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Gene Dmel\Pdf

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Pdf	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	Pigment-dispersing factor	Annotation symbol	CG6496
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0023178
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	6 publicly available
Also Known As	PDH, PAP, cPDH, Drm-pdf
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3R	Recombination map	3-
Cytogenetic map	97B3-97B3	Sequence location	3R:22,281,184..22,281,863 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene Pigment-dispersing factor is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\Pdf (CG6496, FBgn0023178). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: receptor binding. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: circadian rhythm; regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle; locomotor rhythm; circadian sleep/wake cycle; gravitaxis; entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod. 7 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: LNd neuron; LNv neuron; mesothoracic tergum. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: Pigment-dispersing hormone. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderate expression to a trough of no expression detected. Peak expression observed within 18-24 hour embryonic stages, during early larval stages, in adult male stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult central nervous system. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, larval central nervous system. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1633908_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of Pdf. Gene sequence location is 3R:22281184..22281863.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
External Summaries
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 97B3-97B3   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)rQ197rQ197 and P{lacW}scribj7B3
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 97B-97B     (Park, 1998.11.22) 97B-97B   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Park and Hall, 1998)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	3- (Park and Hall, 1997)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Pdf for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.44 Gene model reviewed during 5.47
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) Pdf-RA FBtr0085024  NM_079793   680   102
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	0.8 (northern blot) (Park and Hall, 1998)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein Pdf-PA   FBpp0084396   11.5   102   8.30     NP_524517   AAF56593
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	102, 18 (aa) (Park and Hall, 1998)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Pigment-dispersing hormone (IPR009396)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE014297 AAF56593   AF110059 AAC98309   AX154654   AX154912   AY071681 AAL49303   BI570898   BI572843   BI583192   BI583262   BI583277   BI589660   BI616532   BI622068   BI622130   CO194793   EL876535   GH963250   GH966347
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	O96690
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 13 -- 16   embryonic/larval nervous system   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral midline   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral midline neuron   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral nerve cord   (Fisher et al., 2012) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage   adult head   (Park and Hall, 1998)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Transcript levels are higher in heads of male flies than female flies. There is no robust or regular oscillation of Pdf expression evident in males or females. (Park and Hall, 1998)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
distribution deduced from reporter (Gal4 UAS) Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage   medulla | restricted   (Damulewicz and Pyza, 2011) immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference larval stage   larval s-LNv Pdf neuron   (Helfrich-Forster, 1997) larval Pdf neuron close to calyx   (Helfrich-Forster, 1997) larval Pdf neuron of abdominal neuromere   (Helfrich-Forster, 1997) first instar larval stage   larval LN period neuron | subset   (Malpel et al., 2002) third instar larval stage   cell body of larval LN period neuron   (Blau and Young, 1999) larval LN period neuron   • axon (Blau and Young, 1999) larval LN period neuron | subset   (Malpel et al., 2002) larval LN period neuron   (Kaneko et al., 1997) larval s-LNv Pdf neuron   (Blanchardon et al., 2001) larval Pdf neuron of abdominal neuromere   (Blanchardon et al., 2001) larval Pdf neuron   (Herrero et al., 2003) pupal stage   pupal l-LNv Pdf neuron   (Helfrich-Forster, 1997) pupal Pdf neuron close to calyx   (Helfrich-Forster, 1997) pupal Pdf