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Gene Dmel\Dref

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Dref	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	DNA replication-related element factor	Annotation symbol	CG5838
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0015664
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	8 publicly available
Also Known As	dDREF
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2L	Recombination map	2-
Cytogenetic map	30F2-30F3	Sequence location	2L:9,964,147..9,967,455 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene DNA replication-related element factor is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\Dref (CG5838, FBgn0015664). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding; sequence-specific core promoter binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity involved in preinitiation complex assembly. There is experimental evidence for 13 unique biological process terms, many of which group under: biological regulation; sensory organ development; system development; multicellular organismal development; cell cycle; cell cycle process; cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process; cellular component organization or biogenesis; gene expression; regulation of RNA metabolic process. 21 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system subdivision; adult segment; external compound sense organ; organ system; integumentary plate; thoracic segment; eo support cell; peripheral nervous system; nucleus; organelle. It has 2 annotated transcripts and 2 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: Ribonuclease H-like; Zinc finger, BED-type predicted. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 00-12 hour embryonic stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval/adult central nervous system, larval hindgut, larval salivary gland, larval trachea, adult ovary, larval carcass. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1625793_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of Dref. Gene sequence location is 2L:9964147..9967455.
External Summaries
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2011_10	Controlled Vocabulary Terms transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent References Nakamura et al., 2008, Nucleic Acids Res. 36(12): 3905--3915
FB2012_01	Transcripts Dref-RB Controlled Vocabulary Terms wandering third instar larval stage eye disc posterior to the morphogenetic furrow sequence-specific core promoter binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity involved in preinitiation complex assembly transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter eye disc anterior to the morphogenetic furrow Polypeptides Dref-PB Sequence features BKN24401 HFA03319
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 30F2-30F3   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}CG5899EP701 and P{EP}CG4747EP594&P{lacW}l(2)k13305k13305
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 30F-30F     (Hirose, 1998.1.31)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	2- (Hirose, 1998.1.31)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Dref for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	5' terminus determined by primer extension (FBrf0086456) Gene model reviewed during 5.43
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) Dref-RA FBtr0079889  NM_078805   3098   709 Dref-RB FBtr0310483     2724   709
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	2.9 (northern blot) (Hirose et al., 1996)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein Dref-PA   FBpp0079485   80.7   709   5.71     NP_523529   AAF52841 Dref-PB   FBpp0302627   80.7   709   5.71
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	709 (aa) (Takahashi et al., 1999) 701 (aa); 80 (kD predicted) (Hirose et al., 1996)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Zinc finger, BED-type predicted (IPR003656) Ribonuclease H-like (IPR012337)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA202842   AA246221   AA246532   AA263878   AA391782   AA391974   AA392089   AA392110   AA392539   AA438748   AA439132   AA440439   AA440809   AA536311   AA539020   AA541076   AA696430   AA735414   AA817096   AA820499   AA820652   AA941317   AA948797   AA950311   AA951855   AA952268   AE014134 AAF52841   AB010823 BAA24827   AB019510 BAA34362   AI106847   AI108929   AI109693   AI294805   AI296687   AI389180   AI455487   AI455930   AI512009   AI512134   AI513181   AI515822   AI515965   AI519417   AI519444   AI520215   AI531697   AQ026009   BI162291   BI162292   BI162834   BI166091   BI168484   BI170080   BI171204   BI172122   BI172733   BI212921   BI214669   BI215352   BI230615   BI236970   BI241751   BI241768   BI242070   BI242812   BI361778   BI364035   BI368060   BI487250   BI578113   BI580275   BI632259   BI637234   BI638825   BI641056   BP544366   BP544367   BT004872 AAO45228   BT099709   BZ665675   CO267243   CO272246   CO274926   CO283464   CO290331   CO294051   CO294453   CO299040   CO320106   CO337057   DN154465   EC071827   EC078613   EC080120   EC230800   EC233624   EC239140   EC240624   EC243339   EC245385   EC247334   EC266066   EV583363   EV596712
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	O96083 Q86NK7 Q94883
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage -- adult stage     (Hirose et al., 1996)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Dref transcripts are detected at the highest levels in 4-8hr embryos, in moderately high levels in unfertilized eggs, 2-4hr embryos, and adult females and at low levels in larvae, pupae, and adult males on northern blots. (Hirose et al., 1996)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 3 -- 13   organism | ubiquitous   • nucleus (Hart et al., 1999) embryonic stage 5 -- 13   cell   • nucleus (Hart et al., 1999) wandering third instar larval stage   eye disc anterior to the morphogenetic furrow   (Hirose et al., 2001) Comment:cells entering G1 phase eye disc posterior to the morphogenetic furrow   (Hirose et al., 2001) Comment:cells in S-phase zone of second mitotic wave   cultured cell-line   • nucleus (Hart et al., 1999) Comment:D1 cells
