FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\lush

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\lush

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

lush

Annotation Symbol

CG8807

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0020277

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

4 publicly available

Gene Summary

lush (lush) encodes a member of the odorant/pheromone-binding protein family. It is required for normal sensitivity to the male pheromone, 11-cis vaccenyl acetate. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

Obp76a, DmelObp76a

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

76B9-76B9

Sequence location

3L:19,604,398..19,606,090 [-]

Recombination map

3-45

RefSeq locus

NT_037436 REGION:19604398..19606090

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (11 terms)

Molecular Function (5 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables dibutyl phthalate binding

inferred from direct assay

(Zhou et al., 2004)

enables diphenyl phthalate binding

inferred from direct assay

(Zhou et al., 2004)

enables pheromone binding

inferred from direct assay

(Laughlin et al., 2008)

NOT enables ethanol binding

inferred from direct assay

(Zhou et al., 2004)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables dibutyl phthalate binding

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000482914

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

enables odorant binding

non-traceable author statement

(Kim and Smith, 2001)

traceable author statement

(Justice et al., 2003)

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006170, InterPro:IPR036728

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Biological Process (5 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in courtship behavior

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Ronderos and Smith, 2010)

involved_in olfactory behavior

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Kim and Smith, 2001)

inferred from direct assay

(Kim et al., 1998)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Kim et al., 1998)

involved_in response to pheromone

inferred from direct assay

(Laughlin et al., 2008)

inferred from direct assay

(Xu et al., 2005)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Xu et al., 2005)

involved_in sensory perception of smell

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Kim et al., 1998)

inferred from direct assay

(Laughlin et al., 2008)

NOT involved_in response to ethanol

inferred from direct assay

(Zhou et al., 2004)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in olfactory behavior

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000482914

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in response to ethanol

traceable author statement

(Justice et al., 2003)

involved_in sensory perception of smell

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000482914

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Cellular Component (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in extracellular region

inferred from direct assay

(Kim et al., 1998)

inferred from direct assay

(Kim and Smith, 2001)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in extracellular region

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000482914

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

ODORANT BINDING PROTEINS

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the PBP/GOBP family. (O02372)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

lush (lush) encodes a member of the odorant/pheromone-binding protein family. It is required for normal sensitivity to the male pheromone, 11-cis vaccenyl acetate. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]

Gene Group (FlyBase)

ODORANT BINDING PROTEINS -: Odorant Binding Proteins (OBP) are small (10 to 30 kDa) proteins secreted by auxiliary cells surrounding the olfactory receptor neurons. OBPs are characterized by a specific protein domain that comprises six α-helices joined by three disulfide bonds. Although the full function of the OBPs is not well established, it is believed that they may act as molecular carriers that transport odorants and deliver them to the olfactory receptors located on the sensory neurons. (Adapted from FBrf0205523).

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Odorant-binding protein required for olfactory behavior and for activity of pheromone-sensitive neurons. Binds to alcohols and mediates avoidance behavior to high concentrations of alcohols, the alcohol-binding possibly resulting in activation of receptors on T2B neurons, the activation of these receptors inhibiting these neurons. Acts in concert with Snmp and lush to capture cVA molecules on the surface of Or67d expressing olfactory dendrites and facilitate their transfer to the odorant-receptor Orco complex. Required for cVA response, probably by binding to VA. May act by serving as an adapter that bridges the presence of gaseous pheromone molecules, cVA, to activation of specific neuronal receptors expressed on T1 olfactory neurons, possibly via a specific conformational change induced by cVA that in turn activates T1 receptors. T1 neurons are excited by the pheromone VA, while T2 neurons are inhibited by alcohols. Also binds to phthalates.

(UniProt, O02372)

Summary (Interactive Fly)

olfactant-binding-protein, lipocalin family - mediates chemosensory responses to alcohols - required for normal sensitivity to the male pheromone, 11-cis vaccenyl acetate

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\lush for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry O02372)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

lush-RA

FBtr0074969

NM_079438

963

153

lush-RB

FBtr0301489

NM_001169997

940

153

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

lush-PA

FBpp0074737

17.4

153

8.61

FBpp0290704

17.4

153

8.61

O02372

NP_001163468

ACZ94739

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

153 aa isoforms: lush-PA, lush-PB

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

O02372

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\lush using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.27

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

trichoid sensillum of antennal segment 3

(Larter et al., 2016)

Additional Descriptive Data

Expressed in sensillum trichodeum in antennal segment 3. Not observed in tormogen or thecogen cells. Probably present in trichogen cells but wasn't directly demonstrated.

