FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\lok

CALCIUM/CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES -: The Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent kinase family are serine/threonine kinases which, in general, prefer substrates containing basic residues. Many, but not all, members are regulated by calcium or calmodulin. (Adapted from FBrf0132098).

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

May have a role in germline establishment.

(UniProt, O61267)

Summary (Interactive Fly)

homolog of mammalian Chk2 - a serine/threonine kinase required required for DNA damage-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis - tRNA processing defects induce replication stress and Chk2-dependent disruption of piRNA transcription

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\lok or the JBrowse view of Dmel\lok for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.44

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.52

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

lok-RA

FBtr0081328

NM_057871

2231

476

lok-RB

FBtr0081329

NM_057870

2105

459

lok-RC

FBtr0081330

NM_165318

2163

459

lok-RD

FBtr0306234

NM_001259171

2310

284

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

2.2 (northern blot)

(Oishi et al., 1998)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

RefSeq ID

GenBank

lok-PA

FBpp0080860

54.3

476

9.54

NP_477219

AAF53867

lok-PB

FBpp0080861

52.3

459

9.39

NP_477218

AAN11062

lok-PC

FBpp0080862

52.3

459

9.39

NP_724241

AAN11063

lok-PD

FBpp0297344

32.5

284

9.64

NP_001246100

AFH03774

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

459 aa isoforms: lok-PB, lok-PC

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

476, 459 (aa); 56, 54 (kD predicted)

(Oishi et al., 1998)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\lok using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

lok_1

Linkouts

Gene Ontology (23 terms)

Molecular Function (4 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

protein kinase activity

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by BHF-UCL )

(Peters et al., 2002)

tau-protein kinase activity

inferred from direct assay

(Iijima-Ando et al., 2010)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

ATP binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000719, InterPro:IPR002290, InterPro:IPR017441

(assigned by InterPro )

(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)

protein serine/threonine kinase activity

non-traceable author statement

(assigned by UniProt )

(Oishi et al., 1998)

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002389571

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

Biological Process (17 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (15 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Akdemir et al., 2007)

apoptotic process

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Wichmann et al., 2006)

cellular response to DNA damage stimulus

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Ma et al., 2016, Takada et al., 2003)

cellular response to gamma radiation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(assigned by BHF-UCL )

(Peters et al., 2002)

cellular response to X-ray

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Ma et al., 2016)

DNA damage checkpoint

inferred from mutant phenotype

(LaRocque et al., 2007, Xu et al., 2001)

ectopic germ cell programmed cell death

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Bakhrat et al., 2010)

germ cell development

inferred from expression pattern

(assigned by UniProt )

(Oishi et al., 1998)

intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator

inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:Q8IMZ4

(assigned by BHF-UCL )

(Peters et al., 2002)

intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Xu et al., 2001)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(assigned by BHF-UCL )

(Peters et al., 2002)

mitotic DNA damage checkpoint

inferred from direct assay

(Sakurai et al., 2011)

oocyte karyosome formation

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Hus1-like; FB:FBgn0026417

(Peretz et al., 2009)

positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity

inferred from mutant phenotype

(assigned by BHF-UCL )

(Peters et al., 2002)

positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

inferred from mutant phenotype

(assigned by BHF-UCL )

(Peters et al., 2002)

regulation of DNA repair

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Brodsky et al., 2004)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

mitotic DNA damage checkpoint

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002389571

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

protein phosphorylation

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000719, InterPro:IPR008271

(assigned by InterPro )

(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)

non-traceable author statement

(assigned by UniProt )

(Oishi et al., 1998)

signal transduction in response to DNA damage

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002389571

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

Cellular Component (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProt )

(Oishi et al., 1998)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

cytoplasm

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002389571

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

nucleus

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002389571

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

Expression Data

Expression Summary Ribbons

Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.

