FB2025_01 , released February 20, 2025
Gene: Dmel\mre11
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\mre11
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
meiotic recombination 11
Annotation Symbol
CG16928
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0020270
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
15 publicly available
Gene Summary
meiotic recombination 11 (mre11) encodes a protein involved in the mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint and telomere capping. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-26] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
32E2-32E2
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-44
RefSeq locus
NT_033779 REGION:11282090..11284335
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (16 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables 3'-5'-DNA exonuclease activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR003701
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables DNA endonuclease activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR003701
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables manganese ion binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR007281
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables single-stranded DNA endodeoxyribonuclease activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000015644
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (9 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in chromosome organization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Bi et al., 2004, Ciapponi et al., 2004)
involved_in mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Bi et al., 2005)
involved_in telomere maintenance
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Gao et al., 2009, Bi et al., 2005, Bi et al., 2004, Ciapponi et al., 2004)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (8 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in double-strand break repair via homologous recombination
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000015644
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000015644
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in double-strand break repair
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR003701, InterPro:IPR007281
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in meiotic DNA double-strand break formation
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000015644
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in mitochondrial double-strand break repair via homologous recombination
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000015644
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000015644
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in mitotic intra-S DNA damage checkpoint signaling
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000015646
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in telomere maintenance
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000015644
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of Mre11 complex
inferred from direct assay
(Gao et al., 2009)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of Mre11 complex
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000015644
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR003701
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
located_in nucleus
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR007281
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
is_active_in site of double-strand break
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000015644
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
meiotic recombination 11 (mre11) encodes a protein involved in the mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint and telomere capping. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-26]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
SINGLE-STRANDED DNA ENDONUCLEASES -
Single-stranded DNA endodeoxyribonucleases catalyze the hydrolysis of ester linkages within a single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid molecule by creating internal breaks.
3'-5' DNA EXONUCLEASES -
3'-5'-exodeoxyribonucleases catalyze the sequential degradation of double-stranded DNA acting progressively in a 3'-to-5' direction, releasing nucleoside 5'-phosphates.
MRN COMPLEX -
The MRN complex consists of the two evolutionarily conserved components (Mre11 and Rad50) and a third less-conserved component (Nbs1/Xrs2). This complex mediates telomere maintenance in addition to a variety of functions in response to DNA double-strand breaks, including homologous recombination, nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), and activation of DNA damage checkpoints. RAD50 provides ATP-dependent regulatory control of Mre11 nuclease activity by unwinding and/or repositioning DNA ends into the Mre11 active site. (Adapted from FBrf0180055 and PMID:17698079.)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\mre11 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9XYZ4)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.40

Gene model reviewed during 5.48

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
mre11-RA
FBtr0080213
NM_078823
2013
620
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
mre11-PA
FBpp0079802
69.3
620
5.81
Q9XYZ4
NP_523547
AAF53093
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\mre11 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.29

Transcript Expression
expression microarray
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
eye
(Xu et al., 2004)
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
central brain primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic brain
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval ventral nerve cord
(Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data

Eye-enriched transcripts determined by ratio of expression level in wild-type heads. versus expression level in so heads.

