FB2018_06, released Dec 21, 2018 All FlyBase archives from FB2014_04 until FB2018_05 are temporarily unavailable.

Gene: Dmel\cyc

Help
Open All Close All
General Information
Symbol
Dmel\cyc
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
cycle
Annotation Symbol
CG8727
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0023094
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
12 publicly available
Gene Snapshot
cycle (cyc) is a circadian clock gene. It encodes a transcription factor of the BHLH-PAS family and activates transcription of key clock genes as well as downstream clock-regulated genes. [Date last reviewed: 2018-09-20]
Other Summaries
Also Known As
CYCLE, dbmal1, Bmal1, dCYC
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
76C6-76C6
Sequence location
3L:19,813,770..19,815,938 [-]
Recombination map
3-46
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI Genome Data Viewer
UCSC Genome Browser
Ensembl Genome Browser
PopFly Genome Browser
GO Summary Ribbons
Families, Domains and Molecular Function
Gene Group Membership (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt, Sequence Similarities)
-
Protein Domains/Motifs
InterPro
PAS domain; Nuclear translocator; Myc-type, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain; PAS fold; PAS domain superfamily; Helix-loop-helix DNA-binding domain superfamily
Molecular Function (see GO section for details)
Experimental Evidence
DNA binding; protein heterodimerization activity; contributes_to RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
Predictions / Assertions
DNA-binding transcription factor activity; protein heterodimerization activity
Summaries
Gene Group Membership
BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS -
Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors are sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins that regulate transcription. They are characterized by a 60 amino acid region comprising a basic DNA binding domain followed by a HLH motif formed from two amphipathic α-helices connected by a loop. bHLH transcription factors form homo- and hetero-dimeric complexes, which bind to a E box consensus sequence. (Adapted from PMID:15186484).
UniProt Contributed Function Data
Putative transcription factor involved in the generation of biological rhythms. Activates cycling transcription of Period (PER) and Timeless (TIM) by binding to the E-box (5'-CACGTG-3') present in their promoters.
(UniProt, O61734)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\cyc or the JBrowse view of Dmel\cyc for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Comments on Gene Model
Gene model reviewed during 5.45
Gene model reviewed during 5.43
Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.
Gene model reviewed during 5.46
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
cyc-RA
FBtr0074924
NM_079444
1625
413
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
1.7 (northern blot)
(Rutila et al., 1998)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
cyc-PA
FBpp0074693
47.6
413
7.71
NP_524168
AAF49107
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
413 (aa)
(Darlington et al., 1998, Rutila et al., 1998)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
Efficient DNA binding requires dimerization with another bHLH protein. Forms a heterodimer with Clock in order to activate PER and TIM transcription.
(UniProt, O61734)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\cyc using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Gene Ontology (20 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
DNA binding
inferred from direct assay
(Yu et al., 2006)
protein heterodimerization activity
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:O61735
(Maurer et al., 2009)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Clk; FB:FBgn0023076
(Lee et al., 1999)
contributes_to RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Clk; FB:FBgn0023076
(Lee et al., 1999)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
DNA-binding transcription factor activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001067
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
protein heterodimerization activity
non-traceable author statement
(Hardin, 2000)
Biological Process (13 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
circadian regulation of gene expression
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Hung et al., 2007)
circadian regulation of heart rate
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Gill et al., 2015)
regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Yuan et al., 2006, Shaw et al., 2002)
response to starvation
inferred from direct assay
(Xu et al., 2008)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (10 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
behavioral response to cocaine
traceable author statement
(Rothenfluh and Heberlein, 2002)
non-traceable author statement
(Sokolowski, 2001)
circadian rhythm
non-traceable author statement