Additional Descriptive Data
	Up until nuclear cycle 7, weak staining is observed in the nuclei and surrounding cytoplasm of embryos. After cycle 8, strong and uniform nuclear staining is observed. (Hirose et al., 1996)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term	nucleus (Hirose et al., 1996)
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0015664    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0015664 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 00-12 hour embryonic stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0015664 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    4928 embryo 02-04hr    7422 embryo 04-06hr    7116 embryo 06-08hr    9556 embryo 08-10hr    7029 embryo 10-12hr    3593 embryo 12-14hr    3273 embryo 14-16hr    2842 embryo 16-18hr    2386 embryo 18-20hr    1454 embryo 20-22hr    2480 embryo 22-24hr    2262 larva L1    1244 larva L2    1289 larva L3 12hr old    863 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1058 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1526 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1888 white prepupae new    1852 white prepupae 12hr    1542 white prepupae 24hr    1665 pupae 2d postWPP    930 pupae 3d postWPP    656 pupae 4d postWPP    607 adult male 01day    603 adult male 05day    582 adult male 30day    626 adult female 01day    1654 adult female 05day    2218 adult female 30day    2238 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (4928) embryo 02-04hr  (7422) embryo 04-06hr  (7116) embryo 06-08hr  (9556) embryo 08-10hr  (7029) embryo 10-12hr  (3593) embryo 12-14hr  (3273) embryo 14-16hr  (2842) embryo 16-18hr  (2386) embryo 18-20hr  (1454) embryo 20-22hr  (2480) embryo 22-24hr  (2262) larva L1  (1244) larva L2  (1289) larva L3 12hr old  (863) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (1058) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (1526) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (1888) white prepupae new  (1852) white prepupae 12hr  (1542) white prepupae 24hr  (1665) pupae 2d postWPP  (930) pupae 3d postWPP  (656) pupae 4d postWPP  (607) adult male 01day  (603) adult male 05day  (582) adult male 30day  (626) adult female 01day  (1654) adult female 05day  (2218) adult female 30day  (2238) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (4928) embryo 02-04hr  (7422) embryo 04-06hr  (7116) embryo 06-08hr  (9556) embryo 08-10hr  (7029) embryo 10-12hr  (3593) embryo 12-14hr  (3273) embryo 14-16hr  (2842) embryo 16-18hr  (2386) embryo 18-20hr  1454 embryo 20-22hr  (2480) embryo 22-24hr  (2262) larva L1    1244 larva L2    1289 larva L3 12hr old    863 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1058 larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (1526) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (1888) white prepupae new  (1852) white prepupae 12hr  (1542) white prepupae 24hr  (1665) pupae 2d postWPP    930 pupae 3d postWPP    656 pupae 4d postWPP    607 adult male 01day    603 adult male 05day    582 adult male 30day    626 adult female 01day  (1654) adult female 05day  (2218) adult female 30day  (2238) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    4928 embryo 02-04hr    7422 embryo 04-06hr    7116 embryo 06-08hr    9556 embryo 08-10hr    7029 embryo 10-12hr    3593 embryo 12-14hr    3273 embryo 14-16hr    2842 embryo 16-18hr    2386 embryo 18-20hr    1454 embryo 20-22hr    2480 embryo 22-24hr    2262 larva L1    1244 larva L2    1289 larva L3 12hr old    863 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1058 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1526 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1888 white prepupae new    1852 white prepupae 12hr    1542 white prepupae 24hr    1665 pupae 2d postWPP    930 pupae 3d postWPP    656 pupae 4d postWPP    607 adult male 01day    603 adult male 05day    582 adult male 30day    626 adult female 01day    1654 adult female 05day    2218 adult female 30day    2238 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    4928 embryo 02-04hr    7422 embryo 04-06hr    7116 embryo 06-08hr    9556 embryo 08-10hr    7029 embryo 10-12hr    3593 embryo 12-14hr    3273 embryo 14-16hr    2842 embryo 16-18hr    2386 embryo 18-20hr    1454 embryo 20-22hr    2480 embryo 22-24hr    2262 larva L1    1244 larva L2    1289 larva L3 12hr old    863 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1058 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1526 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1888 white prepupae new    1852 white prepupae 12hr    1542 white prepupae 24hr    1665 pupae 2d postWPP    930 pupae 3d postWPP    656 pupae 4d postWPP    607 adult male 01day    603 adult male 05day    582 adult male 30day    626 adult female 01day    1654 adult female 05day    2218 adult female 30day    2238 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0015664 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    4928 embryo 02-04hr    7422 embryo 04-06hr    7116 embryo 06-08hr    9556 embryo 08-10hr    7029 embryo 10-12hr    3593 embryo 12-14hr    3273 embryo 14-16hr    2842 embryo 16-18hr    2386 embryo 18-20hr    1454 embryo 20-22hr    2480 embryo 22-24hr    2262 larva L1    1244 larva L2    1289 larva L3 12hr old    863 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1058 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1526 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1888 white prepupae new    1852 white prepupae 12hr    1542 white prepupae 24hr    