• Home
• Tools
  • Tools Overview
  • Query Tools

    
    • QuickSearch
    • QueryBuilder
    • TermLink
    • CytoSearch
    • RNA-Seq Search
    • Interactions Browser
    • ImageBrowse
    • Find A Person
    • Google™ FlyBase
  • Genomic/Map Tools

    
    • BLAST
    • GBrowse
    • GBrowse 2 Beta
    • CytoSearch
    • Feature Mapper
    • Aberrations Maps
    • Chromosome Maps
    • Coordinates Converter
  • Retrieve/Convert

    
    • Batch Download
    • Coordinates Converter
    • ID Converter
  • Data Submission

    
    • Fast-Track Your Paper
    • Submit Personal Comm
    • Add A New Person
    • Update Person Info
  • People

    
    • Find A Person
    • Add A New Person
    • Update Person Info
• Files
  • Files Overview
  • Current release
  • Archived releases
  • Map Conversion
  • FTP site:
  • Releases (FTP)
  • Genomes (FTP)
• Species
  • Phylogeny
  • Sequenced Species
  • Synteny Table
  • Color Illustrations
  • Abbreviations
• Documents
  • About FlyBase
  • Reference Manual:
  • Sections
  • Contents
  • Nomenclature
  • Release Notes
• Resources
  • All Resources
  • Model Organisms
  • Stock Collections
  • Vectors & Constructs
  • Other links:
  • BDGP
  • DGRC
  • DIS by issue
  • FlyExpress
  • Interactive Fly
  • modENCODE
  • Textpresso for Fly
• News
  • News
  • FlyBase Forum
  • FlyBase Positions
  • Meetings
  • Courses
  • Fly Board
  • White papers
  • Funding
  • bionet.dros
• Help
  • Google™ FlyBase
  • Site Map
  • FAQs
  • FlyBase Guides
  • Video Tutorials
  • Report help
  • New to Flies
  • Pers. comm.
  • Author guidelines
  • Contact FlyBase
• Archives
  • Prior Release
  • Other Archives
  • Coordinate Converter

Gene Dmel\grim

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\grim	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	grim	Annotation symbol	CG4345
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0015946
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	10 publicly available
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3L	Recombination map	3-
Cytogenetic map	75C4-75C4	Sequence location	3L:18,295,819..18,297,517 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene grim is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\grim (CG4345, FBgn0015946). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Its molecular function is unknown. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: apoptotic process; melanization defense response; induction of apoptosis; determination of adult lifespan; negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process; positive regulation of programmed cell death. 56 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system; multicellular structure; organ system subdivision; external compound sense organ; sense organ; adult; embryonic/larval neuron; adult segment; non-connected developing system; embryonic/larval corpus allatum; pioneer neuron. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderate expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed within 06-18 hour embryonic stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Little or no expression detected in any larval or adult organs/tissues. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1633724_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of grim. Gene sequence location is 3L:18295819..18297517.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
External Summaries
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
Update Feed	Click the icon below to subscribe to this FlyBase record and receive updates automatically through your feed reader.
FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 75C4-75C4   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}W05014 and P{lacW}l(3)j14E7j14E7
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 75C1-75C2     (Chen, 1996.6.24)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	3- (Chen, 1996.6.24)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\grim for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.46
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) grim-RA FBtr0075130  NM_079413   1699   138
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	1.6 (northern blot) (Chen et al., 1996)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein grim-PA   FBpp0074896   15.5   138   6.23     NP_524137   AAF49265
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	138 (aa) (Chen et al., 1996)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	PDB - Protein Data Bank. An information portal to biological macromolecular structures • 1JD5
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE014296 AAF49265   BI165701   BI232477   BI237550   BT003512 AAO39516   EC089644   GH755321   GH760006   GH780529   GH788276   GH788663   GH791883   GH792867   GH795664   GH798777   GH803532   GH804790   GH804958   GH805586   GH816311   GH819265   GH835525   GH839655   GH841160   GH841535   GH873607   GH875058   GH885488   GH893508   GH908757   GH909890   GH930628   GH932987   U61976 AAC47727
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	Q24570
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 4 -- 6   anterior endoderm anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:anlage in statu nascendi central brain anlage in statu nascendi   (Fisher et al., 2012) foregut anlage in statu nascendi   (Fisher et al., 2012) head mesoderm anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:anlage in statu nascendi antennal anlage in statu nascendi   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi dorsal head epidermis anlage in statu nascendi   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi visual anlage in statu nascendi   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi embryonic stage 7 -- 8   head mesoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 9 -- 10   ventral nerve cord primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 11   ventral nerve cord | restricted   (Peterson et al., 2002) embryonic stage 11 -- 12   central brain primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral nerve cord primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 11 -- 17   ventral nerve cord | restricted   (Chen et al., 1996)   (Chen et al., 1996) embryonic stage 13 -- 16   embryonic brain   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval nervous system   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral nerve cord   (Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
	grim expression is first detected at stage 11. The pattern of expression in embryos resembles the pattern of embryonic programmed cell death. grim transcripts were also localized inside some macrophages. (Chen et al., 1996)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
