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Gene Dmel\stnA

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\stnA	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	stoned A	Annotation symbol	CG12500
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0016976
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	12 publicly available
Also Known As	stn, l(1)X-3, x-3, stn-A, X3, 8P1
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	X	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	20F3-20F3	Sequence location	X:22,382,558..22,406,483 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene stoned A is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\stnA (CG12500, FBgn0016976). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: protein binding. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: response to mechanical stimulus; synaptic vesicle transport; synaptic vesicle endocytosis; flight behavior. 27 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: multivesicular body; axon terminus; synaptic vesicle; indirect flight muscle. It has 2 annotated transcripts and 2 annotated polypeptides. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 18-24 hour embryonic stages. This gene is annotated by FlyBase as a dicistronic gene, meaning that some or all of its transcripts encode two or more polypeptide-coding open reading frames (ORFs) , with each ORF assigned to a different gene. The distribution of RNA-Seq coverage data amongst the different encoded genes cannot be determined. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, larval/adult central nervous system. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1625007_a_at aligns to a genomic region shared by exons of 2 FlyBase-annotated genes; hence it is impossible to interpret the expression pattern and levels of stnB expression signal. See the GBrowse view of stnB to determine the overlapping gene(s). Gene sequence location is X:22382558..22406483.
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	stn: stoned (J.C. Hall) Exists as temperature-sensitive behavioral, temperature-sensitive lethal, and unconditionally lethal alleles. Severe behavioral debilitation is quickly induced by shift of adult stn6 and stn7 from 25 to 29; abnormalities at high temperature include uncoordinated leg and wing movements, with complete paralysis never occurring (e.g., legs still move); stn6 causes some debilitation at 22 (slow movements, occasionally falling over); whereas stn7 is more nearly normal at low temperatures, and can even walk with difficulty at 29; at permissive temperatures, stn (allele unspecified) causes unusual jump response to light-off stimulus, which is more pronounced in combination with w (Kelly, 1983b); associated with this abnormal jumping is an increase in amplitude of light-off transient spike of electroretinogram (ERG); in tests of light-adapted mutant, the jump response, as monitored by recordings from indirect flight muscles, habituates with increasing frequencies of light-off stimulation (Kelly, 1983b); combining stn with tan, which by itself leads to decreased amplitude of ERG on and off transients, leads to loss of anomalous jumping and partial restoration of light-off spike. In biochemical experiments, stn (allele unspecified) found to cause accentuation of in vivo phosphorylation of a protein from adult head synaptosomal fractions that is modified in this way by a cAMP-dependent protein kinase, with such phosphorylation being enhanced by exposure of flies to light, prior to extraction (Kelly, 1983a). A protein, which has same molecular weight as the one noted above, found to be phosphorylated in vitro by a fly-derived Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase; stn causes increased levels of in vivo phosphorylation of this material (Kelly, 1983b). The temperature-sensitive lethal allele, stn, leads to brief paralysis, followed by sporadic movements, as a result of mechanical shocking (Homyk and Sheppard, 1977, Genetics 87: 95-104); other abnormalities include abnormally short jump and flight distances, apparent absence of on and off transients in ERG, and lethality when raised at 29. Effects of three of the lethal alleles, stn1, stn11, and stn14, were examined during development for effects on gross anatomy of CNS or PNS; no obvious abnormalities were observed (Perrimon et al., 1989).
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2012_01
FB2011_10
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 20F3-20F3
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	1-66.3 (Grigliatti et al., 1973) 1-68.5 (Homyk and Pye, 1989)
Left of (cM)	bb (Schalet, 1972)
Right of (cM)	car (Miklos et al., 1987) mal (Schalet, 1972)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\stnA for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene split based on EST/cDNA data gene_with_dicistronic_mRNA ; SO:0000722
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) stnA-RC FBtr0301618  NM_001042851   8143   850 stnA-RD FBtr0301619  NM_001042852   8269   850
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	8.4 (northern blot) (Andrews et al., 1996)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein stnA-PC   FBpp0290833   93.1   850   4.19     NP_001036316   EAA46058 stnA-PD   FBpp0290834   93.1   850   4.19     NP_001036317   ABI31011
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	850 (aa); 145 (kD observed) (Andrews et al., 1996)
Comments	Although the predicted molecular weight of the stnA protein is 93 kD, its apparent molecular weight is 145 kD. The stnA fusion protein also exhibited lower than expected mobility on SDS-PAGE. Under reducing SDS-PAGE conditions, the stnA protein migrates at 70kD. The stnA protein is highly acidic, and contains no cysteine or internal methionine residues. (Andrews et al., 1996)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA141456   AA141593   AA141714   AA142289   AABU01002757 EAA46058   AE014298 ABI31011   AE003066 AAF45340   AE003200   AI108785   AI109912   AI388323   AI404968   AI406047   AI532562   AI532922   AI533463   AI533692   BF489526   BG632529   BG637093   BG639751   BI142092   BI358319   BI367893   BI368978   BI566296   BI576693   BI586225   BI587964   BI638345   BI638793   BT011172   CO178501   CO178669   CO179410   CO188508   CO189126   CO191044   CO262294   CO263799   CO264175   CO264247   CO264779   CO265090   CO266001   CO266018   CO267776   CO268279   CO268775   CO268945   CO269022   CO269723   CO269956   CO270433   CO270891   CO271243   CO271800   CO271944   CO272166   CO273195   CO273402   CO275019   CO275429   CO275886   CO276096   CO276128   CO276193   CO278056   CO279733   CO280284   CO280398   CO280947   CO281528   CO281956   CO284589   CO285421   CO286209   CO286248   CO286944   CO288445   CO289138   CO289593   CO291601   CO291643   CO292457   CO294536   CO294849   CO294915   CO295160   CO295477   CO296503   CO297280   CO300458   CO300848   CO301773   CO302228   CO303431   CO304688   CO310180   CO315240   CO315692   CO316050   CO316193   CO316223   CO318356   CO318942   CO320331   CO320808   CO320823   CO321339   CO322659   CO322814   CO325971   CO326309   CO326933   CO327053   CO328195   CO328882   CO329271   CO330102   CO330326   CO332695   CO333165   CO334010   CO336331   CO339033   CO339323   CO339724   CO339761   CO340147   CO341811   CO342049   CO342388   CO343822   CO344057   AE014298 EAA46058   EC058536   EC064109   EC066461   EC067464   EC070204   EC071490   EC072369   EC073330   EC080958   EC083893   EC086462   EC195218   EC195813   EC196538   EC197198   EC197487   EC198813   EC201899   EC202038   EC203140   EC204925   EC207450   EC207677   EC208404   EC208901   EC209026   EC209812   EC214383   EC216129   EC216624   EC219096   EC219188   EC220362   EC221042   EC221208   EC221220   EC222137   EC222993   EC223566   EC227696   EC229811   EC234962   EC235091   EC236041   EC237181   EC238888   EC242189   EC242850   EC243375   EC248716   EC250398   EC258811   U54982 AAC16665
