FB2021_01, released Feb 18, 2021

Gene: Dmel\lush

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\lush
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
lush
Annotation Symbol
CG8807
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0020277
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
4 publicly available
Gene Snapshot
lush (lush) encodes a member of the odorant/pheromone-binding protein family. It is required for normal sensitivity to the male pheromone, 11-cis vaccenyl acetate. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Other Summaries
Also Known As

Obp76a

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
76B9-76B9
Sequence location
3L:19,604,398..19,606,090 [-]
Recombination map

3-45

RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:19604398..19606090
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (10 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables dibutyl phthalate binding
inferred from direct assay
(Zhou et al., 2004)
enables diphenyl phthalate binding
inferred from direct assay
(Zhou et al., 2004)
NOT enables ethanol binding
inferred from direct assay
(Zhou et al., 2004)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables dibutyl phthalate binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000482914
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
enables diphenyl phthalate binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000482914
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
enables odorant binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006170
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
traceable author statement
(Justice et al., 2003)
non-traceable author statement
(assigned by UniProt )
(Kim and Smith, 2001)
Biological Process (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in courtship behavior
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ronderos and Smith, 2010)
involved_in olfactory behavior
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Kim and Smith, 2001)
inferred from direct assay
(Kim et al., 1998)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kim et al., 1998)
involved_in response to pheromone
inferred from direct assay
(Xu et al., 2005)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Xu et al., 2005)
involved_in sensory perception of smell
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kim et al., 1998)
NOT involved_in response to ethanol
inferred from direct assay
(Zhou et al., 2004)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in olfactory behavior
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000482914
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
involved_in response to ethanol
traceable author statement
(Justice et al., 2003)
involved_in sensory perception of smell
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000482914
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in extracellular region
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Kim and Smith, 2001)
inferred from direct assay
(Kim et al., 1998)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in extracellular region
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000482914
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the PBP/GOBP family. (O02372)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
ODORANT BINDING PROTEINS -
Odorant Binding Proteins (OBP) are small (10 to 30 kDa) proteins secreted by auxiliary cells surrounding the olfactory receptor neurons. OBPs are characterized by a specific protein domain that comprises six α-helices joined by three disulfide bonds. Although the full function of the OBPs is not well established, it is believed that they may act as molecular carriers that transport odorants and deliver them to the olfactory receptors located on the sensory neurons. (Adapted from FBrf0205523).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Odorant-binding protein required for olfactory behavior and for activity of pheromone-sensitive neurons. Binds to alcohols and mediates avoidance behavior to high concentrations of alcohols, the alcohol-binding possibly resulting in activation of receptors on T2B neurons, the activation of these receptors inhibiting these neurons. Acts in concert with Snmp and lush to capture cVA molecules on the surface of Or67d expressing olfactory dendrites and facilitate their transfer to the odorant-receptor Orco complex. Required for cVA response, probably by binding to VA. May act by serving as an adapter that bridges the presence of gaseous pheromone molecules, cVA, to activation of specific neuronal receptors expressed on T1 olfactory neurons, possibly via a specific conformational change induced by cVA that in turn activates T1 receptors. T1 neurons are excited by the pheromone VA, while T2 neurons are inhibited by alcohols. Also binds to phthalates.
(UniProt, O02372)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

olfactant-binding-protein, lipocalin family - mediates chemosensory responses to alcohols - required for normal sensitivity to the male pheromone, 11-cis vaccenyl acetate

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\lush for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
lush-RA
FBtr0074969
NM_079438
963
153
lush-RB
FBtr0301489
NM_001169997
940
153
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
lush-PA
FBpp0074737
17.4
153
8.61
NP_524162
AAF49136
lush-PB
FBpp0290704
17.4
153
8.61
NP_001163468
ACZ94739
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

153 aa isoforms: lush-PA, lush-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\lush using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
sensillum trichodeum of antennal segment 3
(Larter et al., 2016)
Additional Descriptive Data

Expressed in sensillum trichodeum in antennal segment 3. Not observed in tormogen or thecogen cells. Probably present in trichogen cells but wasn't directly demonstrated.

