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Gene Dmel\Alas

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Alas	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	Aminolevulinate synthase	Annotation symbol	CG3017
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0020764
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	4 publicly available
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2R	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	60A14-60A14	Sequence location	2R:19,852,290..19,854,280 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene Aminolevulinate synthase is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\Alas (CG3017, FBgn0020764). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Based on sequence similarity, it is predicted to have molecular function: 5-aminolevulinate synthase activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: chitin-based cuticle development. 5 alleles are reported. No phenotypic data is available. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: Aminotransferase, class I/classII; Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transferase; Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transferase, major region, subdomain 1; Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transferase, major region, subdomain 2; Tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed in adult male stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: High or moderate levels of expression observed in all larval and adult organs/tissues. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, adult central nervous system, adult crop, adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, adult heart, adult fat body, adult salivary gland, larval/adult carcass. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system, larval midgut, larval/adult Malpighian tubules, larval fat body, larval salivary gland, larval trachea, adult female reproductive system, adult male reproductive system. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1632343_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of Alas. Gene sequence location is 2R:19852290..19854280.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 60A14-60A14   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}TalEP489&P{EP}CG3065EP316 and P{lacW}Phmk07623&P{lacW}tsrk05633
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 60A-60A   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Ruiz de Mena et al., 1999) 60A3-60B10   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Alas for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.43
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) Alas-RA FBtr0072151  NM_057933   1847   539
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein Alas-PA   FBpp0072060   58.8   539   7.41     NP_477281   AAF47119
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Aminotransferase, class I/classII (IPR004839) Tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase (IPR010961) Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transferase, major region, subdomain 1 (IPR015421) Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transferase (IPR015424) Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transferase, major region, subdomain 2 (IPR015422) MitoDrome - A database of annotated Dmel nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins • MTDROME03017
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA696658   AA978658   AE013599 AAF47119   AC004642   AI258549   AI259000   AI260195   AI292717   AI387265   AI404398   AI530795   AI532920   AI542384   AI544250   AW944183   AY084198 AAL89936   AY232150   BE975392   BF490423   BF495478   BG634858   BG635644   BG640005   BI161917   BI168593   BI214454   BI235641   BI373428   BI373624   BI564745   BI569639   BI574717   BI577871   BI584550   BI587307   BI592309   BI605430   BI605961   BI606309   BI608381   BI608938   BI609893   BI614021   BI614139   BI627907   BI628617   BI631459   BI632164   BI635227   BI635860   BI636342   BI638757   BI639731   BI641115   BI641821   BT044432   BZ665723   CO156900   CO266099   CO268499   CO296877   CO301412   CO332650   EC062770   EC075971   EC079282   EC087265   EC089750   EC090243   EC199018   EC208549   EC263089   EL874884   EL883642   EL884524   EV579285   Y14576 CAA74914   Y14577 CAA74915
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	O18680 Q8T4G6
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 3 -- 4   organism | ubiquitous & uniform   (Ruiz de Mena et al., 1999) Comment:maternally deposited embryonic stage 14 -- 17   embryonic/larval oenocyte   (Ruiz de Mena et al., 1999) Bolwig organ primordium   (Ruiz de Mena et al., 1999) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 1 -- 6   organism   (Ruiz de Mena et al., 1999) Comment:0-3 hr AEL embryonic stage 11 -- 15   organism | faint   (Ruiz de Mena et al., 1999) Comment:6-12 hr AEL embryonic stage 15 -- 17   organism   (Ruiz de Mena et al., 1999) Comment:12-24 hr AEL adult stage   organism   (Ruiz de Mena et al., 1999)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Maternally contributed Alas transcript is present in embryos through syncytial blastoderm stage. Zygotic Alas transcript is undetectable via in situ until embryonic stage 14, when it begins to be expressed in a set of cells coinciding with oenocyte markers in in the distal part of each abdominal segment; and in two symmetrical groups of cells at the anterior of the embryo that coincide with markers for the Bolwig organ primordium. (Ruiz de Mena et al., 1999)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
western blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage   organism   (Ruiz de Mena et al., 1999)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: High or moderate levels of expression observed in all larval and adult organs/tissues. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, adult central nervous system, adult crop, adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, adult heart, adult fat body, adult salivary gland, larval/adult carcass. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system, larval midgut, larval/adult Malpighian tubules, larval fat body, larval salivary gland, larval trachea, adult female reproductive system, adult male reproductive system. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    338.075 Larval Midgut    485.7 Larval Hindgut    809.4 Larval Malpighian Tubules    173.6 Larval Fat Body    355.6 Larval Salivary Gland    456.1 Larval Trachea    430.1 Larval Carcass    618.5 Adult Head    719.8 Adult Eye    967.05 Adult Brain    1154.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1380.1 Adult Crop    937.5 Adult Midgut    649.5 Adult Hindgut    1136.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    460.3 Adult Fat Body    2857.2 Adult Salivary Gland    868.2 Adult Heart    3188.275 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    340.