lio, linotte
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AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.
Stop-codon suppression (UAA) postulated; FBrf0216884.
Gene model reviewed during 5.44
Gene model reviewed during 5.48
3.1 (longest cDNA)
None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.
610 (aa)
The extracellular WIF domain is responsible for Wnt binding.
Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\drl using the Feature Mapper tool.
Comment: anlage in statu nascendi
Comment: anlage in statu nascendi
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage
Comment: reported as ventral nerve cord anlage
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium
Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium
Comment: reported as dorsal epidermis anlage
Comment: reported as head epidermis primordium
Comment: reported as head epidermis primordium
Comment: reported as head epidermis primordium
Comment: reference states 10-14 hr AEL
Comment: reference states 10-14 hr AEL
Comment: reference states 10-14 hr AEL
In stage 12 embryos, drl is expressed in the posterior lobe but not in the anterior lobe of the optic primordium.
drl is expressed in neuronal cell bodies that send projections to the anterior commissure.
drl RNA expression initiates at stage 11 in the
dorsoposterior portion of the salivary placodes, encompassing the initial site of invagination and thus the cells that will later form the distal tip of the salivary gland.
drl transcripts are expressed in lateral transverse muscles 1-3 in abdominal segments A2 through A7 as they grow and form attachments to the epidermis. They are enriched at the tips of the muscles where they will form their ventral attachments at hour 13, and are no longer detected by hour 15.
drl transcript expression is restricted to the cell bodies of a cluster of about 20 interneurons per hemisegment. Expression commences postmitotically in the neurons as they begin elongating axons and continues throughout embryogenesis.
Comment: reference states 10-14 hr AEL
Comment: reference states 10-14 hr AEL
Comment: reference states 10-14 hr AEL
Comment: 16h APF
drl-protein is expressed in six large groups of cells in the dorsomedial part of the third instar larval brain. At 24 APF drl-protein is detected in cells of the protocerebrum surrounding the mushroom body. At 48 APF the extracellular domain of drl can be detected at the tips of mushroom body lobes alpha and beta. Higher levels are detected at the tip of alpha lobes compared to beta lobes.
drl-protein is detected at 16h APF throughout the developing antennal lobes with high concentrations in the dorsolateral region. drl-protein is co-expressed with Scer\GAL4GH146 and Wnt5-protein in dendrites of a subset of antennal lobe projection neurons.
In pupae of 21hrs APF to 42hrs APF, drl is detectable in discrete regions of the antennal lobe, with strong expression in the lateral-ventral portion of the anterior antennal lobe, and only in the dorso-lateral region of the posterior antennal lobe.
In the late embryonic brain, two commissural tracts express drl protein; these tracts do not co-express Fas3, and the axonal growth cones of embryonic Kenyon cells are closesly apposed to them. In the third instar larval brain, drl protein is expressed in a complex pattern characterized by a lack of colocalization with with Fas2-positive mushroom body axons. Expression is observed in four glial cells, located in the posterior part of the larval brain, whose processes wrap around the mushroom body lobes. drl immunoreactivity is also observed in brain commissures, in the optic lobe and incoming photoreceptor axons, and in commissural neurons of the thoracico-abdominal ganglion.
drl protein was localized to projection neuron dendrites during glomerular development and was found to function in glial cells.
drl protein is first detected in larvae at the early third instar stage and increases until pupation. It is then detected in the optic lobe anlage and in the interhemispheric area, near the commissure. A dynamic expression pattern is also observed in the central area of the larval brain.
drl protein is detected in the epidermis and mesoderm during embyogenesis. It is expressed in lateral transverse muscles 1-3 in abdominal segments A2 through A7 as they grow and form attachments to the epidermis. It is first detected at hour 10 of development, is enriched at the tips of the muscles where they will form their ventral attachments at hour 13, and is no longer detected by hour 15. drl protein is detected in the epidermis starting at hour 6 in stripes 3-4 cells wide in each segment. It is restricted to the anterior of eac segment during segmental groove formation and then at hour 9.5 expands posteriorly from the grooves, resulting in patches of drl-expressing cells. The patches become more refined and are positioned around the dorsal and ventral attachment sites for lateral transverse muscles 1-3.
drl protein is localized to the growth cones and axons of the drl-expressing neurons as they cross the anterior commissure. After they have turned anteriorly, drl protein cannot be detected in the part of the axons within the connectives and is restricted to axon segments within the anterior commissure.
GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals
View Dmel\drl in GBrowse 2Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.
Source for merge of: drl CG10758 CG17348
Release 1 annotation CG10758 corresponds to part of the release 3.2 annotation for drl (CG17348).
The gene described as 'lio' in FBrf0083123 is drl (FBgn0015380), as is made clear by comparison of molecular maps in FBrf0083123 and FBrf0083785.
FlyBase curator comment: pigeon and drl are neighboring genes, pigeon being 5' and distal to drl. Confusingly, both pigeon and drl have been referred to as 'lio' in the literature. e.g. the gene described as 'lio' in FBrf0083123 is drl (FBgn0015380), the gene described as 'lio' in FBrf0083785 is pigeon (FBgn0010309).
drl is required for mushroom body α branch axon guidance during brain development. drl protein is expressed in the dorsomedial lineages adjacent to the mushroom bodies and acts to capture and present Wnt5 protein to mushroom body axons (rather than transducing a Wnt5 signal). The drl ectodomain must be cleaved and shed to guide the α axons. Biochemical data indicates that a cleaved and shed drl extracellular domain can form a ternary complex with Wnt5 and Drl-2, providing a mechanism by which mushroom body α axon guidance may occur, since these axons express Drl-2 protein.
drl functions cell-autonomously in the projection neurons to promote the targeting of their dendrites to the dorsolateral region of the adult antennal lobe.
drl and Wnt5 are required (in the salivary gland and in the central nervous system respectively) for normal salivary gland migration in the embryo. They are required in the third phase of migration, to mediate the final positioning of the gland, as the salivary gland detaches from the circular visceral mesoderm and contacts the longitudinal visceral mesoderm.
When dsRNA constructs are made and transiently transfected into S2 cells in RNAi experiments, an increase in cytokinetic index is seen.
Expression of drl in each of four subclasses of anterior commissural neurons is controlled by separate transcriptional regulatory sequences.
drl acts as a guidance receptor for a repellent ligand present in the posterior commissure in the developing embryonic nervous system.
drl mutants show structural brain defects in the adult central complex and mushroom bodies.
Neurons and muscles use common mechanisms to recognise their paths or targets. drl plays an analogous role in both developing systems.
The drl gene product may be part of an atypical signal transduction cascade involved in the development of the adult brain.
Behaviour-genetic data suggests that 'lio' is non-vital.
'lio' is involved with learning and memory.
In French someone who forgets everything is said to be a "tete de linotte," the equivalent of bird-brain in English.