cytoplasm inferred from direct assay (Claveria et al., 1998) mitochondrion inferred from direct assay (Claveria et al., 1998)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Little or no expression detected in any larval or adult organs/tissues. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    24.2 Larval Midgut    1.3 Larval Hindgut    0.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.1 Larval Fat Body    1.8 Larval Salivary Gland    1.5 Larval Trachea    1.3 Larval Carcass    2.05 Adult Head    4.1 Adult Eye    1.05 Adult Brain    13.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    9.5 Adult Crop    5.2 Adult Midgut    1.1 Adult Hindgut    1.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.9 Adult Fat Body    5.8 Adult Salivary Gland    5.9 Adult Heart    0.575 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    4.5 Adult Ovary    1.3 Adult Testis    0.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland    0.9 Adult Carcass    6.4 Expression Level Scale  None   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    24.2 Larval Midgut    1.3 Larval Hindgut    0.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.1 Larval Fat Body    1.8 Larval Salivary Gland    1.5 Larval Trachea    1.3 Larval Carcass    2.05 Adult Head    4.1 Adult Eye    1.05 Adult Brain    13.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    9.5 Adult Crop    5.2 Adult Midgut    1.1 Adult Hindgut    1.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.9 Adult Fat Body    5.8 Adult Salivary Gland    5.9 Adult Heart    0.575 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    4.5 Adult Ovary    1.3 Adult Testis    0.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland    0.9 Adult Carcass    6.4 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    24.2 Larval Midgut    1.3 Larval Hindgut    0.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.1 Larval Fat Body    1.8 Larval Salivary Gland    1.5 Larval Trachea    1.3 Larval Carcass    2.05 Adult Head    4.1 Adult Eye    1.05 Adult Brain    13.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    9.5 Adult Crop    5.2 Adult Midgut    1.1 Adult Hindgut    1.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.9 Adult Fat Body    5.8 Adult Salivary Gland    5.9 Adult Heart    0.575 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    4.5 Adult Ovary    1.3 Adult Testis    0.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland    0.9 Adult Carcass    6.4 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    24.2 Larval Midgut    1.3 Larval Hindgut    0.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.1 Larval Fat Body    1.8 Larval Salivary Gland    1.5 Larval Trachea    1.3 Larval Carcass    2.05 Adult Head    4.1 Adult Eye    1.05 Adult Brain    13.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    9.5 Adult Crop    5.2 Adult Midgut    1.1 Adult Hindgut    1.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.9 Adult Fat Body    5.8 Adult Salivary Gland    5.9 Adult Heart    0.575 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    4.5 Adult Ovary    1.3 Adult Testis    0.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland    0.9 Adult Carcass    6.4 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    24.2 Larval Midgut    1.3 Larval Hindgut    0.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.1 Larval Fat Body    1.8 Larval Salivary Gland    1.5 Larval Trachea    1.3 Larval Carcass    2.05 Adult Head    4.1 Adult Eye    1.05 Adult Brain    13.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    9.5 Adult Crop    5.2 Adult Midgut    1.1 Adult Hindgut    1.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.9 Adult Fat Body    5.8 Adult Salivary Gland    5.9 Adult Heart    0.575 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    4.5 Adult Ovary    1.3 Adult Testis    0.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland    0.9 Adult Carcass    6.4 Expression Level Scale  None   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    24.2 Larval Midgut    1.3 Larval Hindgut    0.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.1 Larval Fat Body    1.8 Larval Salivary Gland    1.5 Larval Trachea    1.3 Larval Carcass    2.05 Adult Head    4.1 Adult Eye    1.05 Adult Brain    13.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    9.5 Adult Crop    5.2 Adult Midgut    1.1 Adult Hindgut    1.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.9 Adult Fat Body    5.8 Adult Salivary Gland    5.9 Adult Heart    0.575 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    4.5 Adult Ovary    1.3 Adult Testis    0.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland    0.9 Adult Carcass    6.4 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    24.2 Larval Midgut    1.3 Larval Hindgut    0.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.1 Larval Fat Body    1.8 Larval Salivary Gland    1.5 Larval Trachea    1.3 Larval Carcass    2.05 Adult Head    4.1 Adult Eye    1.05 Adult Brain    13.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    9.5 Adult Crop    5.2 Adult Midgut    1.1 Adult Hindgut    1.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.9 Adult Fat Body    5.8 Adult Salivary Gland    5.9 Adult Heart    0.575 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    4.5 Adult Ovary    1.3 Adult Testis    0.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland    0.9 Adult Carcass    6.4 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    24.2 Larval Midgut    1.3 Larval Hindgut    0.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.1 Larval Fat Body    1.8 Larval Salivary Gland    1.5 Larval Trachea    1.3 Larval Carcass    2.05 Adult Head    4.1 Adult Eye    1.05 Adult Brain    13.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    9.5 Adult Crop    5.2 Adult Midgut    1.1 Adult Hindgut    1.