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    282.3 Adult Ovary    377 Adult Testis    370 Adult Male Accessory Gland    265.1 Adult Carcass    3277.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    338.075 Larval Midgut    485.7 Larval Hindgut  (809.4) Larval Malpighian Tubules    173.6 Larval Fat Body    355.6 Larval Salivary Gland    456.1 Larval Trachea    430.1 Larval Carcass  (618.5) Adult Head  (719.8) Adult Eye  (967.05) Adult Brain  (1154.4) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (1380.1) Adult Crop  (937.5) Adult Midgut  (649.5) Adult Hindgut  (1136.8) Adult Malpighian Tubules    460.3 Adult Fat Body  (2857.2) Adult Salivary Gland  (868.2) Adult Heart  (3188.275) Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    340.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    282.3 Adult Ovary    377 Adult Testis    370 Adult Male Accessory Gland    265.1 Adult Carcass  (3277.1) Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    338.075 Larval Midgut    485.7 Larval Hindgut    809.4 Larval Malpighian Tubules    173.6 Larval Fat Body    355.6 Larval Salivary Gland    456.1 Larval Trachea    430.1 Larval Carcass    618.5 Adult Head    719.8 Adult Eye    967.05 Adult Brain  (1154.4) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (1380.1) Adult Crop    937.5 Adult Midgut    649.5 Adult Hindgut  (1136.8) Adult Malpighian Tubules    460.3 Adult Fat Body  (2857.2) Adult Salivary Gland    868.2 Adult Heart  (3188.275) Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    340.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    282.3 Adult Ovary    377 Adult Testis    370 Adult Male Accessory Gland    265.1 Adult Carcass  (3277.1) Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    338.075 Larval Midgut    485.7 Larval Hindgut    809.4 Larval Malpighian Tubules    173.6 Larval Fat Body    355.6 Larval Salivary Gland    456.1 Larval Trachea    430.1 Larval Carcass    618.5 Adult Head    719.8 Adult Eye    967.05 Adult Brain    1154.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1380.1 Adult Crop    937.5 Adult Midgut    649.5 Adult Hindgut    1136.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    460.3 Adult Fat Body    2857.2 Adult Salivary Gland    868.2 Adult Heart    3188.275 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    340.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    282.3 Adult Ovary    377 Adult Testis    370 Adult Male Accessory Gland    265.1 Adult Carcass    3277.1 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    338.075 Larval Midgut    485.7 Larval Hindgut    809.4 Larval Malpighian Tubules    173.6 Larval Fat Body    355.6 Larval Salivary Gland    456.1 Larval Trachea    430.1 Larval Carcass    618.5 Adult Head    719.8 Adult Eye    967.05 Adult Brain    1154.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1380.1 Adult Crop    937.5 Adult Midgut    649.5 Adult Hindgut    1136.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    460.3 Adult Fat Body    2857.2 Adult Salivary Gland    868.2 Adult Heart    3188.275 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    340.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    282.3 Adult Ovary    377 Adult Testis    370 Adult Male Accessory Gland    265.1 Adult Carcass    3277.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    338.075 Larval Midgut    485.7 Larval Hindgut  809.4 Larval Malpighian Tubules    173.6 Larval Fat Body    355.6 Larval Salivary Gland    456.1 Larval Trachea    430.1 Larval Carcass  618.5 Adult Head  719.8 Adult Eye  (967.05) Adult Brain  (1154.4) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (1380.1) Adult Crop  (937.5) Adult Midgut  649.5 Adult Hindgut  (1136.8) Adult Malpighian Tubules    460.3 Adult Fat Body  (2857.2) Adult Salivary Gland  (868.2) Adult Heart  (3188.275) Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    340.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    282.3 Adult Ovary    377 Adult Testis    370 Adult Male Accessory Gland    265.1 Adult Carcass  (3277.1) Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    338.075 Larval Midgut    485.7 Larval Hindgut    809.4 Larval Malpighian Tubules    173.6 Larval Fat Body    355.6 Larval Salivary Gland    456.1 Larval Trachea    430.1 Larval Carcass    618.5 Adult Head    719.8 Adult Eye    967.05 Adult Brain  1154.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  1380.1 Adult Crop    937.5 Adult Midgut    649.5 Adult Hindgut  1136.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    460.3 Adult Fat Body  (2857.2) Adult Salivary Gland    868.2 Adult Heart  (3188.275) Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    340.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    282.3 Adult Ovary    377 Adult Testis    370 Adult Male Accessory Gland    265.1 Adult Carcass  (3277.1) Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    338.075 Larval Midgut    485.7 Larval Hindgut    809.4 Larval Malpighian Tubules    173.6 Larval Fat Body    355.6 Larval Salivary Gland    456.1 Larval Trachea    430.1 Larval Carcass    618.5 Adult Head    719.8 Adult Eye    967.05 Adult Brain    1154.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1380.1 Adult Crop    937.5 Adult Midgut    649.5 Adult Hindgut    1136.8 Adult Malpighian Tubules    460.3 Adult Fat Body    2857.2 Adult Salivary Gland    868.2 Adult Heart    3188.275 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    340.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    282.3 Adult Ovary    377 Adult Testis    370 Adult Male Accessory Gland    265.1 Adult Carcass    3277.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    719.8   NA  Eye    967.05   NA  Brain    1154.4   338.075  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1380.1   NA  Crop    937.5   485.7  Midgut    649.5   809.4  Hindgut    1136.8   173.6  Malpighian Tubules    460.3   355.6  Fat Body    2857.2   456.1  Salivary Gland    868.2   NA  Heart    3188.275   430.1  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    340.9   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    282.3   NA  Ovary    377   NA  Testis    370   NA  Male Accessory Gland    265.1   618.5  Carcass    3277.1 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    67 central nervous system, larvae L3    38 central nervous system, pupae P8    29 head, virgin 1-day female    69 head, virgin 4-day female    82 head, virgin 20-day female    55 head, mated 1-day female    75 head, mated 4-day female    58 head, mated 20-day female    46 head, mated 1-day male    108 head, mated 4-day male    92 head, mated 20-day male    72 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    13 salivary gland, white prepupae    18 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    25 digestive system, 1-day adult    51 digestive system, 4-day adult    49 digestive system, 20-day adult    51 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    26 fat body, white prepupae    12 fat body, pupae P8    59 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    47 carcass, 1-day adult    290 carcass, 