General Information Symbol Dmel\ Pi3K92ESpecies D. melanogaster Name Pi3K92E Annotation symbol CG4141 Feature type protein_coding_gene FlyBase ID FBgn0015279 Gene Model Status Current Stock availability 24 publicly
available Also Known As Dp110, PI3K, p110, dPI3K, PI(3)K, PI3K-Dp110, PI3K-92D Genomic Location Chromosome (arm) 3R Recombination map Cytogenetic map 92F3-92F3 Sequence location 3R:16,454,694..16,460,454 [-]
Genomic Maps
Summary Information Automatically generated summary
See sections below for more information The gene
Pi3K92E is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol
Dmel\Pi3K92E (CG4141, FBgn0015279). It is a protein_coding_gene from
Drosophila melanogaster . There is experimental evidence that it has the
molecular function : 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase activity; lipid kinase activity; 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase activity; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase activity. There is experimental evidence for 24 unique
biological process terms, many of which group under: biological regulation; single-organism developmental process; cellular component organization or biogenesis; instar larval development; regulation of developmental process; response to stimulus; phospholipid metabolic process; larval feeding behavior; gland morphogenesis; response to stress; catabolic process; multicellular organism reproduction.
32 alleles are reported . The
phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system; organ system subdivision; adult segment; multicellular structure; external compound sense organ; thoracic segment; cell part; cytoplasmic part; imaginal precursor; organelle; acellular anatomical structure. It has
3 annotated transcripts and
3 annotated polypeptides .
Protein features are: Armadillo-type fold; C2 calcium/lipid-binding domain, CaLB; Phosphatidylinositol 3-/4-kinase, catalytic domain; Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase C2 (PI3K C2) domain; Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase Ras-binding (PI3K RBD) domain; Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase adaptor-binding (PI3K ABD) domain; Phosphatidylinositol 3/4-kinase, conserved site; Phosphatidylinositol Kinase; Phosphoinositide 3-kinase, accessory (PIK) domain; Protein kinase-like domain. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed at stages throughout embryogenesis, during late larval stages, during early pupal stages, in adult female stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Nearly all larval and adult tissues/organs expressed at moderate levels. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, larval/adult central nervous system, adult crop, larval/adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, larval/adult Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval/adult fat body, larval/adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult female reproductive system, adult male accessory gland, larval/adult carcass. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1631594_s_at completely aligns to an exonic region common to each of the 2 FlyBase-annotated transcript isoforms of Pi3K92E. Gene sequence location is
3R:16454694..16460454 .
User Contributed Data External Summaries
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Description
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It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other
FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled
vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms).
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FB2013_03
Controlled Vocabulary Terms
FB2013_02
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Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
92E12-92E13
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
92E12-92E13
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
92D-92D
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
92D1-92D4
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location Left of (cM) Right of (cM) Notes Gene Model & Products Comments on Gene
Model Gene model reviewed during 5.47
Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.
Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.
Transcript Data Annotated Transcripts Additional Transcript Data
& Comments Reported size (kB) Comments External Data Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data Annotated
Polypeptides Additional Polypeptide
Data & Comments Reported size (kDa) 1088 (aa); 127 (kD predicted)
Comments External Data Linkouts Crossreferences
domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot UniProtKB/TrEMBL Mapped Features Mapped Features have been reorganized, please
see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can
be found on GBrowse or related reports. External Data Linkouts Crossreferences Expression Data Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for Subcellular Localization CV Term Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component) inferred from physical interaction with
Pi3K21B Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
310.3
Larval Midgut
180.9
Larval Hindgut
190.9
Larval Malpighian Tubules
194.3
Larval Fat Body
250.7
Larval Salivary Gland
352.8
Larval Trachea
217.55
Larval Carcass
300.05
Adult Head
171
Adult Eye
109.5
Adult Brain
283.4
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
263.9
Adult Crop
254.7
Adult Midgut
182.4
Adult Hindgut
187.5
Adult Malpighian Tubules
108.4
Adult Fat Body
190
Adult Salivary Gland
212.2
Adult Heart
142.975
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
211.7
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
164.4
Adult Ovary
394.9
Adult Testis
91.9
Adult Male Accessory Gland
185.5
Adult Carcass
206.9
Expression Level Scale
None
Low
Moderate
Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
310.3
Larval Midgut
180.9
Larval Hindgut
190.9
Larval Malpighian Tubules
194.3
Larval Fat Body
250.7
Larval Salivary Gland
352.8
Larval Trachea
217.55
Larval Carcass
300.05
Adult Head
171
Adult Eye
109.5
Adult Brain
283.4
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
263.9
Adult Crop
254.7
Adult Midgut
182.4
Adult Hindgut
187.5
Adult Malpighian Tubules
108.4
Adult Fat Body
190
Adult Salivary Gland
212.2
Adult Heart
142.975
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
211.7
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
164.4
Adult Ovary
394.9
Adult Testis
91.9
Adult Male Accessory Gland
185.5
Adult Carcass
206.9
Expression Level Scale
None
Low
Moderate
High
Linear, scaled to High level expression
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
310.3
Larval Midgut
180.9
Larval Hindgut
190.9
Larval Malpighian Tubules
194.3
Larval Fat Body
250.7
Larval Salivary Gland
352.8
Larval Trachea
217.55
Larval Carcass
300.05
Adult Head
171
Adult Eye
109.5
Adult Brain
283.4
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
263.9
Adult Crop
254.7
Adult Midgut
182.4
Adult Hindgut
187.5
Adult Malpighian Tubules
108.4
Adult Fat Body
190
Adult Salivary Gland
212.2
Adult Heart
142.975
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
211.7
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
164.4
Adult Ovary
394.9
Adult Testis
91.9
Adult Male Accessory Gland
185.5
Adult Carcass
206.9
Expression Level Scale
None
Low
Moderate
High
Very high
Linear, scaled to Very high expression
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
310.3
Larval Midgut
180.9
Larval Hindgut
190.9
Larval Malpighian Tubules
194.3
Larval Fat Body
250.7
Larval Salivary Gland
352.8
Larval Trachea
217.55
Larval Carcass
300.05
Adult Head
171
Adult Eye
109.5
Adult Brain
283.4
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
263.9
Adult Crop
254.7
Adult Midgut
182.4
Adult Hindgut
187.5
Adult Malpighian Tubules
108.4
Adult Fat Body
190
Adult Salivary Gland
212.2
Adult Heart
142.975
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
211.7
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
164.4
Adult Ovary
394.9
Adult Testis
91.9
Adult Male Accessory Gland
185.5
Adult Carcass
206.9
Expression Level Scale
Very high
log, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
310.3
Larval Midgut
180.9
Larval Hindgut
190.9
Larval Malpighian Tubules
194.3
Larval Fat Body
250.7
Larval Salivary Gland
352.8
Larval Trachea
217.55
Larval Carcass
300.05
Adult Head
171
Adult Eye
109.5
Adult Brain
283.4
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
263.9
Adult Crop
254.7
Adult Midgut
182.4
Adult Hindgut
187.5
Adult Malpighian Tubules
108.4
Adult Fat Body
190
Adult Salivary Gland
212.2
Adult Heart
142.975
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
211.7
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
164.4
Adult Ovary
394.9
Adult Testis
91.9
Adult Male Accessory Gland
185.5
Adult Carcass
206.9
Expression Level Scale
None
Low
Moderate
High
log, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
310.3
Larval Midgut
180.9
Larval Hindgut
190.9
Larval Malpighian Tubules
194.3
Larval Fat Body
250.7