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.9 Adult Fat Body    5.8 Adult Salivary Gland    5.9 Adult Heart    0.575 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.7 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    4.5 Adult Ovary    1.3 Adult Testis    0.4 Adult Male Accessory Gland    0.9 Adult Carcass    6.4 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    4.1   NA  Eye    1.05   NA  Brain    13.2   24.2  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    9.5   NA  Crop    5.2   1.3  Midgut    1.1   0.6  Hindgut    1.7   1.1  Malpighian Tubules    1.9   1.8  Fat Body    5.8   1.5  Salivary Gland    5.9   NA  Heart    0.575   1.3  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    3.7   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    4.5   NA  Ovary    1.3   NA  Testis    0.4   NA  Male Accessory Gland    0.9   2.05  Carcass    6.4 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    40 central nervous system, pupae P8    11 head, virgin 1-day female    2 head, virgin 4-day female    3 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    5 head, mated 4-day female    2 head, mated 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day male    3 head, mated 4-day male    3 head, mated 20-day male    1 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    6 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3  (40) central nervous system, pupae P8    11 head, virgin 1-day female    2 head, virgin 4-day female    3 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    5 head, mated 4-day female    2 head, mated 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day male    3 head, mated 4-day male    3 head, mated 20-day male    1 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    6 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    40 central nervous system, pupae P8    11 head, virgin 1-day female    2 head, virgin 4-day female    3 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    5 head, mated 4-day female    2 head, mated 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day male    3 head, mated 4-day male    3 head, mated 20-day male    1 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    6 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    40 central nervous system, pupae P8    11 head, virgin 1-day female    2 head, virgin 4-day female    3 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    5 head, mated 4-day female    2 head, mated 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day male    3 head, mated 4-day male    3 head, mated 20-day male    1 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    6 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    40 central nervous system, pupae P8    11 head, virgin 1-day female    2 head, virgin 4-day female    3 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    5 head, mated 4-day female    2 head, mated 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day male    3 head, mated 4-day male    3 head, mated 20-day male    1 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    6 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3  (40) central nervous system, pupae P8    11 head, virgin 1-day female    2 head, virgin 4-day female    3 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    5 head, mated 4-day female    2 head, mated 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day male    3 head, mated 4-day male    3 head, mated 20-day male    1 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    6 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    40 central nervous system, pupae P8    11 head, virgin 1-day female    2 head, virgin 4-day female    3 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    5 head, mated 4-day female    2 head, mated 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day male    3 head, mated 4-day male    3 head, mated 20-day male    1 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    6 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    40 central nervous system, pupae P8    11 head, virgin 1-day female    2 head, virgin 4-day female    3 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    5 head, mated 4-day female    2 head, mated 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day male    3 head, mated 4-day male    3 head, mated 20-day male    1 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    6 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderate expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed within 06-18 hour embryonic stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    3 embryo 06-08hr    3 embryo 08-10hr    5 embryo 10-12hr    7 embryo 12-14hr    7 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    0 embryo 22-24hr    0 larva L1    0 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    2 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    1 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    3 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    3 embryo 06-08hr    3 embryo 08-10hr    5 embryo 10-12hr    7 embryo 12-14hr    7 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    0 embryo 22-24hr    0 larva L1    0 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    2 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    1 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    3 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    3 embryo 06-08hr    3 embryo 08-10hr    5 embryo 10-12hr    7 embryo 12-14hr    7 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    0 embryo 22-24hr    0 larva L1    0 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    2 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    1 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    3 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    3 embryo 06-08hr    3 embryo 08-10hr    5 embryo 10-12hr    7 embryo 12-14hr    7 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    0 embryo 22-24hr    0 larva L1    0 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    2 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    1 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    3 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    3 embryo 06-08hr    3 embryo 08-10hr    5 embryo 10-12hr    7 embryo 12-14hr    7 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    0 embryo 22-24hr    0 larva L1    0 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    2 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    1 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    3 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    3 embryo 06-08hr    3 embryo 08-10hr    5 embryo 10-12hr    7 embryo 12-14hr    7 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    0 embryo 22-24hr    0 larva L1    0 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    2 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    1 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    3 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    3 embryo 06-08hr    3 embryo 08-10hr    5 embryo 10-12hr    7 embryo 12-14hr    7 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    0 embryo 22-24hr    0 larva L1    0 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    2 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    1 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    3 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    3 embryo 06-08hr    3 embryo 08-10hr    5 embryo 10-12hr    7 embryo 12-14hr    7 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    3 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    0 embryo 22-24hr    0 larva L1    0 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    4 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    2 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    1 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    3 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_11 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_07