4-day adult    314 carcass, 20-day adult    420 ovary, virgin 4-day female    52 ovary, mated 4-day female    48 testis, mated 4-day male    132 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    43 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (67) central nervous system, larvae L3  (38) central nervous system, pupae P8  (29) head, virgin 1-day female  (69) head, virgin 4-day female  (82) head, virgin 20-day female  (55) head, mated 1-day female  (75) head, mated 4-day female  (58) head, mated 20-day female  (46) head, mated 1-day male  (108) head, mated 4-day male  (92) head, mated 20-day male  (72) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    13 salivary gland, white prepupae    18 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    25 digestive system, 1-day adult  (51) digestive system, 4-day adult  (49) digestive system, 20-day adult  (51) fat body, larvae L3 wandering  26 fat body, white prepupae    12 fat body, pupae P8  (59) carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (47) carcass, 1-day adult  (290) carcass, 4-day adult  (314) carcass, 20-day adult  (420) ovary, virgin 4-day female  (52) ovary, mated 4-day female  (48) testis, mated 4-day male  (132) accessory gland, mated 4-day male  (43) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    67 central nervous system, larvae L3    38 central nervous system, pupae P8    29 head, virgin 1-day female    69 head, virgin 4-day female    82 head, virgin 20-day female    55 head, mated 1-day female    75 head, mated 4-day female    58 head, mated 20-day female    46 head, mated 1-day male  (108) head, mated 4-day male    92 head, mated 20-day male    72 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    13 salivary gland, white prepupae    18 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    25 digestive system, 1-day adult    51 digestive system, 4-day adult    49 digestive system, 20-day adult    51 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    26 fat body, white prepupae    12 fat body, pupae P8    59 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    47 carcass, 1-day adult  (290) carcass, 4-day adult  (314) carcass, 20-day adult  (420) ovary, virgin 4-day female    52 ovary, mated 4-day female    48 testis, mated 4-day male  (132) accessory gland, mated 4-day male    43 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    67 central nervous system, larvae L3    38 central nervous system, pupae P8    29 head, virgin 1-day female    69 head, virgin 4-day female    82 head, virgin 20-day female    55 head, mated 1-day female    75 head, mated 4-day female    58 head, mated 20-day female    46 head, mated 1-day male    108 head, mated 4-day male    92 head, mated 20-day male    72 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    13 salivary gland, white prepupae    18 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    25 digestive system, 1-day adult    51 digestive system, 4-day adult    49 digestive system, 20-day adult    51 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    26 fat body, white prepupae    12 fat body, pupae P8    59 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    47 carcass, 1-day adult    290 carcass, 4-day adult    314 carcass, 20-day adult    420 ovary, virgin 4-day female    52 ovary, mated 4-day female    48 testis, mated 4-day male    132 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    43 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    67 central nervous system, larvae L3    38 central nervous system, pupae P8    29 head, virgin 1-day female    69 head, virgin 4-day female    82 head, virgin 20-day female    55 head, mated 1-day female    75 head, mated 4-day female    58 head, mated 20-day female    46 head, mated 1-day male    108 head, mated 4-day male    92 head, mated 20-day male    72 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    13 salivary gland, white prepupae    18 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    25 digestive system, 1-day adult    51 digestive system, 4-day adult    49 digestive system, 20-day adult    51 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    26 fat body, white prepupae    12 fat body, pupae P8    59 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    47 carcass, 1-day adult    290 carcass, 4-day adult    314 carcass, 20-day adult    420 ovary, virgin 4-day female    52 ovary, mated 4-day female    48 testis, mated 4-day male    132 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    43 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (67) central nervous system, larvae L3  (38) central nervous system, pupae P8  29 head, virgin 1-day female  (69) head, virgin 4-day female  (82) head, virgin 20-day female  (55) head, mated 1-day female  (75) head, mated 4-day female  (58) head, mated 20-day female  (46) head, mated 1-day male  (108) head, mated 4-day male  (92) head, mated 20-day male  (72) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    13 salivary gland, white prepupae    18 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    25 digestive system, 1-day adult  (51) digestive system, 4-day adult  (49) digestive system, 20-day adult  (51) fat body, larvae L3 wandering  26 fat body, white prepupae    12 fat body, pupae P8  (59) carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (47) carcass, 1-day adult  (290) carcass, 4-day adult  (314) carcass, 20-day adult  (420) ovary, virgin 4-day female  (52) ovary, mated 4-day female  (48) testis, mated 4-day male  (132) accessory gland, mated 4-day male  (43) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    67 central nervous system, larvae L3    38 central nervous system, pupae P8    29 head, virgin 1-day female    69 head, virgin 4-day female    82 head, virgin 20-day female    55 head, mated 1-day female    75 head, mated 4-day female    58 head, mated 20-day female    46 head, mated 1-day male  108 head, mated 4-day male    92 head, mated 20-day male    72 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    13 salivary gland, white prepupae    18 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    25 digestive system, 1-day adult    51 digestive system, 4-day adult    49 digestive system, 20-day adult    51 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    26 fat body, white prepupae    12 fat body, pupae P8    59 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    47 carcass, 1-day adult  (290) carcass, 4-day adult  (314) carcass, 20-day adult  (420) ovary, virgin 4-day female    52 ovary, mated 4-day female    48 testis, mated 4-day male  132 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    43 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    67 central nervous system, larvae L3    38 central nervous system, pupae P8    29 head, virgin 1-day female    69 head, virgin 4-day female    82 head, virgin 20-day female    55 head, mated 1-day female    75 head, mated 4-day female    58 head, mated 20-day female    46 head, mated 1-day male    108 