FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\ksr

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\ksr

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

kinase suppressor of ras

Annotation Symbol

CG2899

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0015402

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

13 publicly available

Gene Summary

kinase suppressor of ras (ksr) encodes a MAP-kinase scaffold protein. It mediates the activation of the serine/threonine kinase encoded by Dsor1. [Date last reviewed: 2019-06-13] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Pathway
Gene Group
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

l(3)j5E2, SR3-1

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

83A5-83A5

Sequence location

3R:5,478,390..5,483,906 [-]

Recombination map

3-47.5

RefSeq locus

NT_033777 REGION:5478390..5483906

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse GBrowse

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Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

GO Summary Ribbons

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (25 terms)

Molecular Function (6 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables kinase binding

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:P11346,UniProtKB:Q24324

(assigned by UniProt )

(Lavoie et al., 2018)

enables MAP-kinase scaffold activity

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Raf; FB:FBgn0003079, FLYBASE:Dsor1; FB:FBgn0010269

(Roy et al., 2002)

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Raf; FB:FBgn0003079, FLYBASE:Dsor1; FB:FBgn0010269, FLYBASE:cnk; FB:FBgn0286070

(Douziech et al., 2006)

enables protein binding

inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:ave; FB:FBgn0050476

(Douziech et al., 2006)

enables protein kinase activator activity

inferred from direct assay

(Roy et al., 2002)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables ATP binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000719, InterPro:IPR017441

(assigned by InterPro )

(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)

enables protein kinase activity

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001148170

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

Biological Process (18 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (14 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in defense response to virus

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Xu et al., 2013)

involved_in epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Zhang et al., 2011, Cabernard and Affolter, 2005)

involved_in epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Cabernard and Affolter, 2005)

involved_in fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Cabernard and Affolter, 2005)

involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Dworkin and Gibson, 2006)

involved_in positive regulation of cell size

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Sims et al., 2009)

involved_in positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade

inferred from direct assay

(Lavoie et al., 2018, Douziech et al., 2006)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Raf; FB:FBgn0003079

(Roy et al., 2002)

involved_in positive regulation of MAPK cascade

inferred from mutant phenotype

(assigned by UniProt )

(Lavoie et al., 2018)

involved_in positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Roy et al., 2002)

inferred from high throughput genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Ras85D; FB:FBgn0003205

(Ashton-Beaucage et al., 2014)

involved_in R7 cell fate commitment

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Karim et al., 1996)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:csw; FB:FBgn0000382

(Therrien et al., 2000)

involved_in sevenless signaling pathway

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Roy et al., 2002, Karim et al., 1996)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:csw; FB:FBgn0000382

(Therrien et al., 2000)

involved_in torso signaling pathway

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Therrien et al., 1995)

involved_in tracheal outgrowth, open tracheal system

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Cabernard and Affolter, 2005)

involved_in vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Sims et al., 2009)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in anterior/posterior axis specification, embryo

traceable author statement

(Baek and Lee, 1999)

involved_in protein phosphorylation

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000719, InterPro:IPR001245, InterPro:IPR008266

(assigned by InterPro )

(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)

involved_in Ras protein signal transduction

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001509881

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

involved_in signal transduction

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001148170

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

Cellular Component (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in cytoplasm

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001148170

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

NON-RECEPTOR TLK KINASES

Pathway (FlyBase)

Torso Signaling Pathway Core Components

Sevenless Signaling Pathway Core Components

EGFR Signaling Pathway Core Components

FGFR Signaling Pathway Core Components

Pvr Signaling Pathway Core Components

Protein Family (UniProt)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

kinase suppressor of ras (ksr) encodes a MAP-kinase scaffold protein. It mediates the activation of the serine/threonine kinase encoded by Dsor1. [Date last reviewed: 2019-06-13]

Pathway (FlyBase)