For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

pole plasm

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism

• pole plasm

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 2 -- 5

organism | anterior

Comment: diffuse anterior enrichment

(Lecuyer et al., 2007)

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)

central brain anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)

dorsal ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism

Comment: rapidly degraded

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism | gap expression pattern

(Fisher et al., 2012)

pole cell

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

visual anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)

antennal anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)

dorsal head epidermis anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 7 -- 8

antennal anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

central brain anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

dorsal head epidermis anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

visual anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

dorsal ectoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

pole cell

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral ectoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

germline cell

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral ectoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral nerve cord primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

anterior midgut primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

central brain primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

foregut primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

germline cell

(Fisher et al., 2012)

hindgut proper primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

posterior midgut primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

embryonic brain

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic hindgut

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic/larval midgut

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic/larval nervous system

(Fisher et al., 2012)

germline cell

(Fisher et al., 2012)

gonad

(Fisher et al., 2012)

northern blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 2

organism | ubiquitous

(Oishi et al., 1998)

embryonic stage 1 -- 9

organism

(Oishi et al., 1998)

embryonic stage 3 -- 17

pole cell

(Oishi et al., 1998)

oogenesis & adult stage | female

ovary

(Oishi et al., 1998)

adult stage oogenesis stage S2 -- S14

nurse cell

(Oishi et al., 1998)

Additional Descriptive Data

lok expression in early embryos is diffusely concentrated at the anterior end of the embryo.

(Lecuyer et al., 2007)

lok transcripts are detected strongly in ovaries and in early embryos on northern blots. lok transcripts are detected from very early in oogenesis. They are first observed in region 2 of the germarium in a patchy pattern and in region 3 are localized to a single spot which may be the oocyte. From stage S2, strong staining is observed in the oocyte and weaker expression is seen in the cytoplasm of the nurse cells. By stage S8, the staining is localized to the anterior edge of the oocyte. In early cleavage stage embryos, lok transcri ts are strongly expressed throughout the embryo with a slight anterior-posterior gradient. By stage 3, expression throughout the embryo diminishes but strong staining remains in the pole cells. Expression in the pole cells is sustained during blastoderm and gastrulation stages. Both lok transcripts are expressed in ovaries and embryos. The ratio of the short form to the long form is ~100:1 in ovaries and 1~5:1 in late embryos.

(Oishi et al., 1998)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 3 -- 4

organism | ubiquitous

(Oishi et al., 1998)

Additional Descriptive Data

lok protein is first detected in somatic and germ line cells at stage 3. By the cellular blastoderm stage, protein is no longer observed in the somatic cells. Expression in the pole cells is sustained through gastrulation and is weakly detectable after the pole cells have migrated into the abdominal cavity.

(Oishi et al., 1998)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProt )

(Oishi et al., 1998)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\lok in GBrowse 2

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\lok

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\lok

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0019686

FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies

FBgn0019686

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

CG10895-RA

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG10895

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0019686

Images

FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)

Show all FlyExpress processed images for Dmel\lok

Stages(s) 4-6
Stages(s) 7-8
Stages(s) 9-10
Stages(s) 11-12
Stages(s) 13-16

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, and Transgenic Constructs

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 5 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 16 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of lok

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of lok

Deletions and Duplications ( 2 )

Disrupted in

Df(2L)E51

(Xu et al., 2001)

Df(2L)Exel7077

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal - all die before end of embryonic stage | maternal effect

lok^E51

viable

lok^p6

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

lok^GD4190

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

lok^GD4190

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

lok^GD4190

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

lok^GD4190

Sterility

Allele

female semi-sterile, with Scer\GAL4^nos.PG, Scer\GAL4^VP16.nos.UTR, Scer\GAL4^VP16.otu

lok^GL00020

fertile

lok^p6

Other Phenotypes

Allele

cell death defective | conditional

lok^p6

chemical resistant

lok^p6

decreased cell death

lok^p6

decreased cell death | third instar larval stage

lok^p6

DNA repair defective

lok^E51

increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

lok^UASp.Tag:HA

increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4^VP16.nos.UTR

lok^UASp.Tag:HA

long lived, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PU

lok^GL00020

radiation resistant | adult stage | female

radiation sensitive

lok^p6

radiation sensitive | recessive

lok^E51

some die during embryonic stage | maternal effect

lok^E51

visible, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PU

lok^UAS.cPb

wild-type

lok^hs.PX

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

egg chamber, with Scer\GAL4^VP16.nos.UTR

lok^UASp.Tag:HA

egg chamber | oogenesis stage S8, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

lok^UASp.Tag:HA

egg chamber | oogenesis stage S8, with Scer\GAL4^VP16.nos.UTR

lok^UASp.Tag:HA

egg chamber | oogenesis stage S9, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

lok^UASp.Tag:HA

egg chamber | oogenesis stage S9, with Scer\GAL4^VP16.nos.UTR

lok^UASp.Tag:HA

embryo | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4^nos.PG, Scer\GAL4^VP16.nos.UTR, Scer\GAL4^VP16.otu

lok^GL00020

eye, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PU

lok^UAS.cPb

eye disc | conditional

lok^p6

larval neuroblast | larval stage | conditional

lok^p6

mitosis & nuclear chromosome & embryo

lok^E51

nucleus | embryonic stage

lok^E51

spindle | embryonic stage

lok^E51

wing disc | conditional

lok^p6

wing disc | third instar larval stage

lok^p6

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Download All OrthoDB Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)