head, mated 4-day male    92 head, mated 20-day male    72 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    13 salivary gland, white prepupae    18 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    25 digestive system, 1-day adult    51 digestive system, 4-day adult    49 digestive system, 20-day adult    51 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    26 fat body, white prepupae    12 fat body, pupae P8    59 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    47 carcass, 1-day adult    290 carcass, 4-day adult    314 carcass, 20-day adult    420 ovary, virgin 4-day female    52 ovary, mated 4-day female    48 testis, mated 4-day male    132 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    43 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed in adult male stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    28 embryo 02-04hr    6 embryo 04-06hr    13 embryo 06-08hr    18 embryo 08-10hr    17 embryo 10-12hr    26 embryo 12-14hr    22 embryo 14-16hr    46 embryo 16-18hr    42 embryo 18-20hr    43 embryo 20-22hr    39 embryo 22-24hr    49 larva L1    57 larva L2    45 larva L3 12hr old    57 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    37 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    29 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    26 white prepupae new    27 white prepupae 12hr    25 white prepupae 24hr    27 pupae 2d postWPP    44 pupae 3d postWPP    92 pupae 4d postWPP    94 adult male 01day    158 adult male 05day    213 adult male 30day    155 adult female 01day    110 adult female 05day    59 adult female 30day    55 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (28) embryo 02-04hr    6 embryo 04-06hr    13 embryo 06-08hr    18 embryo 08-10hr    17 embryo 10-12hr  26 embryo 12-14hr    22 embryo 14-16hr  (46) embryo 16-18hr  (42) embryo 18-20hr  (43) embryo 20-22hr  (39) embryo 22-24hr  (49) larva L1  (57) larva L2  (45) larva L3 12hr old  (57) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (37) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (29) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  26 white prepupae new  (27) white prepupae 12hr    25 white prepupae 24hr  (27) pupae 2d postWPP  (44) pupae 3d postWPP  (92) pupae 4d postWPP  (94) adult male 01day  (158) adult male 05day  (213) adult male 30day  (155) adult female 01day  (110) adult female 05day  (59) adult female 30day  (55) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    28 embryo 02-04hr    6 embryo 04-06hr    13 embryo 06-08hr    18 embryo 08-10hr    17 embryo 10-12hr    26 embryo 12-14hr    22 embryo 14-16hr    46 embryo 16-18hr    42 embryo 18-20hr    43 embryo 20-22hr    39 embryo 22-24hr    49 larva L1    57 larva L2    45 larva L3 12hr old    57 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    37 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    29 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    26 white prepupae new    27 white prepupae 12hr    25 white prepupae 24hr    27 pupae 2d postWPP    44 pupae 3d postWPP    92 pupae 4d postWPP    94 adult male 01day  (158) adult male 05day  (213) adult male 30day  (155) adult female 01day  (110) adult female 05day    59 adult female 30day    55 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    28 embryo 02-04hr    6 embryo 04-06hr    13 embryo 06-08hr    18 embryo 08-10hr    17 embryo 10-12hr    26 embryo 12-14hr    22 embryo 14-16hr    46 embryo 16-18hr    42 embryo 18-20hr    43 embryo 20-22hr    39 embryo 22-24hr    49 larva L1    57 larva L2    45 larva L3 12hr old    57 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    37 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    29 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    26 white prepupae new    27 white prepupae 12hr    25 white prepupae 24hr    27 pupae 2d postWPP    44 pupae 3d postWPP    92 pupae 4d postWPP    94 adult male 01day    158 adult male 05day    213 adult male 30day    155 adult female 01day    110 adult female 05day    59 adult female 30day    55 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    28 embryo 02-04hr    6 embryo 04-06hr    13 embryo 06-08hr    18 embryo 08-10hr    17 embryo 10-12hr    26 embryo 12-14hr    22 embryo 14-16hr    46 embryo 16-18hr    42 embryo 18-20hr    43 embryo 20-22hr    39 embryo 22-24hr    49 larva L1    57 larva L2    45 larva L3 12hr old    57 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    37 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    29 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    26 white prepupae new    27 white prepupae 12hr    25 white prepupae 24hr    27 pupae 2d postWPP    44 pupae 3d postWPP    92 pupae 4d postWPP    94 adult male 01day    158 adult male 05day    213 adult male 30day    155 adult female 01day    110 adult female 05day    59 adult female 30day    55 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  28 embryo 02-04hr    6 embryo 04-06hr    13 embryo 06-08hr    18 embryo 08-10hr    17 embryo 10-12hr  26 embryo 12-14hr    22 embryo 14-16hr  (46) embryo 16-18hr  (42) embryo 18-20hr  (43) embryo 20-22hr  (39) embryo 22-24hr  (49) larva L1  (57) larva L2  (45) larva L3 12hr old  (57) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (37) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  29 larva L3 puffstage 7-9  26 white prepupae new  27 white prepupae 12hr    25 white prepupae 24hr  27 pupae 2d postWPP  (44) pupae 3d postWPP  (92) pupae 4d postWPP  (94) adult male 01day  (158) adult male 05day  (213) adult male 30day  (155) adult female 01day  (110) adult female 05day  (59) adult female 30day  (55) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    28 embryo 02-04hr    6 embryo 04-06hr    13 embryo 06-08hr    18 embryo 08-10hr    17 embryo 10-12hr    26 embryo 12-14hr    22 embryo 14-16hr    46 embryo 16-18hr    42 embryo 18-20hr    43 embryo 20-22hr    39 embryo 22-24hr    49 larva L1    57 larva L2    45 larva L3 12hr old    57 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    37 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    29 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    26 white prepupae new    27 white prepupae 12hr    25 white prepupae 24hr    27 pupae 2d postWPP    44 pupae 3d postWPP    92 pupae 4d postWPP    94 adult male 01day  (158) adult male 05day  (213) adult male 30day  (155) adult female 01day  110 adult female 05day    59 adult female 30day    55 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    28 embryo 02-04hr    6 embryo 04-06hr    13 embryo 06-08hr    18 embryo 08-10hr    17 embryo 10-12hr    26 embryo 12-14hr    22 embryo 14-16hr    46 embryo 16-18hr    42 embryo 18-20hr    43 embryo 20-22hr    39 embryo 22-24hr    49 larva L1    57 larva L2    45 larva L3 12hr old    57 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    37 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    29 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    26 white prepupae new    27 white prepupae 12hr    25 white prepupae 24hr    