Larval Salivary Gland
352.8
Larval Trachea
217.55
Larval Carcass
300.05
Adult Head
171
Adult Eye
109.5
Adult Brain
283.4
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
263.9
Adult Crop
254.7
Adult Midgut
182.4
Adult Hindgut
187.5
Adult Malpighian Tubules
108.4
Adult Fat Body
190
Adult Salivary Gland
212.2
Adult Heart
142.975
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
211.7
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
164.4
Adult Ovary
394.9
Adult Testis
91.9
Adult Male Accessory Gland
185.5
Adult Carcass
206.9
Expression Level Scale
None
Low
Moderate
High
log, scaled to High level expression
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
310.3
Larval Midgut
180.9
Larval Hindgut
190.9
Larval Malpighian Tubules
194.3
Larval Fat Body
250.7
Larval Salivary Gland
352.8
Larval Trachea
217.55
Larval Carcass
300.05
Adult Head
171
Adult Eye
109.5
Adult Brain
283.4
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
263.9
Adult Crop
254.7
Adult Midgut
182.4
Adult Hindgut
187.5
Adult Malpighian Tubules
108.4
Adult Fat Body
190
Adult Salivary Gland
212.2
Adult Heart
142.975
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
211.7
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
164.4
Adult Ovary
394.9
Adult Testis
91.9
Adult Male Accessory Gland
185.5
Adult Carcass
206.9
Expression Level Scale
None
Low
Moderate
High
Very high
log, scaled to Very high expression
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
310.3
Larval Midgut
180.9
Larval Hindgut
190.9
Larval Malpighian Tubules
194.3
Larval Fat Body
250.7
Larval Salivary Gland
352.8
Larval Trachea
217.55
Larval Carcass
300.05
Adult Head
171
Adult Eye
109.5
Adult Brain
283.4
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
263.9
Adult Crop
254.7
Adult Midgut
182.4
Adult Hindgut
187.5
Adult Malpighian Tubules
108.4
Adult Fat Body
190
Adult Salivary Gland
212.2
Adult Heart
142.975
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
211.7
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
164.4
Adult Ovary
394.9
Adult Testis
91.9
Adult Male Accessory Gland
185.5
Adult Carcass
206.9
Expression Level Scale
None
Low
Moderate
High
Very high
Heatmap
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
Larval Midgut
Larval Hindgut
Larval Malpighian Tubules
Larval Fat Body
Larval Salivary Gland
Larval Trachea
Larval Carcass
Adult Head
Adult Eye
Adult Brain
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
Adult Crop
Adult Midgut
Adult Hindgut
Adult Malpighian Tubules
Adult Fat Body
Adult Salivary Gland
Adult Heart
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
Adult Ovary
Adult Testis
Adult Male Accessory Gland
Adult Carcass
FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult
Larval Expression Level
Tissue
Adult Expression Level
NA
Head
171
NA
Eye
109.5
NA
Brain
283.4
310.3
Central Nervous System
NA
NA
Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
263.9
NA
Crop
254.7
180.9
Midgut
182.4
190.9
Hindgut
187.5
194.3
Malpighian Tubules
108.4
250.7
Fat Body
190
352.8
Salivary Gland
212.2
NA
Heart
142.975
217.55
Trachea
NA
NA
VirginFemale Spermatheca
211.7
NA
InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
164.4
NA
Ovary
394.9
NA
Testis
91.9
NA
Male Accessory Gland
185.5
300.05
Carcass
206.9
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue
Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
21
central nervous system, larvae L3
18
central nervous system, pupae P8
15
head, virgin 1-day female
8
head, virgin 4-day female
8
head, virgin 20-day female
11
head, mated 1-day female
8
head, mated 4-day female
7
head, mated 20-day female
8
head, mated 1-day male
11
head, mated 4-day male
9
head, mated 20-day male
15
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
5
salivary gland, white prepupae
26
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
15
digestive system, 1-day adult
6
digestive system, 4-day adult
7
digestive system, 20-day adult
8
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
8
fat body, white prepupae
18
fat body, pupae P8
7
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
17
carcass, 1-day adult
9
carcass, 4-day adult
8
carcass, 20-day adult
10
ovary, virgin 4-day female
40
ovary, mated 4-day female
34
testis, mated 4-day male
5
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
5
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue
Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
21
central nervous system, larvae L3
18
central nervous system, pupae P8
15
head, virgin 1-day female
8
head, virgin 4-day female
8
head, virgin 20-day female
11
head, mated 1-day female
8
head, mated 4-day female
7
head, mated 20-day female
8
head, mated 1-day male
11
head, mated 4-day male
9
head, mated 20-day male
15
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
5
salivary gland, white prepupae
26
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
15
digestive system, 1-day adult
6
digestive system, 4-day adult
7
digestive system, 20-day adult
8
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
8
fat body, white prepupae
18
fat body, pupae P8
7
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
17
carcass, 1-day adult
9
carcass, 4-day adult
8
carcass, 20-day adult
10
ovary, virgin 4-day female
(40)
ovary, mated 4-day female
(34)
testis, mated 4-day male
5
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
5
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
Linear, scaled to High expression
Tissue
Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
21
central nervous system, larvae L3
18
central nervous system, pupae P8
15
head, virgin 1-day female
8
head, virgin 4-day female
8
head, virgin 20-day female
11
head, mated 1-day female
8
head, mated 4-day female
7
head, mated 20-day female
8
head, mated 1-day male
11
head, mated 4-day male
9
head, mated 20-day male
15
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
5
salivary gland, white prepupae
26
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
15
digestive system, 1-day adult
6
digestive system, 4-day adult
7
digestive system, 20-day adult
8
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
8
fat body, white prepupae
18
fat body, pupae P8
7
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
17
carcass, 1-day adult
9
carcass, 4-day adult
8
carcass, 20-day adult
10
ovary, virgin 4-day female
40
ovary, mated 4-day female
34
testis, mated 4-day male
5
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
5
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Tissue
Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
21
central nervous system, larvae L3
18
central nervous system, pupae P8
15
head, virgin 1-day female
8
head, virgin 4-day female
8
head, virgin 20-day female
11
head, mated 1-day female
8
head, mated 4-day female
7
head, mated 20-day female
8
head, mated 1-day male
11
head, mated 4-day male
9
head, mated 20-day male
15
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
5
salivary gland, white prepupae
26
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
15
digestive system, 1-day adult
6
digestive system, 4-day adult
7
digestive system, 20-day adult
8
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
8
fat body, white prepupae
18
fat body, pupae P8
7
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
17
carcass, 1-day adult
9
carcass, 4-day adult
8
carcass, 20-day adult
10
ovary, virgin 4-day female
40
ovary, mated 4-day female
34
testis, mated 4-day male
5
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
5
Expression Level Scale
Extremely high
log, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue
Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
21
central nervous system, larvae L3
18
central nervous system, pupae P8
15
head, virgin 1-day female
8
head, virgin 4-day female
8
head, virgin 20-day female
11
head, mated 1-day female
8
head, mated 4-day female
7
head, mated 20-day female
8
head, mated 1-day male
11
head, mated 4-day male
9
head, mated 20-day male
15
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
5
salivary gland, white prepupae
26
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
15
digestive system, 1-day adult
6
digestive system, 4-day adult
7
digestive system, 20-day adult
8
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
8
fat body, white prepupae
18
fat body, pupae P8
7
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
17
carcass, 1-day adult
9
carcass, 4-day adult
8
carcass, 20-day adult
10
ovary, virgin 4-day female
40
ovary, mated 4-day female
34
testis, mated 4-day male
5
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
5
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
log, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue
Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
21
central nervous system, larvae L3
18
central nervous system, pupae P8
15
head, virgin 1-day female
8
head, virgin 4-day female
8
head, virgin 20-day female
11
head, mated 1-day female
8
head, mated 4-day female
7
head, mated 20-day female
8
head, mated 1-day male
11
head, mated 4-day male