Torso Signaling Pathway Core Components -: The formation of Drosophila embryonic termini is controlled by the localized activation of Torso (tor) receptor tyrosine kinase. The Torso signaling pathway acts via the canonical Ras/Raf/MAP kinase cascade. (Adapted from FBrf0157176.)
Sevenless Signaling Pathway Core Components -: The specification of the R7 photoreceptor cell in each ommatidium of the developing Drosophila eye is dependent on activation of Sevenless receptor tyrosine kinase, which acts via the canonical Ras/Raf/MAP kinase cascade to promote the expression of lz and pros. sev, expressed in presumptive R7 cells, is activated by binding to Bride of Sevenless (boss), a seven-transmembrane protein expressed in R8 cells. (Adapted from FBrf0127283 and FBrf0221727).
EGFR Signaling Pathway Core Components -: The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway is used multiple times during development (FBrf0190321). It is activated by the binding of a secreted ligand to the receptor tyrosine kinase Egfr and acts via the canonical Ras/Raf/MAP kinase (ERK) cascade. (Adapted from FBrf0190321 and FBrf0221727).
FGFR Signaling Pathway Core Components -: Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) signaling pathway is initiated by the binding of secreted FGFs - bnl or ths/pyr to receptor tyrosine kinases btl or htl, respectively, to initiate signaling primarily via the canonical Ras/Raf/MAP kinase (ERK) cascade. (Adapted from FBrf0221038).
Pvr Signaling Pathway Core Components -: PDGF/VEGF (Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)-receptor related (Pvr) encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase activated by the binding of PDGF- and VEGF-related factors (Pvf1,Pvf2 or Pvf3). Pvr has been shown to activate the canonical Ras/Raf/MAP kinase (ERK) cascade, the PI3K kinase pathway, TORC1 (FBrf0222697), Rho family small GTPases (FBrf0221764, FBrf0180198) and the JNK cascade (FBrf0180198), in a context-dependent manner. (Adapted from FBrf0222697 and FBrf0221727).

Gene Group (FlyBase)

NON-RECEPTOR TLK KINASES -: Non-receptor tyrosine kinase-like (TKL) kinases are a diverse group of intracellular serine-threonine protein kinases with sequence similarity to tyrosine kinases (TK) but lacking TK-specific motifs.

Summary (Interactive Fly)

Ras pathway scaffolding protein - Ksr associates independently with Raf and Mek, and these interactions facilitate formation of a RAF/MEK complex thus promoting signaling through the Ras pathway

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\ksr for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.53

Antisense UTR: 3' UTR of long isoforms antisense to Hcs on opposite strand.

Gene model reviewed during 5.48

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

ksr-RA

FBtr0078766

NM_079512

3600

966

ksr-RB

FBtr0344272

NM_001300248

4559

966

ksr-RC

FBtr0344273

NM_001300249

5517

966

ksr-RD

FBtr0344274

NM_001300250

3354

966

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

3.6 (northern blot)

(Therrien et al., 1995)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

RefSeq ID

GenBank

ksr-PA

FBpp0078413

105.8

966

7.97

NP_524236

AAF52021

ksr-PB

FBpp0310677

105.8

966

7.97

NP_001287177

AHN57176

ksr-PC

FBpp0310678

105.8

966

7.97

NP_001287178

AHN57177

ksr-PD

FBpp0310679

105.8

966

7.97

NP_001287179

AHN57178

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

966 aa isoforms: ksr-PA, ksr-PB, ksr-PC, ksr-PD

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\ksr using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

ksr_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Expression Summary Ribbons

Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.

For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.