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • RE28551 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0015946 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG4345-RA FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for grim Stages(s) 4-6 Stages(s) 9-10 Stages(s) 11-12 Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele cell lethal, with Scer\GAL4Ptth.cMa grimScer\UAS.cNa cell lethal | wandering third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Aug21 grimScer\UAS.cNa lethal, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 grimL89A.Scer\UAS grimScer\UAS.cCa lethal, with Scer\GAL4c42 grimScer\UAS.cUa lethal, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF grimL89A.Scer\UAS grimScer\UAS.cCa grimScer\UAS.cNa grimScer\UAS.cYa lethal, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 grimGD11287 lethal | partially, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 grimL89E.Scer\UAS grimΔ2-14.Scer\UAS grimΔ83-93.Scer\UAS grimΔ86-98.Scer\UAS grimΔ89-92.Scer\UAS lethal | partially, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF grimL89E.Scer\UAS grimΔ2-14.Scer\UAS grimΔ83-93.Scer\UAS grimΔ86-98.Scer\UAS grimΔ89-92.Scer\UAS lethal | prepupal stage, with Scer\GAL4Aug21 grimScer\UAS.cNa lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 grimGD11287 lethal - all die during larval stage, with Scer\GAL4sal.BO grimScer\UAS.cNa partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4Ptth.cMa grimScer\UAS.cNa Sterility Allele female semi-fertile, with Scer\GAL4Ptth.cMa grimScer\UAS.cNa Other Phenotypes Allele cell death defective grimGMR.PC courtship behavior defective | male limited, with Scer\GAL4Ptth.cMa grimScer\UAS.cNa decreased cell death, with Scer\GAL4da.G32 grimdsRNA.Scer\UAS decreased cell death (with grimf04656) grimΔ52-57 decreased cell death (with grimΔ52-57) grimf04656 grimΔMM3 decreased cell death (with grimΔMM3) grimΔ52-57 decreased cell death | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI grimGD11287 developmental rate defective, with Scer\GAL4Ptth.cMa grimScer\UAS.cNa developmental rate defective | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Aug21 grimScer\UAS.cNa feeding behavior defective | second instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4sal.BO grimScer\UAS.cNa increased cell death grim1-15.T:Avic\GFP grimGH3.L89E.MtnA.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP grimGH3.MtnA.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP grimGMR.PC grimGMR.PH grimGMR.PHb grimhs.PC grimL89A.MtnA.T:Zzzz\His6 grimL89E.MtnA.T:Zzzz\His6 grimLys-.GMR grimMNPV(Op)\IE-2.PS grimMtnA.PC grimMtnA.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP grimMtnA.T:Scer\Ubi4 grimMtnA.T:Zzzz\His6 grimNt.MtnA.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP grimORF.MtnA grimΔ2-14.MtnA.T:Zzzz\His6 grimΔ2-14.Δ86-98.MtnA.T:Zzzz\His6 grimΔ2-14.Δ89-92.MtnA.T:Zzzz\His6 grimΔ83-93.MtnA.T:Zzzz\His6 grimΔ86-98.MtnA.T:Zzzz\His6 grimΔ89-92.MtnA.T:Zzzz\His6 increased cell death, with Df(3L)H99, Scer\GAL4Gp150-52A grimScer\UAS.cNa increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4Aug21 grimScer\UAS.cNa increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF grimC.Scer\UAS increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4Gp150-52A grimScer\UAS.cNa increased cell death | larval stage grimGMR.PC increased cell number, with Scer\GAL4Ptth.cMa grimScer\UAS.cNa large body, with Scer\GAL4Ptth.cMa grimScer\UAS.cNa neuroanatomy defective | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 grimC.Scer\UAS neuroanatomy defective | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4repo grimC.Scer\UAS neuroanatomy defective | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI grimGD11287 short lived, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 grimScer\UAS.cNa tarsal response defective, with Scer\GAL4Obp57e.T:Hsim\VP16 grimScer\UAS.cNa visible grimGMR.PA grimGMR.PC grimGMR.PH grimGMR.PHb grimGMR.PY visible, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF grimC.Scer\UAS visible, with Scer\GAL4GMR.T:Hsap\APP grimScer\UAS.cYa visible | dominant grimGMR.PC Phenotype manifest in Allele abdominal neuroblast, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI grimGD11287 aCC neuron, with Scer\GAL4rQ286.11 grimScer\UAS.cNa commissure, with Scer\GAL4Gp150-52A grimScer\UAS.cNa embryonic/larval corpus allatum, with Scer\GAL4Aug21 grimScer\UAS.cNa embryonic/larval fat body | prepupal stage, with Scer\GAL4Aug21 grimScer\UAS.cNa embryonic/larval glial cell, with Scer\GAL4repo grimScer\UAS.cNa embryonic/larval glial cell, with Scer\GAL4rQ286.11 grimScer\UAS.cNa embryonic/larval hemolymph | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4He.PZ grimScer\UAS.cNa embryonic/larval nervous system, with Scer\GAL4rQ286.11 grimScer\UAS.cNa embryonic/larval salivary gland, with Scer\GAL4Aug21 grimScer\UAS.cNa embryonic/larval spiracle | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4desat1.PB grimScer\UAS.cNa embryonic/larval spiracle | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4sal.BO grimScer\UAS.cNa embryonic/larval tracheal system | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4sal.BO grimScer\UAS.cNa eye grimGMR.PA grimGMR.PC grimGMR.PH grimGMR.PHb grimLys-.GMR grimGMR.PY eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF grimC.Scer\UAS grimL89A.Scer\UAS grimScer\UAS.cCa eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.T:Hsap\APP grimScer\UAS.cYa eye disc | third instar larval stage grimGMR.PC fat body, with Scer\GAL4Aug21 grimScer\UAS.cNa glial cell, with Scer\GAL4da.G32 grimdsRNA.Scer\UAS glial cell (with grimf04656) grimΔ52-57 glial cell (with grimΔ52-57) grimΔMM3 grimf04656 glial cell (with grimΔMM3) grimΔ52-57 interommatidial bristle grimGMR.PC macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 grimL89A.Scer\UAS grimScer\UAS.cCa mesothoracic tergum, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 grimΔ83-93.Scer\UAS grimL89A.Scer\UAS grimL89E.Scer\UAS grimScer\UAS.cCa microchaeta, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 grimL89A.Scer\UAS