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	Q24211
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage     (Andrews et al., 1996)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
western blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage   adult head   (Andrews et al., 1996) adult abdomen   (Andrews et al., 1996) adult thorax   (Andrews et al., 1996)
Additional Descriptive Data
	The stnA protein is detected at high levels in the adult head, and at much lower levels in the thorax and abdomen. (Andrews et al., 1996)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0016976    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0016976 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 18-24 hour embryonic stages. This gene is annotated by FlyBase as a dicistronic gene, meaning that some or all of its transcripts encode two or more polypeptide-coding open reading frames (ORFs) , with each ORF assigned to a different gene. The distribution of RNA-Seq coverage data amongst the different encoded genes cannot be determined. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0016976 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    16 embryo 02-04hr    16 embryo 04-06hr    13 embryo 06-08hr    24 embryo 08-10hr    34 embryo 10-12hr    106 embryo 12-14hr    297 embryo 14-16hr    719 embryo 16-18hr    1121 embryo 18-20hr    1352 embryo 20-22hr    1293 embryo 22-24hr    1405 larva L1    1314 larva L2    416 larva L3 12hr old    126 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    72 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    139 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    171 white prepupae new    174 white prepupae 12hr    390 white prepupae 24hr    639 pupae 2d postWPP    1074 pupae 3d postWPP    1322 pupae 4d postWPP    995 adult male 01day    985 adult male 05day    1007 adult male 30day    913 adult female 01day    486 adult female 05day    165 adult female 30day    157 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    16 embryo 02-04hr    16 embryo 04-06hr    13 embryo 06-08hr    24 embryo 08-10hr    34 embryo 10-12hr  106 embryo 12-14hr  (297) embryo 14-16hr  (719) embryo 16-18hr  (1121) embryo 18-20hr  (1352) embryo 20-22hr  (1293) embryo 22-24hr  (1405) larva L1  (1314) larva L2  (416) larva L3 12hr old  (126) larva L3 puffstage 1-2    72 larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (139) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (171) white prepupae new  (174) white prepupae 12hr  (390) white prepupae 24hr  (639) pupae 2d postWPP  (1074) pupae 3d postWPP  (1322) pupae 4d postWPP  (995) adult male 01day  (985) adult male 05day  (1007) adult male 30day  (913) adult female 01day  (486) adult female 05day  (165) adult female 30day  (157) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    16 embryo 02-04hr    16 embryo 04-06hr    13 embryo 06-08hr    24 embryo 08-10hr    34 embryo 10-12hr    106 embryo 12-14hr    297 embryo 14-16hr    719 embryo 16-18hr    1121 embryo 18-20hr    1352 embryo 20-22hr    1293 embryo 22-24hr  1405 larva L1    1314 larva L2    416 larva L3 12hr old    126 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    72 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    139 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    171 white prepupae new    174 white prepupae 12hr    390 white prepupae 24hr    639 pupae 2d postWPP    1074 pupae 3d postWPP    1322 pupae 4d postWPP    995 adult male 01day    985 adult male 05day    1007 adult male 30day    913 adult female 01day    486 adult female 05day    165 adult female 30day    157 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    16 embryo 02-04hr    16 embryo 04-06hr    13 embryo 06-08hr    24 embryo 08-10hr    34 embryo 10-12hr    106 embryo 12-14hr    297 embryo 14-16hr    719 embryo 16-18hr    1121 embryo 18-20hr    1352 embryo 20-22hr    1293 embryo 22-24hr    1405 larva L1    1314 larva L2    416 larva L3 12hr old    126 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    72 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    139 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    171 white prepupae new    174 white prepupae 12hr    390 white prepupae 24hr    639 pupae 2d postWPP    1074 pupae 3d postWPP    1322 pupae 4d postWPP    995 adult male 01day    985 adult male 05day    1007 adult male 30day    913 adult female 01day    486 adult female 05day    165 adult female 30day    157 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    16 embryo 02-04hr    16 embryo 04-06hr    13 embryo 06-08hr    24 embryo 08-10hr    34 embryo 10-12hr    106 embryo 12-14hr    297 embryo 14-16hr    719 embryo 16-18hr    1121 embryo 18-20hr    1352 embryo 20-22hr    1293 embryo 22-24hr    1405 larva L1    1314 larva L2    416 larva L3 12hr old    126 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    72 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    139 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    171 white prepupae new    174 white prepupae 12hr    390 white prepupae 24hr    639 pupae 2d postWPP    1074 pupae 3d postWPP    1322 pupae 4d postWPP    995 adult male 01day    985 adult male 05day    1007 adult male 30day    913 adult female 01day    486 adult female 05day    165 adult female 30day    157 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0016976 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    16 embryo 02-04hr    16 embryo 04-06hr    13 embryo 06-08hr    24 embryo 08-10hr    34 embryo 10-12hr    106 embryo 12-14hr    297 embryo 14-16hr    719 embryo 16-18hr    1121 embryo 18-20hr    1352 embryo 20-22hr    1293 embryo 22-24hr    1405 larva L1    1314 larva L2    416 larva L3 12hr old    126 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    72 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    139 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    171 white prepupae new    174 white prepupae 