neuron close to tritocerebrum   (Helfrich-Forster, 1997) pupal s-LNv Pdf neuron   (Helfrich-Forster, 1997) adult stage   s-LNv Pdf neuron   (Helfrich-Forster, 1998, Nitabach et al., 2006, Rieger et al., 2006, Yoshii et al., 2005, Helfrich-Forster, 1997, Renn et al., 1999, Shafer et al., 2006, Shafer et al., 2002, Helfrich-Forster and Homberg, 1993, Helfrich-Forster et al., 2007, Blanchardon et al., 2001, Damulewicz and Pyza, 2011) l-LNv neuron   (Helfrich-Forster, 1998, Rieger et al., 2006, Kadener et al., 2006, Yoshii et al., 2005, Helfrich-Forster, 1997, Renn et al., 1999, Shafer et al., 2006, Helfrich-Forster and Homberg, 1993, Helfrich-Forster et al., 2007, Blanchardon et al., 2001, Damulewicz and Pyza, 2011) Pdf neuron close to calyx   (Helfrich-Forster, 1998, Helfrich-Forster, 1997, Helfrich-Forster and Homberg, 1993, Shafer and Taghert, 2009) Pdf neuron close to tritocerebrum   (Helfrich-Forster, 1998, Helfrich-Forster, 1997, Renn et al., 1999, Helfrich-Forster and Homberg, 1993, Shafer and Taghert, 2009, Blanchardon et al., 2001) s-LNv neuron   (Kadener et al., 2006) LNv neuron   (Yoshii et al., 2005) Pdf neuron of abdominal neuromere   (Helfrich-Forster, 1997, Renn et al., 1999, Helfrich-Forster and Homberg, 1993, Shafer and Taghert, 2009) adult pacemaker neuron   (Yoshii et al., 2008) Pdf neuron   (Yoshii et al., 2008) LNv neuron | subset   (Yang and Sehgal, 2001) LNv neuron   • cytoplasm (Shafer et al., 2002) accessory medulla | restricted   (Shafer et al., 2002) LN Pdf neuron   (Helfrich-Forster and Homberg, 1993, Malpel et al., 2002) small adult Pdf neuron of abdominal segment   (Helfrich-Forster and Homberg, 1993) large adult Pdf neuron of abdominal neuromere   (Helfrich-Forster and Homberg, 1993) adult Pdf neuron   (Shafer and Taghert, 2009) posterior optic commissure   (Shafer and Taghert, 2009) optic lobe | restricted   (Shafer and Taghert, 2009) inferred from author statements Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference third instar larval stage   larval s-LNv Pdf neuron   (Renn et al., 1999)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Expression of Pdf in the lateral neurons is first detected at about 6 hours into the first instar larval stage. (Malpel et al., 2002) Pdf gene is expressed in three cell types of the adults: four of the five small LNv neurons, two to four neurons close to the tritocerebrum, and four to six neurons of the abdominal neuromere. (Renn et al., 1999) Pdf is expressed in the small LNvs which are located in both anterior brain hemispheres between the central brain and medulla at the level of the esophageal foramen. The large LNvs give rise to a network of fibers that cover the anterior medulla and, via the posterior optic tract, the posterior medulla. Pdf staining generally appears weaker in the s-LNv Pdf neurons than the l-LNv neurons. (Helfrich-Forster, 1998) Pdf immunolocalization is exclusively found in the cytoplasm and arborizations of the neurons it is expressed in. (Rieger et al., 2006) Pdf is first seen expressed within four of the five s-LNv neurons 4-5hrs after hatching and is maintained through to adulthood. In late L1 larvae, Pdf expression is seen within 2-4 cells lying close to the dorsal cortex, and expression is also seen within eight neurons of the eighth abdominal neuromere. Both of these expression patterns remain into adulthood, though the Pdf expression in the cells of the fused adult abdominal ganglion is found only in four (with an occasional 2 extra) neurons. At approximately 50% of pupation, Pdf is expressed in the l-LNv neurons - 6-8 cells located in the lateral protocerebrum, generally anterior and dorsal to the s-LNv neuronal cluster, and continues through to adulthood. At the same time, Pdf expression becomes evident in 2-4 anterioventrally located cells close to the tritocerebrum, but this expression is lost by four days post-eclosion. (Helfrich-Forster, 1997) Pdf protein is expressed in all of the l-LNv and four of the five s-LNv neurons. It also labels their projections to the medulla. (Damulewicz and Pyza, 2011) Pdf protein in the adult is expressed in the s-LNv Pdf positive neurons, l-LNv neurons and the Pdf neurons in the tritocerebrum. On the third instar larval stage it is expressed in the s-LNv Pdf neurons and Pdf neurons of the abdominal neuromere. (Blanchardon et al., 2001)
Marker for
	Pdf neuron larval lateral neuron adult Pdf neuron
