RE06905 RE14001 RE15858 RE19139 RE19706 RE19913 RE21549 RE21683 RE22713 RE23104 RE25814 RE29501 RE29525 RE34625 RE39188 RE43055 RE51530 RE52088 RE53756 RE55225 RE63333 RE63516 RE67543 RE69188 SD08544
Other clones	bs80g11 Dmel_dig_010617_0714_0760 EC053511 EC053541 EC055889 EK040234 EK058548 EK113023 EK118634 EK174223 EK176702 EK176719 EK181255 EK209329 EK250154 EK250853 EK276153 EK307925 EN12902 EP17024 FGA001G12 RM06614 RM06714 RM06814 RM07014 RM07314 RP001019260 RP001026219 RP001044731 RP001047667 RP001050281
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0014001 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 44039
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Harden et al., 1996)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: Pak CG10295 (Bayraktaroglu, 2000.4.13)
Additional comments
Other Comments
	Pak is required for integrity of the leading edge cytoskeleton during dorsal closure. (Conder et al., 2004) One of 42 Drosophila genes identified as being most likely to reveal molecular and cellular mechanisms of nervous system development or plasticity relevant to human Mental Retardation disorders. (Inlow and Restifo, 2004) RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene causes a phenotype when assayed in S2R+ cells: cells become retracted (unspread but flat). Kc167 cells are unaffected. (Kiger et al., 2003) dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology. (Kiger et al., 2003) dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene is tested in an RNAi screen for effects on actin-based lamella formation. (Rogers et al., 2003) Pak is a critical regulator of R cell axon guidance and a downstream effector of dock in vivo. (Hing et al., 1999) The Pak mutant phenotypes are remarkably similar to dock. (Hing et al., 1999) Distribution of Pak during embryonic development suggests that Pak protein may regulate the organisation of focal adhesions and focal complexes, and consequently the organisation of the actin cytoskeleton and may be participating in a bsk cascade required for dorsal closure. (Harden et al., 1996) Pak interacts with Cdc42 and Rac1 and is a potential downstream signalling molecule. Antibody staining suggest Pak gene product is associated with the cytoskeleton. (Harden et al., 1995)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_079942 NM_169136 NM_169137 NM_001144541 NM_001275380 NM_001275381 NM_001275382 NM_001275383 NM_001275384 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_524681 NP_731073 NP_731074 NP_001138013 NP_001262309 NP_001262310 NP_001262311 NP_001262312 NP_001262313 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA541009 AAB01209 AAC47094 AAF54131 AAF54132 AAN13373 AAQ23609 ACL83472 AGB95692 AGB95693 AGB95694 AGB95695 AGB95696 AW942577 BT010291 CL528257 CZ468411 CZ469692 CZ477392 CZ478242 CZ483485 CZ483486 U49446 U56080 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 44039 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • B7Z0W0 Q9VI13 Q24190 Q24213
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • PAK-box/P21-Rho-binding (IPR000095) Protein kinase, catalytic domain (IPR000719) Serine/threonine- / dual specificity protein kinase, catalytic domain (IPR002290) Serine/threonine-protein kinase, active site (IPR008271) Protein kinase-like domain (IPR011009) Protein kinase, ATP binding site (IPR017441) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • LD20767
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 68794 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0014001 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0014001 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0014001 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG10295-RC FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0014001 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 44039 Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /cytoskel/pak-kn1.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 44039 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0014001 SignaLink - A protein-protein and protein-miRNA interaction database with multi-layered structure and multiple confidence scores. • B7Z0W0
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 34 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG10295 (Morrison et al., 2000, Rogers et al., 2003, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Berger et al., 2008, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Ni et al., 2010.12.1) DmPAK1 (Mentzel and Raabe, 2005, Mentzel et al., 2009) DPAK (Yoshihara et al., 2005, Martin and Parkhurst, 2004, Xia and Karin, 2004, Dan et al., 2001, Kawasaki et al., 2004, Chen et al., 2004, Pennetta et al., 2002, Van Aelst and Symons, 2002, Sone et al., 2000, Weitzman, 2000, Raymond et al., 2000, Harden, 1996.2.16, Stronach and Perrimon, 1999, Noselli and Agnes, 1999, Ricos et al., 1999, Wang et al., 1999, Ricos et al., 1999, Harden et al., 1999, Goberdhan and Wilson, 1998, Robinson and Cooley, 1997, Noselli, 1998, Martin-Blanco, 1997, Ricos et al., 1996, Rivlin et al., 2004, Mehta, 2005, Sem et al., 2002, Li et al., 2007, Hamanaka and Meinertzhagen, 2010, Sun et al., 2011) dpak (Houalla et al., 2005, Parnas et al., 2001, Ruan et al., 2002, Kumar et al., 2009, Bahri et al., 2009) dPak (Conder et al., 2004, Conder et al., 2005, Rushton et al., 2003, Conder et al., 2005, Rohrbough et al., 2007, Conder et al., 2007, Rushton et