grimScer\UAS.cCa midline glial cell, with Df(3L)H99, Scer\GAL4Gp150-52A grimScer\UAS.cNa midline glial cell, with Scer\GAL4Gp150-52A grimScer\UAS.cNa ommatidium grimGMR.PA grimGMR.PC grimGMR.PHb optic lobe | prepupal stage, with Scer\GAL4Aug21 grimScer\UAS.cNa peripheral glial cell | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 grimC.Scer\UAS peripheral glial cell | embryonic stage, with Scer\GAL4repo grimC.Scer\UAS photoreceptor cell R7 | prepupal stage, with Scer\GAL4Aug21 grimScer\UAS.cNa photoreceptor cell R8 | prepupal stage, with Scer\GAL4Aug21 grimScer\UAS.cNa prothoracic gland innervating neuron PG-LP, with Scer\GAL4Ptth.cMa grimScer\UAS.cNa segmental nerve pioneer neuron, with Scer\GAL4repo grimScer\UAS.cNa segmental nerve pioneer neuron, with Scer\GAL4rQ286.11 grimScer\UAS.cNa sensory neuron, with Scer\GAL4repo grimScer\UAS.cNa sensory neuron, with Scer\GAL4rQ286.11 grimScer\UAS.cNa sensory neuron & axon & embryo, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 grimC.Scer\UAS sensory neuron & axon & embryo, with Scer\GAL4repo grimC.Scer\UAS ventral midline, with Scer\GAL4Gp150-52A grimScer\UAS.cNa ventral nerve cord, with Scer\GAL4Gp150-52A grimScer\UAS.cNa wing, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 grimΔ83-93.Scer\UAS grimL89A.Scer\UAS grimL89E.Scer\UAS grimScer\UAS.cCa wing, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096, grimΔ2-14.Scer\UAS grimΔ86-98.Scer\UAS wing, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096, grimΔ2-14.Δ86-98.Scer\UAS grimΔ86-98.Scer\UAS wing, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096, grimΔ86-98.Scer\UAS grimΔ2-14.Δ86-98.Scer\UAS grimΔ2-14.Scer\UAS wing, with Scer\GAL4Ptth.cMa grimScer\UAS.cNa
Classical Alleles ( 6 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of grim Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion grimf04656 hypomorphic allele - molecular evidence 1 -- grimMB10379 1 -- grimMI03811 1 -- grimP29R 0 Yes grimΔ52-57 0 Yes grimΔMM3 hypomorphic allele - molecular evidence FLPase 0 Yes
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 50 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of grim Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion grimGD11287 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 3 Yes grimGMR.PC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes grimhs.PC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes grim1-15.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct 0 Yes grimAla1.MtnA.T:Scer\Ubi4 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes grimC.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes grimCos in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes grimdsRNA.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes grimGH3.L89E.MtnA.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes grimGH3.MtnA.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP in vitro construct - deletion in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes grimGMR.PA in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes grimGMR.PH in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes grimGMR.PHb in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 -- grimGMR.PY 0 -- grimL89A.MtnA.T:Zzzz\His6 in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes grimL89A.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes grimL89E.MtnA.T:Zzzz\His6 in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes grimL89E.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes grimLys-.GMR in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes grimmiRNA.RHG.GMR in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes grimmiRNA.RHG.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes grimMNPV(Op)\IE-2.PS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes grimMtnA.PC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes grimMtnA.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes grimMtnA.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes grimMtnA.T:Scer\Ubi4 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes grimMtnA.T:SV5\V5 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes grimMtnA.T:Zzzz\His6 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes grimMtnA.T:Zzzz\TAP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes grimNt.MtnA.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes grimORF.MtnA in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes grimScer\UAS.cCa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes grimScer\UAS.cNa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes grimScer\UAS.cOCa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes grimScer\UAS.cTa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes grimScer\UAS.cUa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes grimScer\UAS.cYa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes grimΔ2-14.MtnA.T:Zzzz\His6 in vitro construct - deletion in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes grimΔ2-14.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - deletion in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes grimΔ2-14.Δ86-98.MtnA.T:Zzzz\His6 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes grimΔ2-14.Δ86-98.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes grimΔ2-14.Δ89-92.MtnA.T:Zzzz\His6 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes grimΔ2-14.Δ89-92.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes grimΔ83-93.MtnA.T:Zzzz\His6 in vitro construct - deletion in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes grimΔ83-93.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - deletion in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes grimΔ86-98.MtnA.T:Zzzz\His6 in vitro construct - deletion in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes grimΔ86-98.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - deletion in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes grimΔ89-92.MtnA.T:Zzzz\His6 in vitro construct - deletion in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes grimΔ89-92.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - deletion in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes grimΔIBM.MtnA in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Not disrupted in	Df(3L)X14 (Chen et al., 1996) Df(3L)XR38 (Peterson et al., 1998)