(Larter et al., 2016)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

antennal trichoid sensillum at1

(Shanbhag et al., 2001)

antennal trichoid sensillum T2

(Shanbhag et al., 2001)

antennal trichoid sensillum T3

(Shanbhag et al., 2001)

tormogen cell | subset

(Shanbhag et al., 2001)

trichogen cell | subset

(Shanbhag et al., 2001)

antenna

(Benton et al., 2007)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in extracellular region

inferred from direct assay

(Kim et al., 1998)

inferred from direct assay

(Kim and Smith, 2001)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: P{lush-GAL4.0.959}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

antenna

(Benton et al., 2007)

eo sensory organ accessory cell of trichoid sensillum

(Ha et al., 2014)

Reporter: P{lush-lacZ.G}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

third instar larval stage

embryonic antennal sense organ

(Galindo and Smith, 2001)

adult stage

antennal sense organ | subset

(Galindo and Smith, 2001)

chemosensory sensory organ of antenna

(Galindo and Smith, 2001)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\lush in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\lush

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\lush

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

40136/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0020277

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0020277

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0020277

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0020277

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 1 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 10 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of lush

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of lush

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 4 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 4 )

Gene disrupted in

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Inferred from location ( 7 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

viable

lush¹

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

lush^GD660

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

lush^GD660

Sterility

Allele

fertile

lush¹

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal courtship behavior

lush^t.D118A

abnormal neuroanatomy

lush¹

abnormal neurophysiology

abnormal neurophysiology | adult stage

lush¹

abnormal smell perception

lush¹

abnormal smell perception | adult stage | recessive

lush¹

decreased rate of chemosensory behavior | adult stage

lush¹

decreased rate of mating behavior

lush¹

wild-type

lush^+tKa

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

adult olfactory receptor neuron Or67d

lush¹

antennal trichoid sensillum at1

lush¹

mesothoracic neuron

lush¹

olfactory receptor neuron

lush¹

pit sensillum T1

lush¹

pit sensillum T2

lush¹

prothoracic neuron

lush¹

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (0)

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (22)

Agam\OBP4

12 of 12

Yes

Agam\OBP5

11 of 12

Yes

3 of 12

3 of 12

3 of 12

2 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:lush. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (18)

5 of 13

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

lush

suppressible

Or67d

(Ronderos and Smith, 2010)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Or67d

suppressible

lush

(Ha and Smith, 2006)

External Data

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

65406

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0020277

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

40136

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

3-45

Cytogenetic map

76B9-76B9

Sequence location

3L:19,604,398..19,606,090 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

76B9-76B9

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}MESR6^EP3142 and P{lacW}l(3)L3809^L3809

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

76C-76C

(Smith, 1997.4.29)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-45

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-42.8

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (4)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

97368

w^*; lush¹

31657

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF01450}attP2

VDRC

v102307

P{KK109528}VIE-260B

v44312

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD660}v44312

Genomic Clones (16)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (3)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

IP02720

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0020277

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0020277

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Gomez-Diaz et al., 2013)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

lush mediates both avoidance of concentrated alcohols and attraction to 11-cis vaccenyl acetate pheromone.

(Xu et al., 2005)

lush is specifically required for 11-cis vaccenyl acetate sensitivity of T1 neurons.

(Xu et al., 2005)

In contrast to FBrf0104760, which suggested that lush can modify the perception of ethanol at high concentrations (which would require some specific binding of ethanol to lush protein), no specific binding of ethanol to lush protein has been detected in studies in FBrf0174630. Instead, in FBrf0174630, it has been shown that lush protein binds some phthalates.

(Zhou et al., 2004)

lush is required for a normal olfactory response to a small subset of odorants, including ethanol.

(Kim et al., 1998)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Additional comments

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

The gene is named "lush" after the increased affinity of mutant flies for alcohol-rich environments.

(Kim et al., 1998)

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (14)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

76a

(Graham and Davies, 2002)

76c

(Galindo and Smith, 2001)

76c(LUSH)

(Smith, 2002.1.14)

CG8807

(Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Ni et al., 2008)

DmelOBP76a

(Leal, 2013)

DmelObp76a

(Vieira and Rozas, 2011, Sánchez-Gracia et al., 2009)

LUSH

(Sui et al., 2025, Ishimoto and Kamikouchi, 2021, Schmidt and Benton, 2020, Katti et al., 2013, Leal, 2013, Ziegler et al., 2013, Kiyota et al., 2011, Sankaran et al., 2011, Ader et al., 2010, Ronderos and Smith, 2010, Jin et al., 2008, Benton et al., 2007, Kalidas and Smith, 2002, Smith, 1999)

Lush

(Chai et al., 2019, Kong et al., 2010)

OBP LUSH

(Keesey and Hansson, 2022)

OBP76a

(Rihani et al., 2021, Schmidt and Benton, 2020)

Obp76a

(Keesey and Hansson, 2022, Larter et al., 2016, Menuz et al., 2014, Librado and Rozas, 2013, Martin et al., 2013, Zhou et al., 2009, Malagoli et al., 2007, Vieira et al., 2007, Hekmat-Scafe, 2002.3.5, Hekmat-Scafe et al., 2002, Shanbhag et al., 2001)

Obp76a (LUSH)

(Keesey and Hansson, 2022)

obp76a

(de Bruyne and Warr, 2006, Ha and Smith, 2006, Vosshall and Stensmyr, 2005, Xu, 2005, Xu et al., 2005)

Name Synonyms

LUSH

(Atkinson, 2021)

lush

Secondary FlyBase IDs

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 45 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

40136

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

AF001621

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

O02372

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

O02372

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

O02372

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

40136/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0020277

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0020277

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0020277

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG8807

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

40136

PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

65406

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0020277

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0020277

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0020277

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0020277

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0020277

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0020277

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

40136

References (108)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

-0.27

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