FGF, l(3)06916, fibroblast growth factor
fibroblast growth factor homolog - ligand for Breathless - stimulates the tracheal branching program by specifying tip cells that acquire motility and lead branch migration to a specific destination - regulates primordial germ cell motility by regulating the distribution of zygotic E-cadherin during early embryonic development to maintain cell-cell adhesion in the posterior midgut
Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\bnl for information on other features
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AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.
Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.
Gene model reviewed during 5.54
4 (northern blot)
770 (aa); 84 (kD predicted)
Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\bnl using the Feature Mapper tool.
The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).
Comment: anlage in statu nascendi
Comment: reported as anterior spiracle specific anlage
In the wing disc, transcript was detected in between 15 and 60 and 80 and 150 columnar epithelial cells in early and late third instar larvae, respectively. The cells straddle the anterior/posterior compartment border and are dosal to the prospective wing blade.
bnl is expressed in embyros with a peak at 5-11hr and is not expressed at later stages. By in situ hybridization, bnl expression is first observed around the cephalic furrow and the posterior transverse furrow. Starting in stage 11, bnl transcripts are expressed dynamically in clusters outside the tracheal system at every position where a major tracheal branch will bud.
bnl protein is expressed in the presumptive vas deferens and male accessory gland of the male genital disc of third instar larvae.
JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals
View Dmel\bnl in JBrowse
3-67
3-69.4
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Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.
New stable cell line derived from S2-unspecified : S2 cell lines expressing circCG32369, circMCPH1, circeIF5B, circrl, circPde11, circCG17715, circzfh2, circTao, circcrol, circdrn, circMeltrin, circpxb, circfru, circdati, circstw, circSarm, circStim, circCG2991, circPvr, circHil, circmub, circsxc, circbnl, and circCG9743 were created. The author reports new stable cell lines S2-circMCPH1, S2-circCG32369, S2-Flag-Ddx56 , and S2-Flag-gw.
Haploinsufficient locus (not associated with strong haplolethality or haplosterility).
RNAi generated by PCR using primers directed to this gene causes a cell growth and viability phenotype when assayed in Kc167 and S2R+ cells.
bnl expressed in each trunk visceral mesodermal parasegment serves as a guide for the initial budding of tracheal visceral branches.
Oxygen deprivation stimulates expression of bnl.
bnl acts as a chemoattractant that guides the terminal branches of trachea during embryogenesis.
dpp plays a dual role during tracheal cell migration. dpp controls the region-specific activation of bnl in the dorsal part of the embryo. dpp expression dorsal and ventral to the tracheal placode at the onset of migration instructs groups of tracheal cells with respect to their migration behaviour. Results suggest that other factors in addition to bnl dictate the direction of migration along the dorsoventral axis: some of these factors might be recognised by tracheal cells only upon the reception of the dpp signal.
bnl locus is haploinsufficient.
bnl is a key determinant of the tracheal branching pattern. bnl is required for tracheal branching and is expressed dynamically in clusters of cells surrounding the developing tracheal system at each position where a new branch will form and grow out. Misexpression of bnl activates later programs of tracheal gene expression and branching, resulting in massive networks of branches. bnl appears to function as a ligand for btl.
Source for identity of: bnl CG4608