Transcript Expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

day 5 of adulthood & male -- day 7 of adulthood & male

spermatozoon

(Wasbrough et al., 2010)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\ksr in GBrowse 2

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\ksr

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\ksr

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

40660/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0015402

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0015402

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0015402

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0015402

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 20 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 9 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of ksr

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of ksr

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )

Gene not disrupted in

Df(3R)e1025-14

(Therrien et al., 1995)

Inferred from location ( 0 )

Dp(3;2)GV-CH321-68P01

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal | embryonic stage | germline clone | non-rescuable maternal effect | recessive

ksr^3R-148-40

lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

ksr^GD9845

lethal | recessive

partially lethal - majority die | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

ksr^GD9845

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

ksr^GD9845

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

ksr^GD9845

Sterility

Allele

female semi-sterile, with Scer\GAL4^nos.PG, Scer\GAL4^VP16.nos.UTR, Scer\GAL4^VP16.otu

female semi-sterile, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

ksr^GL01134

Other Phenotypes

Allele

terminal phenotype | germline clone | maternal effect

ksr^3R-148-40

visible

ksr^S-548

visible, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

ksr^GD9845

visible | dominant

ksr^j5E2

visible | recessive

ksr^S-548

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

abdominal segment 8 & cephalopharyngeal skeleton | germ-line clone

ksr^S-638

abdominal segment 9 & cephalopharyngeal skeleton | germ-line clone

ksr^S-638

abdominal segment 10 & cephalopharyngeal skeleton | germ-line clone

ksr^S-638

abdominal segment 11 & cephalopharyngeal skeleton | germ-line clone

ksr^S-638

dorsal air sac primordium | somatic clone

ksr^S-638

embryo | germline clone | maternal effect

ksr^3R-148-40

embryo | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

ksr^GL01134

embryonic/larval visceral muscle cell | embryonic stage | maternal effect

embryonic/larval visceral muscle cell | embryonic stage | maternal effect (with ksr^S-627)

ksr^S-638

embryonic/larval visceral muscle cell | embryonic stage | maternal effect (with ksr^S-638)

ksr^S-627

eye

ksr^S-548

eye photoreceptor cell

ksr^S-548

mesothoracic tergum, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

ksr^GD9845

muscle cell of ventral acute muscle 2 | precursor

ksr^s628

ommatidium

ksr^S-548

photoreceptor cell

ksr^S-548

terminalia | germline clone

ksr^S-638

wing

ksr^j5E2

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Download All OrthoDB Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Homo sapiens (Human) (19)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Hsap\KSR2

14 of 15

Yes

Hsap\KSR1

12 of 15

Yes

2 of 15

2 of 15

2 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (19)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Mmus\Ksr2

13 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Ksr1

12 of 15

Yes

2 of 15

2 of 15

2 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (20)

Rnor\Ksr1

8 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Ksr2

6 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Araf

2 of 13

Rnor\Braf

2 of 13

Rnor\NEWGENE_1308105

2 of 13

Yes

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (13)

Xtro\ksr1

7 of 12

Yes

Xtro\araf

2 of 12

Yes

Xtro\braf

2 of 12

Xtro\ksr2

2 of 12

Yes

2 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Yes

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Yes

Xtro\ripk1

1 of 12

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (24)

Drer\ksr1a

9 of 15

Yes

Drer\ksr1b

8 of 15

Yes

Drer\ksr2

8 of 15

Yes

2 of 15

2 of 15

2 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

Yes

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

Drer\si:ch211-45c16.2

1 of 15

Drer\si:ch211-113e8.3

1 of 15

Drer\si:dkey-181f22.4

1 of 15

Yes

Drer\si:dkeyp-75h12.2

1 of 15

Drer\tesk2

1 of 15

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (4)

Cele\ksr-1

10 of 15

Yes

Cele\ksr-2

8 of 15

Yes

Cele\kin-31

1 of 15

Cele\ZK622.1

1 of 15

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (11)

Atha\AT1G01450

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT1G18160

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT1G64300

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT1G73660

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT2G31010

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT3G58640

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT4G24480

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT5G11850

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT5G41730

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CTR1

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\EDR1

1 of 9

Yes

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

No records found.