12hr    390 white prepupae 24hr    639 pupae 2d postWPP    1074 pupae 3d postWPP    1322 pupae 4d postWPP    995 adult male 01day    985 adult male 05day    1007 adult male 30day    913 adult female 01day    486 adult female 05day    165 adult female 30day    157 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    16 embryo 02-04hr    16 embryo 04-06hr    13 embryo 06-08hr    24 embryo 08-10hr    34 embryo 10-12hr  106 embryo 12-14hr  (297) embryo 14-16hr  (719) embryo 16-18hr  (1121) embryo 18-20hr  (1352) embryo 20-22hr  (1293) embryo 22-24hr  (1405) larva L1  (1314) larva L2  (416) larva L3 12hr old  126 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    72 larva L3 puffstage 3-6  139 larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (171) white prepupae new  (174) white prepupae 12hr  (390) white prepupae 24hr  (639) pupae 2d postWPP  (1074) pupae 3d postWPP  (1322) pupae 4d postWPP  (995) adult male 01day  (985) adult male 05day  (1007) adult male 30day  (913) adult female 01day  (486) adult female 05day  (165) adult female 30day  (157) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    16 embryo 02-04hr    16 embryo 04-06hr    13 embryo 06-08hr    24 embryo 08-10hr    34 embryo 10-12hr    106 embryo 12-14hr    297 embryo 14-16hr    719 embryo 16-18hr    1121 embryo 18-20hr    1352 embryo 20-22hr    1293 embryo 22-24hr  1405 larva L1    1314 larva L2    416 larva L3 12hr old    126 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    72 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    139 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    171 white prepupae new    174 white prepupae 12hr    390 white prepupae 24hr    639 pupae 2d postWPP    1074 pupae 3d postWPP    1322 pupae 4d postWPP    995 adult male 01day    985 adult male 05day    1007 adult male 30day    913 adult female 01day    486 adult female 05day    165 adult female 30day    157 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    16 embryo 02-04hr    16 embryo 04-06hr    13 embryo 06-08hr    24 embryo 08-10hr    34 embryo 10-12hr    106 embryo 12-14hr    297 embryo 14-16hr    719 embryo 16-18hr    1121 embryo 18-20hr    1352 embryo 20-22hr    1293 embryo 22-24hr    1405 larva L1    1314 larva L2    416 larva L3 12hr old    126 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    72 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    139 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    171 white prepupae new    174 white prepupae 12hr    390 white prepupae 24hr    639 pupae 2d postWPP    1074 pupae 3d postWPP    1322 pupae 4d postWPP    995 adult male 01day    985 adult male 05day    1007 adult male 30day    913 adult female 01day    486 adult female 05day    165 adult female 30day    157 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    16 embryo 02-04hr    16 embryo 04-06hr    13 embryo 06-08hr    24 embryo 08-10hr    34 embryo 10-12hr    106 embryo 12-14hr    297 embryo 14-16hr    719 embryo 16-18hr    1121 embryo 18-20hr    1352 embryo 20-22hr    1293 embryo 22-24hr    1405 larva L1    1314 larva L2    416 larva L3 12hr old    126 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    72 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    139 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    171 white prepupae new    174 white prepupae 12hr    390 white prepupae 24hr    639 pupae 2d postWPP    1074 pupae 3d postWPP    1322 pupae 4d postWPP    995 adult male 01day    985 adult male 05day    1007 adult male 30day    913 adult female 01day    486 adult female 05day    165 adult female 30day    157 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data for FBgn0016976    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales max expr for FBgn0016976 Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, larval/adult central nervous system. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (1000 - 25000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0016976 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    743.525 Larval Midgut    11.5 Larval Hindgut    5.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2.8 Larval Fat Body    5 Larval Salivary Gland    7.3 Larval Trachea no informative data Larval Carcass no informative data Adult Head    656 Adult Eye    1047 Adult Brain    1963.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    2260.7 Adult Crop    8.7 Adult Midgut    8.6 Adult Hindgut    8.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.4 Adult Fat Body    16 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    11.35 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca no informative data Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    10.8 Adult Ovary    2.9 Adult Testis    2.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    9.3 Adult Carcass    45 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (743.525) Larval Midgut    11.5 Larval Hindgut    5.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2.8 Larval Fat Body    5 Larval Salivary Gland    7.3 Larval Trachea no informative data Larval Carcass no informative data Adult Head  (656) Adult Eye  (1047) Adult Brain  (1963.5) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (2260.7) Adult Crop    8.7 Adult Midgut    8.6 Adult Hindgut    8.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.4 Adult Fat Body    16 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    11.35 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca no informative data Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    10.8 Adult Ovary    2.9 Adult Testis    2.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    9.3 Adult Carcass    45 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    743.525 Larval Midgut    11.5 Larval Hindgut    5.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2.8 Larval Fat Body    5 Larval Salivary Gland    7.3 Larval Trachea no informative data Larval Carcass no informative data Adult Head    656 Adult Eye  1047 Adult Brain  (1963.5) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (2260.7) Adult Crop    8.7 Adult Midgut    8.6 Adult Hindgut    8.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.4 Adult Fat Body    16 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    11.35 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca no informative data Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    10.8 Adult Ovary    2.9 Adult Testis    2.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    9.3 Adult Carcass    45 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    743.525 Larval Midgut    11.5 Larval Hindgut    5.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2.8 Larval Fat Body    5 Larval Salivary Gland    7.3 Larval Trachea no informative data Larval Carcass no informative data Adult Head    656 Adult Eye    1047 Adult Brain    1963.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    2260.7 Adult Crop    8.7 Adult Midgut    8.6 Adult Hindgut    8.