• Home
• Tools
  • Tools Overview
  • Query Tools

    
    • QuickSearch
    • QueryBuilder
    • TermLink
    • CytoSearch
    • RNA-Seq Search
    • Interactions Browser
    • ImageBrowse
    • Find A Person
    • Google™ FlyBase
  • Genomic/Map Tools

    
    • BLAST
    • GBrowse
    • GBrowse 2 Beta
    • CytoSearch
    • Feature Mapper
    • Aberrations Maps
    • Chromosome Maps
    • Coordinates Converter
  • Retrieve/Convert

    
    • Batch Download
    • Coordinates Converter
    • ID Converter
  • Data Submission

    
    • Fast-Track Your Paper
    • Submit Personal Comm
    • Add A New Person
    • Update Person Info
  • People

    
    • Find A Person
    • Add A New Person
    • Update Person Info
• Files
  • Files Overview
  • Current release
  • Archived releases
  • Map Conversion
  • FTP site:
  • Releases (FTP)
  • Genomes (FTP)
• Species
  • Phylogeny
  • Sequenced Species
  • Synteny Table
  • Color Illustrations
  • Abbreviations
• Documents
  • About FlyBase
  • Reference Manual:
  • Sections
  • Contents
  • Nomenclature
  • Release Notes
• Resources
  • All Resources
  • Model Organisms
  • Stock Collections
  • Vectors & Constructs
  • Other links:
  • BDGP
  • DGRC
  • DIS by issue
  • FlyExpress
  • Interactive Fly
  • modENCODE
  • Textpresso for Fly
• News
  • News
  • FlyBase Forum
  • FlyBase Positions
  • Meetings
  • Courses
  • Fly Board
  • White papers
  • Funding
  • bionet.dros
• Help
  • Google™ FlyBase
  • Site Map
  • FAQs
  • FlyBase Guides
  • Video Tutorials
  • Report help
  • New to Flies
  • Pers. comm.
  • Author guidelines
  • Contact FlyBase
• Archives
  • Prior Release
  • Other Archives
  • Coordinate Converter

Gene Dmel\VAChT

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\VAChT	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	VAChT	Annotation symbol	CG32848
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0015323
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	3 publicly available
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3R	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	91C1-91C3	Sequence location	3R:14,531,174..14,544,638 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene VAChT is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\VAChT (CG32848, FBgn0015323). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. It is reported to have molecular function: acetylcholine transmembrane transporter activity; acetylcholine:hydrogen antiporter activity. It is reported to be involved in the biological process: neurotransmitter transport. 8 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: mesothoracic extracoxal depressor muscle 66; tormogen cell. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: Major facilitator superfamily; Major facilitator superfamily domain; Major facilitator superfamily domain, general substrate transporter; Multidrug resistance protein. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderate expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed within 12-24 hour embryonic stages, during early larval stages, during late pupal stages, in adult male stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult central nervous system. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, larval central nervous system. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1636264_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of VAChT. Gene sequence location is 3R:14531174..14544638.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
Update Feed	Click the icon below to subscribe to this FlyBase record and receive updates automatically through your feed reader.
FB2013_03	Alleles VAChT[E341K.Scer\UAS] VAChT[Y49N.Scer\UAS] VAChT[Scer\UAS.cSa] Transgenic Constructs PBac{UAS-VAChT.Y49N} PBac{UAS-VAChT.S} PBac{UAS-VAChT.E341K}
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 91C1-91C3
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 91C-91D     (Kitamoto, 1997.10.15)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\VAChT for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Shares 5' UTR with downstream gene.
