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Gene Dmel\apt

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\apt	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	apontic	Annotation symbol	CG5393
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0015903
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	30 publicly available
Also Known As	tdf
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2R	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	59F1-59F4	Sequence location	2R:19,452,377..19,487,049 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene apontic is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\apt (CG5393, FBgn0015903). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity; protein binding; sequence-specific DNA binding. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: central nervous system development; neuromuscular synaptic transmission; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; open tracheal system development. 65 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system; organ system subdivision; cephalopharyngeal skeleton; adult segment; non-connected developing system; synapse; multicellular structure; pharyngeal sclerite; portion of tissue; peripheral nervous system. It has 5 annotated transcripts and 5 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: Myb/SANT-like domain; SANT domain, DNA binding. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed at stages throughout embryogenesis. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Little or no expression detected in any larval or adult organs/tissues. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1625844_s_at completely aligns to an exonic region common to each of the 5 FlyBase-annotated transcript isoforms of apt. Gene sequence location is 2R:19452377..19487049.
External Summaries
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2011_10
FB2012_01	Sequence features HFA04671 BKN32298 References Kazemian et al., 2010, PLoS Biol. 8(8):
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 59F1-59F4   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}Dcp-102132 and P{EP}aptEP2339&P{PZ}apt06369
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 59F1-59F2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Takasu-Ishikawa et al., 2001) 59F1-59F2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2000) 59F-59F     (Lie, 1997.9.25) 59F-59F     (Gellon, 1997.6.20) 59F-59F     (Bodmer, 1998.3.9) 59F1-59F2   (determined by in situ hybridisation) 59F3--4 (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Spradling et al., 1999) 59F1-59F2   59F3--59F4   (Beaton, 1997.12.27) 59F-59F   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997) 59F-59F   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997) 59F1-59F2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Perrimon et al., 1996) 59F-59F     (Eulenberg and Schuh, 1996) 59F1-59F2   (determined by in situ hybridisation) 59F3--4 (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999) 59F1-59F2   Df(2R)bw5 breaks near apt. (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Gellon, 1996.4.28) 59E1-59E1   Recombination and deficiency mapping (details unspecified) confirm cytological location. (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Yoshihara et al., 1997)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	2- (Gellon et al., 1996, Eulenberg and Schuh, 1996) 2-104.8 (Takasu-Ishikawa et al., 2001)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\apt for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) apt-RA FBtr0072070  NM_057832   2822   483 apt-RB FBtr0072066  NM_057831   2645   489 apt-RC FBtr0072069  NM_166609   2783   483 apt-RD FBtr0072067  NM_166610   2799   483 apt-RE FBtr0072068  NM_166611   2812   469
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	2.9 (northern blot) (Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997) 2.8 (northern blot) (Gellon et al., 1997)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein apt-PA   FBpp0071979   54.5   483   6.52     NP_477180   AAM68256 apt-PB   FBpp0071975   55.1   489   6.52     NP_477179   AAF47031 apt-PC   FBpp0071978   54.5   483   6.52     NP_726342   AAM68255 apt-PD   FBpp0071976   54.5   483   6.52     NP_726343   AAM68257 apt-PE   FBpp0071977   52.9   469   6.62     NP_726344   AAM68258
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	490 (aa) (Lie and Macdonald, 1999) 484 (aa) (Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997, Gellon et al., 1997)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • SANT domain, DNA binding (IPR001005) Myb/SANT-like domain (IPR024752)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA264306   AA264731   AA438763   AA803520   AA816502   AA940682   AA941710   AA949148   AA950888   AA951785   AE013599 AAF47031   AE013599 AAM68255   AE013599 AAM68256   AE013599 AAM68257   AE013599 AAM68258   AC005639   AF009676 AAB69289   AF027123 AAB82746   AF053079 AAC06253   AI296849   AI297353   AI405256   AI517993   AI543904   AJ001615 CAA04869   AQ025604   AQ025669   AQ026037   AQ073289   AQ073296   AQ073506   AQ073533   AW943792   AY061493 AAL29041   BE974994   BF495876   BF497699   BF506379   BI162377   BI162378   BI164700   BI166522   BI167416   BI167886   BI169783   BI172952   BI212723   BI213184   BI213758   BI215602   BI228813   BI229362   BI230202   BI237101   BI237280   BI238226   BI238475   BI239851   BI240550   BI242924   BI242957   BI243560   BI357024   BI362390   BI364513   BI366474   BI367575   BI367995   BI368257   BI369890   BI372879   BI374453   BI374466   BI484525   BI487103   BI577157   BI577213   BI577285   BI579796   BT099792   BT100040   CK130599   CK657852   CO189880   CO190696   CO272213   CO286794   CO296353   CO298892   CO312920   CO316453   CO318955   CO321481   CO332816   CO343419   CZ470619   CZ470620   CZ472418   CZ472697   CZ480681   CZ480682   CZ483314   CZ484582   CZ484583   CZ485293   EC060323   EC074430   EC077972   EC080919   EC087156   EC213865   EC216350   EC227361   EC241295   EC253729   EV598647   GH943284   GH944047   GH944562   GH945761   GH945947   GH946037   GH947231   GH947794   GH948110   GH948185   GH948759   GH951282   GH951287   GH951375   GH953190   GH953255   GH953626   GH954567   GH954581   GH955982   GH957107   GH958628   GH959014   GH959405   GH959770   GH960594   GH961072   GH961439   GH962762   GH962976   GH963291   GH963505   GH963720   GH964107   GH964270   GH967461   GH967950   GH968230   GH969137   GH969187   GH970658   GH970757   GH971006   GH971667   GH972367   GH972435   GH972683   GH973854   GH975078   GH975714   GH976167   GH976335   GH977508   GH979846   GH983014
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	O16114 O17430 O44203 O61602 Q8MLR4 Q9W1M6