27 pupae 2d postWPP    44 pupae 3d postWPP    92 pupae 4d postWPP    94 adult male 01day    158 adult male 05day    213 adult male 30day    155 adult female 01day    110 adult female 05day    59 adult female 30day    55 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    52 Schneider line 2 Sg4    42 embryonic 1182-4H    53 embryonic GM2    166 embryonic Kc167    37 embryonic S1    195 embryonic S3    52 leg disc CME L1    75 wing disc CME-W2    73 wing disc ML-DmD8    54 wing disc ML-DmD9    87 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    48 wing disc ML-DmD21    54 wing disc ML-DmD32    68 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    49 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    107 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    64 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    41 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    62 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    41 tumorous blood cells mbn2    82 ovary fGS/OSS    35 ovary OSC    24 ovary OSS    7 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (52) Schneider line 2 Sg4  (42) embryonic 1182-4H  (53) embryonic GM2  (166) embryonic Kc167  (37) embryonic S1  (195) embryonic S3  (52) leg disc CME L1  (75) wing disc CME-W2  (73) wing disc ML-DmD8  (54) wing disc ML-DmD9  (87) wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (48) wing disc ML-DmD21  (54) wing disc ML-DmD32  (68) haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (49) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  (107) antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (64) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (41) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (62) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (41) tumorous blood cells mbn2  (82) ovary fGS/OSS  (35) ovary OSC    24 ovary OSS    7 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    52 Schneider line 2 Sg4    42 embryonic 1182-4H    53 embryonic GM2  (166) embryonic Kc167    37 embryonic S1  (195) embryonic S3    52 leg disc CME L1    75 wing disc CME-W2    73 wing disc ML-DmD8    54 wing disc ML-DmD9    87 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    48 wing disc ML-DmD21    54 wing disc ML-DmD32    68 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    49 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  107 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    64 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    41 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    62 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    41 tumorous blood cells mbn2    82 ovary fGS/OSS    35 ovary OSC    24 ovary OSS    7 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    52 Schneider line 2 Sg4    42 embryonic 1182-4H    53 embryonic GM2    166 embryonic Kc167    37 embryonic S1    195 embryonic S3    52 leg disc CME L1    75 wing disc CME-W2    73 wing disc ML-DmD8    54 wing disc ML-DmD9    87 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    48 wing disc ML-DmD21    54 wing disc ML-DmD32    68 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    49 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    107 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    64 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    41 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    62 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    41 tumorous blood cells mbn2    82 ovary fGS/OSS    35 ovary OSC    24 ovary OSS    7 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    52 Schneider line 2 Sg4    42 embryonic 1182-4H    53 embryonic GM2    166 embryonic Kc167    37 embryonic S1    195 embryonic S3    52 leg disc CME L1    75 wing disc CME-W2    73 wing disc ML-DmD8    54 wing disc ML-DmD9    87 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    48 wing disc ML-DmD21    54 wing disc ML-DmD32    68 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    49 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    107 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    64 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    41 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    62 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    41 tumorous blood cells mbn2    82 ovary fGS/OSS    35 ovary OSC    24 ovary OSS    7 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (52) Schneider line 2 Sg4  (42) embryonic 1182-4H  (53) embryonic GM2  (166) embryonic Kc167  (37) embryonic S1  (195) embryonic S3  (52) leg disc CME L1  (75) wing disc CME-W2  (73) wing disc ML-DmD8  (54) wing disc ML-DmD9  (87) wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (48) wing disc ML-DmD21  (54) wing disc ML-DmD32  (68) haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (49) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  (107) antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (64) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (41) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (62) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (41) tumorous blood cells mbn2  (82) ovary fGS/OSS  (35) ovary OSC    24 ovary OSS    7 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    52 Schneider line 2 Sg4    42 embryonic 1182-4H    53 embryonic GM2  (166) embryonic Kc167    37 embryonic S1  (195) embryonic S3    52 leg disc CME L1    75 wing disc CME-W2    73 wing disc ML-DmD8    54 wing disc ML-DmD9    87 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    48 wing disc ML-DmD21    54 wing disc ML-DmD32    68 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    49 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  107 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    64 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    41 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    62 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    41 tumorous blood cells mbn2    82 ovary fGS/OSS    35 ovary OSC    24 ovary OSS    7 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    52 Schneider line 2 Sg4    42 embryonic 1182-4H    53 embryonic GM2    166 embryonic Kc167    37 embryonic S1    195 embryonic S3    52 leg disc CME L1    75 wing disc CME-W2    73 wing disc ML-DmD8    54 wing disc ML-DmD9    87 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    48 wing disc ML-DmD21    54 wing disc ML-DmD32    68 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    49 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    107 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    64 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    41 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    62 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    41 tumorous blood cells mbn2    82 ovary fGS/OSS    35 ovary OSC    24 ovary OSS    7 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    54 cold shock, 4-day adult    39 heat shock, 4-day adult    106 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    