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) VAChT-RA FBtr0083671  NM_057790   7147   578
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	7.0 (northern blot) (Kitamoto et al., 1998)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein VAChT-PA   FBpp0083086   64.3   578   4.78     NP_477138   AAF55587
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	578 (aa); 64 (kD predicted) (Kitamoto et al., 1998)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Multidrug resistance protein (IPR004734) Major facilitator superfamily (IPR011701) Major facilitator superfamily domain, general substrate transporter (IPR016196) Major facilitator superfamily domain (IPR020846)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA697316   AA697787   AA698788   AA801486   AE014297 AAF55587   AC007812   AF030197 AAB86609   AI404210   BI162085   BI583559   BI610073   BT120106   CO177725   CO196695   CO261919   CO264181   CO268169   CO270787   CO294116   CO298120   CO299728   CO306391   CO307923   CO311478   CO329036   EC062254   EC063865   EC064926   EC071356   EC087802   EC198606   EC201603   EC214667   EC218423   EC219747   EC228571   EC228798   EC231391   EC237021   EC238139   EC243282   EC245774   EC250166   EC250875   EC260330   EV581126   GH768740
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	O17444
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
RNase protection, primer extension, SI map Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage     (Kitamoto et al., 1998)
Additional Descriptive Data
	VAChT and Cha transcripts are detected in heads and bodies of adult flies. The ratios of the two transcripts vary in different samples indicating that they are differentially regulated despite sharing a common first exon. (Kitamoto et al., 1998)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference third instar larval stage   ventral nerve cord | restricted   • terminal bouton (Baqri et al., 2006) adult stage   cholinergic neuron   (Kolodziejczyk et al., 2008) lamina   (Kolodziejczyk et al., 2008) lamina monopolar neuron L4   (Kolodziejczyk et al., 2008) lamina monopolar neuron L2   (Kolodziejczyk et al., 2008) centrifugal neuron C2   (Kolodziejczyk et al., 2008) lamina neuropil | distal   (Kolodziejczyk et al., 2008) cholinergic neuron   • terminal bouton (Yasuyama et al., 2002) mushroom body calyx | restricted   (Yasuyama et al., 2002) western blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage     (Kitamoto et al., 1998)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Expression of VAChT is seen in the cell body of both large and small monopolar neurons of the lamina, but in the cell body and axons of the monopolar laminar cell L4. VAChT is seen to localize at the boutons of centrifugal neuron C2 in the distal lamina neuropil. (Kolodziejczyk et al., 2008) VAChT protein is expressed in the presynaptic terminals in the ventral nerve cord, colocalising with Cha protein. (Baqri et al., 2006)
Marker for
	cholinergic neuron
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult central nervous system. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, larval central nervous system. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    415.9 Larval Midgut    1 Larval Hindgut    1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    0.9 Larval Fat Body    2.7 Larval Salivary Gland    1.7 Larval Trachea    2.025 Larval Carcass    5.225 Adult Head    230.7 Adult Eye    40.325 Adult Brain    1176.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    867.3 Adult Crop    1.8 Adult Midgut    0.6 Adult Hindgut    1.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    2.5 Adult Fat Body    7.3 Adult Salivary Gland    3.9 Adult Heart    1.475 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    2.2 Adult Ovary    0.3 Adult Testis    0.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1.6 Adult Carcass    23.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    415.9 Larval Midgut    1 Larval Hindgut    1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    0.9 Larval Fat Body    2.7 Larval Salivary Gland    1.7 Larval Trachea    2.025 Larval Carcass    5.225 Adult Head    230.7 Adult Eye    40.325 Adult Brain  (1176.4) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (867.3) Adult Crop    1.8 Adult Midgut    0.6 Adult Hindgut    1.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    2.5 Adult Fat Body    7.3 Adult Salivary Gland    3.9 Adult Heart    1.475 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    2.2 Adult Ovary    0.3 Adult Testis    0.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1.6 Adult Carcass    23.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    415.9 Larval Midgut    1 Larval Hindgut    1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    0.9 Larval Fat Body    2.7 Larval Salivary Gland    1.7 Larval Trachea    2.025 Larval Carcass    5.225 Adult Head    230.7 Adult Eye    40.325 Adult Brain  (1176.4) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    867.3 Adult Crop    1.8 Adult Midgut    0.6 Adult Hindgut    1.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    2.5 Adult Fat Body    7.3 Adult Salivary Gland    3.9 Adult Heart    1.475 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    2.2 Adult Ovary    0.3 Adult Testis    0.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1.6 Adult Carcass    23.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    415.9 Larval Midgut    1 Larval Hindgut    1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    0.9 Larval Fat Body    2.7 Larval Salivary Gland    1.7 Larval Trachea    2.025 Larval Carcass    5.225 Adult Head    230.7 Adult Eye    40.325 Adult Brain    1176.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    867.3 Adult Crop    1.8 Adult Midgut    0.6 Adult Hindgut    1.