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Gene Dmel\pen

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\pen	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	penguin	Annotation symbol	CG1685
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0015527
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	4 publicly available
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	X	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	19F5-19F5	Sequence location	X:21,217,530..21,220,870 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene penguin is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\pen (CG1685, FBgn0015527). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. An electronic pipeline based on InterPro domains suggests that it has the molecular function: RNA binding. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: apposition of dorsal and ventral imaginal disc-derived wing surfaces. 7 alleles are reported. No phenotypic data is available. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: Armadillo-like helical; Armadillo-type fold; CPL; Pumilio RNA-binding repeat. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 00-12 and 18-24 hour embryonic stages, during early larval stages, in adult female stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system, adult fat body, larval salivary gland, larval trachea, adult female reproductive system, adult male accessory gland, larval carcass. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1623956_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of pen. Gene sequence location is X:21217530..21220870.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
Update Feed	Click the icon below to subscribe to this FlyBase record and receive updates automatically through your feed reader.
FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 19F5-19F5   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}CG1702EP1525 and P{EP}EP1465&P{EP}CG1486EP1192
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 19F-19F     (Campbell et al., 1993)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\pen for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.48
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) pen-RA FBtr0077223  NM_078705   2367   737
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein pen-PA   FBpp0076918   81.3   737   9.45     NP_523429   AAF50828
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	737 (aa) (Maleszka et al., 1998)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Pumilio RNA-binding repeat (IPR001313) Armadillo-like helical (IPR011989) Armadillo-type fold (IPR016024) CPL (IPR012959)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA201972   AA263736   AA390294   AA540154   AA695008   AA695009   AA735435   AA802273   AA940931   AA941239   AA941297   AA951971   AA951972   AA951973   AA951974   AA978683   AA979685   AE014298 AAF50828   AF017777 AAC28403   AF132165 AAD34753   AI297990   AI297993   AI406262   AI455125   AI457091   AI514862   AI515658   AI515688   AI532385   AI533998   AI534570   BG635904   BG636775   BI163892   BI171898   BI228517   BI237725   BI243729   BI352876   BI353450   BI353610   BI354926   BI355706   BI563414   BI583478   BI586561   BI633409   BI633869   BI640602   CK604750   CK604751   CK604825   CK604826   CK604844   CK604845   CK661691   CO154971   CO271362   CO274797   CO304460   CO309486   CO344080   EC051393   EC053903   EC064476   EC071579   EC072113   EC206761   EC221152   EC225736   EC258545   EC261967   EL871117   EL871118   EL871466   EL871467
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	O61345
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 1 -- 3   organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:maternally deposited embryonic stage 4 -- 6   organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 7 -- 8   anterior endoderm anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) posterior endoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) trunk mesoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 9 -- 10   anterior endoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) foregut primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) head mesoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) inclusive hindgut primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) posterior endoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) trunk mesoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 11 -- 12   anterior midgut primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) foregut primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) head mesoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) hindgut proper primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) posterior midgut primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) salivary gland body primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) somatic muscle primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) trunk mesoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) visceral muscle primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 13 -- 16   dorsal pharyngeal muscle   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic hindgut   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval fat body   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval midgut   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval muscle system   (Fisher et al., 2012) gonad   (Fisher et al., 2012) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage -- adult stage     (Maleszka et al., 1998)
Additional Descriptive Data
	pen transcripts are detected in embryos, larvae, pupae, and adults on northern blots. (Maleszka et al., 1998)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system, adult fat body, larval salivary gland, larval trachea, adult female reproductive system, adult male accessory gland, larval carcass. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    182.725 Larval Midgut    66.2 Larval Hindgut    94.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    29.7 Larval Fat Body    34.1 Larval Salivary Gland    162.6 Larval Trachea    169.925 Larval Carcass    152.475 Adult Head    73.7 Adult Eye    52.525 Adult Brain    72.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    94 Adult Crop    74.9 Adult Midgut    89.1 Adult Hindgut    71.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    67.3 Adult Fat Body    115.8 Adult Salivary Gland    99.7 Adult Heart    46.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    87 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    124.7 Adult Ovary    259.6 Adult Testis    24.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    132.2 Adult Carcass    83.