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.4 Adult Fat Body    16 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    11.35 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca no informative data Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    10.8 Adult Ovary    2.9 Adult Testis    2.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    9.3 Adult Carcass    45 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0016976 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    743.525 Larval Midgut    11.5 Larval Hindgut    5.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2.8 Larval Fat Body    5 Larval Salivary Gland    7.3 Larval Trachea no informative data Larval Carcass no informative data Adult Head    656 Adult Eye    1047 Adult Brain    1963.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    2260.7 Adult Crop    8.7 Adult Midgut    8.6 Adult Hindgut    8.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.4 Adult Fat Body    16 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    11.35 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca no informative data Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    10.8 Adult Ovary    2.9 Adult Testis    2.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    9.3 Adult Carcass    45 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  743.525 Larval Midgut    11.5 Larval Hindgut    5.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2.8 Larval Fat Body    5 Larval Salivary Gland    7.3 Larval Trachea no informative data Larval Carcass no informative data Adult Head  656 Adult Eye  (1047) Adult Brain  (1963.5) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (2260.7) Adult Crop    8.7 Adult Midgut    8.6 Adult Hindgut    8.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.4 Adult Fat Body    16 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    11.35 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca no informative data Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    10.8 Adult Ovary    2.9 Adult Testis    2.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    9.3 Adult Carcass    45 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    743.525 Larval Midgut    11.5 Larval Hindgut    5.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2.8 Larval Fat Body    5 Larval Salivary Gland    7.3 Larval Trachea no informative data Larval Carcass no informative data Adult Head    656 Adult Eye  1047 Adult Brain  (1963.5) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (2260.7) Adult Crop    8.7 Adult Midgut    8.6 Adult Hindgut    8.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.4 Adult Fat Body    16 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    11.35 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca no informative data Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    10.8 Adult Ovary    2.9 Adult Testis    2.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    9.3 Adult Carcass    45 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    743.525 Larval Midgut    11.5 Larval Hindgut    5.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    2.8 Larval Fat Body    5 Larval Salivary Gland    7.3 Larval Trachea no informative data Larval Carcass no informative data Adult Head    656 Adult Eye    1047 Adult Brain    1963.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    2260.7 Adult Crop    8.7 Adult Midgut    8.6 Adult Hindgut    8.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    5.4 Adult Fat Body    16 Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart    11.35 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca no informative data Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    10.8 Adult Ovary    2.9 Adult Testis    2.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    9.3 Adult Carcass    45 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea no informative data Larval Carcass no informative data Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland no informative data Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca no informative data Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    656   NA  Eye    1047   NA  Brain    1963.5   743.525  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    2260.7   NA  Crop    8.7   11.5  Midgut    8.6   5.8  Hindgut    8.3   2.8  Malpighian Tubules    5.4   5  Fat Body    16   7.3  Salivary Gland    no informative data   NA  Heart    11.35   no informative data  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    no informative data   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    10.8   NA  Ovary    2.9   NA  Testis    2.1   NA  Male Accessory Gland    9.3   no informative data  Carcass    45 modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_14
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0016976
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal stnA1 stnA12 stnAVE814 lethal | embryonic stage | recessive stnA3 stnA12 stnA14 lethal | larval stage | recessive stnA11 lethal | recessive stnA2 stnA5 stnA12 stnA16-1-49 stnAM134 stnAM163 stnAR-1-10 stnAS64 lethal | recessive | heat sensitive stnA15 semi-lethal | recessive stnA1 viable stnA15 Other Phenotypes Allele bang sensitive stnA1 stnA6 stnA15 behavior defective stnA7 behavior defective | heat sensitive stnA6 stnA7 behavior defective | recessive stnA1 stnA5 stnA12 stnAR-1-10 stnAS64 behavior defective | recessive | heat sensitive stnA6 stnA7 stnA15 jumping defective stnA1 stnA6 stnA15 locomotor behavior defective stnA1 locomotor behavior defective | heat sensitive stnA6 stnA7 neuroanatomy defective stnA15 neuroanatomy defective | larval stage stnA7 neurophysiology defective stnA6 stnA12 stnA15 neurophysiology defective | embryonic stage | recessive stnA3 neurophysiology defective | larval stage stnA7 paralytic | recessive stnA15 uncoordinated stnA1 stnA6 stnA15 uncoordinated | embryonic stage | recessive stnA3 stnA12 stnA14 uncoordinated | heat sensitive stnA6 stnA7 Phenotype manifest in Allele axon terminus stnA12 stnA14 stnA15 stnA3 indirect flight muscle stnA6 multivesicular body stnA12 stnA14 stnA15 stnA3 synaptic vesicle stnA12 stnA14 stnA15 stnA3