Homo sapiens (Human) (18)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Hsap\CHEK2

14 of 15

Yes

Hsap\DCLK2

2 of 15

Hsap\DCLK3

2 of 15

Hsap\PSKH1

2 of 15

Yes

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (18)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Mmus\Chek2

15 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Dclk3

2 of 15

Mmus\Pskh1

2 of 15

Yes

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (17)

Rnor\Chek2

13 of 13

Yes

2 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Stk33

1 of 13

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (9)

Xtro\chek2

8 of 12

Yes

Xtro\pskh1

2 of 12

Yes

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Yes

Xtro\phkg1

1 of 12

Xtro\phkg2

1 of 12

Xtro\pnck

1 of 12

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (23)

Drer\chek2

10 of 15

Yes

Drer\dclk2a

2 of 15

Drer\pskh1

2 of 15

Yes

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

Yes

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (9)

Cele\T08D2.7

15 of 15

Yes

Cele\chk-2

14 of 15

Yes

Cele\zyg-8

2 of 15

Cele\cmk-1

1 of 15

Cele\F32D8.1

1 of 15

Yes

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (52)

Atha\AT1G49580

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT3G19100

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT3G49370

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT3G56760

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT5G24430

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CDPK1

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CDPK2

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CDPK6

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CDPK9

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CDPK19

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CIPK4

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CIPK7

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CIPK12

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CIPK13

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CIPK18

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CIPK19

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CIPK22

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CPK1

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CPK2

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CPK4

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CPK5

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CPK6

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CPK7

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CPK9

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CPK13

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CPK14

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CPK15

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CPK16

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CPK17

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CPK18

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CPK19

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CPK20

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CPK21

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CPK22

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CPK23

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CPK24

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CPK26

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CPK28

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CPK30

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CPK31

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CPK32

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CPK33

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CPK34

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CRK1

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CRK3

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\CRK

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\PEPKR1

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\PEPKR2

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\PPCK1

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\PPCK2

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\SIP4

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\SR1

1 of 9

Yes

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (7)

Scer\RAD53

9 of 15

Yes

Scer\DUN1

6 of 15

Yes

Scer\RCK1

2 of 15

Yes

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

1 of 15

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (5)

Spom\cds1

9 of 12

Yes

Spom\cmk2

2 of 12

Yes

Spom\mek1

2 of 12

Yes

Spom\srk1

2 of 12

Yes

Spom\cmk1

1 of 12

Orthologs in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091907O9 )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

AAA Syntenic Ortholog

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Drosophila melanogaster

fruit fly

Dmel\lok

Drosophila suzukii

Spotted wing Drosophila

Drosophila simulans

Drosophila sechellia

Drosophila erecta

Drosophila yakuba

Drosophila ananassae

Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura

Dpse\GA10622

Drosophila persimilis

Dper\GL26345

Drosophila willistoni

Dwil\GK18729

Drosophila virilis

Dvir\GJ18340

Drosophila mojavensis

Dmoj\GI17408

Drosophila grimshawi

Dgri\GH13656

Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091503YN )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Musca domestica

House fly

Mdoa\17023161

Glossina morsitans

Tsetse fly

Gmor\GMOY011512

Glossina morsitans

Tsetse fly

Gmor\GMOY006555

Lucilia cuprina

Australian sheep blowfly

Lcup\FF38_02891

Aedes aegypti

Yellow fever mosquito

Aaeg\AAEL007544

Anopheles darlingi

American malaria mosquito

Adar\ADAC006772

Anopheles gambiae

Malaria mosquito

Agam\AGAP009784

Anopheles gambiae

Malaria mosquito

Agam\AGAP008341

Culex quinquefasciatus

Southern house mosquito

Cqui\CPIJ009147

Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W08ZX )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Bombyx mori