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    182.725 Larval Midgut    66.2 Larval Hindgut    94.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    29.7 Larval Fat Body    34.1 Larval Salivary Gland    162.6 Larval Trachea    169.925 Larval Carcass    152.475 Adult Head    73.7 Adult Eye    52.525 Adult Brain    72.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    94 Adult Crop    74.9 Adult Midgut    89.1 Adult Hindgut    71.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    67.3 Adult Fat Body    115.8 Adult Salivary Gland    99.7 Adult Heart    46.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    87 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    124.7 Adult Ovary    259.6 Adult Testis    24.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    132.2 Adult Carcass    83.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    182.725 Larval Midgut    66.2 Larval Hindgut    94.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    29.7 Larval Fat Body    34.1 Larval Salivary Gland    162.6 Larval Trachea    169.925 Larval Carcass    152.475 Adult Head    73.7 Adult Eye    52.525 Adult Brain    72.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    94 Adult Crop    74.9 Adult Midgut    89.1 Adult Hindgut    71.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    67.3 Adult Fat Body    115.8 Adult Salivary Gland    99.7 Adult Heart    46.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    87 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    124.7 Adult Ovary    259.6 Adult Testis    24.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    132.2 Adult Carcass    83.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    182.725 Larval Midgut    66.2 Larval Hindgut    94.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    29.7 Larval Fat Body    34.1 Larval Salivary Gland    162.6 Larval Trachea    169.925 Larval Carcass    152.475 Adult Head    73.7 Adult Eye    52.525 Adult Brain    72.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    94 Adult Crop    74.9 Adult Midgut    89.1 Adult Hindgut    71.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    67.3 Adult Fat Body    115.8 Adult Salivary Gland    99.7 Adult Heart    46.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    87 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    124.7 Adult Ovary    259.6 Adult Testis    24.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    132.2 Adult Carcass    83.8 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    182.725 Larval Midgut    66.2 Larval Hindgut    94.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    29.7 Larval Fat Body    34.1 Larval Salivary Gland    162.6 Larval Trachea    169.925 Larval Carcass    152.475 Adult Head    73.7 Adult Eye    52.525 Adult Brain    72.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    94 Adult Crop    74.9 Adult Midgut    89.1 Adult Hindgut    71.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    67.3 Adult Fat Body    115.8 Adult Salivary Gland    99.7 Adult Heart    46.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    87 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    124.7 Adult Ovary    259.6 Adult Testis    24.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    132.2 Adult Carcass    83.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    182.725 Larval Midgut    66.2 Larval Hindgut    94.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    29.7 Larval Fat Body    34.1 Larval Salivary Gland    162.6 Larval Trachea    169.925 Larval Carcass    152.475 Adult Head    73.7 Adult Eye    52.525 Adult Brain    72.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    94 Adult Crop    74.9 Adult Midgut    89.1 Adult Hindgut    71.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    67.3 Adult Fat Body    115.8 Adult Salivary Gland    99.7 Adult Heart    46.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    87 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    124.7 Adult Ovary    259.6 Adult Testis    24.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    132.2 Adult Carcass    83.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    182.725 Larval Midgut    66.2 Larval Hindgut    94.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    29.7 Larval Fat Body    34.1 Larval Salivary Gland    162.6 Larval Trachea    169.925 Larval Carcass    152.475 Adult Head    73.7 Adult Eye    52.525 Adult Brain    72.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    94 Adult Crop    74.9 Adult Midgut    89.1 Adult Hindgut    71.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    67.3 Adult Fat Body    115.8 Adult Salivary Gland    99.7 Adult Heart    46.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    87 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    124.7 Adult Ovary    259.6 Adult Testis    24.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    132.2 Adult Carcass    83.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    182.725 Larval Midgut    66.2 Larval Hindgut    94.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    29.7 Larval Fat Body    34.1 Larval Salivary Gland    162.6 Larval Trachea    169.925 Larval Carcass    152.475 Adult Head    73.7 Adult Eye    52.525 Adult Brain    72.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    94 Adult Crop    74.9 Adult Midgut    89.1 Adult Hindgut    71.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    67.3 Adult Fat Body    115.8 Adult Salivary Gland    99.7 Adult Heart    46.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    87 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    124.7 Adult Ovary    259.6 Adult Testis    24.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    132.2 Adult Carcass    83.