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    2.5 Adult Fat Body    7.3 Adult Salivary Gland    3.9 Adult Heart    1.475 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    2.2 Adult Ovary    0.3 Adult Testis    0.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1.6 Adult Carcass    23.5 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    415.9 Larval Midgut    1 Larval Hindgut    1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    0.9 Larval Fat Body    2.7 Larval Salivary Gland    1.7 Larval Trachea    2.025 Larval Carcass    5.225 Adult Head    230.7 Adult Eye    40.325 Adult Brain    1176.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    867.3 Adult Crop    1.8 Adult Midgut    0.6 Adult Hindgut    1.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    2.5 Adult Fat Body    7.3 Adult Salivary Gland    3.9 Adult Heart    1.475 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    2.2 Adult Ovary    0.3 Adult Testis    0.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1.6 Adult Carcass    23.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    415.9 Larval Midgut    1 Larval Hindgut    1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    0.9 Larval Fat Body    2.7 Larval Salivary Gland    1.7 Larval Trachea    2.025 Larval Carcass    5.225 Adult Head    230.7 Adult Eye    40.325 Adult Brain  (1176.4) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (867.3) Adult Crop    1.8 Adult Midgut    0.6 Adult Hindgut    1.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    2.5 Adult Fat Body    7.3 Adult Salivary Gland    3.9 Adult Heart    1.475 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    2.2 Adult Ovary    0.3 Adult Testis    0.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1.6 Adult Carcass    23.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    415.9 Larval Midgut    1 Larval Hindgut    1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    0.9 Larval Fat Body    2.7 Larval Salivary Gland    1.7 Larval Trachea    2.025 Larval Carcass    5.225 Adult Head    230.7 Adult Eye    40.325 Adult Brain  1176.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    867.3 Adult Crop    1.8 Adult Midgut    0.6 Adult Hindgut    1.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    2.5 Adult Fat Body    7.3 Adult Salivary Gland    3.9 Adult Heart    1.475 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    2.2 Adult Ovary    0.3 Adult Testis    0.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1.6 Adult Carcass    23.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    415.9 Larval Midgut    1 Larval Hindgut    1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    0.9 Larval Fat Body    2.7 Larval Salivary Gland    1.7 Larval Trachea    2.025 Larval Carcass    5.225 Adult Head    230.7 Adult Eye    40.325 Adult Brain    1176.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    867.3 Adult Crop    1.8 Adult Midgut    0.6 Adult Hindgut    1.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    2.5 Adult Fat Body    7.3 Adult Salivary Gland    3.9 Adult Heart    1.475 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    2.2 Adult Ovary    0.3 Adult Testis    0.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1.6 Adult Carcass    23.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    230.7   NA  Eye    40.325   NA  Brain    1176.4   415.9  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    867.3   NA  Crop    1.8   1  Midgut    0.6   1  Hindgut    1.5   0.9  Malpighian Tubules    2.5   2.7  Fat Body    7.3   1.7  Salivary Gland    3.9   NA  Heart    1.475   2.025  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    2   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    2.2   NA  Ovary    0.3   NA  Testis    0.9   NA  Male Accessory Gland    1.6   5.225  Carcass    no informative data FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    25 central nervous system, pupae P8    55 head, virgin 1-day female    43 head, virgin 4-day female    35 head, virgin 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day female    39 head, mated 4-day female    27 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male    59 head, mated 4-day male    57 head, mated 20-day male    35 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    11 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    4 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    25 central nervous system, pupae P8  (55) head, virgin 1-day female  (43) head, virgin 4-day female  (35) head, virgin 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day female  (39) head, mated 4-day female  (27) head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male  (59) head, mated 4-day male  (57) head, mated 20-day male  (35) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    11 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    4 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    25 central nervous system, pupae P8    55 head, virgin 1-day female    43 head, virgin 4-day female    35 head, virgin 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day female    39 head, mated 4-day female    27 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male    59 head, mated 4-day male    57 head, mated 20-day male    35 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    11 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    4 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    25 central nervous system, pupae P8    55 head, virgin 1-day female    43 head, virgin 4-day female    35 head, virgin 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day female    39 head, mated 4-day female    27 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male    59 head, mated 4-day male    57 head, mated 20-day male    35 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    11 