1665 pupae 2d postWPP    930 pupae 3d postWPP    656 pupae 4d postWPP    607 adult male 01day    603 adult male 05day    582 adult male 30day    626 adult female 01day    1654 adult female 05day    2218 adult female 30day    2238 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (4928) embryo 02-04hr  (7422) embryo 04-06hr  (7116) embryo 06-08hr  (9556) embryo 08-10hr  (7029) embryo 10-12hr  (3593) embryo 12-14hr  (3273) embryo 14-16hr  (2842) embryo 16-18hr  (2386) embryo 18-20hr  (1454) embryo 20-22hr  (2480) embryo 22-24hr  (2262) larva L1  (1244) larva L2  (1289) larva L3 12hr old  (863) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (1058) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (1526) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (1888) white prepupae new  (1852) white prepupae 12hr  (1542) white prepupae 24hr  (1665) pupae 2d postWPP  (930) pupae 3d postWPP  (656) pupae 4d postWPP  (607) adult male 01day  (603) adult male 05day  (582) adult male 30day  (626) adult female 01day  (1654) adult female 05day  (2218) adult female 30day  (2238) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (4928) embryo 02-04hr  (7422) embryo 04-06hr  (7116) embryo 06-08hr  (9556) embryo 08-10hr  (7029) embryo 10-12hr  (3593) embryo 12-14hr  (3273) embryo 14-16hr  (2842) embryo 16-18hr  2386 embryo 18-20hr  1454 embryo 20-22hr  (2480) embryo 22-24hr  2262 larva L1    1244 larva L2    1289 larva L3 12hr old    863 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1058 larva L3 puffstage 3-6  1526 larva L3 puffstage 7-9  1888 white prepupae new  1852 white prepupae 12hr  1542 white prepupae 24hr  1665 pupae 2d postWPP    930 pupae 3d postWPP    656 pupae 4d postWPP    607 adult male 01day    603 adult male 05day    582 adult male 30day    626 adult female 01day  1654 adult female 05day  2218 adult female 30day  2238 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    4928 embryo 02-04hr    7422 embryo 04-06hr    7116 embryo 06-08hr    9556 embryo 08-10hr    7029 embryo 10-12hr    3593 embryo 12-14hr    3273 embryo 14-16hr    2842 embryo 16-18hr    2386 embryo 18-20hr    1454 embryo 20-22hr    2480 embryo 22-24hr    2262 larva L1    1244 larva L2    1289 larva L3 12hr old    863 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1058 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1526 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1888 white prepupae new    1852 white prepupae 12hr    1542 white prepupae 24hr    1665 pupae 2d postWPP    930 pupae 3d postWPP    656 pupae 4d postWPP    607 adult male 01day    603 adult male 05day    582 adult male 30day    626 adult female 01day    1654 adult female 05day    2218 adult female 30day    2238 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    4928 embryo 02-04hr    7422 embryo 04-06hr    7116 embryo 06-08hr    9556 embryo 08-10hr    7029 embryo 10-12hr    3593 embryo 12-14hr    3273 embryo 14-16hr    2842 embryo 16-18hr    2386 embryo 18-20hr    1454 embryo 20-22hr    2480 embryo 22-24hr    2262 larva L1    1244 larva L2    1289 larva L3 12hr old    863 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1058 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1526 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1888 white prepupae new    1852 white prepupae 12hr    1542 white prepupae 24hr    1665 pupae 2d postWPP    930 pupae 3d postWPP    656 pupae 4d postWPP    607 adult male 01day    603 adult male 05day    582 adult male 30day    626 adult female 01day    1654 adult female 05day    2218 adult female 30day    2238 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data for FBgn0015664    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales max expr for FBgn0015664 Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval/adult central nervous system, larval hindgut, larval salivary gland, larval trachea, adult ovary, larval carcass. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (1000 - 25000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0015664 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    459.45 Larval Midgut    79 Larval Hindgut    125.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    90.4 Larval Fat Body    84 Larval Salivary Gland    235.1 Larval Trachea    175 Larval Carcass    148.225 Adult Head    86.3 Adult Eye    47.25 Adult Brain    183.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    150 Adult Crop    99.9 Adult Midgut    95.3 Adult Hindgut    91.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    89.5 Adult Fat Body    52.1 Adult Salivary Gland    82.5 Adult Heart    50.025 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    47.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    63.7 Adult Ovary    496.9 Adult Testis    29.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    99 Adult Carcass    54 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    459.45 Larval Midgut    79 Larval Hindgut    125.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    90.4 Larval Fat Body    84 Larval Salivary Gland    235.1 Larval Trachea    175 Larval Carcass    148.225 Adult Head    86.3 Adult Eye    47.25 Adult Brain    183.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    150 Adult Crop    99.9 Adult Midgut    95.3 Adult Hindgut    91.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    89.5 Adult Fat Body    52.1 Adult Salivary Gland    82.5 Adult Heart    50.025 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    47.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    63.7 Adult Ovary    496.9 Adult Testis    29.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    99 Adult Carcass    54 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    459.45 Larval Midgut    79 Larval Hindgut    125.