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    73.7   NA  Eye    52.525   NA  Brain    72.7   182.725  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    94   NA  Crop    74.9   66.2  Midgut    89.1   94.5  Hindgut    71.4   29.7  Malpighian Tubules    67.3   no informative data  Fat Body    115.8   162.6  Salivary Gland    99.7   NA  Heart    46.4   169.925  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    87   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    124.7   NA  Ovary    259.6   NA  Testis    24.2   NA  Male Accessory Gland    132.2   152.475  Carcass    83.8 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    33 central nervous system, larvae L3    55 central nervous system, pupae P8    21 head, virgin 1-day female    13 head, virgin 4-day female    20 head, virgin 20-day female    13 head, mated 1-day female    19 head, mated 4-day female    31 head, mated 20-day female    13 head, mated 1-day male    13 head, mated 4-day male    22 head, mated 20-day male    18 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    2 salivary gland, white prepupae    5 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    15 digestive system, 1-day adult    13 digestive system, 4-day adult    31 digestive system, 20-day adult    15 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    6 fat body, white prepupae    10 fat body, pupae P8    27 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    41 carcass, 1-day adult    14 carcass, 4-day adult    30 carcass, 20-day adult    16 ovary, virgin 4-day female    69 ovary, mated 4-day female    113 testis, mated 4-day male    25 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    15 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (33) central nervous system, larvae L3  (55) central nervous system, pupae P8    21 head, virgin 1-day female    13 head, virgin 4-day female    20 head, virgin 20-day female    13 head, mated 1-day female    19 head, mated 4-day female  (31) head, mated 20-day female    13 head, mated 1-day male    13 head, mated 4-day male    22 head, mated 20-day male    18 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    2 salivary gland, white prepupae    5 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    15 digestive system, 1-day adult    13 digestive system, 4-day adult  (31) digestive system, 20-day adult    15 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    6 fat body, white prepupae    10 fat body, pupae P8  (27) carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (41) carcass, 1-day adult    14 carcass, 4-day adult  (30) carcass, 20-day adult    16 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (69) ovary, mated 4-day female  (113) testis, mated 4-day male    25 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    15 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    33 central nervous system, larvae L3    55 central nervous system, pupae P8    21 head, virgin 1-day female    13 head, virgin 4-day female    20 head, virgin 20-day female    13 head, mated 1-day female    19 head, mated 4-day female    31 head, mated 20-day female    13 head, mated 1-day male    13 head, mated 4-day male    22 head, mated 20-day male    18 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    2 salivary gland, white prepupae    5 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    15 digestive system, 1-day adult    13 digestive system, 4-day adult    31 digestive system, 20-day adult    15 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    6 fat body, white prepupae    10 fat body, pupae P8    27 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    41 carcass, 1-day adult    14 carcass, 4-day adult    30 carcass, 20-day adult    16 ovary, virgin 4-day female    69 ovary, mated 4-day female  (113) testis, mated 4-day male    25 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    15 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    33 central nervous system, larvae L3    55 central nervous system, pupae P8    21 head, virgin 1-day female    13 head, virgin 4-day female    20 head, virgin 20-day female    13 head, mated 1-day female    19 head, mated 4-day female    31 head, mated 20-day female    13 head, mated 1-day male    13 head, mated 4-day male    22 head, mated 20-day male    18 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    2 salivary gland, white prepupae    5 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    15 digestive system, 1-day adult    13 digestive system, 4-day adult    31 digestive system, 20-day adult    15 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    6 fat body, white prepupae    10 fat body, pupae P8    27 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    41 carcass, 1-day adult    14 carcass, 4-day adult    30 carcass, 20-day adult    16 ovary, virgin 4-day female    69 ovary, mated 4-day female    113 testis, mated 4-day male    25 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    15 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    33 central nervous system, larvae L3    55 central nervous system, pupae P8    21 head, virgin 1-day female    13 head, virgin 4-day female    20 head, virgin 20-day female    13 head, mated 1-day female    19 head, mated 4-day female    31 head, mated 20-day female    13 head, mated 1-day male    13 head, mated 4-day male    22 head, mated 20-day male    18 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    2 salivary gland, white prepupae    5 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    15 digestive system, 1-day adult    13 digestive system, 4-day adult    31 digestive system, 20-day adult    15 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    6 fat body, white prepupae    10 fat body, pupae P8    27 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    41 carcass, 1-day adult    14 carcass, 4-day adult    30 carcass, 20-day adult    16 ovary, virgin 4-day female    69 ovary, mated 4-day female    113 testis, mated 4-day male    25 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    15 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (33) central nervous system, larvae L3  (55) central nervous system, pupae P8    21 head, virgin 1-day female    13 head, virgin 4-day female    20 head, virgin 20-day female    13 head, mated 1-day female    19 head, mated 4-day female  31 head, mated 20-day female    13 head, mated 1-day male    13 head, mated 4-day male    22 head, mated 20-day male    18 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    2 salivary gland, white prepupae    5 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    15 digestive system, 1-day adult    13 digestive system, 4-day adult  31 digestive system, 20-day adult    15 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    6 fat body, white prepupae    10 fat body, pupae P8  27 carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (41) carcass, 1-day adult    14 carcass, 4-day adult  30 carcass, 20-day adult    16 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (69) ovary, mated 4-day female  (113) testis, mated 4-day male    25 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    15 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    33 central nervous system, larvae L3    55 central nervous system, pupae P8    21 head, virgin 1-day female    13 head, virgin 4-day female    20 head, virgin 20-day female    13 head, mated 1-day female    19 head, mated 4-day female    31 head, mated 20-day female    13 head, mated 1-day male    13 head, mated 4-day male    22 head, mated 20-day male    18 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    2 salivary gland, white prepupae    5 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    15 digestive