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    4 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    25 central nervous system, pupae P8    55 head, virgin 1-day female    43 head, virgin 4-day female    35 head, virgin 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day female    39 head, mated 4-day female    27 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male    59 head, mated 4-day male    57 head, mated 20-day male    35 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    11 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    4 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    25 central nervous system, pupae P8  (55) head, virgin 1-day female  (43) head, virgin 4-day female  (35) head, virgin 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day female  (39) head, mated 4-day female  27 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male  (59) head, mated 4-day male  (57) head, mated 20-day male  (35) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    11 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    4 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    25 central nervous system, pupae P8    55 head, virgin 1-day female    43 head, virgin 4-day female    35 head, virgin 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day female    39 head, mated 4-day female    27 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male    59 head, mated 4-day male    57 head, mated 20-day male    35 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    11 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    4 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    25 central nervous system, pupae P8    55 head, virgin 1-day female    43 head, virgin 4-day female    35 head, virgin 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day female    39 head, mated 4-day female    27 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male    59 head, mated 4-day male    57 head, mated 20-day male    35 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    11 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    4 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderate expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed within 12-24 hour embryonic stages, during early larval stages, during late pupal stages, in adult male stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    1 embryo 10-12hr    3 embryo 12-14hr    7 embryo 14-16hr    8 embryo 16-18hr    15 embryo 18-20hr    15 embryo 20-22hr    12 embryo 22-24hr    17 larva L1    12 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    5 pupae 2d postWPP    6 pupae 3d postWPP    9 pupae 4d postWPP    6 adult male 01day    6 adult male 05day    5 adult male 30day    4 adult female 01day    2 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    1 embryo 10-12hr    3 embryo 12-14hr    7 embryo 14-16hr    8 embryo 16-18hr    15 embryo 18-20hr    15 embryo 20-22hr    12 embryo 22-24hr    17 larva L1    12 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    5 pupae 2d postWPP    6 pupae 3d postWPP    9 pupae 4d postWPP    6 adult male 01day    6 adult male 05day    5 adult male 30day    4 adult female 01day    2 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    1 embryo 10-12hr    3 embryo 12-14hr    7 embryo 14-16hr    8 embryo 16-18hr    15 embryo 18-20hr    15 embryo 20-22hr    12 embryo 22-24hr    17 larva L1    12 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    5 pupae 2d postWPP    6 pupae 3d postWPP    9 pupae 4d postWPP    6 adult male 01day    6 adult male 05day    5 adult male 30day    4 adult female 01day    2 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    1 embryo 10-12hr    3 embryo 12-14hr    7 embryo 14-16hr    8 embryo 16-18hr    15 embryo 18-20hr    15 embryo 20-22hr    12 embryo 22-24hr    17 larva L1    12 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    5 pupae 2d postWPP    6 pupae 3d postWPP    9 pupae 4d postWPP    6 adult male 01day    6 adult male 05day    5 adult male 30day    4 adult female 01day    2 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    1 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    1 embryo 10-12hr    3 embryo 12-14hr    7 embryo 14-16hr    8 embryo 16-18hr    15 embryo 18-20hr    15 embryo 20-22hr    12 embryo 22-24hr    17 larva L1    12 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    5 pupae 2d postWPP    6 pupae 3d postWPP    9 pupae 4d postWPP    6 adult male 01day    6 adult male 05day    5 adult male 30day    4 adult female 01day    2 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    1 embryo 10-12hr    3 embryo 12-14hr    7 embryo 14-16hr    8 embryo 16-18hr    15 embryo 18-20hr    15 embryo 20-22hr    12 embryo 22-24hr    17 larva L1    12 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    5 pupae 2d postWPP    6 pupae 3d postWPP    9 pupae 4d postWPP    6 adult male 01day    6 adult male 05day    5 adult male 30day    4 adult female 01day    2 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    1 embryo 10-12hr    3 embryo 12-14hr    7 embryo 14-16hr    8 embryo 16-18hr    15 embryo 18-20hr    15 embryo 20-22hr    12 embryo 22-24hr    17 larva L1    12 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    5 pupae 2d postWPP    6 pupae 3d postWPP    9 pupae 4d postWPP    6 adult male 01day    6 adult male 05day    5 adult male 30day    4 adult female 01day    2 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    1 embryo 10-12hr    3 embryo 12-14hr    7 embryo 14-16hr    8 embryo 16-18hr    15 embryo 18-20hr    15 embryo 20-22hr    12 embryo 22-24hr    17 larva L1    12 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    5 pupae 2d postWPP    6 pupae 3d postWPP    9 pupae 4d postWPP    6 adult male 01day    6 adult male 05day    5 adult male 30day    4 adult female 01day    2 adult female 05day    1 adult female 30day    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (Graveley et al., 2011) mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_11