9
head, mated 20-day male
15
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
5
salivary gland, white prepupae
26
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
15
digestive system, 1-day adult
6
digestive system, 4-day adult
7
digestive system, 20-day adult
8
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
8
fat body, white prepupae
18
fat body, pupae P8
7
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
17
carcass, 1-day adult
9
carcass, 4-day adult
8
carcass, 20-day adult
10
ovary, virgin 4-day female
(40)
ovary, mated 4-day female
(34)
testis, mated 4-day male
5
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
5
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
log, scaled to High expression
Tissue
Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
21
central nervous system, larvae L3
18
central nervous system, pupae P8
15
head, virgin 1-day female
8
head, virgin 4-day female
8
head, virgin 20-day female
11
head, mated 1-day female
8
head, mated 4-day female
7
head, mated 20-day female
8
head, mated 1-day male
11
head, mated 4-day male
9
head, mated 20-day male
15
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
5
salivary gland, white prepupae
26
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
15
digestive system, 1-day adult
6
digestive system, 4-day adult
7
digestive system, 20-day adult
8
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
8
fat body, white prepupae
18
fat body, pupae P8
7
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
17
carcass, 1-day adult
9
carcass, 4-day adult
8
carcass, 20-day adult
10
ovary, virgin 4-day female
40
ovary, mated 4-day female
34
testis, mated 4-day male
5
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
5
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Tissue
Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
21
central nervous system, larvae L3
18
central nervous system, pupae P8
15
head, virgin 1-day female
8
head, virgin 4-day female
8
head, virgin 20-day female
11
head, mated 1-day female
8
head, mated 4-day female
7
head, mated 20-day female
8
head, mated 1-day male
11
head, mated 4-day male
9
head, mated 20-day male
15
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
5
salivary gland, white prepupae
26
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
15
digestive system, 1-day adult
6
digestive system, 4-day adult
7
digestive system, 20-day adult
8
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
8
fat body, white prepupae
18
fat body, pupae P8
7
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
17
carcass, 1-day adult
9
carcass, 4-day adult
8
carcass, 20-day adult
10
ovary, virgin 4-day female
40
ovary, mated 4-day female
34
testis, mated 4-day male
5
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
5
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
Extremely high
Heatmap
Tissue
Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
central nervous system, larvae L3
central nervous system, pupae P8
head, virgin 1-day female
head, virgin 4-day female
head, virgin 20-day female
head, mated 1-day female
head, mated 4-day female
head, mated 20-day female
head, mated 1-day male
head, mated 4-day male
head, mated 20-day male
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
salivary gland, white prepupae
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
digestive system, 1-day adult
digestive system, 4-day adult
digestive system, 20-day adult
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
fat body, white prepupae
fat body, pupae P8
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
carcass, 1-day adult
carcass, 4-day adult
carcass, 20-day adult
ovary, virgin 4-day female
ovary, mated 4-day female
testis, mated 4-day male
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Developmental Stage
Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
33
embryo 02-04hr
20
embryo 04-06hr
39
embryo 06-08hr
34
embryo 08-10hr
33
embryo 10-12hr
21
embryo 12-14hr
21
embryo 14-16hr
15
embryo 16-18hr
15
embryo 18-20hr
17
embryo 20-22hr
16
embryo 22-24hr
21
larva L1
12
larva L2
11
larva L3 12hr old
10
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
9
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
14
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
19
white prepupae new
22
white prepupae 12hr
25
white prepupae 24hr
22
pupae 2d postWPP
16
pupae 3d postWPP
11
pupae 4d postWPP
10
adult male 01day
10
adult male 05day
10
adult male 30day
11
adult female 01day
20
adult female 05day
27
adult female 30day
27
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Developmental Stage
Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
(33)
embryo 02-04hr
20
embryo 04-06hr
(39)
embryo 06-08hr
(34)
embryo 08-10hr
(33)
embryo 10-12hr
21
embryo 12-14hr
21
embryo 14-16hr
15
embryo 16-18hr
15
embryo 18-20hr
17
embryo 20-22hr
16
embryo 22-24hr
21
larva L1
12
larva L2
11
larva L3 12hr old
10
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
9
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
14
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
19
white prepupae new
22
white prepupae 12hr
25
white prepupae 24hr
22
pupae 2d postWPP
16
pupae 3d postWPP
11
pupae 4d postWPP
10
adult male 01day
10
adult male 05day
10
adult male 30day
11
adult female 01day
20
adult female 05day
(27)
adult female 30day
(27)
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
Linear, scaled to High expression
Developmental Stage
Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
33
embryo 02-04hr
20
embryo 04-06hr
39
embryo 06-08hr
34
embryo 08-10hr
33
embryo 10-12hr
21
embryo 12-14hr
21
embryo 14-16hr
15
embryo 16-18hr
15
embryo 18-20hr
17
embryo 20-22hr
16
embryo 22-24hr
21
larva L1
12
larva L2
11
larva L3 12hr old
10
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
9
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
14
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
19
white prepupae new
22
white prepupae 12hr
25
white prepupae 24hr
22
pupae 2d postWPP
16
pupae 3d postWPP
11
pupae 4d postWPP
10
adult male 01day
10
adult male 05day
10
adult male 30day
11
adult female 01day
20
adult female 05day
27
adult female 30day
27
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Developmental Stage
Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
33
embryo 02-04hr
20
embryo 04-06hr
39
embryo 06-08hr
34
embryo 08-10hr
33
embryo 10-12hr
21
embryo 12-14hr
21
embryo 14-16hr
15
embryo 16-18hr
15
embryo 18-20hr
17
embryo 20-22hr
16
embryo 22-24hr
21
larva L1
12
larva L2
11
larva L3 12hr old
10
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
9
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
14
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
19
white prepupae new
22
white prepupae 12hr
25
white prepupae 24hr
22
pupae 2d postWPP
16
pupae 3d postWPP
11
pupae 4d postWPP
10
adult male 01day
10
adult male 05day
10
adult male 30day
11
adult female 01day
20
adult female 05day
27
adult female 30day
27
Expression Level Scale
Extremely high
log, scaled to maximum expression level
Developmental Stage
Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
33
embryo 02-04hr
20
embryo 04-06hr
39
embryo 06-08hr
34
embryo 08-10hr
33
embryo 10-12hr
21
embryo 12-14hr
21
embryo 14-16hr
15
embryo 16-18hr
15
embryo 18-20hr
17
embryo 20-22hr
16
embryo 22-24hr
21
larva L1
12
larva L2
11
larva L3 12hr old
10
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
9
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
14
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
19
white prepupae new
22
white prepupae 12hr
25
white prepupae 24hr
22
pupae 2d postWPP
16
pupae 3d postWPP
11
pupae 4d postWPP
10
adult male 01day
10
adult male 05day
10
adult male 30day
11
adult female 01day
20
adult female 05day
27
adult female 30day
27
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
log, scaled to Moderate expression
Developmental Stage
Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
(33)
embryo 02-04hr
20
embryo 04-06hr
(39)
embryo 06-08hr
(34)
embryo 08-10hr
(33)
embryo 10-12hr
21
embryo 12-14hr
21
embryo 14-16hr
15
embryo 16-18hr
15
embryo 18-20hr
17
embryo 20-22hr
16
embryo 22-24hr
21
larva L1
12
larva L2
11
larva L3 12hr old
10
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
9
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
14
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
19
white prepupae new
22
white prepupae 12hr
25
white prepupae 24hr
22
pupae 2d postWPP
16
pupae 3d postWPP
11
pupae 4d postWPP
10
adult male 01day
10
adult male 05day
10
adult male 30day
11
adult female 01day
20
adult female 05day
27
adult female 30day
27
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
log, scaled to High expression
Developmental Stage
Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
33
embryo 02-04hr
20
embryo 04-06hr
39
embryo 06-08hr
34
embryo 08-10hr
33
embryo 10-12hr
21
embryo 12-14hr
21
embryo 14-16hr
15
embryo 16-18hr
15
embryo 18-20hr
17
embryo 20-22hr
16
embryo 22-24hr
21
larva L1
12
larva L2
11
larva L3 12hr old
10