system, 1-day adult    13 digestive system, 4-day adult    31 digestive system, 20-day adult    15 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    6 fat body, white prepupae    10 fat body, pupae P8    27 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    41 carcass, 1-day adult    14 carcass, 4-day adult    30 carcass, 20-day adult    16 ovary, virgin 4-day female    69 ovary, mated 4-day female  113 testis, mated 4-day male    25 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    15 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    33 central nervous system, larvae L3    55 central nervous system, pupae P8    21 head, virgin 1-day female    13 head, virgin 4-day female    20 head, virgin 20-day female    13 head, mated 1-day female    19 head, mated 4-day female    31 head, mated 20-day female    13 head, mated 1-day male    13 head, mated 4-day male    22 head, mated 20-day male    18 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    2 salivary gland, white prepupae    5 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    15 digestive system, 1-day adult    13 digestive system, 4-day adult    31 digestive system, 20-day adult    15 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    6 fat body, white prepupae    10 fat body, pupae P8    27 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    41 carcass, 1-day adult    14 carcass, 4-day adult    30 carcass, 20-day adult    16 ovary, virgin 4-day female    69 ovary, mated 4-day female    113 testis, mated 4-day male    25 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    15 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 00-12 and 18-24 hour embryonic stages, during early larval stages, in adult female stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    73 embryo 02-04hr    116 embryo 04-06hr    104 embryo 06-08hr    114 embryo 08-10hr    106 embryo 10-12hr    107 embryo 12-14hr    52 embryo 14-16hr    51 embryo 16-18hr    36 embryo 18-20hr    27 embryo 20-22hr    60 embryo 22-24hr    49 larva L1    84 larva L2    41 larva L3 12hr old    30 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    14 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    16 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    16 white prepupae new    15 white prepupae 12hr    18 white prepupae 24hr    18 pupae 2d postWPP    14 pupae 3d postWPP    8 pupae 4d postWPP    13 adult male 01day    8 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    9 adult female 01day    58 adult female 05day    61 adult female 30day    67 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (73) embryo 02-04hr  (116) embryo 04-06hr  (104) embryo 06-08hr  (114) embryo 08-10hr  (106) embryo 10-12hr  (107) embryo 12-14hr  (52) embryo 14-16hr  (51) embryo 16-18hr  (36) embryo 18-20hr  (27) embryo 20-22hr  (60) embryo 22-24hr  (49) larva L1  (84) larva L2  (41) larva L3 12hr old  (30) larva L3 puffstage 1-2    14 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    16 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    16 white prepupae new    15 white prepupae 12hr    18 white prepupae 24hr    18 pupae 2d postWPP    14 pupae 3d postWPP    8 pupae 4d postWPP    13 adult male 01day    8 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    9 adult female 01day  (58) adult female 05day  (61) adult female 30day  (67) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    73 embryo 02-04hr  (116) embryo 04-06hr  104 embryo 06-08hr  (114) embryo 08-10hr  106 embryo 10-12hr  107 embryo 12-14hr    52 embryo 14-16hr    51 embryo 16-18hr    36 embryo 18-20hr    27 embryo 20-22hr    60 embryo 22-24hr    49 larva L1    84 larva L2    41 larva L3 12hr old    30 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    14 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    16 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    16 white prepupae new    15 white prepupae 12hr    18 white prepupae 24hr    18 pupae 2d postWPP    14 pupae 3d postWPP    8 pupae 4d postWPP    13 adult male 01day    8 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    9 adult female 01day    58 adult female 05day    61 adult female 30day    67 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    73 embryo 02-04hr    116 embryo 04-06hr    104 embryo 06-08hr    114 embryo 08-10hr    106 embryo 10-12hr    107 embryo 12-14hr    52 embryo 14-16hr    51 embryo 16-18hr    36 embryo 18-20hr    27 embryo 20-22hr    60 embryo 22-24hr    49 larva L1    84 larva L2    41 larva L3 12hr old    30 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    14 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    16 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    16 white prepupae new    15 white prepupae 12hr    18 white prepupae 24hr    18 pupae 2d postWPP    14 pupae 3d postWPP    8 pupae 4d postWPP    13 adult male 01day    8 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    9 adult female 01day    58 adult female 05day    61 adult female 30day    67 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    73 embryo 02-04hr    116 embryo 04-06hr    104 embryo 06-08hr    114 embryo 08-10hr    106 embryo 10-12hr    107 embryo 12-14hr    52 embryo 14-16hr    51 embryo 16-18hr    36 embryo 18-20hr    27 embryo 20-22hr    60 embryo 22-24hr    49 larva L1    84 larva L2    41 larva L3 12hr old    30 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    14 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    16 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    16 white prepupae new    15 white prepupae 12hr    18 white prepupae 24hr    18 pupae 2d postWPP    14 pupae 3d postWPP    8 pupae 4d postWPP    13 adult male 01day    8 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    9 adult female 01day    58 adult female 05day    61 adult female 30day    67 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (73) embryo 02-04hr  (116) embryo 04-06hr  (104) embryo 06-08hr  (114) embryo 08-10hr  (106) embryo 10-12hr  (107) embryo 12-14hr  (52) embryo 14-16hr  (51) embryo 16-18hr  (36) embryo 18-20hr  27 embryo 20-22hr  (60) embryo 22-24hr  (49) larva L1  (84) larva L2  (41) larva L3 12hr old  30 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    14 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    16 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    16 white prepupae new    15 white prepupae 12hr    18 white prepupae 24hr    18 pupae 2d postWPP    14 pupae 3d postWPP    8 pupae 4d postWPP    13 adult male 01day    8 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    9 adult female 01day  (58) adult female 05day  (61) adult female 30day  (67) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    73 embryo 02-04hr  116 embryo 04-06hr  104 embryo 06-08hr  114 