Classical Alleles ( 21 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of stnA Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion stnA15 ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes stnA1 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 1 Yes stnA3 ethyl methanesulfonate 1 -- stnA5 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 1 -- stnABG01268 1 -- stnAMB04192 1 -- stnA11 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- stnA12 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence spontaneous 0 Yes stnA14 0 -- stnA16-1-49 0 -- stnA2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- stnA4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- stnA6 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes stnA7 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes stnA8 X ray 0 -- stnA9 X ray 0 -- stnAM134 methyl methanesulfonate 0 -- stnAM163 methyl methanesulfonate 0 -- stnAR-1-10 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- stnAS64 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 0 Yes stnAVE814 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 6 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of stnA Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion stnAScer\UAS.cEa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 3 Yes stnAAB.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes stnAKK113740 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes stnA6.uORF.Act5C.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes stnAAct5C.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes stnAuORF.Act5C.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(1)13C3 (Schalet and Lefevre, 1973) Df(1)15-13 (Munoz, 2003.12.10) Df(1)16-1-79 (Munoz, 2004.1.5) Df(1)16-1-88 (Munoz, 2004.1.5) Df(1)16-2-3 (Munoz, 2004.1.5) Df(1)16-3-20 (Munoz, 2003.12.10) Df(1)16-3-93 (Munoz, 2003.12.10) Df(1)16-3-129 (Munoz, 2004.1.5) Df(1)16-3-211 (Munoz, 2003.12.10) Df(1)17-19 (Munoz, 2004.1.5) Df(1)17-137 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981, Perrimon et al., 1989, Kramers et al., 1991) Df(1)17-196 (Munoz, 2003.12.10) Df(1)17-228 (Munoz, 2004.1.5) Df(1)17-244 (Munoz, 2004.1.5) Df(1)17-369 (Munoz, 2004.1.5) Df(1)17-401 (Munoz, 2004.1.5) Df(1)17-408 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)17-412 (Munoz, 2004.1.5) Df(1)17-439 (Munoz, 2004.1.5, Schalet and Lefevre, 1973, Munoz, 1992) Df(1)17-489 (Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)18-6 (Munoz, 2003.12.10) Df(1)18-36 (Munoz, 2004.1.5) Df(1)18-61 (Munoz, 2004.1.5) Df(1)18-74 (Munoz, 2004.1.5) Df(1)19-2 (Munoz, 2004.1.5) Df(1)19-18 (Munoz, 2003.12.10, Munoz, 2004.1.5) Df(1)30A (Zusman et al., 1985, Petrovich et al., 1993) Df(1)46-1 (Zusman et al., 1985) Df(1)127 (Paradi et al., 1983) Df(1)136 (Paradi et al., 1983) Df(1)167 (Paradi et al., 1983) Df(1)217 (Paradi et al., 1983) Df(1)A19 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1968, Lifschytz and Falk, 1969) Df(1)A33 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1969) Df(1)A129 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1968) Df(1)A161 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1968) Df(1)A209 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1968, Lifschytz and Falk, 1969, Rahman and Lindsley, 1980, Rahman and Lindsley, 1981, Zusman et al., 1985) Df(1)A211 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1968) Df(1)B18 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1968) Df(1)B47 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1968) Df(1)B82 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1968, Lifschytz and Falk, 1969) Df(1)B85 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1968) Df(1)B99 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1968) Df(1)B111 (Munoz, 2004.1.5, Lifschytz and Falk, 1968, Lifschytz and Falk, 1969) Df(1)B155 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1969) Df(1)B182 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1968) Df(1)B199 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1968) Df(1)B225 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1968) Df(1)D43L1 (Schalet and Lefevre, 1973, Rahman and Lindsley, 1981, Paradi et al., 1983, Kramers et al., 1983, Perrimon et al., 1989, Kramers et al., 1991) Df(1)DCB1-35b (Schalet and Lefevre, 1973, Zusman et al., 1985, Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)EA113 (Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)GA22 (Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)GA40 (Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)GA42 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1980, Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)HF359 (Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989, Andrews et al., 1996) Df(1)HM5 (Kramers et al., 1983) Df(1)HM8 (Kramers et al., 1983) Df(1)HM45 (Kramers et al., 1983) Df(1)HM47 (Kramers et al., 1983) Df(1)HM407 (Kramers et al., 1983) Df(1)HM418 (Kramers et al., 1983) Df(1)HM422 (Kramers et al., 1983) Df(1)HM430 (Stimson et al., 1998, Fergestad et al., 1999, Kramers et al., 1983, Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)HM444 (Kramers et al., 1983) Df(1)HM455 (Kramers et al., 1983) Df(1)JA21 (Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)JC4 (Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989, Miklos and de Couet, 1990) Df(1)JC12 (Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)LB7 (Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)LB23 (Schalet and Lefevre, 1973, Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)mal3 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981, Kramers et al., 1983, Kramers et al., 1991) Df(1)mal12 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1980, Rahman and Lindsley, 1981, Paradi et al., 1983, Zusman et al., 1985) Df(1)n17-8 (Munoz, 2004.1.5) Df(1)N77 (Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)PC1 (Zusman et al., 1985) Df(1)Q219 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1969) Df(1)Q408 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1969) Df(1)R1 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R2 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R3 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R4 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R5 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R7 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R9 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R10 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R-10-5 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1969) Df(1)R11 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R12 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R13 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R14 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R15 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R19 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R20 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R21 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R22 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R23 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R24 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R25 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1980, Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R26 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R27 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R28 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R29 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R30 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R31 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R32 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R33 