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0015323 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG32848-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal VAChTCA06666 lethal, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu VAChTGD3054 lethal | embryonic stage (with Df(3R)Cha5) VAChT1 lethal | embryonic stage | recessive VAChT1 lethal | larval stage (with Df(3R)Cha5) VAChT2 lethal | larval stage (with VAChT1) VAChT2 lethal | larval stage (with VAChT2) VAChT1 lethal | larval stage | recessive VAChT2 viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 VAChTGD3054 Other Phenotypes Allele chemical resistant, with Scer\GAL4Cha.7.4 VAChTScer\UAS.cSa VAChTY49N.Scer\UAS flight defective, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu VAChTGD3054 hypoactive | larval stage (with VAChT1) VAChT2 hypoactive | larval stage (with VAChT2) VAChT1 hypoactive | larval stage | recessive VAChT2 locomotor behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4elav.PLu VAChTGD3054 locomotor behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR VAChTGD3054 neurophysiology defective (with VAChT1) VAChT2 neurophysiology defective (with VAChT2) VAChT1 visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 VAChTGD3054 wild-type VAChT+mKa Phenotype manifest in Allele mesothoracic extracoxal depressor muscle 66 VAChT1 VAChT2 tormogen cell, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 VAChTGD3054
Classical Alleles ( 4 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of VAChT Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion VAChTMB06338 1 -- VAChT1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- VAChT2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- VAChTCA06666 P-element activity 0 Yes
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 7 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of VAChT Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion VAChTGD3054 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes VAChTJF02764 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes VAChT+mKa in vitro construct - minigene 0 Yes VAChTE341K.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes VAChTNIG.12345R in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes VAChTScer\UAS.cSa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes VAChTY49N.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3R)Cha5 (Kitamoto et al., 2000) Df(3R)Cha7 (Kitamoto et al., 2000) Df(3R)Cha9 (Kitamoto et al., 2000) Df(3R)Cha-l1 (Kitamoto et al., 2000) Df(3R)Exel6180 (Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Not disrupted in	Df(3R)Cha2 (Kitamoto et al., 2000) In(3R)Chal4 (Kitamoto et al., 2000) T(3;4)ChaM4 (Kitamoto et al., 2000)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD3054} NA P{NIG.12345R} NA P{TRiP.JF02764} NA PBac{UAS-VAChT.E341K} NA PBac{UAS-VAChT.S} NA PBac{UAS-VAChT.Y49N} NA characterization construct P{VAChT+mKa} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions P{PTT-GA}VAChTCA06666 NA insertion of enhancer trap binary system Mi{ET1}ChaMB06338 No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 7 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 terms )
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 7 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
acetylcholine:hydrogen antiporter activity non-traceable author statement (Kitamoto and Salvaterra, 1995) acetylcholine transmembrane transporter activity non-traceable author statement (Kitamoto, 1997.10.15) drug transmembrane transporter activity inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004734 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
drug transport inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004734 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) neurotransmitter transport non-traceable author statement (Kitamoto, 1997.10.15) transmembrane transport inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR011701 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
integral to membrane inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004734, InterPro:IPR011701 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) non-traceable author statement (Kitamoto, 1997.10.15)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	gene_with_dicistronic_primary_transcript (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003) nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions VAChT allele Gene References
External Data
Linkouts	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0015323
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (29) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6TB4X4 Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6JT0DX Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6GHXJH Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG6QV9TB Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG6SR8Q4
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6TB4X4)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\VAChT     Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA17179     Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ14407 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH23496 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6JT0DX)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL010462   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP002369   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ001607