embryo 08-10hr  106 embryo 10-12hr  107 embryo 12-14hr    52 embryo 14-16hr    51 embryo 16-18hr    36 embryo 18-20hr    27 embryo 20-22hr    60 embryo 22-24hr    49 larva L1    84 larva L2    41 larva L3 12hr old    30 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    14 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    16 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    16 white prepupae new    15 white prepupae 12hr    18 white prepupae 24hr    18 pupae 2d postWPP    14 pupae 3d postWPP    8 pupae 4d postWPP    13 adult male 01day    8 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    9 adult female 01day    58 adult female 05day    61 adult female 30day    67 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    73 embryo 02-04hr    116 embryo 04-06hr    104 embryo 06-08hr    114 embryo 08-10hr    106 embryo 10-12hr    107 embryo 12-14hr    52 embryo 14-16hr    51 embryo 16-18hr    36 embryo 18-20hr    27 embryo 20-22hr    60 embryo 22-24hr    49 larva L1    84 larva L2    41 larva L3 12hr old    30 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    14 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    16 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    16 white prepupae new    15 white prepupae 12hr    18 white prepupae 24hr    18 pupae 2d postWPP    14 pupae 3d postWPP    8 pupae 4d postWPP    13 adult male 01day    8 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    9 adult female 01day    58 adult female 05day    61 adult female 30day    67 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    206 Schneider line 2 Sg4    154 embryonic 1182-4H    66 embryonic GM2    50 embryonic Kc167    70 embryonic S1    59 embryonic S3    64 leg disc CME L1    183 wing disc CME-W2    63 wing disc ML-DmD8    61 wing disc ML-DmD9    58 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    108 wing disc ML-DmD21    198 wing disc ML-DmD32    110 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    52 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    71 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    58 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    108 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    97 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    63 tumorous blood cells mbn2    62 ovary fGS/OSS    113 ovary OSC    104 ovary OSS    73 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (206) Schneider line 2 Sg4  (154) embryonic 1182-4H  (66) embryonic GM2  (50) embryonic Kc167  (70) embryonic S1  (59) embryonic S3  (64) leg disc CME L1  (183) wing disc CME-W2  (63) wing disc ML-DmD8  (61) wing disc ML-DmD9  (58) wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (108) wing disc ML-DmD21  (198) wing disc ML-DmD32  (110) haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (52) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  (71) antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (58) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (108) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (97) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (63) tumorous blood cells mbn2  (62) ovary fGS/OSS  (113) ovary OSC  (104) ovary OSS  (73) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (206) Schneider line 2 Sg4  (154) embryonic 1182-4H    66 embryonic GM2    50 embryonic Kc167    70 embryonic S1    59 embryonic S3    64 leg disc CME L1  (183) wing disc CME-W2    63 wing disc ML-DmD8    61 wing disc ML-DmD9    58 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (108) wing disc ML-DmD21  (198) wing disc ML-DmD32  (110) haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    52 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    71 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    58 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (108) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    97 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    63 tumorous blood cells mbn2    62 ovary fGS/OSS  (113) ovary OSC  104 ovary OSS    73 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    206 Schneider line 2 Sg4    154 embryonic 1182-4H    66 embryonic GM2    50 embryonic Kc167    70 embryonic S1    59 embryonic S3    64 leg disc CME L1    183 wing disc CME-W2    63 wing disc ML-DmD8    61 wing disc ML-DmD9    58 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    108 wing disc ML-DmD21    198 wing disc ML-DmD32    110 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    52 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    71 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    58 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    108 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    97 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    63 tumorous blood cells mbn2    62 ovary fGS/OSS    113 ovary OSC    104 ovary OSS    73 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    206 Schneider line 2 Sg4    154 embryonic 1182-4H    66 embryonic GM2    50 embryonic Kc167    70 embryonic S1    59 embryonic S3    64 leg disc CME L1    183 wing disc CME-W2    63 wing disc ML-DmD8    61 wing disc ML-DmD9    58 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    108 wing disc ML-DmD21    198 wing disc ML-DmD32    110 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    52 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    71 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    58 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    108 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    97 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    63 tumorous blood cells mbn2    62 ovary fGS/OSS    113 ovary OSC    104 ovary OSS    73 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (206) Schneider line 2 Sg4  (154) embryonic 1182-4H  (66) embryonic GM2  (50) embryonic Kc167  (70) embryonic S1  (59) embryonic S3  (64) leg disc CME L1  (183) wing disc CME-W2  (63) wing disc ML-DmD8  (61) wing disc ML-DmD9  (58) wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (108) wing disc ML-DmD21  (198) wing disc ML-DmD32  (110) haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (52) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  (71) antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (58) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (108) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (97) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (63) tumorous blood cells mbn2  (62) ovary fGS/OSS  (113) ovary OSC  (104) ovary OSS  (73) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (206) Schneider line 2 Sg4  (154) embryonic 1182-4H    66 embryonic GM2    50 embryonic Kc167    70 embryonic S1    59 embryonic S3    64 leg disc CME L1  (183) wing disc CME-W2    