(Larter et al., 2016)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
antennal sensillum trichodeum T1
(Shanbhag et al., 2001)
antennal sensillum trichodeum T2
(Shanbhag et al., 2001)
antennal sensillum trichodeum T3
(Shanbhag et al., 2001)
tormogen cell | subset
(Shanbhag et al., 2001)
trichogen cell | subset
(Shanbhag et al., 2001)
antenna
(Benton et al., 2007)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in extracellular region
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Kim and Smith, 2001)
inferred from direct assay
(Kim et al., 1998)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\lush in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 1 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 10 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of lush
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of lush
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 4 )
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Homo sapiens (Human) (0)
No records found.
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)
No records found.
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)
No records found.
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
No records found.
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
No records found.
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\C35A11.2
1 of 15
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
No records found.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
No records found.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
No records found.
Ortholog(s) in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09190I5Z )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
AAA Syntenic Ortholog
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Drosophila suzukii
Spotted wing Drosophila
Dsuz\DS10_00010982
Drosophila simulans
Dsim\Obp76a
Drosophila sechellia
Dsec\Obp76a
Drosophila erecta
Dere\Obp76a
Drosophila yakuba
Dyak\Obp76a-1
Drosophila yakuba
Dyak\Obp76a-2
Drosophila ananassae
Dana\Obp76a
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
Dpse\Obp76a
Drosophila persimilis
Dper\Obp76a
Drosophila willistoni
Dwil\Obp76a
Drosophila virilis
Dvir\Obp76a
Drosophila mojavensis
Dmoj\Obp76a
Drosophila grimshawi
Dgri\GH23896
Drosophila grimshawi
Dgri\Obp76a
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09150ESH )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Glossina morsitans
Tsetse fly
Gmor\GMOY005931
Lucilia cuprina
Australian sheep blowfly
Lcup\FF38_08335
Mayetiola destructor
Hessian fly
Mdes\Mdes015449
Mayetiola destructor
Hessian fly
Mdes\Mdes005520
Aedes aegypti
Yellow fever mosquito
Aaeg\AAEL006464
Anopheles darlingi
American malaria mosquito
Adar\ADAC006752
Anopheles darlingi
American malaria mosquito
Adar\ADAC002196
Anopheles gambiae
Malaria mosquito
Agam\OBP4
Anopheles gambiae
Malaria mosquito
Agam\OBP1
Anopheles gambiae
Malaria mosquito
Agam\OBP5
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\OBP34
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\OBP6
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\CPIJ008794
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W0ICK )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Bombyx mori
Silkmoth
Bmor\BGIBMGA008474
Bombyx mori
Silkmoth
Bmor\BGIBMGA008351
Danaus plexippus
Monarch butterfly
Dple\DPOGS207886-PA
Danaus plexippus
Monarch butterfly
Dple\DPOGS207877-PA
Danaus plexippus
Monarch butterfly
Dple\DPOGS206254-PA
Heliconius melpomene
Postman butterfly
Hmel\OBP17
Heliconius melpomene
Postman butterfly
Hmel\OBP14
Heliconius melpomene
Postman butterfly
Hmel\OBP18
Tribolium castaneum
Red flour beetle
Tcas\OBP23
Zootermopsis nevadensis
Nevada dampwood termite
Znev\Znev_13318
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X0IGA )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR001981
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR002856
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur131g00040
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur131g00020
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur19g02620
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( None identified )
No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
orthoMCL
Panther
RoundUp
Alignment
Obp19a
3 of 10
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Model Summary Ribbon
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Interactions Browser
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    esyN Network Key:
    Suppression
    Enhancement
    View in Interactions Browser
    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    lush
    suppressible
    Or67d
    (Ronderos and Smith, 2010)
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Or67d
    suppressible
    lush
    (Ha and Smith, 2006)
    External Data
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
    MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    External Data
    Linkouts
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    3L
    Recombination map

    3-45

    Cytogenetic map
    76B9-76B9
    Sequence location
    3L:19,604,398..19,606,090 [-]
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    76B9-76B9
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}MESR6EP3142 and P{lacW}l(3)L3809L3809
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    76C-76C
    (Smith, 1997.4.29)
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location

    3-45

    (FlyBase, 2016)

    3-42.8

    (Comeron et al., 2012)
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (4)
    Genomic Clones (16)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (5)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
         

        polyclonal

        (Gomez-Diaz et al., 2013)
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Other Information
        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database identify of
        Source for database merge of
        Additional comments
        Other Comments

        lush mediates both avoidance of concentrated alcohols and attraction to 11-cis vaccenyl acetate pheromone.

        (Xu et al., 2005)

        lush is specifically required for 11-cis vaccenyl acetate sensitivity of T1 neurons.

        (Xu et al., 2005)

        In contrast to FBrf0104760, which suggested that lush can modify the perception of ethanol at high concentrations (which would require some specific binding of ethanol to lush protein), no specific binding of ethanol to lush protein has been detected in studies in FBrf0174630. Instead, in FBrf0174630, it has been shown that lush protein binds some phthalates.

        (Zhou et al., 2004)

        lush is required for a normal olfactory response to a small subset of odorants, including ethanol.

        (Kim et al., 1998)
        Origin and Etymology
        Discoverer
        Etymology

        The gene is named "lush" after the increased affinity of mutant flies for alcohol-rich environments.

        (Kim et al., 1998)
        Identification
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 29 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
        UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
        GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
        InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
        Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
        InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (11)
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        References (90)