(Xu et al., 2004)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of Mre11 complex
inferred from direct assay
(Gao et al., 2009)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\mre11 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 14 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 12 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of mre11
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of mre11
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 3 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (1)
Hsap\MRE11
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)
Rnor\Mre11
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)
Mmus\Mre11a
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (2)
Xtro\mre11
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\plekha7
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)
Drer\mre11a
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\mre-11
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006797
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (1)
Atha\MRE11
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
Scer\MRE11
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
Spom\rad32
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:mre11. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
mre11GD4185
model of  ataxia-telangiectasia-like disorder-1
CEA
(Eidhof et al., 2023)
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
mre11HMC02995
ameliorates  cancer
modeled by NICN.UAS
(Wang et al., 2021)
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
MRE11; MRE11 homolog, double strand break repair nuclease
13 of 14
600814
Functional Complementation Data
Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
Interactions
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
esyN Network Diagram
Show/hide secondary interactors 
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
esyN Network Key:
Suppression
Enhancement
Other Interaction Browsers
View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
mre11
enhanceable
mus304
(Bi et al., 2005)
mre11
enhanceable
nbs
(Gao et al., 2009)
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
nbs
enhanceable
mre11
(Gao et al., 2009)
External Data
Linkouts
BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
Pathways
Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
Metabolic Pathways
FlyBase
External Links
External Data
Class of Gene
Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
Chromosome (arm)
2L
Recombination map
2-44
Cytogenetic map
32E2-32E2
Sequence location
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Evidence for location
32E2-32E2
Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(2)0400804008&P{PZ}cmet04431 and P{PZ}salm03602
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Notes
References
32F1-32F2
(Brodsky, 1999.3.2)
32F-32F
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
(Flores, 1997.4.18)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location

2-44

(FlyBase, 2016)

2-37.9

(Comeron et al., 2012)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Stocks and Reagents
Stocks (15)
Genomic Clones (14)
 

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (21)
 

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
     

    monoclonal

    (Bosso et al., 2019)

    polyclonal

    (Kusch, 2015, Gao et al., 2009)
    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Cell Line Information
    Publicly Available Cell Lines
     
      Other Stable Cell Lines
       
        Other Comments

        mre11 is required for the maintenance of normal telomeres.

        (Bi et al., 2004)

        mre11 mutants show a high level of spontaneous telomere fusions in larval neuroblasts.

        (Bi et al., 2004)

        Mutants show high levels of spontaneous telomere fusion and chromosome breakage in dividing cells.

        (Ciapponi et al., 2004)
        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database merge of
        Additional comments
        Nomenclature History
        Source for database identify of
        Nomenclature comments
        Etymology
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (7)
        Reported As
        Symbol Synonym
        16928
        (Ravi et al., 2009)
        CG16928
        (National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Lee et al., 2013, Ni et al., 2010.12.1)
        MRE11
        (Klucnika et al., 2023, Cenci et al., 2005, Ahmad, 2004, Flores, 1997.4.18, Flores and Engels, 1997)
        Mre11
        (Guo et al., 2024, Barrio et al., 2023, Landmann et al., 2020, Láscarez-Lagunas et al., 2020, Bosso et al., 2019, Khan et al., 2019, Murcia et al., 2019, Caridi et al., 2018, Kusch, 2015, Hong and Choi, 2013, Raffa et al., 2013, Raffa et al., 2011, Gao et al., 2009, Gao et al., 2009, Gao et al., 2008, Hochwagen, 2006, Pawlowski and Cande, 2005, Brodsky et al., 2004, Villeneuve and Hillers, 2001)
        dMre11
        (Porrazzo et al., 2022)
        mre11
        (Peng et al., 2024, Nieken et al., 2023, Cancian et al., 2022, National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Porrazzo et al., 2022, Porrazzo et al., 2022, Wang et al., 2021, Meltzer et al., 2019, Yuan et al., 2018, Sekelsky, 2017, Sarov et al., 2016, Cenci et al., 2015, Kavi et al., 2015, Mishra et al., 2013, Morciano et al., 2013, Raffa et al., 2013, Wesolowska et al., 2013, Zhang et al., 2013, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Kondo and Perrimon, 2011, Kurzhals et al., 2011, Reis et al., 2011, Zhang et al., 2011, Gao et al., 2010, Anderson et al., 2009, Morciano et al., 2009, Raffa et al., 2009, Huang et al., 2008, Musarò et al., 2008, Rong, 2008, Akdemir et al., 2007, Oikemus et al., 2007, Ciapponi et al., 2006, Oikemus et al., 2006, Bi et al., 2005, Gong et al., 2005, Rehwinkel et al., 2005)
        Name Synonyms
        meiotic recombination 11
        (Morciano et al., 2009)
        Secondary FlyBase IDs
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 48 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          Linkouts
          BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
          iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
          KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
          MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
          SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
          References (113)