Disrupted in	Df(3L)ED225 (Mohseni et al., 2009, Mohseni et al., 2009) Df(3L)G870 (Montero et al., 2008) Df(3L)grimA5A (Wu et al., 2010) Df(3L)grimA6C (Wu et al., 2010) Df(3L)grimC15E (Wu et al., 2010) Df(3L)H99 (Staveley et al., 1998, Sawamoto et al., 1998, Dumstrei et al., 1998, DeFalco et al., 2003, Chen et al., 1996, Zhou et al., 1997, Sano et al., 2005, Link et al., 2007) Df(3L)X25 (Chen et al., 1996)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD11287} NA P{UAS-grim.C} NA P{UAS-grim.L89A} NA P{UAS-grim.L89E} NA P{UAS-grim.N} NA P{UAS-grim.OC} NA P{UAS-grim.RNAi} NA P{UAS-grim.T} NA P{UAS-grim.U} NA P{UAS-grim.Y} NA P{UAS-grim.Δ2-14.Δ86-98} NA P{UAS-grim.Δ2-14.Δ89-92} NA P{UAS-grim.Δ2-14} NA P{UAS-grim.Δ83-93} NA P{UAS-grim.Δ86-98} NA P{UAS-grim.Δ89-92} NA P{UAS-grimC} NA P{UAS-RHG.miRNA} NA heat-shock construct P{HS-grim} NA characterization construct P{GMR-grim.A} NA P{GMR-grim.H} NA P{GMR-grim.Hb} NA P{GMR-grim.Y} NA P{GMR-grim} NA P{GMR-RHG.miRNA} NA P{grim-Cos} NA P{UAS-g/reaper} NA P{UAS-grim::rpr} NA P{UAS-r/grim} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions Mi{MIC}grimMI03811 NA PBac{WH}grimf04656 NA insertion of enhancer trap binary system Mi{ET1}grimMB10379 No insertion of mobile activating element PBac{WHr}grimΔMM3 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 16 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 8 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
apoptotic process inferred from expression pattern AND inferred from mutant phenotype (Chen et al., 1996) determination of adult lifespan inferred from mutant phenotype (Bauer et al., 2005) induction of apoptosis inferred from genetic interaction with Dcp-1 (Wang et al., 1999) inferred from genetic interaction with th (Wang et al., 1999) melanization defense response inferred from mutant phenotype (Bidla et al., 2007) negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process inferred from mutant phenotype (Tan et al., 2011) positive regulation of programmed cell death inferred from mutant phenotype (Wu et al., 2010)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
cytoplasm inferred from direct assay (Claveria et al., 1998) mitochondrion inferred from direct assay (Claveria et al., 1998)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 10 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
apoptotic process non-traceable author statement (Holcik, 2002) traceable author statement (Abrams, 1999, De Laurenzi and Melino, 2000) embryonic development via the syncytial blastoderm traceable author statement (Buszczak and Segraves, 2000, Bergmann et al., 2003) induction of apoptosis non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1997.2.1) traceable author statement (Abrams, 1999, Bergmann et al., 2003) intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress traceable author statement (Avdonin et al., 1998) larval central nervous system remodeling traceable author statement (Tissot and Stocker, 2000) negative regulation of translation traceable author statement (Ditzel and Meier, 2002) NOT nurse cell apoptotic process traceable author statement (Buszczak and Cooley, 2000, Richardson and Kumar, 2002) programmed cell death traceable author statement (Gorski and Marra, 2002, Richardson and Kumar, 2002) protein ubiquitination traceable author statement (Bergmann et al., 2003) regulation of proteolysis traceable author statement (Bergmann et al., 2003)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
grim - Iap2 pull down, autoradiography (Khan et al., 2008) grim - LSm3 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grim - Ote anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grim - SmD2 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grim - Zn72D anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grim - bocksbeutel anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grim - mRpS24 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) grim - th pull down, autoradiography (Khan et al., 2008)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions grim allele Gene References grimC.Scer\UAS Iap2 (Wing et al., 2001) Nc (Wing et al., 2001) th (Wing et al., 2001) grimGH3.L89E.MtnA.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP BacA\p35 (Claveria et al., 2002) grimGH3.MtnA.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP BacA\p35 (Claveria et al., 2002) grimGMR.PA GlcT-1 (Kohyama-Koganeya et al., 2004) grimGMR.PC Ark (Rodriguez et al., 1999, Rodriguez et al., 2002) Dcp-1 (Song et al., 2000) klu (Rusconi et al., 2004) pnut (Gottfried et al., 2004) skl (Srinivasula et al., 2002) th (Lisi et al., 2000, Rodriguez et al., 2002) grimGMR.PH Nc (Hawkins et al., 2000) grimGMR.PHb morgue (Hays et al., 2002) grimMtnA.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP BacA\p35 (Claveria et al., 2002) grimNt.MtnA.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP BacA\p35 (Claveria et al., 2002) grimScer\UAS.cNa rpr (Wing et al., 1998) th (Wing et al., 2001) W (Wing et al., 1998) unspecified 14-3-3ζ (Mueller et al., 2005) Amun (Mueller et al., 2005) aop (Mueller et al., 2005) Arl1 (Mueller et al., 2005) brm (Mueller et al., 2005) CG5261 (Mueller et al., 2005) CG32521 (Mueller et al., 2005) CkIα (Mueller et al., 2005) Dl (Mueller et al., 2005) Egfr (Mueller et al., 2005) H (Mueller et al., 2005) hep (Mueller et al., 2005) Hr4 (Mueller et al., 2005) Iap2 (Wing et al., 1998) Ice (Muro et al., 2006) Imp (Mueller et al., 2005) klu (Mueller et al., 2005) lilli (Mueller et al., 2005) mir-278 (Nairz et al., 2006, Mueller et al., 2005) mod86 (Agapite et al., 2000) N (Mueller et al., 2005) Nc (Yan et al., 2006) nej (Mueller et al., 2005) p53 (Mueller et al., 2005) pnt (Mueller et al., 2005) puc (Mueller et al., 2005) pzg (Mueller et al., 2005) RapGAP1 (Mueller et al., 2005) Rho1 (Mueller et al., 2005) rpr (Mueller et al., 2005) so (Mueller et al., 2005) Su(H) (Mueller et al., 2005) th (Mueller et al., 2005) Uba1 (Pfleger et al., 2007) W (Mueller et al., 2005) wdb (Mueller et al., 2005)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 65298 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0015946 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0015946 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 40014
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (12) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG67ST1M Dipteran inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Insect inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Arthropod inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Metazoa inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG67ST1M)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\grim     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD12347 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM14945 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG15746 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE22078 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF10822 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA18123 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL22714 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK11571 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ11395 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI11722 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH22247 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (None identified)