(Sokolowski, 2001)
traceable author statement
(Emery and Reppert, 2004, Shaw and Franken, 2003, Glossop and Hardin, 2002, Panda et al., 2002, Hardin, 2000)
eclosion rhythm
traceable author statement
(Stanewsky, 2003)
non-traceable author statement
(Sokolowski, 2001)
locomotor rhythm
non-traceable author statement
(Sokolowski, 2001)
traceable author statement
(Stanewsky, 2003)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
non-traceable author statement
(Hardin, 2000)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
non-traceable author statement
(Hardin, 2000)
traceable author statement
(Stanewsky, 2003)
positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
traceable author statement
(Glossop and Hardin, 2002)
non-traceable author statement
(Panda et al., 2002)
regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep
traceable author statement
(Hendricks, 2003, Shaw and Franken, 2003)
regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001067, InterPro:IPR013767
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
rhythmic behavior
traceable author statement
(Stanewsky, 2003)
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
cytoplasm
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001067
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
nucleus
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001067
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
non-traceable author statement
(Panda et al., 2002)
transcription factor complex
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001067
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic brain
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval midgut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
gonad
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord
(Fisher et al., 2012)
median neuroblast MNB interneuron
(Kearney et al., 2004)
MP1 neuron
(Kearney et al., 2004)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
head
(Rutila et al., 1998)
Additional Descriptive Data
cyc transcripts are detected in adult head RNA. They do not exhibit any temporal cycling.
(Rutila et al., 1998)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\cyc in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs and Phenotypes
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 5 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Allele of cyc
Class
Mutagen
Associated Insertion
Stocks
Known lesion
cyc01
0
Yes
cyc02
0
Yes
cycunspecified
    0
    --
    cycG4677
    1
    Yes
    cyctag
    0
    Yes
    Other relevant insertions
    Transgenic Constructs ( 18 )
    For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
    Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of cyc
    Allele of cyc
    Mutagen
    Associated Transgenic Construct
    Stocks
    cycΔ.UAS.Tag:MYC
    1
    cycGD1313
    1
    cycUAS.ORF.GW.Tag:HA
    1
    cycUAS.Tag:HA
    0
    cycUAS.Tag:MYC
    0
    cycVP16.UAS
    0
    cycEGFP
      1
      cycGL00387
      1
      cycHMJ02219
      1
      cycJF02185
      1
      cycJF03333
      1
      cycKK101917
      1
      cycsfGFP,Tag:FLAG,Tag:CS(PSP),Tag:CS(TEVp),Tag:BLRP
      1
      cycTOE.GS02098
      1
      cyc7.2.Tag:FLAG
      0
      cycDN.UAS
      0
      cycNIG.8727R
      0
      cyct19
      0
      Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of cyc
      Deletions and Duplications ( 1 )
      Summary of Phenotypes
      Orthologs
      Downloads
      Download All DIOPT Orthologs
      Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
      Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)
      Homo sapiens (Human) (5)
      Species\Gene Symbol
      Score
      Best Score
      Best Reverse Score
      Source
      Compara
      eggNOG
      Hieranoid
      Homologene
      Inparanoid
      Isobase
      OMA
      OrthoDB
      OrthoFinder
      OrthoInspector
      orthoMCL
      Panther
      Phylome
      RoundUp
      TreeFam
      ZFIN
      Alignment
      Complementation?
      Transgene?
      Hsap\ARNTL
      13 of 15
      Yes
      Yes
      Hsap\ARNTL2
      11 of 15
      No
      Yes
      Hsap\ARNT2
      1 of 15
      No
      No
      Hsap\ARNT
      1 of 15
      No
      No
      Hsap\PER3
      1 of 15
      No
      No
      Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)
      Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (6)
      Species\Gene Symbol
      Score
      Best Score
      Best Reverse Score
      Source
      Compara
      eggNOG
      Hieranoid
      Homologene
      Inparanoid
      Isobase
      OMA
      OrthoDB
      OrthoFinder
      OrthoInspector
      orthoMCL
      Panther
      Phylome
      RoundUp
      TreeFam
      ZFIN
      Alignment
      Complementation?
      Transgene?
      Mmus\Arntl
      13 of 15
      Yes
      Yes
      Mmus\Arntl2
      12 of 15
      No
      Yes
      Mmus\Arnt2
      1 of 15
      No
      No
      Mmus\Clock
      1 of 15
      No
      No
       