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    90.4 Larval Fat Body    84 Larval Salivary Gland    235.1 Larval Trachea    175 Larval Carcass    148.225 Adult Head    86.3 Adult Eye    47.25 Adult Brain    183.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    150 Adult Crop    99.9 Adult Midgut    95.3 Adult Hindgut    91.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    89.5 Adult Fat Body    52.1 Adult Salivary Gland    82.5 Adult Heart    50.025 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    47.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    63.7 Adult Ovary    496.9 Adult Testis    29.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    99 Adult Carcass    54 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    459.45 Larval Midgut    79 Larval Hindgut    125.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    90.4 Larval Fat Body    84 Larval Salivary Gland    235.1 Larval Trachea    175 Larval Carcass    148.225 Adult Head    86.3 Adult Eye    47.25 Adult Brain    183.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    150 Adult Crop    99.9 Adult Midgut    95.3 Adult Hindgut    91.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    89.5 Adult Fat Body    52.1 Adult Salivary Gland    82.5 Adult Heart    50.025 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    47.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    63.7 Adult Ovary    496.9 Adult Testis    29.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    99 Adult Carcass    54 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0015664 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    459.45 Larval Midgut    79 Larval Hindgut    125.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    90.4 Larval Fat Body    84 Larval Salivary Gland    235.1 Larval Trachea    175 Larval Carcass    148.225 Adult Head    86.3 Adult Eye    47.25 Adult Brain    183.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    150 Adult Crop    99.9 Adult Midgut    95.3 Adult Hindgut    91.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    89.5 Adult Fat Body    52.1 Adult Salivary Gland    82.5 Adult Heart    50.025 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    47.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    63.7 Adult Ovary    496.9 Adult Testis    29.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    99 Adult Carcass    54 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    459.45 Larval Midgut    79 Larval Hindgut    125.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    90.4 Larval Fat Body    84 Larval Salivary Gland    235.1 Larval Trachea    175 Larval Carcass    148.225 Adult Head    86.3 Adult Eye    47.25 Adult Brain    183.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    150 Adult Crop    99.9 Adult Midgut    95.3 Adult Hindgut    91.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    89.5 Adult Fat Body    52.1 Adult Salivary Gland    82.5 Adult Heart    50.025 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    47.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    63.7 Adult Ovary    496.9 Adult Testis    29.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    99 Adult Carcass    54 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    459.45 Larval Midgut    79 Larval Hindgut    125.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    90.4 Larval Fat Body    84 Larval Salivary Gland    235.1 Larval Trachea    175 Larval Carcass    148.225 Adult Head    86.3 Adult Eye    47.25 Adult Brain    183.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    150 Adult Crop    99.9 Adult Midgut    95.3 Adult Hindgut    91.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    89.5 Adult Fat Body    52.1 Adult Salivary Gland    82.5 Adult Heart    50.025 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    47.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    63.7 Adult Ovary    496.9 Adult Testis    29.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    99 Adult Carcass    54 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    459.45 Larval Midgut    79 Larval Hindgut    125.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    90.4 Larval Fat Body    84 Larval Salivary Gland    235.1 Larval Trachea    175 Larval Carcass    148.225 Adult Head    86.3 Adult Eye    47.25 Adult Brain    183.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    150 Adult Crop    99.9 Adult Midgut    95.3 Adult Hindgut    91.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    89.5 Adult Fat Body    52.1 Adult Salivary Gland    82.5 Adult Heart    50.025 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    47.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    63.7 Adult Ovary    496.9 Adult Testis    29.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    99 Adult Carcass    54 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    86.3   NA  Eye    47.25   NA  Brain    183.5   459.45  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    150   NA  Crop    99.9   79  Midgut    95.3   125.3  Hindgut    91.3   90.4  Malpighian Tubules    89.5   84  Fat Body    52.1   235.1  Salivary Gland    82.5   NA  Heart    50.025   175  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    47.5   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    63.7   NA  Ovary    496.9   NA  Testis    29.2   NA  Male Accessory Gland    99   148.225  Carcass    54 modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_17