No non-Drosophilid orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (None identified)
No non-Dipteran orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (None identified)
No non-Insect Arthropod orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (None identified)
No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
Human Orthologs (0)
Gene OMIM HGNC
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD12347 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM14945 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG15746 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE22078 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF10822 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA18123 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL22714 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK11571 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ11395 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI11722 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH22247
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 10 )
Bloomington	9924 w*; P{HS-grim}3 9925 w*; P{HS-grim}5 9923 w*; P{GMR-grim}4 9922 y1 w*; P{GMR-grim}1 29117 w1118; Mi{ET1}grimMB10379 36978 y1 w*; Mi{MIC}grimMI03811/TM3, Sb1 Ser1
Harvard	- PBac{WH}grimf04656
VDRC	v21830 w1118; P{GD11287}v21830 v22597 w1118; P{GD11287}v22597 v39689 w1118; P{GD11287}v39689/TM3
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR04F07 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 31 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	RE28551
Other clones	DPiM_RE28551
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	RE05643
Other clones	165680 RP003008945 RP003017745 RP003149074 RP003158742 RP003177684 RP003214992 RP003217417 RP003281133 RP003300035 RP003308702 RP003327919 RP003338530 RP003438300 RP003450456 RP003456473 RP003459989 RP003496055 RP003499719 RP003504687 RP003520097 RP003521584 RP003539461 RP003547203 RP003565273 RP003608380 RP003611619 RP003679913
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0015946 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 40014
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
	By virtue of its proximity to rpr (reaper) and its potent cell killing activity the gene is named "grim". (Chen et al., 1996)
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: grim BcDNA:RE28551 (FlyBase, 1996-)
Additional comments	Source for merge of grim BcDNA:RE28551 was a shared cDNA (date:030728). (FlyBase, 1996-)
Other Comments
	The N-terminal and GH3 domains within grim activate independent apoptotic pathways. (Claveria et al., 2002) Domains in addition to the BIR2 domain of the th gene product are required for rpr, grim and W to inactivate th. (Lisi et al., 2000) rpr, W and grim promote apoptosis by disrupting interactions between the th and Dcp-1 proteins. (Wang et al., 1999) th is epistatic to the mutant phenotype of Df(3L)H99 (deleted for rpr, W, and grim). (Wang et al., 1999) grim may participate in initiating apoptosis by stably blocking K+ channels. (Avdonin et al., 1998) grim expression induces apoptosis in mammalian cells by specifically acting on mitochondrial apoptotic pathways executed by endogenous caspases. (Claveria et al., 1998) grim-induced cell death is not modulated by Ras85D signalling activity. (Kurada and White, 1998) A 'cell-death gene'; activation results in massive apoptosis. Neither W nor rpr function required, but blocked by BacA\p35. (Chen et al., 1996) Characterisation of grim suggests the encoded apoptotic function is upstream of putative Cys proteases and grim activity parallels that of rpr and W. Because grim triggered extensive apoptosis in at least one developmental context where rpr was not sufficient, it is possible that these proteins enter a common apoptotic pathway at different sites. (Chen et al., 1996)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_079413 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_524137 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAC47727 AAF49265 AAO39516 BI232477 BI237550 BT003512 U61976 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 40014 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • Q24570
Other Crossreferences
	PDB - Protein Data Bank. An information portal to biological macromolecular structures • 1JD5 BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • RE28551
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 65298 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0015946 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0015946 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0015946 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0015946 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG4345-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0015946 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 40014 Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /sturtevant/grim1.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 40014 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0015946
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 7 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	BcDNA:RE28551   CG4345 (Pal et al., 2007) gri (Baer et al., 2010) grim (Montero et al., 2008, Pearson et al., 2005, Singh et al., 2006, Wu and Brachmann, 2007, Mabuchi et al., 2007, Wichmann et al., 2007, Wichmann et al., 2006, Choi et al., 2006, Muro et al., 2006, Bauer et al., 2005, Abrams, 2007.3.27, Nairz et al., 2006, Higashiyama et al., 2002, Tiwari and Roy, 2009, DiPietrantonio and Davidson, 2003, Togane et al., 2007, Yoneda et al., 2007, Pfleger et al., 2007, Ohayon et al., 2009, Peterson et al., 2007, Zhai et al., 2012, Niwa et al., 2010, Vicente-Crespo et al., 2008, Liao et al., 2008, Truscott et al., 2011, Hueber et al., 2007, Hsu et al., 2004, Renault et al., 2004, Tang et al., 2008, Xie and Birchler, 2008, Martin et al., 2008, Waldhuber et al., 2005, Krieser et al., 2007, Sano et al., 2005, Bidla et al., 2009, Pfleger et al., 2010, Markovic et al., 2009, Chen et al., 2011, Guan et al., 2007, Toyama et al., 2008, Gafuik and Steller, 2011, González and Busturia, 2009, Xia and Holcik, 2009, Winbush and Weeks, 2011, Daish et al., 2004, Zhang et al., 2008, Link et al., 2007, Hou et al., 2008, Benchabane et al., 2008, Rogulja-Ortmann et al., 2008, Crisp et al., 2008, Phan et al., 