Silkmoth

Bmor\BGIBMGA005370

Danaus plexippus

Monarch butterfly

Dple\DPOGS211250-PA

Heliconius melpomene

Postman butterfly

Hmel\HMEL012696

Apis florea

Little honeybee

Aflo\2199134612

Apis mellifera

Western honey bee

Amel\lok

Bombus impatiens

Common eastern bumble bee

Bimp\BIMP13959

Bombus terrestris

Buff-tailed bumblebee

Bter\15215304

Linepithema humile

Argentine ant

Lhum\LH13520

Megachile rotundata

Alfalfa leafcutting bee

Mrot\MROTU:000b78

Nasonia vitripennis

Parasitic wasp

Nvit\Nasvi2EG004752

Dendroctonus ponderosae

Mountain pine beetle

Dpod\YQE_07027

Tribolium castaneum

Red flour beetle

Tcas\TC015484

Pediculus humanus

Human body louse

Phum\PHUM016570

Rhodnius prolixus

Kissing bug

Rpro\RPRC005512

Cimex lectularius

Bed bug

Clec\CLEC005014

Acyrthosiphon pisum

Pea aphid

Apim\ACYPI004596

Zootermopsis nevadensis

Nevada dampwood termite

Znev\Znev_10672

Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X08VV )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Strigamia maritima

European centipede

Smar\SMAR003798

Tetranychus urticae

Two-spotted spider mite

Turt\tetur07g03720

Daphnia pulex

Water flea

Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_333155

Daphnia pulex

Water flea

Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_333806

Daphnia pulex

Water flea

Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_300413

Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091G0DVW )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\Sp-Chk2

Ciona intestinalis

Vase tunicate

Cint\LOC100175326

Gallus gallus

Domestic chicken

Ggal\CHEK2

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v7.1)

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (4)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

2 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Model Summary Ribbon

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 4 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

CHEK2; checkpoint kinase 2

model of breast cancer

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

model of Li-Fraumeni syndrome

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

model of osteosarcoma

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

model of prostate cancer

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

lok^UAS.cPa

exacerbates tauopathy

modeled by Hsap\MAPT^UAS.cWa

(Iijima-Ando et al., 2010)

lok^p6

ameliorates xeroderma pigmentosum

modeled by DNApol-η^Exc2.15

(Wallace et al., 2014)

Comments on Models/Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

CHEK2; checkpoint kinase 2

14 of 15

604373

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Interactions Browser

View in Interactions Browser

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

lok

enzymatic study, autoradiography, molecular weight estimation by silver staining

(Ilves et al., 2012)

lok - Mcm3

enzymatic study, autoradiography, molecular weight estimation by silver staining

(Ilves et al., 2012)

lok - Mcm6

enzymatic study, autoradiography, molecular weight estimation by silver staining

(Ilves et al., 2012)

lok - Psf2

enzymatic study, autoradiography, molecular weight estimation by silver staining

(Ilves et al., 2012)

lok - dpa

enzymatic study, autoradiography, molecular weight estimation by silver staining

(Ilves et al., 2012)

RNA-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

lok - egl

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, full identification by DNA sequencing, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(Vazquez-Pianzola et al., 2017)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

esyN Network Key:

Suppression

Enhancement

View in Interactions Browser

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

lok

enhanceable

ball

(Park and Song, 2008)

lok

suppressible

Cam

(Park and Song, 2008)

lok

suppressible

CG2003

(Park and Song, 2008)

lok

suppressible

CG6961

(Park and Song, 2008)

lok

suppressible

CG46339

(Park and Song, 2008)

lok

suppressible

E(spl)m7-HLH

(Park and Song, 2008)

lok

enhanceable

EP417

(Park and Song, 2008)

lok

suppressible

EP902

(Park and Song, 2008)

lok

suppressible

EP1618

(Park and Song, 2008)

lok

suppressible

EP2081

(Park and Song, 2008)

lok

enhanceable

EP2124

(Park and Song, 2008)

lok

suppressible

EP2161

(Park and Song, 2008)

lok

suppressible

EP2522

(Park and Song, 2008)

lok

enhanceable

grp

(Titen and Golic, 2008)

lok

suppressible

heph

(Park and Song, 2008)

lok

suppressible

JHDM2

(Park and Song, 2008)

lok

enhanceable

mei-41

(Titen and Golic, 2008)

lok

suppressible

melt

(Park and Song, 2008)

lok

suppressible

MESR4

(Park and Song, 2008)

lok

suppressible

mura

(Park and Song, 2008)

lok

suppressible

NFAT

(Park and Song, 2008)

lok

suppressible

Pino

(Park and Song, 2008)

suppressible

(Xu and Du, 2003)

suppressible

(Park and Song, 2008)

lok

suppressible

SNF4Aγ

(Park and Song, 2008)

lok

suppressible

ssp2

(Park and Song, 2008)

suppressible

(Xu and Du, 2003)

suppressible

(Park and Song, 2008)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

armi

suppressible

lok

(Atikukke et al., 2014, Orsi et al., 2010, Klattenhoff et al., 2007)

aub

suppressible

lok

(Orsi et al., 2010, Chen et al., 2007, Klattenhoff et al., 2007)