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)

Spom\pck1

1 of 12

Yes

Ortholog(s) in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091902B2 )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

AAA Syntenic Ortholog

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Drosophila suzukii

Spotted wing Drosophila

Drosophila simulans

Drosophila sechellia

Drosophila erecta

Drosophila yakuba

Drosophila ananassae

Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura

Dpse\GA15503

Drosophila persimilis

Dper\GL22162

Drosophila willistoni

Dwil\GK11853

Drosophila virilis

Dvir\ksr

Drosophila mojavensis

Dmoj\GI24496

Drosophila grimshawi

Dgri\GH18995

Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG0915013Z )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Musca domestica

House fly

Mdoa\17006211

Glossina morsitans

Tsetse fly

Gmor\GMOY010709

Lucilia cuprina

Australian sheep blowfly

Lcup\FF38_03748

Aedes aegypti

Yellow fever mosquito

Aaeg\AAEL008585

Anopheles darlingi

American malaria mosquito

Adar\ADAC007443

Anopheles gambiae

Malaria mosquito

Agam\AGAP001482

Culex quinquefasciatus

Southern house mosquito

Cqui\CPIJ017063

Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W0210 )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Bombyx mori

Silkmoth

Bmor\BGIBMGA009848

Bombyx mori

Silkmoth

Bmor\BGIBMGA007963

Danaus plexippus

Monarch butterfly

Dple\DPOGS200860-PA

Danaus plexippus

Monarch butterfly

Dple\DPOGS215325-PA

Heliconius melpomene

Postman butterfly

Hmel\HMEL012645

Apis florea

Little honeybee

Aflo\2222185924

Apis florea

Little honeybee

Aflo\2385625204

Apis mellifera

Western honey bee

Amel\Raf1

Apis mellifera

Western honey bee

Amel\GB46877

Bombus impatiens

Common eastern bumble bee

Bimp\BIMP13126

Bombus impatiens

Common eastern bumble bee

Bimp\BIMP25858

Bombus terrestris

Buff-tailed bumblebee

Bter\15215461

Bombus terrestris

Buff-tailed bumblebee

Bter\15207680

Linepithema humile

Argentine ant

Lhum\LH23906

Linepithema humile

Argentine ant

Lhum\LH19690

Megachile rotundata

Alfalfa leafcutting bee

Mrot\MROTU:000382

Megachile rotundata

Alfalfa leafcutting bee

Mrot\MROTU:00210d

Nasonia vitripennis

Parasitic wasp

Nvit\Nasvi2EG005342

Nasonia vitripennis

Parasitic wasp

Nvit\Nasvi2EG008187

Dendroctonus ponderosae

Mountain pine beetle

Dpod\YQE_07022

Dendroctonus ponderosae

Mountain pine beetle

Dpod\YQE_01007

Tribolium castaneum

Red flour beetle

Tcas\TC005910

Tribolium castaneum

Red flour beetle

Tcas\TC011404

Pediculus humanus

Human body louse

Phum\PHUM291680

Pediculus humanus

Human body louse

Phum\PHUM472510

Rhodnius prolixus

Kissing bug

Rpro\RPRC004230

Rhodnius prolixus

Kissing bug

Rpro\RPRC010991

Cimex lectularius

Bed bug

Clec\CLEC008625

Cimex lectularius

Bed bug

Clec\CLEC004995

Acyrthosiphon pisum

Pea aphid

Apim\ACYPI009846

Acyrthosiphon pisum

Pea aphid

Apim\ACYPI006112

Zootermopsis nevadensis

Nevada dampwood termite

Znev\Znev_04497

Zootermopsis nevadensis

Nevada dampwood termite

Znev\Znev_11742

Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X01YF )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Strigamia maritima

European centipede

Smar\SMAR007780

Strigamia maritima

European centipede

Smar\SMAR013833

Ixodes scapularis

Black-legged tick

Isca\ISCW017442

Ixodes scapularis

Black-legged tick

Isca\ISCW011622

Stegodyphus mimosarum

African social velvet spider

Smim\KFM62098.1

Stegodyphus mimosarum

African social velvet spider

Smim\KFM62099.1

Stegodyphus mimosarum

African social velvet spider

Smim\KFM70934.1

Tetranychus urticae

Two-spotted spider mite

Turt\tetur14g02950

Tetranychus urticae

Two-spotted spider mite

Turt\tetur16g01360

Tetranychus urticae

Two-spotted spider mite

Turt\tetur496g00020

Daphnia pulex

Water flea

Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_315683

Daphnia pulex

Water flea

Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_329047

Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091G02ZN )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\SPU_000515gn