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R34 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R35 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R36 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R37 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R38 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R39 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R40 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R41 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R42 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R43 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R44 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1980, Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R45 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R46 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R47 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R48 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)Sp20A-F (Schalet, 1986) Df(1)su(f)4B (Kramers et al., 1983, Kramers et al., 1991) Df(1)su(f)724 (Lifschytz and Yakobovitz, 1978) Df(1)su(f)754 (Lifschytz and Yakobovitz, 1978) Df(1)su(f)795 (Lifschytz and Yakobovitz, 1978) Df(1)su(f)7009 (Lifschytz and Yakobovitz, 1978) Df(1)su(f)5 (Schalet and Lefevre, 1973) Df(1)T101 (Paradi et al., 1983) Df(1)T103 (Paradi et al., 1983) Df(1)T105 (Paradi et al., 1983) Df(1)T110 (Paradi et al., 1983) Df(1)T123 (Paradi et al., 1983) Df(1)T124 (Paradi et al., 1983) Df(1)T136 (Paradi et al., 1983) Df(1)T137 (Paradi et al., 1983) Df(1)T138 (Paradi et al., 1983) Df(1)wl-2 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1969) Df(1)y-X5 (Schalet and Lefevre, 1973, Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Dp(1;Y)y+mal126 (Lifschytz and Yakobovitz, 1978)
Duplicated in	Dp(1;f)3 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981, Perrimon et al., 1989) Dp(1;f)mini2 (Perrimon et al., 1989) Dp(1;f)mini6 (Perrimon et al., 1989) Dp(1;f)mini77 (Perrimon et al., 1989, Miklos and de Couet, 1990) Dp(1;f)mini-ring (Perrimon et al., 1989) Dp(1;Y)B101 (Perrimon et al., 1989) Dp(1;Y)BS (Schalet and Lefevre, 1973, Kramers et al., 1983, Perrimon et al., 1989, Kramers et al., 1991) Dp(1;Y)BSYy+ (Munoz, 2004.1.5, Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Dp(1;Y)mal+ (Lifschytz and Falk, 1968, Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Dp(1;Y)y+mal102 (Perrimon et al., 1989) Dp(1;Y)y+mal106 (Miklos and de Couet, 1990) Dp(1;Y)y+mal108 (Schalet and Lefevre, 1973) Dp(1;Y)y+mal126 (Schalet and Lefevre, 1973, Rahman and Lindsley, 1981, Kramers et al., 1983, Perrimon et al., 1989, Miklos and de Couet, 1990, Kramers et al., 1991) Dp(1;Y)y+mal171 (Perrimon et al., 1989) Dp(1;Y)y+mal+ (Stimson et al., 1998, Lefevre, 1981) Ts(1Rt;YLt)B108 (Perrimon et al., 1989) Ts(1Rt;YLt)B109 (Perrimon et al., 1989) Ts(1Rt;YLt)B154 (Perrimon et al., 1989)
Not disrupted in	Df(1)2/19B (Perrimon et al., 1989, Miklos and de Couet, 1990) Df(1)16-1-80 (Munoz, 2003.12.10) Df(1)16-2-13 (Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)16-3-22 (Miklos et al., 1987) Df(1)16-3-34 (Munoz, 2003.12.10) Df(1)16-3-35 (Munoz, 2004.1.5, Paradi et al., 1983, Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989, Kramers et al., 1991) Df(1)16-3-139 (Munoz, 2004.1.5) Df(1)16-129 (Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989, Miklos and de Couet, 1990) Df(1)16-185 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)17-25 (Munoz, 2004.1.5) Df(1)17-87 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1980, Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)17-148 (Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)17-257 (Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989, Miklos and de Couet, 1990) Df(1)17-351 (Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989, Miklos and de Couet, 1990) Df(1)17-454 (Munoz, 2004.1.5) Df(1)17-466 (Schalet and Lefevre, 1973) Df(1)18-76 (Munoz, 2004.1.5) Df(1)26B (Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)120 (Paradi et al., 1983) Df(1)156 (Paradi et al., 1983) Df(1)208 (Paradi et al., 1983) Df(1)216 (Paradi et al., 1983) Df(1)218 (Paradi et al., 1983) Df(1)228 (Paradi et al., 1983) Df(1)A33 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1968) Df(1)A53 (Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)A58 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1968, Lifschytz and Falk, 1969) Df(1)A118 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1968, Lifschytz and Falk, 1969, Lifschytz and Yakobovitz, 1978, Paradi et al., 1983, Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989, Kramers et al., 1991) Df(1)A122 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1968, Lifschytz and Falk, 1969) Df(1)A200 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1968) Df(1)B12 (Munoz, 2004.1.5, Lifschytz and Falk, 1968, Lifschytz and Falk, 1969, Lifschytz and Yakobovitz, 1978) Df(1)B56 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1968, Lifschytz and Falk, 1969) Df(1)B57 (Munoz, 2004.1.5, Lifschytz and Falk, 1968, Lifschytz and Falk, 1969, Lifschytz and Yakobovitz, 1978, Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989, Miklos and de Couet, 1990) Df(1)B155 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1968) Df(1)B179 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1968) Df(1)B214 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1968, Lifschytz and Falk, 1969) Df(1)B240 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1968) Df(1)B255 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1968) Df(1)B264 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1968, Lifschytz and Falk, 1969) Df(1)C74 (Perrimon et al., 1989, Miklos and de Couet, 1990) Df(1)DCB1-35c (Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)fog-1 (Munoz, 2004.1.5) Df(1)GA33 (Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)GA37 (Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)GA90 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1980, Zusman et al., 1985) Df(1)GA104 (Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989, Miklos and de Couet, 1990) Df(1)GA131 (Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)GE263 (Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989, Miklos and de Couet, 1990) Df(1)HC279 (Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)HM44 (Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989, Miklos and de Couet, 1990) Df(1)JA117 (Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989, Miklos and de Couet, 1990) Df(1)JC77 (Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989, Miklos and de Couet, 1990) Df(1)LB6 (Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)M31 (Lifschytz and Yakobovitz, 1978) Df(1)M158 (Lifschytz and Yakobovitz, 1978) Df(1)M171 (Lifschytz and Yakobovitz, 1978) Df(1)M176 (Lifschytz and Yakobovitz, 1978) Df(1)mal6 (Paradi et al., 1983, Kramers et al., 1991) Df(1)mal8 (Paradi et al., 1983, Zusman et al., 1985, Kramers et