63 wing disc ML-DmD8    61 wing disc ML-DmD9    58 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  108 wing disc ML-DmD21  (198) wing disc ML-DmD32  110 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    52 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    71 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    58 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  108 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    97 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    63 tumorous blood cells mbn2    62 ovary fGS/OSS  113 ovary OSC  104 ovary OSS    73 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    206 Schneider line 2 Sg4    154 embryonic 1182-4H    66 embryonic GM2    50 embryonic Kc167    70 embryonic S1    59 embryonic S3    64 leg disc CME L1    183 wing disc CME-W2    63 wing disc ML-DmD8    61 wing disc ML-DmD9    58 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    108 wing disc ML-DmD21    198 wing disc ML-DmD32    110 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    52 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    71 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    58 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    108 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    97 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    63 tumorous blood cells mbn2    62 ovary fGS/OSS    113 ovary OSC    104 ovary OSS    73 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    58 cold shock, 4-day adult    41 heat shock, 4-day adult    40 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    23 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    39 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    59 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    44 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    48 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    30 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    51 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    48 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    21 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    9 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    66 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    52 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    58 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    54 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    21 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    30 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (58) cold shock, 4-day adult  (41) heat shock, 4-day adult  (40) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    23 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (39) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (59) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (44) Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (48) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (30) Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (51) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (48) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    21 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    9 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (66) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (52) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (58) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (54) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    21 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (30) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    58 cold shock, 4-day adult    41 heat shock, 4-day adult    40 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    23 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    39 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    59 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    44 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    48 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    30 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    51 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    48 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    21 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    9 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    66 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    52 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    58 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    54 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    21 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    30 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    58 cold shock, 4-day adult    41 heat shock, 4-day adult    40 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    23 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    39 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    59 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    44 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    48 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    30 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    51 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    48 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    21 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    9 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    66 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    52 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    58 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    54 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    21 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    30 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    58 cold shock, 4-day adult    41 heat shock, 4-day adult    40 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    23 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    39 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    59 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    44 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    48 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    30 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    51 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    48 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    21 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    9 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    66 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    52 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    58 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    54 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    21 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    30 