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0015664 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG5838-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal, with Scer\GAL41407 DrefGD11784 lethal, with Scer\GAL43735 DrefdsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS DrefScer\UAS.cSa lethal, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544 DrefdsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS lethal, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 DrefdsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS lethal, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E DrefdsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS DrefdsRNA.t-t.Scer\UAS lethal, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB DrefCR1.Scer\UAS lethal | larval stage, with Scer\GAL432B DrefdsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS lethal | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PHb DrefdsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS lethal | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Cg.PA DrefdsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS DrefScer\UAS.cSa lethal | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4T80 DrefdsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL432B DrefScer\UAS.cSa lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL41407 DrefScer\UAS.cSa lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI DrefdsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 DrefScer\UAS.cSa lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 DrefGD11784 lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4T80 DrefdsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS viable DrefCB02226 viable, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PS DrefCR1.Scer\UAS DrefCR3.Scer\UAS DrefScer\UAS.cSa Sterility Allele fertile, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PS DrefCR1.Scer\UAS DrefCR3.Scer\UAS DrefScer\UAS.cSa Other Phenotypes Allele endomitotic cell cycle defective, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68 DrefdsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544 DrefScer\UAS.cSa increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E DrefScer\UAS.cSa increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PS DrefScer\UAS.cSa melanotic mass phenotype, with Scer\GAL41407 DrefScer\UAS.cSa melanotic mass phenotype, with Scer\GAL4Cg.PA DrefScer\UAS.cSa melanotic mass phenotype, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB DrefCR1.Scer\UAS melanotic mass phenotype | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Cg.PA DrefdsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS mitotic cell cycle defective, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PS DrefScer\UAS.cSa neuroanatomy defective | larval stage, with Scer\GAL41407 DrefGD11784 visible, with Scer\GAL41854 DrefScer\UAS.cSa visible, with Scer\GAL4Act88F.PD DrefScer\UAS.cSa visible, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544 DrefScer\UAS.cSa visible, with Scer\GAL4Dll-md23 DrefScer\UAS.cSa visible, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 DrefScer\UAS.cSa visible, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E DrefdsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS DrefdsRNA.t-t.Scer\UAS DrefScer\UAS.cSa visible, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PS DrefCR1.Scer\UAS DrefCR3.Scer\UAS DrefdsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS DrefdsRNA.t-t.Scer\UAS DrefScer\UAS.cSa visible, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1 DrefScer\UAS.cSa Phenotype manifest in Allele anterior dorsocentral bristle, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68 DrefdsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS anterior scutellar bristle, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68 DrefdsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS embryonic/larval neuroblast | larval stage, with Scer\GAL41407 DrefGD11784 embryonic/larval salivary gland | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4l(1)BP-1 DrefCR1.Scer\UAS external sensory organ precursor cell, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68 DrefdsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS eye DrefScer\UAS.cSa DrefGMR.PH eye, with Scer\GAL41854 DrefScer\UAS.cSa eye, with Scer\GAL4Act88F.PD DrefScer\UAS.cSa eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF DrefScer\UAS.cSa eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PS DrefCR1.Scer\UAS DrefCR3.Scer\UAS DrefScer\UAS.cSa DrefdsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS DrefdsRNA.t-t.Scer\UAS eye, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1 DrefScer\UAS.cSa eye disc, with Scer\GAL4l(1)BP-1 DrefCR1.Scer\UAS ganglion mother cell | larval stage, with Scer\GAL41407 DrefGD11784 interommatidial bristle, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PS DrefCR1.Scer\UAS DrefCR3.Scer\UAS macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68 DrefdsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS melanotic mass, with Scer\GAL41407 DrefScer\UAS.cSa melanotic mass, with Scer\GAL4Cg.PA DrefScer\UAS.cSa DrefdsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS melanotic mass, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB DrefCR1.Scer\UAS microchaeta, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544 DrefdsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS nucleolus, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68 DrefdsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS nucleus, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68 DrefdsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS ommatidium, with Scer\GAL41854 DrefScer\UAS.cSa ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4Act88F.PD DrefScer\UAS.cSa ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PS DrefCR1.Scer\UAS DrefCR3.Scer\UAS DrefScer\UAS.cSa ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1 DrefScer\UAS.cSa photoreceptor cell DrefGMR.PH photoreceptor cell, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PS DrefScer\UAS.cSa photoreceptor cell R1, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PS DrefScer\UAS.cSa photoreceptor cell R6, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PS