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{Pdf-GAL4.P1.0} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference larval stage   larval LN period neuron   (Park et al., 2000) ventral nerve cord | posterior   (Park et al., 2000) adult stage   abdominal neuromere   (Park et al., 2000) LNv neuron   (Park et al., 2000) Reporter: P{Pdf-GAL4.P1.4} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference larval stage   larval LN period neuron   (Park et al., 2000) ventral nerve cord | posterior   (Park et al., 2000) adult stage   abdominal neuromere   (Park et al., 2000) LNv neuron   (Park et al., 2000) Reporter: P{Pdf-GAL4.P2.4} Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference larval stage   larval LN period neuron   (Park et al., 2000) ventral nerve cord | posterior   (Park et al., 2000) wandering third instar larval stage   LNv neuron   (Rodriguez Moncalvo and Campos, 2005) adult stage   abdominal neuromere   (Park et al., 2000) LNv neuron   (Park et al., 2000) s-LNv Pdf neuron   (Nitabach et al., 2006, Renn et al., 1999, Blanchard et al., 2010, Hamasaka and Nassel, 2006) l-LNv neuron   (Renn et al., 1999, Yoshii et al., 2008, Blanchard et al., 2010, Hamasaka and Nassel, 2006) LNd neuron   (Yoshii et al., 2008) s-LNv neuron   (Yoshii et al., 2008) Pdf neuron of abdominal neuromere   (Blanchard et al., 2010)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult central nervous system. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, larval central nervous system. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    121.45 Larval Midgut    3 Larval Hindgut    0.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.7 Larval Fat Body    1.2 Larval Salivary Gland    1.2 Larval Trachea    0.55 Larval Carcass    1.925 Adult Head    368.4 Adult Eye    12.675 Adult Brain    1365.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    539.5 Adult Crop    1.9 Adult Midgut    1.8 Adult Hindgut    1.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.4 Adult Fat Body    2.6 Adult Salivary Gland    3.2 Adult Heart    1.325 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    1.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1.1 Adult Ovary    1.1 Adult Testis    1.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.5 Adult Carcass    16.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    121.45 Larval Midgut    3 Larval Hindgut    0.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.7 Larval Fat Body    1.2 Larval Salivary Gland    1.2 Larval Trachea    0.55 Larval Carcass    1.925 Adult Head    368.4 Adult Eye    12.675 Adult Brain  (1365.2) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (539.5) Adult Crop    1.9 Adult Midgut    1.8 Adult Hindgut    1.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.4 Adult Fat Body    2.6 Adult Salivary Gland    3.2 Adult Heart    1.325 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    1.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1.1 Adult Ovary    1.1 Adult Testis    1.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.5 Adult Carcass    16.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    121.45 Larval Midgut    3 Larval Hindgut    0.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.7 Larval Fat Body    1.2 Larval Salivary Gland    1.2 Larval Trachea    0.55 Larval Carcass    1.925 Adult Head    368.4 Adult Eye    12.675 Adult Brain  (1365.2) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    539.5 Adult Crop    1.9 Adult Midgut    1.8 Adult Hindgut    1.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.4 Adult Fat Body    2.6 Adult Salivary Gland    3.2 Adult Heart    1.325 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    1.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1.1 Adult Ovary    1.1 Adult Testis    1.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.5 Adult Carcass    16.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    121.45 Larval Midgut    3 Larval Hindgut    0.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.7 Larval Fat Body    1.2 Larval Salivary Gland    1.2 Larval Trachea    0.55 Larval Carcass    1.925 Adult Head    368.4 Adult Eye    12.675 Adult Brain    1365.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    539.5 Adult Crop    1.9 Adult Midgut    1.8 Adult Hindgut    1.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.4 Adult Fat Body    2.6 Adult Salivary Gland    3.2 Adult Heart    1.325 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    1.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1.1 Adult Ovary    1.1 Adult Testis    1.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.5 Adult Carcass    16.7 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    121.45 Larval Midgut    3 Larval Hindgut    0.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.7 Larval Fat Body    1.2 Larval Salivary Gland    1.2 Larval Trachea    0.55 Larval Carcass    1.925 Adult Head    368.4 Adult Eye    12.675 Adult Brain    1365.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    539.5 Adult Crop    1.9 Adult Midgut    1.8 Adult Hindgut    1.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.4 Adult Fat Body    2.6 Adult Salivary Gland    3.2 Adult Heart    1.325 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    1.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1.1 Adult Ovary    1.1 Adult Testis    1.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.5 Adult Carcass    16.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    121.45 Larval Midgut    3 Larval Hindgut    0.