      Mmus\Ncoa3
      1 of 15
      No
      No
      Mmus\Per3
      1 of 15
      No
      No
      Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (5)
      Rnor\Arntl
      10 of 13
      Yes
      Yes
      Rnor\Arntl2
      4 of 13
      No
      Yes
      Rnor\Arnt2
      1 of 13
      No
      No
      Rnor\Clock
      1 of 13
      No
      No
      Rnor\Per3
      1 of 13
      No
      No
      Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (2)
      Xtro\arntl
      7 of 12
      Yes
      Yes
      Xtro\arntl2
      1 of 12
      No
      Yes
      Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (9)
      Drer\arntl1a
      12 of 15
      Yes
      Yes
      Drer\arntl1b
      7 of 15
      No
      Yes
      Drer\arntl2
      4 of 15
      No
      Yes
      Drer\arnt2
      1 of 15
      No
      No
      Drer\arnt
      1 of 15
      No
      No
      Drer\clockb
      1 of 15
      No
      No
      Drer\ncoa1
      1 of 15
      No
      No
      Drer\ncoa2
      1 of 15
      No
      No
      Drer\ncoa3
      1 of 15
      No
      No
      Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)
      Cele\aha-1
      1 of 15
      Yes
      No
      Cele\hlh-34
      1 of 15
      Yes
      No
      Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (1)
      Atha\bHLH121
      1 of 9
      Yes
      Yes
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
      No orthologs reported.
      Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
      No orthologs reported.
      Orthologs in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091909J9 )
      Organism
      Common Name
      Gene
      AAA Syntenic Ortholog
      Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
      Drosophila melanogaster
      fruit fly
      Dmel\cyc
      Drosophila suzukii
      Spotted wing Drosophila
      Dsuz\DS10_00007199
      Drosophila simulans
      Dsim\GD12247
      Drosophila sechellia
      Dsec\GM16138
      Drosophila erecta
      Dere\GG13369
      Drosophila yakuba
      Dyak\GE22462
      Drosophila ananassae
      Dana\GF10846
      Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
      Dpse\GA21284
      Drosophila persimilis
      Dper\GL15678
      Drosophila willistoni
      Dwil\GK17217
      Drosophila virilis
      Dvir\GJ14003
      Drosophila mojavensis
      Dmoj\GI13667
      Drosophila grimshawi
      Dgri\GH16911
      Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091505IK )
      Organism
      Common Name
      Gene
      Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
      Musca domestica
      House fly
      Mdoa\17023663
      Glossina morsitans
      Tsetse fly
      Gmor\GMOY012009
      Lucilia cuprina
      Australian sheep blowfly
      Lcup\FF38_03456
      Mayetiola destructor
      Hessian fly
      Mdes\Mdes004792
      Aedes aegypti
      Yellow fever mosquito
      Aaeg\AAEL002049
      Anopheles darlingi
      American malaria mosquito
      Adar\ADAC003147
      Anopheles gambiae
      Malaria mosquito
      Agam\AGAP012873
      Anopheles gambiae
      Malaria mosquito
      Agam\CYC
      Culex quinquefasciatus
      Southern house mosquito
      Cqui\CPIJ014938
      Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W05FK )
      Organism
      Common Name
      Gene
      Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
      Bombyx mori
      Silkmoth
      Bmor\BGIBMGA003870
      Danaus plexippus
      Monarch butterfly
      Dple\DPOGS203011-PA
      Heliconius melpomene
      Postman butterfly
      Hmel\HMEL011026
      Apis florea
      Little honeybee
      Aflo\2700181012
      Apis mellifera
      Western honey bee
      Amel\GB43953
      Bombus impatiens
      Common eastern bumble bee
      Bimp\BIMP15382
      Bombus terrestris
      Buff-tailed bumblebee
      Bter\15205112
      Linepithema humile
      Argentine ant
      Lhum\LH15139
      Megachile rotundata
      Alfalfa leafcutting bee
      Mrot\MROTU:001e73
      Nasonia vitripennis
      Parasitic wasp
      Nvit\Nasvi2EG007066
      Dendroctonus ponderosae
      Mountain pine beetle
      Dpod\YQE_03758
      Tribolium castaneum
      Red flour beetle
      Tcas\cycle
      Tribolium castaneum
      Red flour beetle
      Tcas\TC032705
      Pediculus humanus
      Human body louse
      Phum\PHUM580780
      Rhodnius prolixus
      Kissing bug
      Rpro\cyc
      Cimex lectularius
      Bed bug
      Clec\CLEC000189
      Acyrthosiphon pisum
      Pea aphid
      Apim\ACYPI004686
      Zootermopsis nevadensis
      Nevada dampwood termite
      Znev\Znev_09580
      Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X05BK )
      Organism
      Common Name
      Gene
      Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
      Stegodyphus mimosarum
      African social velvet spider
      Smim\KFM72510.1
      Tetranychus urticae
      Two-spotted spider mite
      Turt\tetur08g07430
      Daphnia pulex
      Water flea
      Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_346995
      Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091G126J )
      Organism
      Common Name
      Gene
      Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
      Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
      Purple sea urchin
      Spur\Sp-Bmal
      Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
      Purple sea urchin
      Spur\Sp-Bmal_1
      Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
      Purple sea urchin
      Spur\SPU_005453gn
      Gallus gallus
      Domestic chicken
      Ggal\ARNTL2
      Gallus gallus
      Domestic chicken
      Ggal\ARNTL
      Human Disease Model Data
      FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
        Alleles Reported to Model Human Disease (Disease Ontology)
        Download
        Models ( 0 )
        Allele
        Disease
        Evidence
        References
        Interactions ( 0 )
        Allele
        Disease
        Interaction
        References
        Comments ( 0 )
         
        Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)
        Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
        Homo sapiens (Human)
        Gene name
        Score
        OMIM
        OMIM Phenotype
        Complementation?
        Transgene?
        ARNTL; aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator like
        13 of 15
        602550
          ARNTL2; aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator like 2
          11 of 15
          614517
            Functional Complementation Data
            Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
            Interactions
            Summary of Physical Interactions
            Summary of Genetic Interactions
            esyN Network Diagram
            esyN Network Key:
            Suppression
            Enhancement
            View in Interactions Browser
            Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            Clk
            suppressible
            cyc
            (Kadener et al., 2008)
            External Data
            Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
            Efficient DNA binding requires dimerization with another bHLH protein. Forms a heterodimer with Clock in order to activate PER and TIM transcription.
            (UniProt, O61734 )
            Linkouts
            BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
            Pathways
            Gene Group - Pathway Membership (FlyBase)
            External Data
            Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
            Chromosome (arm)
            3L
            Recombination map
            3-46
            Cytogenetic map
            76C6-76C6
            Sequence location
            3L:19,813,770..19,815,938 [-]
            FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Evidence for location
            76C6-76C6
            Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(3)L3809L3809 and P{lacW}l(3)L1243L1243&P{lacW}Mi-2j3D4
            Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Notes
            References
            76C-76D
            (Rutila, 1998.5.15)
            76C-76C
            (Darlington, 1998.5.21)
            76C-76C
            (determined by in situ hybridisation)
            (Darlington et al., 1998)
            Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
            Location
            3-46
            (FlyBase, 2016)
            3-43.2
            (Comeron et al., 2012)
            3-
            (Rutila et al., 1998)
            Left of (cM)
            (Rutila et al., 1998)
            Right of (cM)
            (Rutila et al., 1998)
            Notes
            Stocks and Reagents
            Stocks (12)
            Genomic Clones (8)
             

            Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

            cDNA Clones (20)
             

            Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

            cDNA clones, fully sequences
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

            For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

            cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
            RNAi and Array Information
            Linkouts
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
            Antibody Information
            Laboratory Generated Antibodies
             
            Commercially Available Antibodies
             
            Other Information
            Relationship to Other Genes
            Source for database identify of
            Source for database merge of
            Source for merge of: cyc Mop3
            (FlyBase, 1996-)
            Additional comments
            Source for merge of cyc Mop3 was sequence comparison ( date:000202 ).
            (FlyBase, 1996-)
            Other Comments
            DNA-protein interactions: genome-wide binding profile (ChIP-chip) assayed for cyc protein in adult heads; see GEO_GSE32613 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE32613).
            (Abruzzi et al., 2011)
            Clk and cyc proteins interact in the cytoplasm of S2R+ cells and heterodimerisation promotes nuclear import as well as phosphorylation of cytoplasmic Clk protein.
            (Maurer et al., 2009)
            cry functions as a repressor of Clk/cyc-activated transcription.
            (Collins et al., 2006)
            dco-mediated hyperphosphorylation of Clk does not require cyc or the DNA-binding domain of Clk.
            (Kim and Edery, 2006)
            Clk and cyc, along with other circadian genes per and dco (but not tim) have roles in regulating cocaine sensitization and may function as regulators of Tdc.
            (Andretic et al., 1999)
            Sensitization to repeated cocaine exposures, a phenomenon also seen in humans and animal models and associated with enhanced drug craving, is eliminated in flies mutant for per, dco, Clk, and cyc but not tim.
            (Andretic et al., 1999)
            Clk mRNA cycling is regulated by per-tim-mediated release of Clk- and cyc-dependent repression.
            (Glossop et al., 1999)
            Daily cycles in the association of per and tim proteins with the Clk-cyc complex may contribute to rhythmic expression of per and tim.
            (Lee et al., 1999)
            The tim-induced per mRNA level increase does not require cyc.
            (Suri et al., 1999)
            Mutation of the cyc gene produces flies that are behaviourally arrhythmic and have little per or tim transcription.
            (Rutila et al., 1998)
            Arrhythmic mutant. per and tim transcription levels are low and constant in cyc mutants.
            (So et al., 1997)
            Origin and Etymology
            Discoverer
            Etymology
            Identification
            External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 47 )
            Crossreferences
            NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
            GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
            GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
            RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
            UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            Other crossreferences
            BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
            InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
            KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.
            Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
            Linkouts
            BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
            FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
            FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
            Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
            Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
            FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
            Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
            GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
            Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
            InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
            KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
            modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
            Synonyms and Secondary IDs (22)
            Reported As
            Symbol Synonym
            BMAL1
            (Hendricks et al., 2003, Darlington, 1998.5.21)
            Bmal1
            (Roenneberg and Merrow, 2003)
            CG8727
            (Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Stevens et al., 2008, Stevens et al., 2008)
            CYC