DrefScer\UAS.cSa photoreceptor cell R7, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PS DrefScer\UAS.cSa pigment cell DrefGMR.PH pigment cell, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PS DrefScer\UAS.cSa posterior dorsocentral bristle, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68 DrefdsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS posterior notopleural bristle, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68 DrefdsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS posterior scutellar bristle, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68 DrefdsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS presutural bristle, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68 DrefdsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS tormogen cell, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68 DrefdsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68 DrefdsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS wing, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544 DrefScer\UAS.cSa wing, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E DrefdsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS DrefdsRNA.t-t.Scer\UAS wing | posterior compartment, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E DrefScer\UAS.cSa wing disc | dorsal, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544 DrefScer\UAS.cSa wing disc | posterior compartment, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E DrefScer\UAS.cSa wing margin, with Scer\GAL4Dll-md23 DrefScer\UAS.cSa wing margin bristle | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI DrefdsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS wing vein L5, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E DrefdsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS wing vein L5 | distal, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E DrefScer\UAS.cSa
Classical Alleles ( 4 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of Dref Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion DrefKG09294 P-element activity 2 -- DrefNP4719 2 -- DrefCB02226 P-element activity 0 Yes DrefEP460 P-element activity 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 17 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of Dref Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion DrefGD11784 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes DrefGLV21057 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes DrefJF02232 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes DrefAct5C.PL in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes DrefCR1.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes DrefCR2.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes DrefCR3.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes DrefdsRNA.1-212 in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes DrefdsRNA.1-723 in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes DrefdsRNA.h-h.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes DrefdsRNA.Scer\UAS.cHa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 -- DrefdsRNA.Scer\UAS.cUa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes DrefdsRNA.t-t.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes Dreffl.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes DrefGMR.PH in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes DrefMtnA.PH in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes DrefScer\UAS.cSa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD11784} NA P{TRiP.GLV21057} NA P{TRiP.JF02232} NA P{UAS-Dref.CR1} NA P{UAS-Dref.CR2} NA P{UAS-Dref.CR3} NA P{UAS-Dref.IR.h-h} NA P{UAS-Dref.IR.t-t} NA P{UAS-Dref.S} NA P{UAS-Dref-dsRNA.U} NA P{UAS-Dref-RNAi.H} NA characterization construct P{Dref-luc.-1080} NA P{Dref-luc.-1130.+220} NA P{Dref-luc.-1130.mut6} NA P{Dref-luc.-1130.mut7} NA P{Dref-luc.-1130} NA P{Dref-luc.DREIIImut} NA P{GMR-Dref.H} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of mobile activating element P{EP}DrefEP460 NA P{GSV1}EP-108EP-108 NA insertion of enhancer trap P{lacW}l(2)SH2147SH2147 No insertion of enhancer trap binary system P{GawB}DrefNP4719 No miscellaneous insertions P{PTT-GB}DrefCB02226 NA P{SUPor-P}DrefKG09294 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 22 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 17 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
contributes_to sequence-specific core promoter binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity involved in preinitiation complex assembly inferred from physical interaction with Trf2 (Hochheimer et al., 2002) transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding inferred from direct assay (Nakamura et al., 2008)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
chaeta development inferred from mutant phenotype (Kawamori and Yamaguchi, 2011) compound eye development inferred from mutant phenotype (Hirose et al., 2001) compound eye morphogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Hirose et al., 2001) DNA endoreduplication inferred from mutant phenotype (Kawamori and Yamaguchi, 2011) mitotic spindle organization inferred from mutant phenotype (Goshima et al., 2007) neurogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Neumüller et al., 2011) positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent inferred from mutant phenotype (Nakamura et al., 2008) regulation of apoptosis inferred from direct assay (Hirose et al., 2001) regulation of cell proliferation involved in compound eye morphogenesis inferred from direct assay (Jasper et al., 2002) regulation of DNA biosynthetic process inferred from direct assay (Hirose et al., 2001) regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter inferred from mutant phenotype (Hochheimer et al., 2002) sensory organ precursor cell division inferred from mutant phenotype (Kawamori and Yamaguchi, 2011) transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter inferred from direct assay (Hochheimer et al., 2002)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