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 8 -- 9   mesoderm   (Su et al., 1999) inclusive hindgut primordium   (Su et al., 1999) embryonic stage 9 -- 10   embryonic ocular segment | dorsal   (Gellon et al., 1997) embryonic stage 11   tracheal pit   (Su et al., 1999) ventral midline   (Su et al., 1999) embryonic stage 11 -- 16   embryonic head   (Su et al., 1999) embryonic stage 11 -- 17   tracheal primordium   (Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997) embryonic stage 12   embryonic cardioblast   (Su et al., 1999) embryonic pericardial cell   (Su et al., 1999) embryonic stage 13 -- 16   heart primordium   (Su et al., 1999) ventral nerve cord   (Su et al., 1999) adult stage & oogenesis   nurse cell   (Lie and Macdonald, 1999) follicle cell   (Lie and Macdonald, 1999)   (Lie and Macdonald, 1999) oocyte   (Lie and Macdonald, 1999) oogenesis   germarium   (Lie and Macdonald, 1999) oogenesis stage S1 -- S6   follicle cell   (Lie and Macdonald, 1999) oogenesis stage S6   oocyte   (Lie and Macdonald, 1999) nurse cell   (Lie and Macdonald, 1999) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   ventral nervous system   (Gellon et al., 1997)   (Gellon et al., 1997) embryonic stage 1 -- 17     (Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997) Comment:reference states 0-18 hr AEL embryonic stage 4     (Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997) organism | ubiquitous   (Gellon et al., 1997) embryonic stage 5     (Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997, Gellon et al., 1997) embryonic stage 9 -- 10   embryonic maxillary segment | restricted   (Gellon et al., 1997) labial segment | restricted   (Gellon et al., 1997) embryonic gnathal segment | ventral   (Gellon et al., 1997) embryonic mandibular segment | restricted   (Gellon et al., 1997) labral segment   (Gellon et al., 1997) embryonic stage 9 -- 11   tracheal pit | segmentally repeated   (Gellon et al., 1997) embryonic stage 9 -- 17   organism | segmentally repeated   (Gellon et al., 1997) amnioserosa | segmentally repeated & vicinity of   (Gellon et al., 1997) ventral midline | segmentally repeated   (Gellon et al., 1997) embryonic stage 11   dorsal ridge   (Gellon et al., 1997) embryonic stage 11 -- 17   embryonic head   (Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997) embryonic/larval tracheal system   (Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997) cardioblast   (Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997) presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system   (Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997) embryonic stage 12   dorsal vessel primordium   (Gellon et al., 1997) embryonic stage 14 -- 17   embryonic/larval dorsal vessel   (Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997) embryonic/larval tracheal system   (Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997) unfertilized egg stage   unfertilized egg   (Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997)
Additional Descriptive Data
	During oogenesis, apt transcript is detected both in somatic follicle cells, and the nurse cells and oocyte. Expression is detected early, at low levels in the germarium region 2a and at higher levels in the follicle cells. Somatic expression decreases while germline expression increases. At stage S6, expression is found in both the oocyte and in nurse cells, and continues to be detected throughout oogenesis. (Lie and Macdonald, 1999) A single 2.9 kb apt transcript is detected in Northern blots of 0-18 hr embryos. Maternal transcripts are uniformly distributed in the unfertilized egg and in the syncytial blastoderm. In the cellular blastoderm, transcript is distributed in 3 distinct regions. At stage 11, expression is detected in developing tracheal placodes, the head region, and dorsal vessel cells. Transcripts are maintained in tracheal cells after they migrate inwards, and during tracheal branch outgrowth. During stages 14-17, expression is mainly detected in the CNS, the developing head, the tracheal system, and dorsal vessel cells. (Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997) apt transcripts are ubiquitous in syncytial blastoderm stage embryos, but become restricted to the poles in cellular blastoderm stage embryos. The posterior expression disappears during germ band extension, and a segmentally repeated expression pattern appears in the trunk. This expression is found along the ventral midline, in dorsal cells abutting the amnioserosa, and in the tracheal placodes. In the head regions of stage 9-10 embryos, expression is detected in the dorsal part of the acron, the clypeo-labrum, the ventral gnathal region, and in the anterio-lateral regions of the mandibular, maxillary, and labial lobes. During stage 11, expression increases in the dorsal ridge, but disappears from the tracheal pits. At stage 12, the presumptive dorsal vessel cells in a single row on either side of the amnioserosa accumulate apt transcript; expression is also found in the ventral CNS. Expression in late embryogenesis is found in the head epidermis and CNS. (Gellon et al., 1997)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage | early     (Lie and Macdonald, 1999) embryonic stage 4 -- 17   organism   (Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997) embryonic stage 5   organism   • nucleus & cytoplasm (Lie and Macdonald, 1999) embryonic stage 11   tracheal primordium   (Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997) embryonic stage 11 -- 17   embryonic head   (Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997) embryonic stage 14 -- 17   presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system   (Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997) embryonic/larval dorsal vessel   (Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997) embryonic/larval tracheal system   (Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997) adult stage & oogenesis     (Lie and Macdonald, 1999) oocyte   (Lie and Macdonald, 1999) nurse cell   (Lie and Macdonald, 1999) follicle cell   (Lie and Macdonald, 1999) oogenesis   follicle cell   • nucleus (Lie and Macdonald, 1999) border follicle cell   • nucleus (Lie and Macdonald, 1999) oocyte   • nucleus & cytoplasm | faint (Lie and Macdonald, 1999)
Additional Descriptive Data