al., 2009, Graf et al., 2009, Mosca and Schwarz, 2010, Koles et al., 2012, Urwyler et al., 2012) Dpak (Chen et al., 2004, Lee et al., 2009) DPak (Jacinto et al., 2002, Manning, 2001.10.10, Choi et al., 2010) D-Pak (Ip and Davis, 1998) dPAK (Giagtzoglou et al., 2006) dPAK1 (Burbelo, 2001.7.27, Pirone et al., 2001) Dpak1 (Chernoff, 1996.4.22, ) dpak1 (Hofmann et al., 2004) DPak1 (Duan et al., 2012) p65PAK (Harden et al., 1995, ) pak (Ng and Luo, 2004, Hing et al., 1999, Tjota et al., 2011, Vlachos and Harden, 2011, Higuchi et al., 2009, Bahri et al., 2010, Lee and Thomas, 2011) PAK (Geisbrecht and Montell, 2004, Miller, 2002, Castellani and Rougon, 2002, Wharton, 2003, Hu et al., 2001, Newsome et al., 1999, Boutros and Mlodzik, 1999, Takagi et al., 1998, Garrity et al., 1997, Harden et al., 1996, Garcia-Mata and Burridge, 2007, Wagh et al., 2006, Rasse et al., 2005, Kohsaka et al., 2007, Crawford et al., 2001, Kim et al., 2012) PaK (Baum, 2002) Pak (Pirraglia and Myat, 2007, Talbot and VanBerkum, 2006, Fan et al., 2003, Ang et al., 2006, Nahm et al., 2006, Pielage et al., 2006, Dulcis and Levine, 2005, Pirraglia and Myat, 2008, Hickson et al., 2006, Baer et al., 2007, Furrer et al., 2007, Ng, 2008, Hughes et al., 2007, Venken et al., 2009, Berger et al., 2008, Shcherbata et al., 2007, Oliva and Sierralta, 2010, Zhang et al., 2011, Rohrbough and Broadie, 2010, Abruzzi et al., 2011) PAK1 (Wallingford and Habas, 2005, Patel and Van Vactor, 2002, Van Aelst and D'Souza-Schorey, 1997) pak1 (Houalla et al., 2005, Corrigall et al., 2007) Pak1 (Petit et al., 2002, Tepass et al., 2002, Pirraglia et al., 2010, Pielage et al., 2008, Baek et al., 2012) PAK2 (Morrison et al., 2000)
Name Synonym	p-21 activated kinase (Talbot and VanBerkum, 2006) p21-activated kinase (Hickson et al., 2006, Pielage et al., 2006, Dulcis and Levine, 2005, Pirraglia and Myat, 2008, Sun et al., 2011, Pielage et al., 2008) p21 activated kinase (Oliva and Sierralta, 2010, Lee and Thomas, 2011) P21-activated kinase (Choi et al., 2010) p21- activated kinase (Crawford et al., 2001) p21-activated serine/threonine kinase (Lee et al., 2009) P21-activating kinase (Kim et al., 2012) p21-associated kinase (Ricos et al., 1996) Pak1 kinase (Rogers et al., 2003, Rogers et al., 2003) PAK-kinase (Hickson et al., 2006) Pak kinase (Erfurth and Schmucker, 2008) PAK kinase (Rasse et al., 2005)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0037437
References ( 181 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 181 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 87 ) Supplementary material  ( 10 ) Review  ( 41 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 12 ) Abstract  ( 23 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 1 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 2 ) Website  ( 1 ) Conference report  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 )
Recent research papers ( 13 )
	Baek et al., 2012, FEBS Lett. 586(6): 772--777 Requirement for Pak3 in Rac1-induced organization of actin and myosin during Drosophila larval wound healing. [FBrf0217868] Duan et al., 2012, J. Cell Biol. 199(1): 169--185 Group I PAKs function downstream of Rac to promote podosome invasion during myoblast fusion in vivo. [FBrf0219579] Kim et al., 2012, Genes Dev. 26(9): 974--987 Drosophila Neto is essential for clustering glutamate receptors at the neuromuscular junction. [FBrf0218161] Koles et al., 2012, J. Biol. Chem. 287(20): 16820--16834 Mechanism of evenness interrupted (evi)-exosome release at synaptic boutons. [FBrf0218323] Urwyler et al., 2012, Biol. Open 1(10): 994--1005 Drosophila sosie functions with β(H)-Spectrin and actin organizers in cell migration, epithelial morphogenesis and cortical stability. [FBrf0220121] Abruzzi et al., 2011, Genes Dev. 25(22): 2374--2386 Drosophila CLOCK target gene characterization: implications for circadian tissue-specific gene expression. [FBrf0216798] Horn et al., 2011, Nat. Methods 8(4): 341--346 Mapping of signaling networks through synthetic genetic interaction analysis by RNAi. [FBrf0213352] Lee and Thomas, 2011, Mech. Dev. 128(1-2): 116--128 Rac1 modulation of the apical domain is negatively regulated by β(Heavy)-spectrin. [FBrf0213021] Lee et al., 2011, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108(40): 16795--16800 Pathogenic polyglutamine proteins cause dendrite defects associated with specific actin cytoskeletal alterations in Drosophila. [FBrf0216268] Sun et al., 2011, J. Neurosci. 31(2): 687--699 Neuroligin 2 is required for synapse development and function at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction. [FBrf0212770] Tjota et al., 2011, J. Cell Sci. 124(17): 2914--2926 Annexin B9 binds to {beta}H-spectrin and is required for multivesicular body function in Drosophila. [FBrf0215049] Vlachos and Harden, 2011, Genetics 187(2): 501--512 Genetic Evidence for Antagonism Between Pak Protein Kinase and Rho1 Small GTPase Signaling in Regulation of the Actin Cytoskeleton During Drosophila Oogenesis. [FBrf0212983] Zhang et al., 2011, Development 138(3): 455--464 Regulation of cofilin phosphorylation and asymmetry in collective cell migration during morphogenesis. [FBrf0212692] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews ( 1 )
	Broadie et al., 2011, Dev. Neurobiol. 71(11): 1102--1130 Extracellular matrix and its receptors in drosophila neural development. [FBrf0216377] Show all reviews ...