59 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    28 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    112 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    200 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    25 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    94 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    25 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    120 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    162 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    110 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    60 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    160 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    277 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    63 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    204 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    451 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    49 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    120 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (54) cold shock, 4-day adult  (39) heat shock, 4-day adult  (106) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3  (59) Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (28) Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (112) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (200) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    25 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (94) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    25 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (120) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (162) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (110) Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (60) Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3  (160) Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (277) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (63) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (204) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (451) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (49) Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (120) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    54 cold shock, 4-day adult    39 heat shock, 4-day adult  106 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    59 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    28 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (112) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (200) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    25 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    94 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    25 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (120) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (162) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (110) Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    60 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3  (160) Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (277) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    63 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (204) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (451) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    49 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (120) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    54 cold shock, 4-day adult    39 heat shock, 4-day adult    106 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    59 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    28 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    112 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    200 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    25 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    94 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    25 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    120 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    162 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    110 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    60 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    160 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    277 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    63 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    204 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    451 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    49 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    120 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    54 cold shock, 4-day adult    39 heat shock, 4-day adult    106 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    59 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    28 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    112 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    200 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    25 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    94 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    25 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    120 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    162 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    110 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    60 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    160 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    277 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    63 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    204 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    451 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    49 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    120 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (54) cold shock, 4-day adult  (39) heat shock, 4-day adult  (106) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3  (59) Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  28 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (112) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (200) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    25 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (94) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    25 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (120) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (162) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (110) Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (60) Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3  (160) Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (277) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (63) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (204) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (451) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (49) Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (120) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    54 cold shock, 