	apt protein is detected in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of germline cells. In the nurse cell, apt protein localizes more strongly to the cytoplasm, while it is more concentrated in the nucleus of the oocyte. In follicle cells, however, localization is nuclear. In early embryos, even after the nuclei have migrated to the surface of the embryo, apt protein is evenly distributed between nucleus and cytoplasm. (Lie and Macdonald, 1999) apt protein is evenly distributed in they cytoplasm of syncytial blastoderm stage embryos. Subsequently, expression is detected in the nucleus, and remains nuclear throughout the rest of embryogenesis. Expression is detected in all nuclei in the cellular blastoderm, and maintained until gastrulation. During stage 11, expression is detected in tracheal placodes and the head anlagen, while other expression disappears. At later stages, protein expression matches that of transcript expression. (Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term	nucleus (Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997) nucleus cytoplasm (Lie and Macdonald, 1999)
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0015903    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0015903 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed at stages throughout embryogenesis. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0015903 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    6359 embryo 02-04hr    6343 embryo 04-06hr    9269 embryo 06-08hr    9282 embryo 08-10hr    7495 embryo 10-12hr    5152 embryo 12-14hr    5850 embryo 14-16hr    3749 embryo 16-18hr    2851 embryo 18-20hr    2421 embryo 20-22hr    4165 embryo 22-24hr    3757 larva L1    1547 larva L2    740 larva L3 12hr old    619 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    572 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    773 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    736 white prepupae new    571 white prepupae 12hr    625 white prepupae 24hr    668 pupae 2d postWPP    764 pupae 3d postWPP    668 pupae 4d postWPP    537 adult male 01day    672 adult male 05day    832 adult male 30day    759 adult female 01day    2117 adult female 05day    3333 adult female 30day    3539 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (6359) embryo 02-04hr  (6343) embryo 04-06hr  (9269) embryo 06-08hr  (9282) embryo 08-10hr  (7495) embryo 10-12hr  (5152) embryo 12-14hr  (5850) embryo 14-16hr  (3749) embryo 16-18hr  (2851) embryo 18-20hr  (2421) embryo 20-22hr  (4165) embryo 22-24hr  (3757) larva L1  (1547) larva L2  (740) larva L3 12hr old  (619) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (572) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (773) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (736) white prepupae new  (571) white prepupae 12hr  (625) white prepupae 24hr  (668) pupae 2d postWPP  (764) pupae 3d postWPP  (668) pupae 4d postWPP  (537) adult male 01day  (672) adult male 05day  (832) adult male 30day  (759) adult female 01day  (2117) adult female 05day  (3333) adult female 30day  (3539) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (6359) embryo 02-04hr  (6343) embryo 04-06hr  (9269) embryo 06-08hr  (9282) embryo 08-10hr  (7495) embryo 10-12hr  (5152) embryo 12-14hr  (5850) embryo 14-16hr  (3749) embryo 16-18hr  (2851) embryo 18-20hr  (2421) embryo 20-22hr  (4165) embryo 22-24hr  (3757) larva L1  (1547) larva L2    740 larva L3 12hr old    619 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    572 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    773 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    736 white prepupae new    571 white prepupae 12hr    625 white prepupae 24hr    668 pupae 2d postWPP    764 pupae 3d postWPP    668 pupae 4d postWPP    537 adult male 01day    672 adult male 05day    832 adult male 30day    759 adult female 01day  (2117) adult female 05day  (3333) adult female 30day  (3539) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    6359 embryo 02-04hr    6343 embryo 04-06hr    9269 embryo 06-08hr    9282 embryo 08-10hr    7495 embryo 10-12hr    5152 embryo 12-14hr    5850 embryo 14-16hr    3749 embryo 16-18hr    2851 embryo 18-20hr    2421 embryo 20-22hr    4165 embryo 22-24hr    3757 larva L1    1547 larva L2    740 larva L3 12hr old    619 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    572 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    773 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    736 white prepupae new    571 white prepupae 12hr    625 white prepupae 24hr    668 pupae 2d postWPP    764 pupae 3d postWPP    668 pupae 4d postWPP    537 adult male 01day    672 adult male 05day    832 adult male 30day    759 adult female 01day    2117 adult female 05day    3333 adult female 30day    3539 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    6359 embryo 02-04hr    6343 embryo 04-06hr    9269 embryo 06-08hr    9282 embryo 08-10hr    7495 embryo 10-12hr    5152 embryo 12-14hr    5850 embryo 14-16hr    3749 embryo 16-18hr    2851 embryo 18-20hr    2421 embryo 20-22hr    4165 embryo 22-24hr    3757 larva L1    1547 larva L2    740 larva L3 12hr old    619 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    572 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    773 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    736 white prepupae new    571 white prepupae 12hr    625 white prepupae 24hr    668 pupae 2d postWPP    764 pupae 3d postWPP    668 pupae 4d postWPP    537 adult male 01day    672 adult male 05day    832 adult male 30day    759 adult female 01day    2117 adult female 05day    3333 adult female 30day    3539 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0015903 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    6359 embryo 02-04hr    6343 embryo 04-06hr    9269 embryo 06-08hr    9282 embryo 08-10hr    7495 embryo 10-12hr    5152 embryo 12-14hr    5850 embryo 14-16hr    3749 embryo 16-18hr    2851 embryo 18-20hr    2421 embryo 20-22hr    4165 embryo 22-24hr    3757 larva L1    1547 larva L2    740 larva L3 12hr old    619 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    572 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    773 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    736 white prepupae new    571 white prepupae 12hr    625 white prepupae 24hr    668 pupae 2d postWPP    764 pupae 3d postWPP    668 pupae 4d postWPP    537 adult male 01day    672 adult male 05day    832 adult male 30day    759 adult female 01day    2117 adult female 05day    3333 adult female 30day    3539 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (6359) embryo 02-04hr  (6343) embryo 04-06hr  (9269) embryo 06-08hr  (9282) embryo 08-10hr  (7495) embryo 10-12hr  (5152) embryo 12-14hr  (5850) embryo 14-16hr  (3749) embryo 16-18hr  (2851) embryo 18-20hr  (2421) embryo 20-22hr  (4165) embryo 22-24hr  (3757) larva L1  (1547) larva L2  (740) larva L3 12hr old  (619) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (572) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (773) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (736) white prepupae new  (571) white prepupae 12hr  (625) white prepupae 24hr  (668) pupae 2d postWPP  (764) pupae 3d postWPP  (668) pupae 4d postWPP  (537) adult male 01day  (672) adult male 05day  (832) adult male 30day  (759) adult female 01day  (2117) adult female 05day  (3333) adult female 30day  (3539) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (6359) embryo 02-04hr  (6343) embryo 04-06hr  (9269) embryo 06-08hr  (9282) embryo 08-10hr  (7495) embryo 10-12hr  (5152) embryo 12-14hr  (5850) embryo 14-16hr  (3749) embryo 16-18hr  (2851) embryo 18-20hr  2421 embryo 20-22hr  (4165) embryo 22-24hr  (3757) larva L1  1547 larva L2    740 larva L3 12hr old    619 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    572 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    773 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    736 white prepupae new    571 white prepupae 12hr    625 white prepupae 24hr    668 pupae 2d postWPP    764 pupae 3d postWPP    668 pupae 4d postWPP    537 adult male 01day    672 adult male 05day    832 adult male 30day    759 adult female 01day  2117 adult female 05day  (3333) adult female 30day  (3539) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    6359 embryo 02-04hr    6343 embryo 04-06hr    9269 embryo 06-08hr    9282 embryo 08-10hr    7495 embryo 10-12hr    5152 embryo 12-14hr    5850 embryo 14-16hr    3749 embryo 16-18hr    2851 embryo 18-20hr    2421 embryo 20-22hr    4165 embryo 22-24hr    3757 larva L1    1547 larva L2    740 larva L3 12hr old    619 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    572 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    773 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    736 white prepupae new    571 white prepupae 12hr    625 white prepupae 24hr    668 pupae 2d postWPP    764 pupae 3d postWPP    668 pupae 4d postWPP    537 adult male 01day    672 adult male 05day    832 adult male 30day    759 adult female 01day    2117 adult female 05day    3333 adult female 30day    3539 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    6359 embryo 02-04hr    6343 embryo 04-06hr    9269 embryo 06-08hr    9282 embryo 08-10hr    7495 embryo 10-12hr    5152 embryo 12-14hr    5850 embryo 14-16hr    3749 embryo 16-18hr    2851 embryo 18-20hr    2421 embryo 20-22hr    4165 embryo 22-24hr    3757 larva L1    1547 larva L2    740 larva L3 12hr old    619 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    572 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    773 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    736 white prepupae new    571 white prepupae 12hr    625 white prepupae 24hr    668 pupae 2d postWPP    764 pupae 3d postWPP    668 pupae 4d postWPP    537 adult male 01day    672 adult male 05day    832 adult male 30day    759 adult female 01day    2117 adult female 05day    3333 adult female 30day    3539 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data for FBgn0015903    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales max expr for FBgn0015903 Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Little or no expression detected in any larval or adult organs/tissues. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (1000 - 25000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0015903 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    38.95 Larval Midgut    32.1 Larval Hindgut    29.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    28.9 Larval Fat Body no informative data Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    90.6 Larval Carcass no informative data Adult Head no informative data Adult Eye no informative data Adult Brain no informative data Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion no informative data Adult Crop no informative data Adult Midgut    40.7 Adult Hindgut no informative data Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body no informative data Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart no informative data Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    25.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    30.1 Adult Ovary    48.8 Adult Testis    80.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    38.95 Larval Midgut    32.1 Larval Hindgut    29.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    28.9 Larval Fat Body no informative data Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    90.6 Larval Carcass no informative data Adult Head no informative data Adult Eye no informative data Adult Brain no informative data Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion no informative data Adult Crop no informative data Adult Midgut    40.7 Adult Hindgut no informative data Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body no informative data Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart no informative data Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    25.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    30.1 Adult Ovary    48.8 Adult Testis    80.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    38.95 Larval Midgut    32.1 Larval Hindgut    29.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    28.9 Larval Fat Body no informative data Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    90.6 Larval Carcass no informative data Adult Head no informative data Adult Eye no informative data Adult Brain no informative data Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion no informative data Adult Crop no informative data Adult Midgut    40.7 Adult Hindgut no informative data Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body no informative data Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart no informative data Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    25.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    30.1 Adult Ovary    48.8 Adult Testis    80.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    38.95 Larval Midgut    32.1 Larval Hindgut    29.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    28.9 Larval Fat Body no informative data Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    90.6 Larval Carcass no informative data Adult Head no informative data Adult Eye no informative data Adult Brain no informative data Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion no informative data Adult Crop no informative data Adult Midgut    40.7 Adult Hindgut no informative data Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body no informative data Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart no informative data Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    25.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    30.1 Adult Ovary    48.8 Adult Testis    80.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0015903 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    38.95 Larval Midgut    32.1 Larval Hindgut    29.