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\Sp-Ksr1

Ciona intestinalis

Vase tunicate

Cint\ENSCING00000020002

Gallus gallus

Domestic chicken

Ggal\KSR2

Gallus gallus

Domestic chicken

Ggal\KSR1

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (11)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Mos

2 of 10

Raf

2 of 10

Tak1

2 of 10

Takl2

2 of 10

wnd

2 of 10

cdi

1 of 10

Ilk

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Model Summary Ribbon

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

ksr^j5E2

ameliorates tauopathy

modeled by Hsap\MAPT^GMR.Ex.PJ

(Ambegaokar and Jackson, 2011)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

KSR2; kinase suppressor of ras 2

14 of 15

610737

KSR1; kinase suppressor of ras 1

12 of 15

601132

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Interactions Browser

View in Interactions Browser

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

ksr - CG3008

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

ksr - CG3517

two hybrid

(Hu et al., 2017.6.13)

ksr - CkIIα

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Stark et al., 2011)

ksr - CkIIβ

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Stark et al., 2011)

ksr - Droj2

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

ksr - Dsor1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

ksr - Fatp2

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

ksr - GCS2β

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

ksr - Gfat2

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

ksr - Gp93

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

ksr - Gsc

two hybrid

(Hu et al., 2017.6.13)

ksr - Hsp60A

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

ksr - Hsp83

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

ksr - Mcad

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

ksr - PH4αEFB

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

ksr - PyK

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

ksr - Raf

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

ksr - RpL10

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

ksr - SERCA

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

ksr - Tep4

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, anti tag western blot

(Friedman et al., 2011, Friedman et al., 2011)

ksr - ZAP3

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

ksr - cindr

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

ksr - cnk

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

ksr - eIF4G1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

ksr - fax

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

ksr - scf

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

ksr - sea

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

ksr - sta

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

esyN Network Key:

Suppression

Enhancement

View in Interactions Browser

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

suppressible

(Lai et al., 1997)

suppressible

(Johnson Hamlet and Perkins, 2001)

ksr

suppressible

PTP-ER

(Karim and Rubin, 1999)

ksr

suppressible

Raf::tor

(Therrien et al., 1995)

ksr

suppressible

ttk

(Lai et al., 1997)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

C3G

suppressible

ksr

(Ishimaru et al., 1999)

csw

enhanceable

ksr

(Firth et al., 2000)

Dsor1

enhanceable

ksr

(Karim et al., 1996)

ksr::tor

enhanceable

ksr

(Therrien et al., 2000)

PTP-ER

enhanceable

ksr

(Karim and Rubin, 1999)

Raf

enhanceable

ksr

(Therrien et al., 2000, Karim et al., 1996)

Ras85D::Src64B

suppressible

ksr

(Therrien et al., 1995)

Ras85D

suppressible

ksr

(Therrien et al., 2000, Karim et al., 1996, Therrien et al., 1995)

Ras85D|sev

suppressible

ksr

(Maixner et al., 1998)

Ret

suppressible

ksr

(Read et al., 2005)