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
9
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
14
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
19
white prepupae new
22
white prepupae 12hr
25
white prepupae 24hr
22
pupae 2d postWPP
16
pupae 3d postWPP
11
pupae 4d postWPP
10
adult male 01day
10
adult male 05day
10
adult male 30day
11
adult female 01day
20
adult female 05day
27
adult female 30day
27
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Developmental Stage
Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
33
embryo 02-04hr
20
embryo 04-06hr
39
embryo 06-08hr
34
embryo 08-10hr
33
embryo 10-12hr
21
embryo 12-14hr
21
embryo 14-16hr
15
embryo 16-18hr
15
embryo 18-20hr
17
embryo 20-22hr
16
embryo 22-24hr
21
larva L1
12
larva L2
11
larva L3 12hr old
10
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
9
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
14
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
19
white prepupae new
22
white prepupae 12hr
25
white prepupae 24hr
22
pupae 2d postWPP
16
pupae 3d postWPP
11
pupae 4d postWPP
10
adult male 01day
10
adult male 05day
10
adult male 30day
11
adult female 01day
20
adult female 05day
27
adult female 30day
27
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
Extremely high
Heatmap
Developmental Stage
Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
embryo 02-04hr
embryo 04-06hr
embryo 06-08hr
embryo 08-10hr
embryo 10-12hr
embryo 12-14hr
embryo 14-16hr
embryo 16-18hr
embryo 18-20hr
embryo 20-22hr
embryo 22-24hr
larva L1
larva L2
larva L3 12hr old
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
white prepupae new
white prepupae 12hr
white prepupae 24hr
pupae 2d postWPP
pupae 3d postWPP
pupae 4d postWPP
adult male 01day
adult male 05day
adult male 30day
adult female 01day
adult female 05day
adult female 30day
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Cell Line
Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
55
Schneider line 2 Sg4
16
embryonic 1182-4H
51
embryonic GM2
63
embryonic Kc167
28
embryonic S1
49
embryonic S3
23
leg disc CME L1
25
wing disc CME-W2
29
wing disc ML-DmD8
19
wing disc ML-DmD9
37
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
18
wing disc ML-DmD21
7
wing disc ML-DmD32
35
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
32
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
25
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
12
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
15
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
18
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
34
tumorous blood cells mbn2
53
ovary fGS/OSS
39
ovary OSC
27
ovary OSS
15
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Cell Line
Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
(55)
Schneider line 2 Sg4
16
embryonic 1182-4H
(51)
embryonic GM2
(63)
embryonic Kc167
(28)
embryonic S1
(49)
embryonic S3
23
leg disc CME L1
25
wing disc CME-W2
(29)
wing disc ML-DmD8
19
wing disc ML-DmD9
(37)
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
18
wing disc ML-DmD21
7
wing disc ML-DmD32
(35)
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
(32)
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
25
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
12
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
15
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
18
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
(34)
tumorous blood cells mbn2
(53)
ovary fGS/OSS
(39)
ovary OSC
(27)
ovary OSS
15
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
Linear, scaled to High expression
Cell Line
Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
55
Schneider line 2 Sg4
16
embryonic 1182-4H
51
embryonic GM2
63
embryonic Kc167
28
embryonic S1
49
embryonic S3
23
leg disc CME L1
25
wing disc CME-W2
29
wing disc ML-DmD8
19
wing disc ML-DmD9
37
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
18
wing disc ML-DmD21
7
wing disc ML-DmD32
35
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
32
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
25
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
12
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
15
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
18
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
34
tumorous blood cells mbn2
53
ovary fGS/OSS
39
ovary OSC
27
ovary OSS
15
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Cell Line
Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
55
Schneider line 2 Sg4
16
embryonic 1182-4H
51
embryonic GM2
63
embryonic Kc167
28
embryonic S1
49
embryonic S3
23
leg disc CME L1
25
wing disc CME-W2
29
wing disc ML-DmD8
19
wing disc ML-DmD9
37
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
18
wing disc ML-DmD21
7
wing disc ML-DmD32
35
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
32
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
25
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
12
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
15
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
18
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
34
tumorous blood cells mbn2
53
ovary fGS/OSS
39
ovary OSC
27
ovary OSS
15
Expression Level Scale
Extremely high
log, scaled to maximum expression level
Cell Line
Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
55
Schneider line 2 Sg4
16
embryonic 1182-4H
51
embryonic GM2
63
embryonic Kc167
28
embryonic S1
49
embryonic S3
23
leg disc CME L1
25
wing disc CME-W2
29
wing disc ML-DmD8
19
wing disc ML-DmD9
37
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
18
wing disc ML-DmD21
7
wing disc ML-DmD32
35
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
32
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
25
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
12
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
15
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
18
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
34
tumorous blood cells mbn2
53
ovary fGS/OSS
39
ovary OSC
27
ovary OSS
15
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
log, scaled to Moderate expression
Cell Line
Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
(55)
Schneider line 2 Sg4
16
embryonic 1182-4H
(51)
embryonic GM2
(63)
embryonic Kc167
28
embryonic S1
(49)
embryonic S3
23
leg disc CME L1
25
wing disc CME-W2
29
wing disc ML-DmD8
19
wing disc ML-DmD9
(37)
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
18
wing disc ML-DmD21
7
wing disc ML-DmD32
(35)
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
32
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
25
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
12
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
15
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
18
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
(34)
tumorous blood cells mbn2
(53)
ovary fGS/OSS
(39)
ovary OSC
27
ovary OSS
15
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
log, scaled to High expression
Cell Line
Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
55
Schneider line 2 Sg4
16
embryonic 1182-4H
51
embryonic GM2
63
embryonic Kc167
28
embryonic S1
49
embryonic S3
23
leg disc CME L1
25
wing disc CME-W2
29
wing disc ML-DmD8
19
wing disc ML-DmD9
37
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
18
wing disc ML-DmD21
7
wing disc ML-DmD32
35
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
32
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
25
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
12
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
15
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
18
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
34
tumorous blood cells mbn2
53
ovary fGS/OSS
39
ovary OSC
27
ovary OSS
15
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Cell Line
Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
55
Schneider line 2 Sg4
16
embryonic 1182-4H
51
embryonic GM2
63
embryonic Kc167
28
embryonic S1
49
embryonic S3
23
leg disc CME L1
25
wing disc CME-W2
29
wing disc ML-DmD8
19
wing disc ML-DmD9
37
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
18
wing disc ML-DmD21
7
wing disc ML-DmD32
35
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
32
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
25
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
12
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
15
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
18
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
34
tumorous blood cells mbn2
53
ovary fGS/OSS
39
ovary OSC
27
ovary OSS
15
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
Extremely high
Heatmap
Cell Line
Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
Schneider line 2 Sg4
embryonic 1182-4H
embryonic GM2
embryonic Kc167
embryonic S1
embryonic S3
leg disc CME L1
wing disc CME-W2
wing disc ML-DmD8
wing disc ML-DmD9
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
wing disc ML-DmD21
wing disc ML-DmD32
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