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    28.9 Larval Fat Body no informative data Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    90.6 Larval Carcass no informative data Adult Head no informative data Adult Eye no informative data Adult Brain no informative data Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion no informative data Adult Crop no informative data Adult Midgut    40.7 Adult Hindgut no informative data Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body no informative data Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart no informative data Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    25.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    30.1 Adult Ovary    48.8 Adult Testis    80.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    38.95 Larval Midgut    32.1 Larval Hindgut    29.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    28.9 Larval Fat Body no informative data Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    90.6 Larval Carcass no informative data Adult Head no informative data Adult Eye no informative data Adult Brain no informative data Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion no informative data Adult Crop no informative data Adult Midgut    40.7 Adult Hindgut no informative data Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body no informative data Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart no informative data Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    25.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    30.1 Adult Ovary    48.8 Adult Testis    80.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    38.95 Larval Midgut    32.1 Larval Hindgut    29.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    28.9 Larval Fat Body no informative data Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    90.6 Larval Carcass no informative data Adult Head no informative data Adult Eye no informative data Adult Brain no informative data Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion no informative data Adult Crop no informative data Adult Midgut    40.7 Adult Hindgut no informative data Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body no informative data Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart no informative data Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    25.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    30.1 Adult Ovary    48.8 Adult Testis    80.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    38.95 Larval Midgut    32.1 Larval Hindgut    29.3 Larval Malpighian Tubules    28.9 Larval Fat Body no informative data Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea    90.6 Larval Carcass no informative data Adult Head no informative data Adult Eye no informative data Adult Brain no informative data Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion no informative data Adult Crop no informative data Adult Midgut    40.7 Adult Hindgut no informative data Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body no informative data Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart no informative data Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    25.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    30.1 Adult Ovary    48.8 Adult Testis    80.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass no informative data Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body no informative data Larval Salivary Gland no informative data Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass no informative data Adult Head no informative data Adult Eye no informative data Adult Brain no informative data Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion no informative data Adult Crop no informative data Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut no informative data Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body no informative data Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart no informative data Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass no informative data FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    no informative data   NA  Eye    no informative data   NA  Brain    no informative data   38.95  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    no informative data   NA  Crop    no informative data   32.1  Midgut    40.7   29.3  Hindgut    no informative data   28.9  Malpighian Tubules    no informative data   no informative data  Fat Body    no informative data   no informative data  Salivary Gland    no informative data   NA  Heart    no informative data   90.6  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    25.5   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    30.1   NA  Ovary    48.8   NA  Testis    80.7   NA  Male Accessory Gland    no informative data   no informative data  Carcass    no informative data modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_08
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0015903 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG5393-RB FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for apt Stages(s) 1-3 Stages(s) 4-6 Stages(s) 7-8 Stages(s) 9-10 Stages(s) 11-12 Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal aptFS1 aptFS2 aptMT387 aptMT399 lethal | embryonic stage | fully | rescuable maternal effect apt09049 lethal | embryonic stage | recessive aptMT287 lethal | larval stage | recessive apt09049 lethal | recessive apt41 apt167 apt534 apt03041 apt06369 apt07010 aptk11531 aptk15608 apttdf-PΔ3 apttdf-PΔ4 apttdf-PΔ5 semi-lethal apt06369 aptMY7919 semi-lethal | embryonic stage | recessive aptMY7919 semi-lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 aptGD1367 semi-lethal | recessive aptMY7919 viable aptCC01186 aptCC01392 aptMT11 apttdf-C5-2-5 Sterility Allele fertile apttdf-C5-2-5 Other Phenotypes Allele neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 aptEP2339 neuroanatomy defective | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 aptEP2339 neurophysiology defective | embryonic stage aptMT287 aptMY7919 neurophysiology defective | larval stage aptMY7919 neurophysiology defective | recessive aptMY7919 tumorigenic apt09049 visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 aptGD1367 visible, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 aptEP2373 wild-type aptMT11 Phenotype manifest in Allele anterior fascicle & synapse, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 aptEP2339 anterior fascicle & synapse | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 aptEP2339 central nervous system | germline clone apttdf-PΔ3 dorsal bridge apt167 apt41 dorsal closure embryo aptMT287 apttdf-PΔ3 dorsal closure embryo | germline clone apttdf-PΔ3 dorsal pouch apt167 apt41 dorsocentral bristle, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 