Brca2

suppressible

lok

(Klovstad et al., 2008)

cuff

suppressible

lok

(Chen et al., 2007)

CycG

suppressible

lok

(Nagel et al., 2012)

CycJ|armi

suppressible

lok

(Atikukke et al., 2014)

ddbt

suppressible

lok

(Yamaki et al., 2016)

DNApol-η

suppressible

lok

(Wallace et al., 2014)

dup

suppressible

lok

(Mehrotra et al., 2008)

grp

suppressible

lok

(Takada et al., 2003)

enhanceable

(Lee et al., 2012)

suppressible

(Bayona-Feliu et al., 2017)

jnj

suppressible

lok

(Tran et al., 2016)

MCPH1

suppressible

lok

(Rickmyre et al., 2007)

nbs

suppressible

lok

(Oikemus et al., 2006)

nopo

suppressible

lok

(Merkle et al., 2009)

okr

suppressible

lok

(Abdu et al., 2002)

p53

enhanceable

lok

(Bakhrat et al., 2010, Brodsky et al., 2004, Peters et al., 2002)

p53

suppressible

lok

(Brodsky et al., 2004, Peters et al., 2002)

RecQ5

suppressible

lok

(Sakurai et al., 2011)

rhi

suppressible

lok

(Klattenhoff et al., 2009)

Rpp30

suppressible

lok

(Molla-Herman et al., 2015)

spn-A

suppressible

lok

(Zhaunova et al., 2016)

spn-B

suppressible

lok

(Abdu et al., 2002)

spn-D

suppressible

lok

(Klattenhoff et al., 2007, Abdu et al., 2002)

squ

suppressible

lok

(Pane et al., 2007)

Wee1

suppressible

lok

(Stumpff et al., 2005, Stumpff et al., 2004)

External Data

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

61259

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0019686

InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.

35288

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

Pathways

Gene Group - Pathway Membership (FlyBase)

External Data

Linkouts

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.

O61267

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

2-54

Cytogenetic map

38B2-38B2

Sequence location

2L:20,061,422..20,064,381 [+]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

38B2-38B2

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}barr^k14014 and P{EP}neb^EP642

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

38B-38B

(Larochelle, 1997.1.31, Minami, 1997.10.2)

38B-38B

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Oishi et al., 1998, Hijal, 1997.4.17)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

2-54

(FlyBase, 2016)

2-53.9

(Comeron et al., 2012)

(Larochelle, 1997.1.31)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (6)

Bloomington

64482

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.HMC05499}attP40

78660

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TOE.GS01913}attP40

35152

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.GL00020}attP2/TM3, Sb¹

VDRC

v110342

P{KK100813}VIE-260B

v44980

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD4190}v44980

v44981

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD4190}v44981

Genomic Clones (16)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (59)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequences

BDGP DGC clones

LD27857

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0019686

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0019686

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

35288

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Takada et al., 2015, Oishi et al., 1998)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Other Information

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: lok CG10895

(Burtis, 1999.11)

Source for database merge of

Additional comments

"lok" may be allelic to "vls".

(Oishi et al., 1998)

Other Comments

Haploinsufficient locus (not associated with strong haplolethality or haplosterility).

(Cook et al., 2012)

S2 cells are treated with dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene to assess effect on proteolysis of dup and geminin genes.

(Higa et al., 2003)

dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R⁺ cell morphology.

(Kiger et al., 2003)

lok appears to be a transducer of the meiotic checkpoint that is activated by unrepaired double-strand DNA breaks.

(Abdu et al., 2002)

Mutants show defects in maintaining genome stability and are highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. Mutation in lok completely blocks DNA damage-induced apoptosis and partially blocks damage-induced cell cycle arrest.

(Xu et al., 2001)

Identification and developmental expression of lok are reported, a nuclear protein Ser/Thr kinase. The unique spatio-temporal expression pattern and structural features of lok indicate it is a novel class of nuclear protein kinases.