al., 1991) Df(1)mal10 (Paradi et al., 1983, Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)mal17 (Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)n20 (Munoz, 2004.1.5) Df(1)Q38 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1969) Df(1)Q539 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1969, Paradi et al., 1983, Zusman et al., 1985, Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989, Miklos and de Couet, 1990, Kramers et al., 1991) Df(1)R8 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R-9-1 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1969) Df(1)R16 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R17 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)R18 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)run1112 (Zusman et al., 1985, Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)S54 (Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989, Miklos and de Couet, 1990) Df(1)su(f)733 (Lifschytz and Yakobovitz, 1978, Andrews et al., 1996) Df(1)T2-14A (Miklos et al., 1987, Perrimon et al., 1989) Df(1)T100 (Paradi et al., 1983) Df(1)T106 (Paradi et al., 1983) Df(1)T107 (Paradi et al., 1983) Df(1)T113 (Paradi et al., 1983) Df(1)T114 (Paradi et al., 1983) Df(1)T122 (Paradi et al., 1983) Df(1)T130 (Paradi et al., 1983) Df(1)X-1 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1968, Lifschytz and Falk, 1969, Rahman and Lindsley, 1980, Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) Df(1)yl-1 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1969) Df(1)y-X15 (Rahman and Lindsley, 1980, Rahman and Lindsley, 1981, Kramers et al., 1983, Kramers et al., 1991)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{KK113740} NA P{UAS-stnA.E} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions Doc{}stnA12 NA P{GT1}stnABG01268 NA insertion of enhancer trap binary system Mi{ET1}stnBMB04192 No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 10 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 8 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
protein binding inferred from physical interaction with stnB (assigned by UniProtKB) (Phillips et al., 2000) inferred from physical interaction with Syt1 (assigned by UniProtKB) (Phillips et al., 2000)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
flight behavior inferred from mutant phenotype (Homyk and Sheppard, 1977) response to mechanical stimulus inferred from mutant phenotype (Homyk and Sheppard, 1977) synaptic vesicle endocytosis inferred from mutant phenotype (assigned by UniProtKB) (Stimson et al., 1998) synaptic vesicle transport inferred from mutant phenotype (assigned by UniProtKB) (Fergestad et al., 1999)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
endocytic vesicle inferred from direct assay (assigned by UniProtKB) (Fergestad and Broadie, 2001) plasma membrane inferred from direct assay (assigned by UniProtKB) (Fergestad and Broadie, 2001) synaptic vesicle inferred from genetic interaction with Syt1 (Phillips et al., 2000) inferred from physical interaction with Csp (Phillips et al., 2000) inferred from physical interaction with Syt1 (Phillips et al., 2000)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 2 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
neurotransmitter secretion traceable author statement (Stimson and Ramaswami, 1999) synaptic vesicle exocytosis traceable author statement (Stimson and Ramaswami, 1999)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	gene_with_dicistronic_mRNA (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003, Drosophila Heterochromatin Genome Project, 2006) nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions stnA allele Gene References stnA1 stnB (Stimson et al., 2001, Estes et al., 2003) Su(stn) (Petrovich et al., 1993) stnA6 shi (Stimson et al., 2001) stnB (Stimson et al., 2001) Syt1 (Phillips et al., 2000) stnA7 dnc (Petrovich et al., 1993, Andrews et al., 1995) shi (Petrovich et al., 1993, Andrews et al., 1995) Syt1 (Phillips et al., 2000) stnA12 stnB (Stimson et al., 2001, Estes et al., 2003) stnA15 stnB (Estes et al., 2003) Syt1 (Phillips et al., 2000) stnAAB.Scer\UAS stnB (Estes et al., 2003) unspecified Ppt1 (Buff et al., 2007) shi (Andrews et al., 1996) Su(stn) (Kelly et al., 1987) Syt1 (Fergestad and Broadie, 2001)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 78289 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0016976 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 3355164
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dere\stnA (Wall et al., 2005) Dmoj\stnA (Wall et al., 2005) Dpse\stnA (Wall et al., 2005) Dsim\stnA (Wall et al., 2005) Dyak\stnA (Wall et al., 2005)
Linkouts	OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • NV15772 LH21885 FBgn0232844 FBgn0222024 FBgn0206067 FBgn0188831 FBgn0165003 FBgn0244487 FBgn0154139 FBgn0137702 FBgn0120339 FBgn0109725 FBgn0099153 CPIJ006302 ACYPI009917 GB11378 AGAP000364 AAEL000251 PB21948 PHUM229850 GLEAN_07751
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 12 )
Bloomington	7486 stnA3/FM6 9649 P{UAS-stnA.E}18, w1118 26790 y1 w*; P{UAS-stnAB.E}2 12463 w1118 P{GT1}stnABG01268 9650 y1 w1118; P{UAS-stnA.E}19 9651 y1 w1118; P{UAS-stnA.E}20 9655 y1 w67c23; P{UAS-stnAB.E}1 8129 stnA5/FM6/Dp(1;Y)BSYy+ 4766 stnA1/Dp(1;Y)y+mal106/FM6 24572 w1118 Mi{ET1}stnBMB04192 stnAMB04192
Kyoto	101100 FM6, y31d sc8 dm1 B1 / stnA15
VDRC	v105203 P{KK113740}VIE-260B
Genomic Clones ( 0 )
cDNA Clones ( 182 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	RH38069
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	AT25571 GH08040 GH09308 GH10063 GH19180 GH24854 GH26233 RE45055 RE53763 RE55048 RH26080 RH28905 RH33303 RH35507 SD04109 SD04572 SD05284 SD05505 SD05593 SD14952 SD16092 SD20610 SD21173
Other clones	14899 29233 29567 29907 30720 30946 31487 38848 40577 55432 61824 63079 63660 70332 78343 78366 83248 97873 106998 117687 120077 121260 160538 173406 175759 183195 183207 192026 192254 214343.70 277059 CK01.41A.H7 CK01.52D.C9 CK01.62D.H9 CK01.71D.E3 CK01.80A.G4 CK01.81D.F2 CK01.88D.B2 CK01.89B.F7 CK01.91B.F5 CK01.93D.D3 CK01.94A.H4 CK01.101D.C4 CK01.109B.D8 CK01.122B.B6 CK01.143B.E11 CK01.145C.G8 CK01.145D.A12 CK01.145D.B12 CK01.146A.H5 CK01.170C.H6 CK01358 CK01771 CK02256 CK02693 EK040554 EK043111 EK050531 EK056914 EK057316 EK059327 EK062058 EK062229 EK064340 EK068527 EK070216 EK071423 EK084963 EK090809 EK092643 EK093145 EK093339 EK095703 EK097007 EK098848 EK100937 EK102527 EK104648 EK105244 EK106046 EK110013 EK110833 EK116220 EK117556 EK119043 EK119660 EK119740 EK119931 EK128624 EK135752 EK136507 EK137850 EK138314 EK140318 EK141514 EK144653 EK144714 EK151819 EK153618 EK153953 EK155537 EK157360 EK159163 EK166349 EK168941 EK178232 EK179526 EK182133 EK183708 EK185461 EK188604 EK188964 EK197806 EK197861 EK200229 EK207145 EK207832 EK207953 EK208757 EK209943 EK213836 EK216544 EK220651 EK239744 EK241438 EK245728 EK262215 EK263512 EK263921 EK264004 EK271801 EK275438 EK284052 EK288311 EK288335 EK291606 EK292408 EK294533 EK294962 EK304241 EK306108 EK308608 EN12324 EP00647 EP01622 EP03007 EP03630 EP05010 EP05631 EP08731 EP09350 EP10112 EP13216 EP13712 EP14817 EP18140 EP18609 EP22363