External Data

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

65868

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0015402

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Torso Signaling Pathway Core Components -: The formation of Drosophila embryonic termini is controlled by the localized activation of Torso (tor) receptor tyrosine kinase. The Torso signaling pathway acts via the canonical Ras/Raf/MAP kinase cascade. (Adapted from FBrf0157176.)
Sevenless Signaling Pathway Core Components -: The specification of the R7 photoreceptor cell in each ommatidium of the developing Drosophila eye is dependent on activation of Sevenless receptor tyrosine kinase, which acts via the canonical Ras/Raf/MAP kinase cascade to promote the expression of lz and pros. sev, expressed in presumptive R7 cells, is activated by binding to Bride of Sevenless (boss), a seven-transmembrane protein expressed in R8 cells. (Adapted from FBrf0127283 and FBrf0221727).
EGFR Signaling Pathway Core Components -: The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway is used multiple times during development (FBrf0190321). It is activated by the binding of a secreted ligand to the receptor tyrosine kinase Egfr and acts via the canonical Ras/Raf/MAP kinase (ERK) cascade. (Adapted from FBrf0190321 and FBrf0221727).
FGFR Signaling Pathway Core Components -: Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) signaling pathway is initiated by the binding of secreted FGFs - bnl or ths/pyr to receptor tyrosine kinases btl or htl, respectively, to initiate signaling primarily via the canonical Ras/Raf/MAP kinase (ERK) cascade. (Adapted from FBrf0221038).
Pvr Signaling Pathway Core Components -: PDGF/VEGF (Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)-receptor related (Pvr) encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase activated by the binding of PDGF- and VEGF-related factors (Pvf1,Pvf2 or Pvf3). Pvr has been shown to activate the canonical Ras/Raf/MAP kinase (ERK) cascade, the PI3K kinase pathway, TORC1 (FBrf0222697), Rho family small GTPases (FBrf0221764, FBrf0180198) and the JNK cascade (FBrf0180198), in a context-dependent manner. (Adapted from FBrf0222697 and FBrf0221727).

Metabolic Pathways

FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.

FBgn0015402

External Data

Linkouts

KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.

MAPK signaling pathway - fly

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

3-47.5

Cytogenetic map

83A5-83A5

Sequence location

3R:5,478,390..5,483,906 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

83A5-83A5

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}Snr1⁰¹³¹⁹&P{PZ}Itp-r83A⁰⁵⁶¹⁶ and P{lacW}Atu^s1938

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

83A3-83A5

(Therrien, 1995.12.19)

83A5-83A6

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Spradling et al., 1999)

83A5-83A6

(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-47.5

(FlyBase, 2016, Therrien et al., 1995)

3-44.1

(Comeron et al., 2012)

(Therrien, 1995.12.19)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

P{lacW}1025 (at 82F8-10) maps to the left of P{lacW}ksr^j5E2 (at 83A5-83A6).

(Therrien et al., 1995)

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (13)

Bloomington

41598

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.GL01134}attP2

5683

ksr^S-627/TM3, P{sevRas1.V12}FK2, Sb¹

62685

w¹¹¹⁸; PBac{IT.GAL4}Hcs^0180-G4 ksr^0180-G4

35262

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.GL00153}attP2

79656

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TOE.GS01207}attP40

32937

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS00730}attP2

10212

w¹¹¹⁸; P{lacW}ksr^j5E2/TM3, P{ftz-lacC}SC1, ry^RK Sb¹ Ser¹

36242

y¹ w^*; Mi{MIC}Hcs^MI03491 ksr^MI03491/TM3, Sb¹ Ser¹

19645

y¹ w^67c23; P{EPgy2}ksr^EY01688 Hcs^EY01688/TM3, Sb¹ Ser¹

VDRC

v110621

P{KK107788}VIE-260B

v45041

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD9845}v45041

v342001

P{hsFLP}1, y¹ w¹¹¹⁸; P{HD_CFD01349}attP40/CyO-GFP

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (22)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (37)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

AT08303

Other clones

DPiM_AT08303

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0015402

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0015402

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

40660

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Stark et al., 2011)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Other Information

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: ksr CG2899

(Zheng, 1999.11)

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: ksr l(3)j5E2

(Spradling et al., 1999)

Additional comments

The ksr gene may have been derived from the phl gene by retroposition.

(Pan and Zhang, 2009)

Other Comments

dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene.

(Douziech et al., 2006)

cnk acts as a molecular platform that coordinates the assembly and activity of a phl-activating complex. ksr, which is recruited to cnk-bound phl by the ave protein, is a central component of the phl activation process.