tumorous blood cells mbn2
ovary fGS/OSS
ovary OSC
ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Treatment
Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
11
cold shock, 4-day adult
9
heat shock, 4-day adult
14
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
5
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
8
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
14
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
26
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
19
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
5
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
11
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
28
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
10
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
8
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
9
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
24
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
22
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
25
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
7
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
7
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Treatment
Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
11
cold shock, 4-day adult
9
heat shock, 4-day adult
14
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
5
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
8
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
14
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
26
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
19
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
5
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
11
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
(28)
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
10
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
8
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
9
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
24
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
22
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
25
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
7
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
7
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
Linear, scaled to High expression
Treatment
Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
11
cold shock, 4-day adult
9
heat shock, 4-day adult
14
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
5
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
8
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
14
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
26
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
19
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
5
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
11
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
28
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
10
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
8
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
9
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
24
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
22
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
25
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
7
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
7
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Treatment
Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
11
cold shock, 4-day adult
9
heat shock, 4-day adult
14
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
5
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
8
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
14
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
26
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
19
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
5
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
11
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
28
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
10
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
8
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
9
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
24
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
22
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
25
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
7
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
7
Expression Level Scale
Extremely high
log, scaled to maximum expression level
Treatment
Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
11
cold shock, 4-day adult
9
heat shock, 4-day adult
14
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
5
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
8
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
14
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
26
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
19
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
5
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
11
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
28
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
10
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
8
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
9
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
24
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
22
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
25
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
7
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
7
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
log, scaled to Moderate expression
Treatment
Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
11
cold shock, 4-day adult
9
heat shock, 4-day adult
14
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
5
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
8
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
14
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
26
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
19
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
5
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
11
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
28
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
10
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
8
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
9
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
24
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
22
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
25
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
7
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
7
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
log, scaled to High expression
Treatment
Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
11
cold shock, 4-day adult
9
heat shock, 4-day adult
14
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
5
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
8
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
14
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
26
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
19
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
5
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
11
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
28
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
10
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
8
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
9
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
24
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
22
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
25
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
7
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
7
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Treatment
Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
11
cold shock, 4-day adult
9
heat shock, 4-day adult
14
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
5
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
8
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
14
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
26
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
19
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
5
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
11
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
28
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
10
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
8
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
9
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
24
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
22
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
25
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
7
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
7
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
Extremely high
Heatmap
Treatment
Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
cold shock, 4-day adult
heat shock, 4-day adult
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development.