            (Giebultowicz, 2018, Krzeptowski et al., 2018, Pilorz et al., 2018, Xue and Zhang, 2018, Young, 2018, He et al., 2017, Liu et al., 2017, Erion et al., 2016, Ito and Tomioka, 2016, Lee et al., 2016, Mazzoccoli et al., 2016, Jaumouillé et al., 2015, Lerner et al., 2015, Merbitz-Zahradnik and Wolf, 2015, Zordan and Sandrelli, 2015, Anderson and Adolphs, 2014, Lee et al., 2014, Tataroglu and Emery, 2014, Weiss et al., 2014, Cheng et al., 2013, Erion and Sehgal, 2013, Górska-Andrzejak, 2013, Itoh et al., 2013, Abruzzi et al., 2011, Goda et al., 2011, Lan and Mezić, 2011, Weber et al., 2011, Fathallah-Shaykh, 2010, Gummadova et al., 2009, Yu et al., 2009, Dunlap, 2008, Kivimäe et al., 2008, Xu et al., 2008, Weber et al., 2007, Collins et al., 2006, Dunlap, 2006, Reppert, 2006, Yu and Hardin, 2006, Yu et al., 2006, Nawathean and Rosbash, 2004, Wang et al., 2001)
            CYCLE
            (Erion and Sehgal, 2013, Itoh et al., 2013, Goda et al., 2011, Hastings and Maywood, 2000, Lee et al., 1999)
            Cyc
            (Kučerová et al., 2016, Lerner et al., 2015, Ghezzi et al., 2013, Hardin, 2000, Loudon et al., 2000)
            Cycle
            (Górska-Andrzejak, 2013, Shaw and Franken, 2003)
            MOP3
            (Bae, 1998.6.2)
            Mop3
            TGO_CYC
            (Blatti et al., 2015)
            bHLHe7
            (Stevens et al., 2008)
            bMAL1
            (Liman, 1998)
            cyc
            (Filošević et al., 2018, Nazario-Toole et al., 2018, Noreen et al., 2018, Zhang et al., 2018, Lee et al., 2017, Liu et al., 2017, Park et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Vaccaro et al., 2017, Donelson and Sanyal, 2015, Giebultowicz and Long, 2015, Gill et al., 2015, Grotewiel and Bettinger, 2015, Lerner et al., 2015, Liu et al., 2015, Pasco et al., 2015, Schertel et al., 2015, Tataroglu and Emery, 2015, Thimgan et al., 2015, Tomita et al., 2015, Zwarts et al., 2015, Liu et al., 2014, Victorsen and White, 2014.4.15, Joiner et al., 2013, Krupp et al., 2013, Lee et al., 2013, Lim and Allada, 2013, Mehta and Cheng, 2013, Pandey et al., 2013, Pohl et al., 2013, Rakshit et al., 2013, Sivachenko et al., 2013, Bywalez et al., 2012, Chen et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Kaun et al., 2012, Luo et al., 2012, Rakshit et al., 2012, Ruben et al., 2012, Abruzzi et al., 2011, Diangelo et al., 2011, Goda et al., 2011, Ito et al., 2011, Itoh et al., 2011, Lone and Sharma, 2011, Beaver et al., 2010, Blanchard et al., 2010, Chatterjee et al., 2010, Cooper et al., 2010, Fujii and Amrein, 2010, Gegear et al., 2010, Keene et al., 2010, Kula-Eversole et al., 2010, Li et al., 2010, Menet et al., 2010, Nagoshi et al., 2010, Thimgan et al., 2010, Xie et al., 2010, Bahn et al., 2009, Currie et al., 2009, Dworkin et al., 2009, Fathallah-Shaykh et al., 2009, Gummadova et al., 2009, Hung et al., 2009, Kempinger et al., 2009, Kilman and Allada, 2009, Maurer et al., 2009, Sehadova et al., 2009, Benito et al., 2008, Fujii et al., 2008, Houl et al., 2008, Ito et al., 2008, Kadener et al., 2008, Krishnan et al., 2008, Lee and Edery, 2008, Miura et al., 2008, Ogawa et al., 2008, Ratan et al., 2008, Tanoue et al., 2008, Taylor and Hardin, 2008, T et al., 2008, Xu et al., 2008, Yang et al., 2008, Fujii et al., 2007, Hung et al., 2007, Kurata et al., 2007, Lim et al., 2007, Vosshall, 2007, Williams et al., 2007, Yoshii et al., 2007, Chen et al., 2006, Ganguly-Fitzgerald et al., 2006, Ni et al., 2006, Rosbash, 2006.8.10, Seugnet et al., 2006, Van Gelder, 2006, Yuan et al., 2006, Cyran et al., 2005, Mazzoni et al., 2005, Yuan et al., 2005, Yuan et al., 2005, Beaver et al., 2003, Hendricks et al., 2003, Yoshii et al., 2002)
            dBMAL
            (Andretic and Hirsh, 1999)
            dBMAL1
            (Ishida et al., 2001, Aasland, 1998, Aasland, 1998)
            dBma1
            (Loudon et al., 2000)
            dBmal
            (Lucas and Foster, 1999)
            dCYC
            (Beckwith et al., 2011, Emery and Reppert, 2004)
            dbmal
            (Crosthwaite, 2004)
            dbmal1
            (Darlington et al., 1998, Green, 1998, Reppert, 1998, Schibler, 1998)
            Name Synonyms
            CYCLE
            (Huang, 2018, Mendoza-Viveros et al., 2017, Jaumouillé et al., 2015, Weiss et al., 2014, Luo et al., 2012, Abruzzi et al., 2011, Beckwith et al., 2011, Yu et al., 2009, Houl et al., 2008, Dunlap, 2006, Yu and Hardin, 2006, Yu et al., 2006, Mazzoni et al., 2005)
            Cycle
            (Young, 2018, Mazzoccoli et al., 2016, Potdar and Sheeba, 2013, Gegear et al., 2010, T et al., 2008)
            brain and muscle ARNT-like 1
            (Darlington, 1998.5.21)
            cycle
            (Tomita et al., 2017, Di Cara and King-Jones, 2016, Kučerová et al., 2016, Donelson and Sanyal, 2015, Lerner et al., 2015, Yurgel et al., 2015, Itskov and Ribeiro, 2013, Lee et al., 2013, Lim and Allada, 2013, Rakshit et al., 2013, Thimgan et al., 2013, Kaun et al., 2012, Linford et al., 2012, Rakshit et al., 2012, Goda et al., 2011, Lone and Sharma, 2011, Keene et al., 2010, Li et al., 2010, McDonald and Keene, 2010, Menet et al., 2010, Bahn et al., 2009, Gummadova et al., 2009, Sehadova et al., 2009, Dunlap, 2008, Lee and Edery, 2008, Vosshall, 2007, Lee et al., 2006, Van Gelder, 2006, Yuan et al., 2005, Beaver et al., 2003, Hendricks et al., 2003, Darlington et al., 1998, Rutila, 1998.5.15, So et al., 1997)
            Secondary FlyBase IDs
            • FBgn0024953
            • FBgn0025108
            Datasets (0)
            Study focus (0)
            Experimental Role
            Project
            Project Type
            Title
            References (319)