aptEP2373 egg chamber | germline clone apt41 apttdf-PΔ3 embryonic/first instar larval cuticle apt09049 embryonic/larval heart apt06369 apt167 apt41 apt534 embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction aptMY7919 embryonic/larval trachea apt07010 aptk15608 apttdf-PΔ3 apttdf-PΔ4 embryonic/larval trachea | germline clone apttdf-PΔ3 embryonic head apt09049 apt167 apt41 aptMT287 embryonic head | germline clone apt167 apttdf-PΔ3 heart primordium aptdsRNA.cKa aptdsRNA.si.cKa hypostomal sclerite apt167 apt41 intersegmental nerve, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 aptEP2339 lateral process apt167 apt41 macrochaeta | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 aptEP2373 mesothoracic tergum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 aptGD1367 neuromuscular junction aptMT287 aptMY7919 oocyte | germline clone apt41 apttdf-PΔ3 presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system apttdf-PΔ3 presumptive embryonic/larval tracheal system apttdf-PΔ3 scutellar bristle, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 aptEP2373 synapse aptMY7919 synapse, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 aptEP2339 trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 aptEP2373 ventral nerve cord aptMT287 aptMY7919 wing | posterior compartment, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E aptUY562
Classical Alleles ( 56 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of apt Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion aptk15608 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence P-element activity 2 Yes apt03041 P-element activity 1 -- apt5-HA-1497 1 -- apt5-HA-1926 1 -- apt5-SZ-3960 1 -- aptc06348 piggyBac transposase 1 -- aptCB-0442-3 1 -- aptCB-0771-3 1 -- aptCB-5369-3 1 -- aptd01747 P-element activity 1 -- aptDG23310 P-element activity 1 -- apte02912 piggyBac transposase 1 -- aptf00830 piggyBac transposase 1 -- aptf02081 piggyBac transposase 1 -- aptf02747 piggyBac transposase 1 -- aptk11531 P-element activity 1 Yes aptKG04429a 1 -- aptKG05666 1 -- aptKG05830 1 -- aptNP0256 1 -- aptNP0272 1 -- aptNP0330 1 -- aptNP3075 1 -- aptNP4654 1 -- aptNP5298 1 -- aptNP7344 1 -- apt06369 P-element activity 0 -- apt07010 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence P-element activity 0 Yes apt09049 P-element activity 0 -- apt167 0 Yes apt41 0 Yes apt534 0 -- apt97-2 Delta2-3 0 -- aptCB-0199-3 0 -- aptCC01186 P-element activity 0 Yes aptCC01392 P-element activity 0 Yes aptd02240 P-element activity 0 -- aptEP2339 P-element activity 0 Yes aptEP2373 P-element activity 0 Yes aptFS1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- aptFS2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- aptGS-A960 Delta2-3 0 -- aptGS10120 0 Yes aptGS9203 0 Yes aptMT11 Delta2-3 0 Yes aptMT287 loss of function allele Delta2-3 0 Yes aptMT387 Delta2-3 0 Yes aptMT399 Delta2-3 0 Yes aptMY7919 P-element activity 0 -- apttdf-C5-2-5 P-element activity 0 Yes apttdf-PΔ3 P-element activity 0 Yes apttdf-PΔ4 P-element activity 0 Yes apttdf-PΔ5 P-element activity 0 Yes aptUM-8355-3 0 -- aptunspecified 0 -- aptUY562 P-element activity 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 9 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of apt Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion aptGD1367 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes aptJF02134 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes aptKK112298 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes aptdsRNA.cKa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes aptdsRNA.cMa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 -- aptdsRNA.cRa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes aptdsRNA.si.cKa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes aptScer\UAS.cEa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes aptScer\UAS.P\T.cFa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(2R)BSC661 (Christensen et al., 2008.12.28) Df(2R)bw5 (Takasu-Ishikawa et al., 2001, Gellon et al., 1997) Df(2R)bwVDe2LPxKR (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Beaton, 1997.12.27) Df(2R)bw-DRa (Takasu-Ishikawa et al., 2001) Df(2R)bw-DRp (Takasu-Ishikawa et al., 2001) Df(2R)bw-DRs (Takasu-Ishikawa et al., 2001) Df(2R)bw-DRt (Takasu-Ishikawa et al., 2001) Df(2R)bw-S46 (Su et al., 1999, Takasu-Ishikawa et al., 2001, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Gellon et al., 1997, Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997) Df(2R)Exel7180 (Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Not disrupted in	Df(2R)bwVDe2LPxKR (Beaton, 1997.12.27)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD1367} NA P{KK112298} NA P{TRiP.JF02134} NA P{UASp-apt.F} NA P{UAS-tdf.E} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of enhancer trap P{KZ.TRAP}aptMY7919 No P{lacW}apt97-2 No P{lacW}aptk11531 No P{lacW}aptk15608 No P{lacW}apttdf-C5-2-5 No P{lacW}B2-2-15 No P{lacW}l(2)SH0204SH0204 No P{PZ}apt03041 No P{PZ}apt06369 No P{PZ}apt07010 No P{PZ}apt09049 No insertion of mobile activating element P{EP}aptEP2339 NA P{EP}aptEP2373 NA P{GSV1}aptGS-A960 NA P{GSV1}EP-O NA P{GSV1}GSd209GSd209 NA P{GSV1}GSd430GSd430 NA P{GSV6}aptGS9203 NA P{GSV6}aptGS10120 NA P{Mae-UAS.6.11}aptUY562 NA P{XP}aptd01747 NA P{XP}aptd02240 NA miscellaneous insertions P{5'KZ.TRAP.MT287}aptMT287 NA P{PTT-GC}aptCC01186 NA P{PTT-GC}aptCC01392 NA P{RS3}aptCB-0199-3 NA P{RS3}aptCB-0442-3 NA P{RS3}aptCB-0771-3 NA P{RS3}aptCB-5369-3 NA P{RS3}aptUM-8355-3 NA P{RS5}apt5-HA-1497 NA P{RS5}apt5-HA-1926 NA P{RS5}apt5-SZ-3960 NA P{SUPor-P}aptKG04429a NA P{SUPor-P}aptKG05666 NA P{SUPor-P}aptKG05830 NA P{wHy}aptDG23310 NA PBac{PB}aptc06348 NA PBac{RB}apte02912 NA PBac{WH}aptf00830 NA PBac{WH}aptf02081 NA PBac{WH}aptf02747 NA insertion of enhancer trap binary system P{GawB}aptNP0256 No P{GawB}aptNP0272 No P{GawB}aptNP0330 No P{GawB}aptNP3075 No P{GawB}aptNP4654 No P{GawB}aptNP5298 No P{GawB}aptNP7344 No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 13 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 8 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
protein binding inferred from physical interaction with mbf1 (Liu et al., 2003) sequence-specific DNA binding inferred from direct assay (Liu et al., 2003) sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity inferred from direct assay (Liu et al., 2003)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
central nervous system development inferred from mutant phenotype (Liu et al., 2003) neuromuscular synaptic transmission inferred from mutant phenotype (Takasu-Ishikawa et al., 2001) open tracheal system development inferred from mutant phenotype (Liu et al., 2003) positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter inferred from direct assay (Liu et al., 2003)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