External Data & Images
Linkouts
- Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
- Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
Alleles & Phenotypes Summary of Allele Phenotypes Classical Alleles ( 10 ) For All Classical Alleles Show Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs
( 22 ) For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic
Constructs Show Aneuploid Aberrations Disrupted in Partially disrupted in Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs characterization construct
Insertions insertion of enhancer trap binary system
Gene Ontology: Function, Process
& Cellular Component ( 40 unique terms ) Terms Based on
Experimental Evidence ( 31 terms ) Molecular Function inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
inferred from physical interaction with
drk Biological Process inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from direct assay
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from genetic interaction with
aos inferred from genetic interaction with
Egfr inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from direct assay
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from direct assay
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from genetic interaction with
InR inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from direct assay
inferred from mutant phenotype
Cellular Component inferred from physical interaction with
Pi3K21B Terms Based on Predictions or
Assertions ( 17 terms ) Molecular Function inferred from sequence or structural similarity with
human PIK3CA non-traceable author statement
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with
human PIK3CA inferred from sequence or structural similarity with
human PIK3CA AND inferred from sequence or structural similarity with
human PIK3CB AND inferred from sequence or structural similarity with
human PIK3CD inferred from sequence or structural similarity with
human PIK3CA Biological Process traceable author statement
non-traceable author statement
traceable author statement
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with
human PIK3CA traceable author statement
non-traceable author statement
non-traceable author statement
traceable author statement
traceable author statement
traceable author statement
non-traceable author statement
non-traceable author statement
non-traceable author statement
non-traceable author statement
Cellular Component non-traceable author statement
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
Summary of Genetic Interactions Interacts with Please look at the allele data
for full details of the genetic interactions
External Data Linkouts
- A database of protein and genetic interactions
- A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
- A protein-protein and protein-miRNA interaction database with multi-layered structure and multiple confidence scores.
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (62)
- based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
OrthoDB orthology group searches
Drosophila inclusive ortholog search
Dipteran inclusive ortholog search
Insect inclusive ortholog search
Arthropod inclusive ortholog search
Metazoa inclusive ortholog search
Orthologs in Drosophila Species
(EOG6Q597S )
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans
(EOG6F4SK3 )
Aedes aegypti
Yellow fever mosquito
Anopheles gambiae
Malaria mosquito
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects
(EOG67M0SQ )
Apis mellifera
Western honey bee
Amel\LOC551500
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG016627
Acromyrmex echinatior
Panamanian leafcutter ant
Aech\AECH21286
Atta cephalotes
Leafcutter ant
Acep\ACEP19733
Camponotus floridanus
Florida carpenter ant
Cflo\CFLO14049
Harpegnathos saltator
Jerdons jumping ant
Hsal\HSAL17860
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH24494
Pogonomyrmex barbatus
Red harvester ant
Pbar\PB24952
Solenopsis invicta
Red fire ant
Sinv\SINV19851
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Pea aphid
Pediculus humanus
Human body louse
Tribolium castaneum
Red flour beetle
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods
(EOG600003 )
Ixodes scapularis
Deer tick
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa
(EOG6BGNNP )
Caenorhabditis elegans
Nematode
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Xenopus tropicalis
Western clawed frog
Xenopus tropicalis
Western clawed frog
Xenopus tropicalis
Western clawed frog
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Rattus norvegicus
Norway rat
Rattus norvegicus
Norway rat
Rattus norvegicus
Norway rat
Rattus norvegicus
Norway rat
Rattus norvegicus
Norway rat
Rattus norvegicus
Norway rat
Human Orthologs (4)AAA Orthologs (11)
based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
Stocks & Reagents Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 24 )Bloomington Harvard VDRC Genomic Clones ( 2 )Please Note FlyBase no
longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list
may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 115 )Please Note This section lists
cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent
of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs
of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes.
Please see
GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs
to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones Other clones cDNA Clones, End Sequenced
(ESTs) BDGP DGC clones Other clones RNAi & Array Information Linkouts
- Results from RNAi screens.
- GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
Antibody Information
Other Information Discoverer Etymology Identification Relationship to Other Genes Source for database identity of Source for identity of: Pi3K92E CG4141
Source for database merge of Source for merge of: Pi3K92E anon-92Ed
Additional comments Other Comments Reduced postsynaptic
Pi3K92E signaling results in reduced synapse size and increased quantal content without affecting quantal size.
Signaling through
Tor and its upstream regulators
Pi3K92E /
Pi3K21B and
Rheb is necessary and sufficient to suppress starvation-induced autophagy in the fat body.
RNAi experiments show that dsRNA targetted at this gene suppresses the
Pten -dsRNA-induced cell shape changes in Kc167 cells.
dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.
Pi3K92E is autonomously required for imaginal disc cells to achieve their normal adult size, regulating cells size throughout the cell cycle.
Pi3K92E normally promotes cell division and/or cell survival.
Molecular and functional analysis of
Pi3K92E implies a role for
Pi3K92E in growth control during development.
Identified by PCR using degenerate primers based on regions of strong amino acid homology found within the putative lipid kinase domain of mammalian p110α and yeast Vps34p.
Maps within 10kb of the
H gene.
Identified as a transcription unit during molecular analysis of
H .
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
- A searchable database of RefSeq genes.
Other Crossreferences
domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites
Linkouts
- A database of protein and genetic interactions
- A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
- Results from RNAi screens.
- Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
- Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
- Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans
- GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
- A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
- Data generated by the modENCODE project.
- A protein-protein and protein-miRNA interaction database with multi-layered structure and multiple confidence scores.