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (58) cold shock, 4-day adult  (41) heat shock, 4-day adult  (40) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    23 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (39) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (59) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (44) Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (48) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  30 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (51) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (48) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    21 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    9 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (66) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (52) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (58) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (54) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    21 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  30 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    58 cold shock, 4-day adult    41 heat shock, 4-day adult    40 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    23 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    39 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    59 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    44 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    48 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    30 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    51 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    48 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    21 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    9 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    66 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    52 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    58 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    54 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    21 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    30 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    58 cold shock, 4-day adult    41 heat shock, 4-day adult    40 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    23 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    39 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    59 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    44 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    48 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    30 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    51 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    48 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    21 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    9 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    66 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    52 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    58 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    54 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    21 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    30 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_08 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_03
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • LD21304 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0015527 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG1685-RA FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for pen Stages(s) 1-3 Stages(s) 4-6 Stages(s) 9-10 Stages(s) 11-12 Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Phenotype manifest in Allele
Classical Alleles ( 1 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of pen Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion penf02944 1 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 6 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of pen Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion penGL00364 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes penHMS01748 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes penKK100397 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes penGD9219 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes penT2 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes pentMa in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(1)16-129 (Maleszka et al., 1996) Df(1)17-257 (Maleszka et al., 1996) Df(1)GA104 (Maleszka et al., 1996)
Not disrupted in	Df(1)2/19B (Maleszka et al., 1996)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD9219} NA P{KK100397} NA P{TRiP.GL00364} NA P{TRiP.HMS01748} NA characterization construct P{penT2} NA P{SOL3} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions PBac{WH}penf02944 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 2 unique terms )
	There is no information supporting a cellular component term for this gene. (Based on a review of available data before: 2006)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 term )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
apposition of dorsal and ventral imaginal disc-derived wing surfaces inferred from mutant phenotype (Prout et al., 1997)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 1 term )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
RNA binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001313, InterPro:IPR012959 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process ( 0 terms)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
pen - CG3061 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions pen allele Gene References
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 59390 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0015527 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 33112
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (40) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6P2QMV Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG62RDGJ Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6NGFH4 Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG65DV4W Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG6VTJQR
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6P2QMV)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\pen     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD15499 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM22626 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG17542 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE15301 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF22393 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA14176 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL14987 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK25048 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ15324 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI14891 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH24934 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG62RDGJ)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL009912   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP004322   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ015135