2007, Miguel-Aliaga et al., 2008, Means et al., 2006, Page and Olofsson, 2008, Vazquez-Pianzola et al., 2007, Mehrotra et al., 2008, Bidla et al., 2007, Ogura et al., 2009, Kato et al., 2009, Galindo et al., 2009, Palgi et al., 2009, Leaman et al., 2005, Amarneh et al., 2009, Brun et al., 2006, Lee et al., 2006, Hong et al., 2009, Ribaya et al., 2009, Liu et al., 2009, Peng et al., 2009, Rehmsmeier et al., 2004, Poirier et al., 2008, Arya and Lakhotia, 2008, Rewitz et al., 2009, Mallik and Lakhotia, 2009, Wheeler et al., 2009, Siegrist et al., 2010, Herranz et al., 2006, Kondo et al., 2006, Karlsson et al., 2010, Riddiford et al., 2010, Fan et al., 2010, Bulchand et al., 2010, Benitez et al., 2010, Sandu et al., 2010, Tan et al., 2011, Suissa et al., 2011, Kazemian et al., 2010, Kertesz et al., 2007, Abdou et al., 2011, Ou et al., 2011, Rovani et al., 2012, Ge et al., 2012, Lim et al., 2012, Marchal et al., 2012, Davidson and Duronio, 2012, Parvy et al., 2012) GRIM (Bedoukian et al., 2009, Guo et al., 2003) Grim (Abrams, 1999, Pal et al., 2007, Xie and Birchler, 2007, Adrain, 2006, Kuranaga and Miura, 2007, Montell, 2006, Li et al., 2002, Li and Cadigan, 2008, Yan et al., 2006, Baehrecke, 2003, Gupta et al., 2010, Grzeschik et al., 2010, McBrayer et al., 2007, Ribeiro et al., 2007, Copeland et al., 2007, Temme et al., 2009, Khan et al., 2008, Liu et al., 2009, Harris et al., 2011, Shukla and Tapadia, 2011, Juhasz and Sass, 2005, Yan et al., 2004, Singh et al., 2011, Moskalev et al., 2006, Siddique et al., 2008, Gupta et al., 2007, Pushpavalli et al., 2012, Bond et al., 2008, Yoo, 2005) grm (Mohseni et al., 2009)
Name Synonym	grim (Chen et al., 1996, Higashiyama et al., 2002, Ohayon et al., 2009, Vicente-Crespo et al., 2008, Liao et al., 2008, Tsujimura et al., 2008, Kornbluth and White, 2005, Farkas and Mechler, 2000, Means et al., 2006, Vazquez-Pianzola et al., 2007, Kumar et al., 2009, Morris et al., 2006, Rewitz et al., 2009, Karlsson et al., 2010, Bulchand et al., 2010, Figeac et al., 2010, Link et al., 2007) Grim (Khan et al., 2008, McBrayer et al., 2007)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0064894
References ( 383 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 383 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 199 ) Supplementary material  ( 7 ) Review  ( 90 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 6 ) Abstract  ( 70 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Website  ( 1 ) Conference report  ( 4 ) Letter  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 23 )
	Davidson and Duronio, 2012, PLoS Genet. 8(8): e1002831 S phase-coupled e2f1 destruction ensures homeostasis in proliferating tissues. [FBrf0219273] Dekanty et al., 2012, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109(50): 20549--20554 Aneuploidy-induced delaminating cells drive tumorigenesis in Drosophila epithelia. [FBrf0220285] Ge et al., 2012, Cell Death Differ. 19(5): 839--846 Overlapping functions of microRNAs in control of apoptosis during Drosophila embryogenesis. [FBrf0217965] Lim et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(5): e37028 Ebi/AP-1 Suppresses Pro-Apoptotic Genes Expression and Permits Long-Term Survival of Drosophila Sensory Neurons. [FBrf0218464] Lim and Fuller, 2012, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109(45): 18477--18481 Somatic cell lineage is required for differentiation and not maintenance of germline stem cells in Drosophila testes. [FBrf0219926] Marchal et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(3): e34310 The HIV-1 Vpu Protein Induces Apoptosis in Drosophila via Activation of JNK Signaling. [FBrf0218002] Parvy et al., 2012, PLoS Genet. 8(8): e1002925 Drosophila melanogaster Acetyl-CoA-Carboxylase Sustains a Fatty Acid-Dependent Remote Signal to Waterproof the Respiratory System. [FBrf0219401] Pushpavalli et al., 2012, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 22(20): 6418--6424 Imidazo-benzothiazoles a potent microRNA modulator involved in cell proliferation. [FBrf0219513] Rovani et al., 2012, Dev. Biol. 372(1): 88--102 The dREAM/Myb-MuvB complex and Grim are key regulators of the programmed death of neural precursor cells at the Drosophila posterior wing margin. [FBrf0219750] Zhai et al., 2012, PLoS Genet. 8(3): e1002582 Antagonistic regulation of apoptosis and differentiation by the cut transcription factor represents a tumor-suppressing mechanism in Drosophila. [FBrf0217859] Abdou et al., 2011, Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 41(12): 938--945 Drosophila Met and Gce are partially redundant in transducing juvenile hormone action. [FBrf0216586] Chen et al., 2011, J. Biol. Chem. 286(11): 9020--9030 E2 Ligase dRad6 Regulates DMP53 Turnover in Drosophila. [FBrf0213391] Gafuik and Steller, 2011, PLoS ONE 6(8): e23535 A Gain-of-Function Germline Mutation in Drosophila ras1 Affects Apoptosis and Cell Fate during Development. [FBrf0214698] Harris et al., 2011, Dev. Cell 20(1): 72--83 Brat Promotes Stem Cell Differentiation via Control of a Bistable Switch that Restricts BMP Signaling. [FBrf0212787] Ou et al., 2011, PLoS Biol. 9(9): e1001160 Nuclear Receptor DHR4 Controls the Timing of Steroid Hormone Pulses During Drosophila Development. [FBrf0216318] Robinson and Moberg, 2011, Cell Cycle 10(23): 4110--4118 Drosophila endocytic neoplastic tumor suppressor genes regulate Sav/Wts/Hpo signaling and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway. [FBrf0217243] Shukla and Tapadia, 2011, Europ. J. Cell Biol. 90(1): 72--80 Differential localization and processing of apoptotic proteins in Malpighian tubules of Drosophila during metamorphosis. [FBrf0212365] Singh et al., 2011, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 253(1): 14--30 Genotoxicity and apoptosis in Drosophila melanogaster exposed to benzene, toluene and xylene: Attenuation by quercetin and curcumin. [FBrf0213523] Suissa et al., 2011, J. Biol. Chem. 286(17): 15556--15564 The NAB-Brk Signal Bifurcates at JNK to Independently Induce Apoptosis and Compensatory Proliferation. [FBrf0213516] Tan et al., 2011, Development 138(11): 2197--2206 Coordinated expression of cell death genes regulates neuroblast apoptosis. [FBrf0213685] Truscott et al., 2011, Genes Dev. 25(17): 1820--1834 mir-11 limits the proapoptotic function of its host gene, dE2f1. [FBrf0215211] Winbush and Weeks, 2011, Neural Dev. 6: 15 Steroid-triggered, cell-autonomous death of a Drosophila motoneuron during metamorphosis. [FBrf0213782] Xie et al., 2011, Genetics 188(4): 823--834 Inhibition of RNA interference and modulation of transposable element expression by cell death in Drosophila. [FBrf0214636] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...