Synonyms & Secondary IDs
( 45 )Reported As Symbol Synonym CG4141
(
Morrison et al., 2000 ,
Sun et al., 2010 ,
Keleman et al., 2009.8.5 ,
Perkins et al., 2009 ,
Ni et al., 2011.7.19 ,
Qin et al., 2008 ,
Bridon et al., 2012 )
Dp110
(
McNeill et al., 2008 ,
Mirth et al., 2005 ,
Coelho et al., 2005 ,
Wu et al., 2005 ,
Partridge, 2005 ,
Sustar and Schubiger, 2005 ,
Rusten et al., 2004 ,
Reiling and Hafen, 2004 ,
Bateman and McNeill, 2004 ,
Mirth et al., 2005 ,
Resino and Garcia-Bellido, 2004 ,
Junger et al., 2003 ,
Saucedo et al., 2003 ,
Raisin et al., 2003 ,
Yang and Baker, 2003 ,
Radimerski et al., 2002 ,
Miron et al., 2001 ,
Claeys et al., 2002 ,
Aigaki et al., 2002 ,
Williams et al., 2003 ,
de la Cova and Johnston, 2003 ,
Hennig and Neufeld, 2002 ,
Hipfner et al., 2002 ,
Prober and Edgar, 2002 ,
Towers and Sattelle, 2002 ,
Xue and Noll, 2002 ,
Britton et al., 2002 ,
Rintelen et al., 2001 ,
Coelho et al., 2001 ,
Strauss, 2001 ,
Cho et al., 2001 ,
Gems and Partridge, 2001 ,
Clancy et al., 2001 ,
Halfar et al., 2001 ,
Tang et al., 2001 ,
Radimerski et al., 2001 ,
Teleman and Cohen, 2000 ,
Coelho and Leevers, 2000 ,
Raabe, 2000 ,
Britton and Edgar, 2000 ,
Weinkove and Leevers, 2000 ,
Goberdhan et al., 1999 ,
Leevers, 1999 ,
Weinkove et al., 1999 ,
Bohni et al., 1999 ,
Moghal and Sternberg, 1999 ,
Leevers et al., 1999 ,
Coelho and Leevers, 1999 ,
Wymann and Pirola, 1998 ,
Rommel and Hafen, 1998 ,
Riesgo-Escovar et al., 1998 ,
Leevers et al., 1998 ,
Vanhaesebroeck et al., 1997 ,
Weinkove et al., 1997 ,
Weinkove et al., 1997 ,
Leevers et al., 1997 ,
Leevers, 1996.12.5 ,
Leevers et al., 1996 ,
Vereshchagina and Wilson, 2006 ,
Wells and Johnston, 2007 ,
Senoo-Matsuda and . Johnston, 2007 ,
Goberdhan et al., 2005 ,
Mikeladze-Dvali et al., 2005 ,
Betschinger et al., 2006 ,
Herranz et al., 2006 ,
Anonymous, 2006 ,
Walker et al., 2006 ,
DiAngelo and Birnbaum, 2006 ,
Fuss et al., 2006 ,
Teleman et al., 2005 ,
Liu and Lehmann, 2006 ,
Berry and Baehrecke, 2007 ,
Slack et al., 2010 ,
Wood et al., 2006 ,
Jones and Grotewiel, 2008 ,
Hietakangas and Cohen, 2007 ,
Miron et al., 2003 ,
MacDougall et al., 2004 ,
Papadopoulou et al., 2004 ,
Scanga et al., 2000 ,
Orme et al., 2006 ,
Leevers, 2008.10.20 ,
Murillo-Maldonado et al., 2011 ,
Biteau et al., 2010 ,
Karpac et al., 2011 ,
Patel and Tamanoi, 2006 ,
Diangelo et al., 2009 ,
Mirth et al., 2009 ,
Jones et al., 2009 ,
Wu et al., 2009 ,
Kent et al., 2009 ,
Williams et al., 2006 ,
Hall et al., 2007 ,
Lievens et al., 2005 ,
Werz et al., 2009 ,
Siegrist et al., 2010 ,
Tiefenböck et al., 2010 ,
Jiang and Edgar, 2009 ,
Lin et al., 2011 ,
Resnik-Docampo and de Celis, 2011 ,
McLeod et al., 2010 ,
Learte et al., 2008 ,
Xu et al., 2008 ,
Murillo-Maldonado et al., 2011 ,
Slack et al., 2011 )
dp110
(
Teleman and Cohen, 2006 ,
Grewal et al., 2005 ,
Kramer et al., 2003 ,
Trotta et al., 2005 ,
Glatter et al., 2011 ,
Senoo-Matsuda and Johnston, 2007 ,
Hall et al., 2007 ,
Read et al., 2009 ,
Ninov et al., 2009 ,
Li et al., 2010 ,
Froldi et al., 2010 ,
Porstmann et al., 2008 ,
Chell and Brand, 2010 )
dPI3K
(
Jorgensen and Tyers, 2004 ,
Oldham et al., 2005 ,
Manning and Cantley, 2003 ,
Jacinto and Hall, 2003 ,
Oldham and Hafen, 2003 ,
Miron et al., 2003 ,
Lizcano et al., 2003 ,
Pospisilik et al., 2010 ,
Kim et al., 2004 )
p110
(
Shingleton, 2005 ,
Burgering and Kops, 2002 ,
Pan et al., 2004 ,
Duchek and Rorth, 2001 ,
Oldham et al., 2000 ,
Bruckner et al., 2004 ,
Bruckner et al., 2004 ,
Sousa-Nunes et al., 2011 ,
Wu et al., 2009 ,
Haberman et al., 2010 ,
Eddison et al., 2011 )
PI3K
(
Caldwell et al., 2005 ,
King-Jones and Thummel, 2005 ,
Grewal and Saucedo, 2004 ,
Luque et al., 2003 ,
Scott et al., 2004 ,
Scott et al., 2004 ,
Leopold, 2004 ,
Stambolic et al., 1999 ,
McNeill and Bateman, 2005 ,
Nijhout, 2003 ,
Marygold et al., 2004 ,
Neufeld, 2003 ,
Bergmann and Lane, 2003 ,
Tapon et al., 2001 ,
Saucedo and Edgar, 2002 ,
Dickson, 2003 ,
Gupta and Schupbach, 2001 ,
Gumienny and Padgett, 2003 ,
Longo and Finch, 2003 ,
Aigaki et al., 2002 ,
Saucedo et al., 2003 ,
Stocker et al., 2003 ,
Li et al., 2003 ,
Juenger et al., 2001 ,
Gingras et al., 2001 ,
Halfar et al., 2001 ,
Leevers, 1999 ,
Spana and Perrimon, 1999 ,
Bohni et al., 1999 ,
Keyes et al., 1999 ,
Martin-Pena et al., 2006 ,
Luo et al., 2006 ,
Liu and Lehmann, 2006 ,
Lavery and Stern, 2006 ,
Caldwell et al., 2006 ,
Lavery and Stern, 2007 ,
Howlett et al., 2007 ,
Shiojima, 2006 ,
Lasko and Sonenberg, 2007 ,
Hoshizaki and Gibbs, 2007 ,
Ahrens et al., 2007 ,
Howlett et al., 2008 ,
Wood et al., 2006 ,
Lavery et al., 2007 ,
Martin-Pena et al., 2006 ,
Jovceva et al., 2007 ,
Hall et al., 2007 ,
Ninov et al., 2009 ,
Cliffe et al., 2009 ,
Mozer and Sandstrom, 2012 ,
Lee et al., 2010 ,
Hyun et al., 2009 ,
Wu et al., 2009 ,
Werz et al., 2009 ,
Delanoue et al., 2010 ,
Georgiev et al., 2010 ,
Liu et al., 2010 ,
Honegger et al., 2008 ,
Jiang and Edgar, 2009 ,
Zeng et al., 2010 ,
Chell and Brand, 2010 ,
Jordán-Álvarez et al., 2012 ,
Kockel et al., 2010 ,
Chun-Jen Lin et al., 2011 ,
Li et al., 2010 ,
Acebes et al., 2012 ,
Wang et al., 2008 ,
Choi and Hyun, 2012 ,
Morris et al., 2012 )
Pi3K
(
Edgar, 2006 ,
Papadopoulou et al., 2004 ,