nucleus inferred from direct assay (Takasu-Ishikawa et al., 2001)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 6 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
mRNA binding traceable author statement (van Eeden and St. Johnston, 1999)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
heart development traceable author statement (Cripps and Olson, 2002) negative regulation of oskar mRNA translation non-traceable author statement (Mahowald, 2001, Leatherman and Jongens, 2003) traceable author statement (Johnstone and Lasko, 2001) open tracheal system development traceable author statement (Ghabrial et al., 2003) primary branching, open tracheal system traceable author statement (Ghabrial et al., 2003) regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter non-traceable author statement (FlyBase, 1992-)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions apt allele Gene References apt41 aret (Lie and Macdonald, 1999) Dfd (Gellon et al., 1997) apt97-2 l(2)gl (Woodhouse et al., 2003) apt167 aret (Lie and Macdonald, 1999) Dfd (Gellon et al., 1997) apt03041 peb (Wilk et al., 2004) apt06369 peb (Wilk et al., 2004) apt09049 aret (Lie and Macdonald, 1999) peb (Wilk et al., 2004) aptk15608 peb (Wilk et al., 2004) apttdf-PΔ3 aret (Lie and Macdonald, 1999) mbf1 (Liu et al., 2003) apttdf-PΔ4 aret (Lie and Macdonald, 1999) unspecified ct (Krupp et al., 2005) Dfd (Gellon et al., 1996) pbl (Gregory et al., 2007)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 63334 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0015903 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 37734
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF13067 Dere\GG22869 Dgri\GH21213 Dmoj\GI20500 Dper\GL16873 Dpse\GA18848 Dsec\GM16030 Dsim\GD11779 Dvir\GJ22350 Dwil\GK23283 Dyak\GE14307
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dpse\GA18848
Linkouts	InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL006884-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP007656-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_392616.2 Apis mellifera (honey bee) XP_001946393.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) CPIJ012806 Culex pipens (mosquito) XP_799718.2 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin) OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • NV16502 LH12104 ISCW001951 FBgn0231922 FBgn0229375 FBgn0225245 FBgn0224881 FBgn0209463 FBgn0207140 FBgn0196368 FBgn0183518 FBgn0170946 FBgn0170471 JGI_V11_53007 FBgn0078848 FBgn0072403 FBgn0154511 FBgn0154477 FBgn0143236 FBgn0141770 FBgn0040660 FBgn0128675 FBgn0128134 FBgn0115026 FBgn0112239 FBgn0090100 FBgn0090084 CPIJ000503 CPIJ012806 BGIBMGA002713 GB17869 AGAP008898 AGAP007656 AAEL006884 AAEL004284 PB21024 PHUM617030 GLEAN_10795 GLEAN_08981
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 30 )
Harvard	- P{XP}aptd01747 - PBac{PB}aptc06348 - PBac{RB}apte02912 - PBac{WH}aptf00830 - PBac{WH}aptf02081 - PBac{WH}aptf02747
Kyoto	113090 w*; P{GawB}aptNP3075 123176 w1118; P{RS3}aptCB-0442-3 123323 w1118; P{RS3}aptCB-0771-3 123591 w1118; P{RS3}aptCB-5369-3
VDRC	v103665 P{KK112298}VIE-260B v4289 w1118; P{GD1367}v4289
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR25I01 BACR48M01 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 141 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	GM12135 LD45581 RE43936
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	AT08830 AT09537 AT11940 AT12040 GH25206 GM13387 GM15084 LD01932 LD07525 LD08451 LD13115 LD22768 LD27076 LD27934 LD31047 LD32506 LD37370 LP10947 LP11637 LP24472 RE04427 RE06673 RE07801 RE08376 RE11055 RE15662 RE17858 RE18534 RE19251 RE22159 RE26459 RE27131 RE33264 RE33477 RE34628 RE34952 RE36456 RE40432 RE40466 RE41230 RE43363 RE46933 RE49649 RE52011 RE53368 RE53889 RE54193 RE56227 RE60071 RE62046 RE62063 RE67640 RE70613 RE70804 RE70865 RE70945 RE73878
Other clones	7979 60981 80305 105239 161223 174478 193089 214477.39 bs37d12 CK01.56B.H10 CK01.61B.H10 Dmel_neb_011562_0927_0555 EK045463 EK049163 EK063863 EK106260 EK174046 EK185751 EK213437 EK230546 EK265013 EK275608 EK304704 EP16741 RE01717 RE37410 RP004015726 RP004028619 RP004065299 RP004087809 RP004112241 RP004112462 RP004126973 RP004132952 RP004133585 RP004161200 RP004161916 RP004165777 RP004193931 RP004200318 RP004202024 RP004205406 RP004211038 RP004215224 RP004225311 RP004226176 RP004227046 RP004239442 RP004244814 RP004245563 RP004251478 RP004288859 RP004321765 RP004325900 RP004336544 RP004350465 RP004374583 RP004393881 RP004397552 RP004398285 RP004409210 RP004418997 RP004422825 RP004424231 RP004444844 RP004445493 RP004457535 RP004461207 RP004468118 RP004507386 RP004508145 RP004510626 RP004512996 RP004516350 RP004519685 RP004521717 RP004535484 RP004539114 RP004542970 RP004553007 RP004559984
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0015903 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 37734 45693
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Lie and Macdonald, 1999, Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: apt CG5393 (Zhang, 1999.11)
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: apt l(2)59Ea (Takasu-Ishikawa et al., 2001) Source for merge of: apt l(2)06369 (Su et al., 1999) Source for merge of: apt l(2)k11531 (Csink et al., 2002)
Additional comments
Other Comments
	apt is required for morphogenesis and function of the heart. (Su et al., 1999) Identification: Enhancer trap expression pattern survey for loci expressed in the ring gland. (Harvie et al., 1998) Molecular characterisation of apt. apt protein activity enables cells to migrate during tracheal branch outgrowth and tube formation. apt activity is a prerequisite for tracheal cell migration but independent of directed cell migration in response to dpp and bnl signalling. apt function is not restricted to the tracheal system but is also required in various other embryonic tissues where the gene is expressed. (Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997) apt is required for the elaboration of dorsal and ventral head structures. The apt protein acts in parallel to, or as a cofactor with, HOX proteins to regulate homeotic targets in the ventral gnathal region. (Gellon et al., 1997) Identified in a screen for modifiers of the Dfd13/Dfd3 mutant phenotype. Shows no interaction with the Pc mutant phenotype. (Gellon et al., 1997) Mutations isolated on the basis of having a dominant effect on the viability of flies carrying a combination of hypomorphic Dfd alleles. (Gellon et al., 1996) The autosomal "FLP-DFS" technique (using the P{ovoD1-18} P{FRT(whs)} P{hsFLP} chromosomes) has been used to identify the specific maternal effect phenotype for the zygotic lethal mutation. (Perrimon et al., 1996) Embryonic lethal with abnormal head structures.