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6GHXJH)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\GB43295   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG013917   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH18207   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP19528   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO16373   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL16277   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH18362   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB18932   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV14614   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI005299   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA013466   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM569790   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC000945
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG6QV9TB)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\murE   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW022169
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG6SR8Q4)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_006161gn   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\CABZ01112647.1   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\slc18a3a   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\slc18a3   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\SLC18A3   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Slc18a3   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\SLC18A3
Human Orthologs (1)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\SLC18A3
AAA Orthologs (2) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ14407 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH23496
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 3 )
Bloomington	27684 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF02764}attP2 26045 w1118; Mi{ET1}ChaMB06338 VAChTMB06338
VDRC	v40918 w1118; P{GD3054}v40918
Genomic Clones ( 3 )
	BACR01D01 BACR01F15 BACR40J10 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 43 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones	MIP14469
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	GH23840 HL02239 HL02393 HL03153 HL05689 RE01505 RH14945 RH22203
Other clones	16658 50375 53401 74927 78858 103103 103226 105084 144897 152993 172680 193763 214281.55 CK01.3A.H6 CK01.67B.A4 CK01.107C.G3 CK01.111D.H2 CK01.130C.E12 CK01.133A.B6 Dmel_dig_008435_0668_3067 EK007563 EK054134 EK081726 EK090426 EK100239 EK137904 EK171534 EK176421 EK206036 EK224662 EK250933 EK256211 EK291918 RP001049626
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0015323 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 42795
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Kitamoto et al., 1998)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of
Additional comments	One or more of the processed transcripts for this gene share(s) untranslated sequences with a transcript of an adjacent gene, but encode(s) a single open reading frame (ORF). The non-overlapping ORFs that share untranslated sequences are represented by Cha and VAChT. (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003) Cha and VAChT share a common first exon. (Kitamoto et al., 1998) "Chn" may correspond to "VAChT". Cha and VAChT share a common first exon. (Kitamoto and Salvaterra, 1995)
Other Comments
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_057790 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_477138 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAB86609 AAF55587 AC007812 AF030197 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 42795 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • O17444
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Multidrug resistance protein (IPR004734) Major facilitator superfamily (IPR011701) Major facilitator superfamily domain, general substrate transporter (IPR016196) Major facilitator superfamily domain (IPR020846)
Linkouts
	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0015323 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0015323 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0015323 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG32848-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0015323 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 42795 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0015323
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 11 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG12345   CG32848 (Perkins et al., 2009) CT41182 (Butler, 2000.10.9) vacht (Yang and Kunes, 2004, Kolodziejczyk et al., 2008) Vacht (Song and Salvaterra, 2001, Kitamoto et al., 2000) VACHT (Pebusque et al., 1998) VAChT (Buszczak et al., 2007, Dietzl et al., 2007, Baqri et al., 2006, Edwards et al., 2009, Sluder et al., 2012, Abruzzi et al., 2011, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21) vAChT (Kolodziejczyk et al., 2008) VACht (Enright et al., 2003) VaChT (Soshnev et al., 2012)
Name Synonym	VAChT   vesicular acetylcholine transporter (Kolodziejczyk et al., 2008)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0052848 FBgn0064131
References ( 34 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 34 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 14 ) Supplementary material  ( 3 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 7 ) Abstract  ( 5 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 3 ) Stock list  ( 1 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 3 )
	Sluder et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(5): e34712 Spiroindolines identify the vesicular acetylcholine transporter as a novel target for insecticide action. [FBrf0219686] Soshnev et al., 2012, Nucleic Acids Res. 40(12): 5415--5431 Genome-wide studies of the multi-zinc finger Drosophila Suppressor of Hairy-wing protein in the ovary. [FBrf0218724] Abruzzi et al., 2011, Genes Dev. 25(22): 2374--2386 Drosophila CLOCK target gene characterization: implications for circadian tissue-specific gene expression. [FBrf0216798] Show all research papers ...