nucleus inferred from direct assay (Hochheimer et al., 2002) transcription factor complex inferred from physical interaction with Trf2 (Hochheimer et al., 2002)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 5 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity traceable author statement (Garesse and Vallejo, 2001)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
DNA replication traceable author statement (Garesse and Vallejo, 2001) mitochondrial DNA replication traceable author statement (Garesse and Vallejo, 2001) regulation of cell cycle non-traceable author statement (Garesse and Vallejo, 2001) regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent traceable author statement (Garesse and Vallejo, 2001)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions Dref allele Gene References DrefScer\UAS.cSa BacA\p35 (Yoshida et al., 2001) BEAF-32 (Yoshida et al., 2001) Mlf (Ohno et al., 2000) unspecified phl (Yoshida et al., 2004)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 60422 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0015664 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 34328
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\Dref Dere\GG23986 Dgri\GH10661 Dmoj\Dref Dper\GL19191 Dpse\Dref Dsec\GM12069 Dsim\GD22316 Dvir\Dref Dwil\GK14535 Dyak\Dref
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dpse\Dref   Dvir\Dref
Linkouts	InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • XP_001950233.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) 170589 Hypsipyla robusta (cedar shoot borer) ENSORLP00000004293 Oryzias latipes (japanese killifish) PHUM007700-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • PB11510 NV25451 LH11830 FBgn0227964 FBgn0216541 FBgn0025845 FBgn0193723 FBgn0167010 FBgn0079166 FBgn0156790 FBgn0133715 FBgn0118142 FBgn0116125 FBgn0091170 ACYPI003037 GB14147 PHUM222180
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 8 )
Bloomington	31941 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF02232}attP2 15178 y1; P{SUPor-P}DrefKG09294/CyO; ry506 35692 y1 sc* v1; P{TRiP.GLV21057}attP2/TM3, Sb1
Kyoto	104757 w*; P{GawB}DrefNP4719 / CyO 113503 w*; P{GawB}DrefNP4719 / CyO 114408 yd2 w1118 P{ey-FLP.N}2 P{GMR-lacZ.C(38.1)}TPN1; P{SUPor-P}DrefKG09294 P{neoFRT}40A/CyO y+
VDRC	v22209 w1118; P{GD11784}v22209/TM3 v22210 w1118; P{GD11784}v22210/TM3
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR06G16 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 95 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	LD24482
Other clones	FI03642
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	GH06085 GH07412 GH08947 GH20289 GM07662 LD03169 LD05480 LD06010 LD07163 LD11439 LD11506 LD12445 LD12469 LD12475 LD13092 LD13610 LD15284 LD15691 LD16851 LD18720 LD20865 LD21268 LD22173 LD24252 LD25387 LD27438 LD28828 LD29380 LD32589 LD35666 LD39016 LD39047 LD40301 LD41496 LD41683 LD43614 LD43869 LD45382 LP08266 LP10679 RE02077 RE06118 RE09234 RE11430 RE12918 RE14087 RE14330 RE15403 RE18190 RE20656 RE21732 RE33102 RE38909 RE38921 RE39286 RE40246 RE46137 RE49067 RE53970 RE70766 RE71921 RE74439 SD02933 SD19185 SD21216 SD24149 SD25981
Other clones	8408 37250 43944 76641 177203 177419 562117 CK01.13C.A12 CK01.13D.A10 CK01.94C.F9 CK01.142D.E10 Dmel_dig_018879_0664_3545 Dmel_neb_007514_0931_2078 EK073721 EK106355 EK115951 EK149222 EK163336 EK174364 EK205603 EK206957 EK282241 EK282527 EN13736 FGC025E03 RE01654
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0015664 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 34328
Antibody Information
	monoclonal, polyclonal (Hirose et al., 1996) polyclonal (Trong-Tue et al., 2010, Hart et al., 1999)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Other Comments
	Dref regulations transcription of p53. (Trong-Tue et al., 2010) RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene results in chromosome misalignment on the metaphase spindle when assayed in S2 cells. This phenotype can be observed when the screen is performed with or without Cdc27 dsRNA. (Goshima et al., 2007) Dref overexpression stimulates Cat gene transcription. (Park et al., 2004) Dref and BEAF-32 may compete for binding to overlapping sites in vivo. (Hart et al., 1999) Dref is required for normal DNA replication in both the mitotic cell cycle and endo cycle. (Hirose et al., 1999) A Dref cDNA has been cloned and sequenced. Deletion analysis indicates that part of the N-terminal basic amino acid region is responsible for the specific binding of Dref to the DNA replication-related element (DRE). (Hirose et al., 1996) Analysis of DNApol-α73-Ecol\CAT deletion constructs shows that full promoter activity is located within the region from -285 to +129bp of DNApol-α73. Three DREs (DNA-replication related elements) are located within this region, and DNA footprinting analysis shows that Dref can bind to all three sites. Mutation of any one of the DRE sites causes extensive reductions in promoter activity and Dref binding to the promoter fragment. (Takahashi et al., 1996) Expression pattern and subcellular distribution of the protein during development is studied using antibodies. (Yamaguchi et al., 1995) DNApol-α180 and mus209 are negatively regulated by zen protein. This repression is mediated by the DRE (DNA replication-related element) sites in the DNApol-α180 and mus209 promoters. The amount of Dref is reduced in transfected Kc cells expressing zen, suggesting that zen represses expression of DNA replication-related genes by reducing the amount of Dref. (Hirose et al., 1994) Specific binding factor that binds to the 8bp palindrome required for high expression of DNApol-α and mus209. The 86kD gene product has been purified. (Hirose et al., 1993)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_078805 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_523529 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA820652 AAF52841 AAF52841.1 AAO45228 AB010823 AB019510 AI455487 AQ026009 BAA24827 BAA34362 BT004872 BZ665675 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 34328 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • O96083 Q86NK7 Q94883