4-day adult    39 heat shock, 4-day adult  106 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    59 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    28 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  112 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (200) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    25 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    94 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    25 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  120 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (162) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  110 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    60 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3  (160) Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (277) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    63 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (204) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (451) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    49 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  120 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    54 cold shock, 4-day adult    39 heat shock, 4-day adult    106 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    59 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    28 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    112 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    200 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    25 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    94 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    25 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    120 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    162 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    110 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    60 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    160 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    277 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    63 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    204 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    451 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    49 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    120 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_15 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_15
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0020764 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG3017-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele partially lethal - majority die | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 AlasGD10011 Other Phenotypes Allele small body | first instar larval stage AlasKG10015 Phenotype manifest in Allele embryonic/first instar larval cuticle | first instar larval stage Alas3b AlasKG10015 embryonic/larval tracheal system | embryonic stage 17 AlasKG10015 procuticle | first instar larval stage AlasKG10015
Classical Alleles ( 2 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of Alas Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion AlasKG10015 P-element activity 2 -- Alas3b P-element activity 0 Yes
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 3 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of Alas Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion AlasGD10011 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes AlasKK101189 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes AlasNIG.3017R in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Partially disrupted in	Df(2R)Alas3b (Shaik et al., 2012)
Disrupted in	Df(2R)Exel6080 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(2R)Exel7182 (Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD10011} NA P{KK101189} NA P{NIG.3017R} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions P{SUPor-P}AlasKG10015 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 6 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 term )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
chitin-based cuticle development inferred from mutant phenotype (Shaik et al., 2012)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 5 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
5-aminolevulinate synthase activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity with rat Alas2 (Ruiz de Mena et al., 1999) inferred from sequence or structural similarity with Saccharomyces HEM1 (FlyBase, 1992-) inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P13196 AND inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProt:P22557 (Sardiello et al., 2003.6.11) non-traceable author statement (Garesse, 1997.8.12) pyridoxal phosphate binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004839, InterPro:IPR010961, InterPro:IPR015421, InterPro:IPR015422 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
heme biosynthetic process inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P13196 (Sardiello et al., 2003.6.11) inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P22557 (Sardiello et al., 2003.6.11)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
mitochondrial matrix inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P13196 AND inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProt:P22557 (Sardiello et al., 2003.6.11) mitochondrion inferred from reviewed computational analysis (Ruiz de Mena et al., 1999)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions Alas allele Gene References
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 63404 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0020764 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 37815
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (43) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6ZS9NS Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6NS3KT Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6X3FWJ Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG67WM3X Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG6M0SVD
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6ZS9NS)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\Alas     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD11815     Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM16072 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG22911 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\Alas Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF12883 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA15694 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL11642 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK15724 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ19743 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI20706 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH20180 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6NS3KT)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL007787   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP003184   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ007746