Tang et al., 2011 ,
Nuzhdin et al., 2009 ,
Li et al., 2010 ,
Dimitroff et al., 2012 )
PI3K92E
(
Martin et al., 2007 ,
Herranz et al., 2006 ,
Zhai et al., 2012 ,
Slack et al., 2010 ,
Acebes et al., 2011 ,
Eddison et al., 2011 ,
Bridon et al., 2012 )
Pi3K92E
(
Jordan et al., 2005 ,
Sun et al., 2010 ,
Witte et al., 2009 ,
Alvarez-Ponce et al., 2009 ,
Liu and Lehmann, 2008 ,
Chintapalli et al., 2007 ,
Kent et al., 2009 ,
Branco et al., 2008 ,
Velichkova et al., 2010 ,
Jiang and Edgar, 2009 ,
Qin et al., 2008 ,
Tokusumi et al., 2012 ,
Korenjak et al., 2012 ,
Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21 )
Name Synonym insulin-regulated PI3 kinase
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase
phosphoinositide 3-kinase
Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase
phosphoinositide 3 kinase Dp110
phospho-inositol-3 kinase at 92E
Phosphotidylinositol 3 kinase
Secondary FlyBase
IDs References ( 304 )Generate a list of List References by type
Recent research papers ( 39 )
Buszard et al., 2013, Mol. Cell. Biol. 33(7): 1345--1356The Nucleus- and Endoplasmic Reticulum-Targeted Forms of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 61F Regulate Drosophila Growth, Life Span, and Fecundity. [FBrf0220991] Khuong et al., 2013, Neuron 77(6): 1097--1108Synaptic PI(3,4,5)P3 Is Required for Syntaxin1A Clustering and Neurotransmitter Release. [FBrf0221106] Acebes et al., 2012, J. Neurosci. 32(2): 417--422Central Adaptation to Odorants Depends on PI3K Levels in Local Interneurons of the Antennal Lobe. [FBrf0217241] Alvarez-Ponce et al., 2012, Mol. Biol. Evol. 29(1): 123--132Molecular Population Genetics of the Insulin/TOR Signal Transduction Pathway: A Network-Level Analysis in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0217435] Bridon et al., 2012, J. Proteome Res. 11(2): 927--940Improvement of Phosphoproteome Analyses Using FAIMS and Decision Tree Fragmentation. Application to the Insulin Signaling Pathway in Drosophila melanogaster S2 Cells. [FBrf0217365] Choi and Hyun, 2012, Dev. Comp. Immunol. 37(1): 50--54Conserved microRNA miR-8 in fat body regulates innate immune homeostasis in Drosophila. [FBrf0218132] Dahlgaard et al., 2012, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109(18): 6987--6992Neurofibromatosis-like phenotype in Drosophila caused by lack of glucosylceramide extension. [FBrf0218176] Denton et al., 2012, Cell Death Differ. 19(8): 1299--1307Relationship between growth arrest and autophagy in midgut programmed cell death in Drosophila. [FBrf0218812] Dimitroff et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(2): e30722Diet and Energy-Sensing Inputs Affect TorC1-Mediated Axon Misrouting but Not TorC2-Directed Synapse Growth in a Drosophila Model of Tuberous Sclerosis. [FBrf0217461] Fabian et al., 2012, Mol. Ecol. 21(19): 4748--4769Genome-wide patterns of latitudinal differentiation among populations of Drosophila melanogaster from North America. [FBrf0219505] Johnson et al., 2012, Genes Brain Behav. 11(7): 848--858Ras-dependent and Ras-independent effects of PI3K in Drosophila motor neurons. [FBrf0219522] Jordán-Álvarez et al., 2012, J. Cell Sci. 125(15): 3621--3629Presynaptic PI3K activity triggers the formation of glutamate receptors at neuromuscular terminals of Drosophila. [FBrf0219610] Korenjak et al., 2012, Mol. Cell. Biol. 32(21): 4375--4387RBF Binding to both Canonical E2F Targets and Noncanonical Targets Depends on Functional dE2F/dDP Complexes. [FBrf0219643] Morris et al., 2012, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1822(8): 1230--1237Development of diet-induced insulin resistance in adult Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0218636] Mozer and Sandstrom, 2012, Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 51(3-4): 89--100Drosophila neuroligin 1 regulates synaptic growth and function in response to activity and phosphoinositide-3-kinase. [FBrf0219839] Noebels et al., 2012, J. Exp. Biol. 215(15): 2696--2702Insulin signalling in mushroom body neurons regulates feeding behaviour in Drosophila larvae. [FBrf0218937] Pezzulo et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(8): e43777Expression of Human Paraoxonase 1 Decreases Superoxide Levels and Alters Bacterial Colonization in the Gut of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0219363] Rossi and Gonzalez, 2012, EMBO Rep. 13(2): 157--162Synergism between altered cortical polarity and the PI3K/TOR pathway in the suppression of tumour growth. [FBrf0217341] Straßburger et al., 2012, Dev. Biol. 367(2): 187--196Insulin/IGF signaling drives cell proliferation in part via Yorkie/YAP. [FBrf0218526] Tokusumi et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(7): e41604Gene regulatory networks controlling hematopoietic progenitor niche cell production and differentiation in the Drosophila lymph gland. [FBrf0219204] Zaidman-Rémy et al., 2012, Dev. Comp. Immunol. 36(4): 638--647The Drosophila larva as a tool to study gut-associated macrophages: PI3K regulates a discrete hemocyte population at the proventriculus. 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All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011