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0016976 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 3355164
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Andrews et al., 1996)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of
Additional comments	One or more of the processed transcripts for this gene contain(s) two non-overlapping open reading frames (ORFs). The non-overlapping ORFs are represented by stnA and stnB. (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)
Other Comments
	Rescue analysis suggests that the stnB open reading frame (ORF) encodes all vital and important functions of the dicistronic "stn" locus and that the stnA ORF encodes a dispensible protein. However, this interpretation is limited by the absence of a true null for "stn" due to partial rescue of presynaptic stnA protein by transgenically provided stnB protein. (Estes et al., 2003) Neuronal expression of a dicistronic "stn" transcript (encoding both stnA and stnB proteins) is sufficient to rescue various phenotypic defects of "stn" mutants, including lethality and defects in evoked transmitter release and syt protein localisation at the nerve terminals. In addition, neural expression of a monocistronic stnB transgene is sufficient to rescue all these defects. In contrast, neural expression of a monocistronic stnA transgene does not rescue any of the "stn" mutant phenotypes. In addition, "stn" is required for regulating normal growth and morphology of the motor terminal, and this function is also provided by a monocistronic stnB transgene. (Estes et al., 2003) "stn" mutants show a striking decrease in the size of the endo-exo-cycling synaptic vesicle pool and loss of spatial regulation of the vesicular recycling intermediates. Mutant synapses display a significant delay in vesicular membrane retrieval after depolarisation and neurotransmitter release. (Fergestad and Broadie, 2001) Expression analysis suggests that mutation in the first open reading frame, stnA, of the stoned dicistronic transcript renders the second reading frame, stnB, unreadable. (Fergestad et al., 1999) The stnA and stnB proteins are essential for the recycling of synaptic vesicle membrane and are required for the proper sorting of the syt gene product during endocytosis. (Fergestad et al., 1999) The 'stoned' locus produces a dicistronic transcript and encodes two distinct polypeptides. (Andrews et al., 1996) The stnA gene product interacts directly or indirectly with the cAMP second messenger system, synaptic membrane recycling pathway and with biogenic amine metabolism. (Petrovich et al., 1993) stnA functions either in the nervous system or in both the nervous system and the musculature, but is not required for gross neural development. Mutations at stnA show allele-specific interactions with mutations at dnc and shi. (Petrovich et al., 1993) Exists as temperature-sensitive behavioral, temperature-sensitive lethal, and unconditionally lethal alleles. Combining stnA with t, which by itself leads to decreased amplitude of ERG on and off transients, leads to loss of anomalous jumping and partial restoration of light-off spike. (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) Mutations of stnA cause abnormalities in the electroretinogram (ERG) and/or prolonged depolarization after potential (PDA). (Homyk and Pye, 1989)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_001042851 NM_001042852 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_001036316 NP_001036317 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AABU01002757 AAC16665 AAF45340 ABI31011 AE003066 AE003200 EAA46058 U54982 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 3355164 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • Q24211
Other Crossreferences
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 78289 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0016976 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0016976 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0016976 FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0016976 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 3355164 Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /hjmuller/stoned1.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 3355164 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0016976 OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • NV15772 LH21885 FBgn0232844 FBgn0222024 FBgn0206067 FBgn0188831 FBgn0165003 FBgn0244487 FBgn0154139 FBgn0137702 FBgn0120339 FBgn0109725 FBgn0099153 CPIJ006302 ACYPI009917 GB11378 AGAP000364 AAEL000251 PB21948 PHUM229850 GLEAN_07751
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 29 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	8P1 (Lefevre and Watkins, 1986, Lefevre, 1981) 20 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1968) 31 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1969) 32 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1969) CG12500 (Drosophila Heterochromatin Genome Project, 2006, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5) CG40306   l8P1 (Schalet and Singer, 1971) l(1)13-20   l(1)20Bc   l(1)X-3 (Munoz, 1992.12.16, Schalet, 1972, Paradi et al., 1983, Rahman and Lindsley, 1980) lR9-10 (Schalet and Singer, 1971) ORF1 (Smith et al., 1997) sesC   stn (Narayanan and Ramaswami, 2001, Ramaswami et al., 1997, Phillips et al., 1997, Miklos and de Couet, 1990, Miklos and Cotsell, 1990, Miklos et al., 1987, Kelly, 1983, O'Hare et al., 2002, ) stn-A (Kelly, 1996.4.14, Burden and Osheroff, 1999) STNA (Smith et al., 1997, Smith and Kelly, 1996, Mohrmann et al., 2008) stnA (Wall et al., 2005, Kelly and Phillips, 2005, Pinto and Krishnan, 2009.2.19, Anaka et al., 2008) unnamed (Schalet and Lefevre, 1973) x-3 (Munoz, 1992) X3 (Kramers et al., 1991, Kramers et al., 1983) X-3 (Schalet, 1986, Paradi et al., 1983, Rahman and Lindsley, 1981) X-43 (Lifschytz, 1978)
Name Synonym	section 20 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1968) section 31 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1969) section 32 (Lifschytz and Falk, 1969) stoned (Hirst and Robinson, 1998, Blumenthal, 1998, ) stoned A (Korey et al., 2007) stonedA (Buff et al., 2007) stress-sensitive-C
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBan0012500 FBgn0003533 FBgn0058306 FBgn0063778
References ( 79 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 79 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 43 ) Supplementary material  ( 1 ) Review  ( 10 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 10 ) Abstract  ( 11 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 ) Book  ( 1 )
Recent research papers (0)
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Recent reviews (0)
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