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6X3FWJ)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\LOC413228   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG002569   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH25487   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP23450   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP23897   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO16898   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL14641   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH21955   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB20051   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV15415   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI006612   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA008010   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM297900   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC013340
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG67WM3X)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\JGI_V11_225386   Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\COI   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW020754
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG6M0SVD)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_024016gn   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\alas1   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\alas2   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\alas1   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\alas2   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\ALAS1   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Alas2   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Alas1   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\ENSRNOG00000000167   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\ALAS2   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\ALAS1
Human Orthologs (2)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\ALAS2     Hsap\ALAS1
AAA Orthologs (10) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM16072 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG22911 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\Alas Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF12883 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA15694 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL11642 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK15724 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ19743 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI20706 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH20180
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 4 )
Bloomington	15225 y1; P{SUPor-P}AlasKG10015/CyO; ry506
Kyoto	114629 yd2 w1118 P{ey-FLP.N}2; P{neoFRT}42D P{SUPor-P}AlasKG10015 /CyO y+
VDRC	v105958 P{KK101189}VIE-260B v48774 w1118 P{GD10011}v48774
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR28M05 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 71 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	SD01515
Other clones	FI09607 yak-ad_Alas
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	AT04417 AT26882 AT31222 GH15680 GH17746 GH24082 GM08081 LD32626 LP01771 LP02318 LP03905 RE01379 RE09393 RE20267 RE31545 RE60709 RE60964 RE71630 RH01752 RH09957 RH12796 RH13658 RH14740 RH23789 RH26541 RH27847 RH43295 RH43444 RH57112 RH61036 RH62245 RH69380 RH71027 RH71986 RH72620 SD04570 SD08679 SD10739 SD13111 SD16514 SD17381 SD17987 SD21129 SD22391 SD24316 SD25455 SD25779
Other clones	34839 58464 81964 97500 172671 191126 277183 533442 bs43a07 CK01.120A.G4 Dmel_dig_013657_0606_2970 EK091658 EK144932 EK180915 EK215337 EK304141 EN09528 IP13288 IP14954 IP15807 SD10130
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0020764 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 37815
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Ruiz de Mena et al., 1999)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: Alas CG3017 (Wang, 1999.11)
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Other Comments
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_057933 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_477281 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAF47119 AAL89936 AC004642 AI530795 AW944183 AY084198 BZ665723 CAA74914 CAA74915 Y14576 Y14577 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 37815 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • O18680 Q8T4G6
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Aminotransferase, class I/classII (IPR004839) Tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase (IPR010961) Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transferase, major region, subdomain 1 (IPR015421) Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transferase (IPR015424) Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transferase, major region, subdomain 2 (IPR015422) MitoDrome - A database of annotated Dmel nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins • MTDROME03017
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 63404 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0020764 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0020764 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0020764 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG3017-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0020764 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 37815 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 37815 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0020764
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 7 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	Alas (Rehwinkel et al., 2006, Jiang et al., 2009, Liu and Lehmann, 2008, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21) alas (Ruiz de Mena et al., 1999, Garesse, 1997.8.12, Garesse, 1997.8.12, Shaik et al., 2012) ALAS (Cui et al., 2008) CG3017 (Pile et al., 2003, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Shaik et al., 2012)
Name Synonym	Aminolevulinate synthase   δ-Aminolevulinate synthase (Ruiz de Mena et al., 1999) δ-aminolevulinate synthase (Shaik et al., 2012)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 33 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 33 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 13 ) Supplementary material  ( 4 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 8 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 2 ) Stock list  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 3 )
Recent research papers ( 2 )
	Li et al., 2013, PLoS Genet. 9(1): e1003230 HIF- and Non-HIF-Regulated Hypoxic Responses Require the Estrogen-Related Receptor in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0220675] Shaik et al., 2012, Europ. J. Cell Biol. 91(3): 204--215 δ-Aminolevulinate synthase is required for apical transcellular barrier formation in the skin of the Drosophila larva. [FBrf0217466] Show all research papers ...