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_057831 NM_057832 NM_166609 NM_166610 NM_166611 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_477179 NP_477180 NP_726342 NP_726343 NP_726344 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAB69289 AAB82746 AAC06253 AAF47031 AAL29041 AAM68255 AAM68256 AAM68257 AAM68258 AC005639 AF009676 AF027123 AF053079 AI543904 AJ001615 AQ025604 AQ025669 AQ026037 AQ073289 AQ073296 AQ073506 AQ073533 AW943792 AY061493 CAA04869 CZ470619 CZ470620 CZ472418 CZ472697 CZ480681 CZ480682 CZ483314 CZ484582 CZ484583 CZ485293 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 37734 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • O16114 O17430 O44203 O61602 Q8MLR4 Q9W1M6
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • SANT domain, DNA binding (IPR001005) Myb/SANT-like domain (IPR024752)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 63334 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0015903 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0015903 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0015903 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG5393-RB FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0015903 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 37734 45693 InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL006884-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP007656-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_392616.2 Apis mellifera (honey bee) XP_001946393.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) CPIJ012806 Culex pipens (mosquito) XP_799718.2 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin) Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /dbzhnsky/apontc1.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 37734 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0015903 OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • NV16502 LH12104 ISCW001951 FBgn0231922 FBgn0229375 FBgn0225245 FBgn0224881 FBgn0209463 FBgn0207140 FBgn0196368 FBgn0183518 FBgn0170946 FBgn0170471 JGI_V11_53007 FBgn0078848 FBgn0072403 FBgn0154511 FBgn0154477 FBgn0143236 FBgn0141770 FBgn0040660 FBgn0128675 FBgn0128134 FBgn0115026 FBgn0112239 FBgn0090100 FBgn0090084 CPIJ000503 CPIJ012806 BGIBMGA002713 GB17869 AGAP008898 AGAP007656 AAEL006884 AAEL004284 PB21024 PHUM617030 GLEAN_10795 GLEAN_08981
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 17 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	3041 (Harvie et al., 1998) apt (Jiang and Crews, 2006, Sandmann et al., 2007, Bowler et al., 2006, Holloway et al., 2008, Buszczak et al., 2007, Ma et al., 2006, Molnar et al., 2006, Minidorff et al., 2007, Minidorff et al., 2007, Christensen et al., 2008.12.28, Starz-Gaiano et al., 2008, Gim et al., 2001, Kazemian et al., 2010) CG5393 (Kim et al., 2004, Raisin et al., 2003, Ramet et al., 2002, Kraut et al., 2001, Kraut et al., 2001, Holloway et al., 2008, Molnar et al., 2006, Perkins et al., 2009.3.31, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5) l(2)59Ea (Yoshihara et al., 1997, ) l(2)03041   l(2)06369 (Spradling et al., 1999, ) l(2)09049 (Beaton, 1997.12.27, ) l(2)k11531   tdf (Ghabrial et al., 2003, Liu et al., 2003, Liu et al., 2000, Hogan and Yingling, 1998, Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997, Eulenberg and Schuh, 1997, Eulenberg and Schuh, 1996, ) TDF (Boube et al., 2000, Liu et al., 2003) TDF/APT (Liu et al., 2002) unnamed (Yoshihara et al., 1997)
Name Synonym	apontic (Gellon et al., 1997, Gellon et al., 1996, Jiang and Crews, 2006, Gregory et al., 2007, Bowler et al., 2006, Starz-Gaiano et al., 2008, Chung et al., 2009) Apontic (Terry et al., 2006, Gim et al., 2001) Trachea defective (Liu et al., 2000) trachea defective (Chung et al., 2009) tracheae defective (Ghabrial et al., 2003, Eulenberg and Schuh, 1996, )
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0010526 FBgn0010619 FBgn0010654 FBgn0016073 FBgn0021909 FBgn0023031
References ( 105 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 105 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 46 ) Supplementary material  ( 8 ) Review  ( 13 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 13 ) Abstract  ( 11 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 3 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 3 ) Computer file  ( 4 ) Other  ( 1 ) Automatic genome annotation  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 2 )
	Blanco et al., 2010, BMC Dev. Biol. 10: 94 Gene expression following induction of regeneration in Drosophila wing imaginal discs. Expression profile of regenerating wing discs. [FBrf0211812] Kazemian et al., 2010, PLoS Biol. 8(8): Quantitative analysis of the Drosophila segmentation regulatory network using pattern generating potentials. [FBrf0211688] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2010 Show reviews ...