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Zinc finger, BED-type predicted (IPR003656) Ribonuclease H-like (IPR012337)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 60422 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0015664 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0015664 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0015664 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG5838-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0015664 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 34328 InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • XP_001950233.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) 170589 Hypsipyla robusta (cedar shoot borer) ENSORLP00000004293 Oryzias latipes (japanese killifish) PHUM007700-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /sturtevant/dref1.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 34328 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0015664 OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • PB11510 NV25451 LH11830 FBgn0227964 FBgn0216541 FBgn0025845 FBgn0193723 FBgn0167010 FBgn0079166 FBgn0156790 FBgn0133715 FBgn0118142 FBgn0116125 FBgn0091170 ACYPI003037 GB14147 PHUM222180 REDfly - A database of transcriptional regulatory elements. • FBgn0015664
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 16 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG5838 (Brody et al., 2002, Goshima et al., 2007, Molnar et al., 2006, Perkins et al., 2009, Ni et al., 2011.7.19) dDREF (Yamaguchi et al., 2003, Hirose et al., 2002) DmDREF (Kwon et al., 2003) Dmel_DREF (Ma et al., 2009) DREF (Fernández-Moreno et al., 2009, Geyer and Clark, 2002, Aravind, 2000, Davidson, 2003, Hochheimer and Tjian, 2003, Orian et al., 2003, Takata et al., 2002, Jasper et al., 2002, Hochheimer et al., 2002, Yoshida et al., 2003, Sharkov et al., 2002, Gerasimova and Corces, 2001, Yoshida et al., 2001, Takata et al., 2001, Ohno et al., 2000, Choi et al., 2000, Ruiz de Mena et al., 2000, Hart et al., 2000, Hart et al., 1999, Takahashi, 1998.11.4, Hirose, 1998.1.31, Hirose et al., 1999, Sawado et al., 1998, Hayashi et al., 1997, Yamaguchi et al., 1995, Hirose et al., 1996, Matsukage et al., 1995, Hirose et al., 1994, Plessis et al., 2007, Seto et al., 2006, Park et al., 2004, Choi et al., 2004, Kim et al., 2007, Jin et al., 2004, Martin-Lanneree et al., 2006, Hirose et al., 2001, Kugler and Nagel, 2007, Levine and Tjian, 2003, Isogai et al., 2007, Emberly et al., 2008, Choi et al., 2004, Ida et al., 2009, Suyari et al., 2009, Villanyi et al., 2008, Trong-Tue et al., 2010, Avet-Rochex et al., 2010, Park et al., 2010, Masson et al., 2003, Kwon et al., 2004, Park et al., 2008, Roy et al., 2011, Tsuchiya et al., 2007, Kawamori and Yamaguchi, 2011, Nakamura et al., 2008) Dref (Sultana et al., 2011, De Lucia et al., 2005, Aerts et al., 2007, Buszczak et al., 2007, Goshima et al., 2007, Hirose et al., 2001, Molnar et al., 2006, Brodsky et al., 2004, Hyun et al., 2005, Harbison et al., 2009, Greene et al., 2005, Bai et al., 2009, Avet-Rochex et al., 2010) dref (Yoshida et al., 2004, Kazemi-Esfarjani and Benzer, 2002) p80 (Hochheimer et al., 2002) p80/DREF (Hochheimer et al., 2002)
Name Synonym	DNA (Kwon et al., 2004) DNA replication-related element-binding factor (Trong-Tue et al., 2010, Ida et al., 2009, Kawamori and Yamaguchi, 2011) DNA-replication-related element factor (Pedersen et al., 2008) DNA replication-related element factor (Plessis et al., 2007, Martin-Lanneree et al., 2006, Hyun et al., 2005, Bai et al., 2009) DRE (DNA replication-related element) binding factor (Choi et al., 2004) DRE-binding factor (Park et al., 2004, Choi et al., 2004, Hirose et al., 2001, Jin et al., 2004, Tsuchiya et al., 2007) replication-related element-binding factor (Kwon et al., 2004)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0010077
References ( 97 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 97 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 66 ) Supplementary material  ( 7 ) Review  ( 7 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 3 ) Abstract  ( 7 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 2 ) Computer file  ( 2 )
Recent research papers ( 6 )
	Kawamori and Yamaguchi, 2011, Cell Struct. Funct. 36(1): 103--119 DREF is Critical for Drosophila Bristle Development by Regulating Endoreplication in Shaft Cells. [FBrf0213809] Roy et al., 2011, Mol. Genet. Genomics 285(2): 113--123 Lack of the Drosophila BEAF insulator proteins alters regulation of genes in the Antennapedia complex. [FBrf0212912] Sultana et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(9): 3543--3557 A BEAF dependent chromatin domain boundary separates myoglianin and eyeless genes of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0213641] Avet-Rochex et al., 2010, BMC Dev. Biol. 10: 65 An in vivo RNA interference screen identifies gene networks controlling Drosophila melanogaster blood cell homeostasis. [FBrf0211137] Park et al., 2010, Biochim. biophys. Acta 1799(7): 510--519 Regulation of the Drosophila p38b gene by transcription factor DREF in the adult midgut. [FBrf0211129] Trong-Tue et al., 2010, Oncogene 29(14): 2060--2069 Role of DREF in transcriptional regulation of the Drosophila p53 gene. [FBrf0210535] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2010 Show reviews ...