H3.3, H3.3A, His3.3, histone H3.3, PH3
H3 histone subtype - deposition is coupled to transcription and continues while a gene is active - histone replacement suggests a mechanism to maintain both the structure of chromatin and access to DNA at active genes
Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\His3.3A for information on other features
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AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.
Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.
Gene model reviewed during 5.46
0.9 (northern blot)
The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.
136 (aa)
The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers. The octamer wraps approximately 147 bp of DNA. Interacts with Daxx (via C-terminus) (PubMed:28320872).
Phosphorylation at Ser-11 by aurB/ial during mitosis and meiosis is crucial for chromosome condensation and cell-cycle progression. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 by JIL-1 during interphase is linked to gene activation and restricts the formation of heterochromatin at inappropriate sites. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 is enriched on male X chromosome compared to the autosome.
Acetylation is generally linked to gene activation. Acetylated on Lys-15 during prophase I of meiosis. Phosphorylation of H2A 'Thr-119' is a prerequisite for H3 Lys-15 acetylation. Acetylation on Lys-15 is enriched on male X chromosome compared to the autosome.
Methylation at Lys-5 or Lys-80 is generally associated with active chromatin. Methylation at Lys-80 by gpp occurs at low levels in specific developmental stages and tissues undergoing active cell division, and at highest levels in epidermal cells undergoing differentiation.
Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\His3.3A using the Feature Mapper tool.
His3.3A is strongly transcribed in the testes.
Antibodies against His3.3 protein stain uniformly over the polytene chromosomes. His3.3 protein staining is seen in meiotic prophase chromatin of primary spermatocytes. One or two strongly staining foci were observed in each nucleus. The distribution of label coincides with the location of some of the Y-chromosomal lampbrush loops. At this stage His3 protein is observed mainly in the autosomal chromatin. In postmeiotic stages, His3.3 protein is observed in the protein body while the His3 protein is found mainly in the chromatin. During spermatid elongation, His3.3 protein is deposited in chromatin. At subsequent stages no major differences were observed in the distribution of His3 protein and His3.3 protein. In post-elongation spermatid cysts, the pattern of staining changes from an even distribution to a dispersed pattern. In mature sperm, no staining is observed.
GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals
View Dmel\His3.3A in GBrowse 2Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.
polyclonal
The canonical "H3.2" histone (His3, present in multiple copies in the genome as part of the repeating histone gene unit) and variant "His3.3" histone (encoded by His3.3A and His3.3B) forms can functionally replace each other. Cells are able to divide and differentiate when H3.2 is entirely absent but is replaced by S phase-expressed His3.3.
Cells that contain a non-methylatable residue instead of K4 in all canonical and variant H3 genes are competent to respond to major developmental signaling pathways by activating target gene expression, although their proliferative capacity is slowed down relative to wild type.
RNAi generated by PCR using primers directed to this gene causes a cell growth and viability phenotype when assayed in Kc167 and S2R+ cells.
dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.
RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene causes a phenotype when assayed in Kc167 and S2R+ cells: cells become round and detached.
Replication independent deposition of His3.3A occurs at particular loci, including active rDNA arrays.
His3.3A has been cloned and sequenced.
The histone H3.3 replacement variant is encoded by two genes, His3.3A and His3.3B, in D.melanogaster. These genes encode exactly the same protein but are widely divergent in their untranslated regions.