(Oishi et al., 1998)

lok encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase.

(Hijal, 1997.4.17)

Origin and Etymology

Discoverer

Etymology

Identification

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 64 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

35288

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

O61267

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Other crossreferences

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0019686

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0019686

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

lok_1

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG10895

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0019686

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

35288

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC015484

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

Dmel_CG10895

modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project

FBgn0019686

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.

O61267

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

61259

DPiM - Drosophila Protein interaction map

FBgn0019686

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0019686

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0019686

FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies

FBgn0019686

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

CG10895-RA

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0019686

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.

35288

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (29)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

10895

(Ravi et al., 2009)

38B.4

(Butler, 2001, Butler et al., 2001, McGill Drosophila Genome Project, 2001.9.25)

CG10895

(Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Morrison et al., 2000)

CHK-2

(Schupbach et al., 2005)

CHK2

(Merkle et al., 2009, Yamasaki et al., 2007, Katzenberger et al., 2006, Higa et al., 2003)

DmCHk2

(Lee and Orr-Weaver, 2003)

DmChk2

(Nagel et al., 2012, Bakhrat et al., 2010, Yi et al., 2008, LaRocque et al., 2007, Takada et al., 2003, Peters et al., 2002)

Dmchk2

(Xu and Du, 2003, Abdu et al., 2002, Xu et al., 2001)

Dmnk

(Iwai et al., 2002, Mahowald, 2001, Oishi et al., 1998)

Dmnk-L

(Minami, 1997.10.2)

Dmnk-S

(Minami, 1997.10.2)

Dmnk/DChk2

(de Vries et al., 2005)

LOKI/CHK2

(Morrison et al., 2000)

Lok

(Bayona-Feliu et al., 2017)

Loki

(Yadav et al., 2016)

MNK

(Lee and Orr-Weaver, 2003)

chk

(Staeva-Vieira et al., 2003)

chk-2

(Kang et al., 2018)

chk2/lok

(Cavey et al., 2005)

loki

(Ryazansky et al., 2016, Perkins et al., 2015, Farrell and O'Farrell, 2013, Merkle et al., 2009, Mehrotra et al., 2008)

mnk

(Clémot et al., 2018, Tasnim and Kelleher, 2018, Dufourt et al., 2017, Rojas-Ríos et al., 2017, Tran et al., 2016, Yamaki et al., 2016, Zhaunova et al., 2016, Barckmann et al., 2015, Breuer and Ohkura, 2015, Molla-Herman et al., 2015, Shaposhnikov et al., 2015, Atikukke et al., 2014, Hamada-Kawaguchi et al., 2014, Wallace et al., 2014, Farrell and O'Farrell, 2013, Pushpavalli et al., 2013, Loh et al., 2012, Becalska et al., 2011, Sakurai et al., 2011, Sato et al., 2011, Khurana et al., 2010, Lancaster et al., 2010, Orsi et al., 2010, Rouget et al., 2010, Benoit et al., 2009, Klattenhoff et al., 2009, McNamee and Brodsky, 2009, Merkle et al., 2009, Blumenstiel et al., 2008, Merkle and Lee, 2008, Klattenhoff et al., 2007, Merkle et al., 2007, Rickmyre et al., 2007, Rickmyre et al., 2007, Takada et al., 2007, McCaffrey et al., 2006, Oikemus et al., 2006, Wells et al., 2006, Bi et al., 2005, Brodsky et al., 2004, Stumpff et al., 2004, Brodsky, 2003.5.16, Takada et al., 2003)

Name Synonyms

Checkpoint kinase 2

(Iijima-Ando et al., 2010, Iijima et al., 2010, Merkle and Lee, 2008)

Drosophila maternal nuclear kinase

(Oishi et al., 1998)

checkpoint kinase 2

(Lee et al., 2014, Benoit et al., 2009, Katzenberger et al., 2006)

localized ovarian kinase

(Hijal, 1997.4.17)

loki

(Meltzer et al., 2019, Tasnim and Kelleher, 2018, Titen et al., 2014, Li et al., 2013, Maezawa et al., 2009, Mehrotra et al., 2008, Rickmyre et al., 2007, Tadros et al., 2007, Mukai et al., 2006, Terashima and Bownes, 2005, Larochelle, 1997.1.31)

maternal nuclear kinase

(Sakurai et al., 2011, Merkle et al., 2009, Rickmyre et al., 2007, Sekelsky et al., 2000)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

References (191)

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