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6NGFH4)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\GB52560   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG020999   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH16096   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP12626   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO15428   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL13868   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH24630   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB23598   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV26491   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI007552   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA005637   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA005638   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC006751
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG65DV4W)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\JGI_V11_43721   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW021139
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG6VTJQR)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\puf-12   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_009737gn   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_004446gn   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\si:ch211-241o7.5   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\kiaa0020   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\KIAA0020   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\ENSMUSG00000041360   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\ENSRNOG00000027912   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\ENSRNOG00000012574   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\KIAA0020
Human Orthologs (1)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\KIAA0020
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD15499 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM22626 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG17542 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE15301 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF22393 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA14176 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL14987 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK25048 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ15324 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI14891 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH24934
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 4 )
Bloomington	35439 y1 sc* v1; P{TRiP.GL00364}attP2 38290 y1 sc* v1; P{TRiP.HMS01748}attP40
Harvard	- PBac{WH}penf02944
VDRC	v106974 P{KK100397}VIE-260B
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR09F10 BACR23I18 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 67 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	LD21304
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	GH22153 GM01932 GM01933 GM04122 GM21141 GM23678 GM24388 GM28916 GM32049 LD03015 LD05041 LD06836 LD19543 LD23111 LD23271 LD25269 LD25361 LD28407 LD28541 LD31429 LD32490 LD32659 LD37175 LD41288 LD43692 LD47562 LP07578 LP09816 RE03417 RE13791 RE26078 RE34009 RE41449 RH22103 RH26624 RH34046 SD03884 SD06414 SD07469 SD13423 SD14558 SD23531 SD27482 SD28045 UT01465 UT01481
Other clones	13673 28559 83447 108026 214243.72 524295 CK01.51A.C7 CK01.168B.F12 EC051393 EC053903 EK103156 EK115521 EK217762 EK244732 EN05125 EP18634 IP03263 IP03563 LP21345 UT01425
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0015527 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 33112
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: pen CG1685 (Li, 1999.11)
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Other Comments
	Defined as a transcription unit during the molecular analysis of the nearby fliI gene. In direction of increasing cytology: tty? fliI+ dod+ pen- (Campbell et al., 1993)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_078705 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_523429 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA735435 AAC28403 AAD34753 AAF50828 AF017777 AF132165 AI455125 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 33112 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • O61345
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Pumilio RNA-binding repeat (IPR001313) Armadillo-like helical (IPR011989) Armadillo-type fold (IPR016024) CPL (IPR012959) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • LD21304
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 59390 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0015527 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0015527 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0015527 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG1685-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0015527 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 33112 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 33112 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0015527
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 3 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG1685 (Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Ni et al., 2010.12.1) pen (Venken et al., 2009, Beltran et al., 2007, Hoskins et al., 2011)
Name Synonym	penguin (Campbell et al., 1993, Meiklejohn et al., 2011)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 32 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 32 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 10 ) Supplementary material  ( 4 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 6 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 3 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 2 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 3 ) Website  ( 1 ) Conference report  ( 1 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 2 )
	Hoskins et al., 2011, Genome Res. 21(2): 182--192 Genome-wide analysis of promoter architecture in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0213090] Meiklejohn et al., 2011, PLoS Biol. 9(8): e1001126 Sex Chromosome-Specific Regulation in the Drosophila Male Germline But Little Evidence for Chromosomal Dosage Compensation or Meiotic Inactivation. [FBrf0214756] Show all research papers ...