(Douziech et al., 2006)

dsRNA has been made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene.

(Roignant et al., 2006)

dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R⁺ cell morphology.

(Kiger et al., 2003)

ksr protein facilitates the phosphorylation of Dsor1 protein by phl protein. ksr protein associates independently with phl and Dsor1 proteins, which results in the formation of a phl/Dsor1 complex.

(Roy et al., 2002)

Overexpression of ksr blocks R7 photoreceptor cell formation in the eye.

(Cacace et al., 1999)

The MAPK cascade is required for Ras85D mitogenic response, loss of function mutations in phl, Dsor1, rl and ksr dominantly suppress hyperplastic growth, as do mutations in the Ras85D effector loop that disrupt the Ras85D-phl interaction.

(Karim and Rubin, 1998)

aop and ttk mutations dominantly suppress eye phenotypes of ksr mutants.

(Lai et al., 1997)

Mutant phenotype indicates both aop and ttk are involved in the Ras/MAPK pathway.

(Lai et al., 1997)

Immunoprecipitation experiments reveals the physical association between the phl and ksr products in Drosophila embryos.

(Therrien et al., 1996)

ksr functions in multiple receptor tyrosine kinase pathways.

(Therrien et al., 1995)

A screen to identify mutations affecting the Ras85D signalling pathway identified alleles of phl, Dsor1, rl, aop, βggt-I, mts, ksr and phyl.

(Therrien et al., 1995)

Origin and Etymology

Discoverer

Etymology

Identification

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 107 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

40660

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Other crossreferences

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0015402

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

40660/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0015402

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

ksr_1

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0015402

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0015402

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0015402

FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.

FBgn0015402

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

40660

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC005910

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

Dmel_CG2899

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

40660

modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project

FBgn0015402

SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.

Q8ISD7

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

65868

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0015402

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0015402

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0015402

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0015402

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.

MAPK signaling pathway - fly

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (17)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG2899

(Hosono et al., 2015, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Pan and Zhang, 2009, Molnar et al., 2006, Barbash et al., 2003, Morrison et al., 2000)

EC3-1

(Baril et al., 2014)

EK3-1

(Therrien et al., 2000)

KSR

(Sun et al., 2020, Lavoie et al., 2018, Ashton-Beaucage et al., 2016, Stark et al., 2011, Zhang et al., 2011, Slack et al., 2010, Ashton-Beaucage and Therrien, 2007, Douziech et al., 2006, Sundaram, 2005, Douziech et al., 2003, Huang and Rubin, 2000, Baek and Lee, 1999, Spradling et al., 1999, Hermon et al., 1998, Karim and Rubin, 1998)

KSR-1

(Anselmo et al., 2002)

Ksr

(Mbodj et al., 2013, Friedman et al., 2011, Friedman et al., 2011, Rajakulendran et al., 2009, Friedman and Perrimon, 2006, Roignant et al., 2006, Cork and Purugganan, 2004, Li et al., 2000, Karim et al., 1997)

Ksr-1

(Downward, 1995)

SR3-1

(Therrien et al., 1995)

dKsr

(Jacobs et al., 1999)

l(3)j5E2

(O'Connor, 2000.1.4, Therrien et al., 1995, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

Name Synonyms

Kinase suppressor of Ras

(Hermon et al., 1998)

Suppressor of Ras1 3-1

kinase suppressor of RAS

(Ashton-Beaucage and Therrien, 2017, Douziech et al., 2006)

kinase suppressor of Ras

(Malartre, 2016)

kinase suppressor of Ras85D

(Therrien et al., 1995)

kinase suppressor of ras

(Zhang et al., 2011, Kaplow et al., 2007, Dworkin and Gibson, 2006)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0011387

Datasets (1)

Study focus (1)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

bait_protein

RTK-Ras-ERK_interaction_map

interactome

Interaction map generated by purification of receptor tyrosine kinase pathway factors, with identification of copurifying proteins by mass spectrometry.

References (144)

Report Sections

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