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.7 Larval Fat Body    1.2 Larval Salivary Gland    1.2 Larval Trachea    0.55 Larval Carcass    1.925 Adult Head    368.4 Adult Eye    12.675 Adult Brain  (1365.2) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  539.5 Adult Crop    1.9 Adult Midgut    1.8 Adult Hindgut    1.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.4 Adult Fat Body    2.6 Adult Salivary Gland    3.2 Adult Heart    1.325 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    1.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1.1 Adult Ovary    1.1 Adult Testis    1.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.5 Adult Carcass    16.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    121.45 Larval Midgut    3 Larval Hindgut    0.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.7 Larval Fat Body    1.2 Larval Salivary Gland    1.2 Larval Trachea    0.55 Larval Carcass    1.925 Adult Head    368.4 Adult Eye    12.675 Adult Brain  1365.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    539.5 Adult Crop    1.9 Adult Midgut    1.8 Adult Hindgut    1.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.4 Adult Fat Body    2.6 Adult Salivary Gland    3.2 Adult Heart    1.325 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    1.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1.1 Adult Ovary    1.1 Adult Testis    1.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.5 Adult Carcass    16.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    121.45 Larval Midgut    3 Larval Hindgut    0.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1.7 Larval Fat Body    1.2 Larval Salivary Gland    1.2 Larval Trachea    0.55 Larval Carcass    1.925 Adult Head    368.4 Adult Eye    12.675 Adult Brain    1365.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    539.5 Adult Crop    1.9 Adult Midgut    1.8 Adult Hindgut    1.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.4 Adult Fat Body    2.6 Adult Salivary Gland    3.2 Adult Heart    1.325 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    1.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1.1 Adult Ovary    1.1 Adult Testis    1.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    3.5 Adult Carcass    16.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    368.4   NA  Eye    no informative data   NA  Brain    1365.2   121.45  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    539.5   NA  Crop    1.9   3  Midgut    1.8   0.9  Hindgut    1.5   1.7  Malpighian Tubules    1.4   1.2  Fat Body    2.6   1.2  Salivary Gland    3.2   NA  Heart    1.325   0.55  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    1.6   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1.1   NA  Ovary    1.1   NA  Testis    1.1   NA  Male Accessory Gland    3.5   1.925  Carcass    no informative data FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    12 central nervous system, pupae P8    6 head, virgin 1-day female    17 head, virgin 4-day female    18 head, virgin 20-day female    28 head, mated 1-day female    13 head, mated 4-day female    17 head, mated 20-day female    22 head, mated 1-day male    19 head, mated 4-day male    37 head, mated 20-day male    45 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    12 central nervous system, pupae P8    6 head, virgin 1-day female    17 head, virgin 4-day female    18 head, virgin 20-day female  (28) head, mated 1-day female    13 head, mated 4-day female    17 head, mated 20-day female    22 head, mated 1-day male    19 head, mated 4-day male  (37) head, mated 20-day male  (45) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    12 central nervous system, pupae P8    6 head, virgin 1-day female    17 head, virgin 4-day female    18 head, virgin 20-day female    28 head, mated 1-day female    13 head, mated 4-day female    17 head, mated 20-day female    22 head, mated 1-day male    19 head, mated 4-day male    37 head, mated 20-day male    45 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    12 central nervous system, pupae P8    6 head, virgin 1-day female    17 head, virgin 4-day female    18 head, virgin 20-day female    28 head, mated 1-day female    13 head, mated 4-day female    17 head, mated 20-day female    22 head, mated 1-day male    19 head, mated 4-day male    37 head, mated 20-day male    45 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    12 central nervous system, pupae P8    6 head, virgin 1-day female    17 head, virgin 4-day female    18 head, virgin 20-day female    28 head, mated 1-day female    13 head, mated 4-day female    17 head, mated 20-day female    22 head, mated 1-day male    19 head, mated 4-day male    37 head, mated 20-day male    45 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    12 central nervous system, pupae P8    6 head, virgin 1-day female    17 head, virgin 4-day female    18 head, virgin 20-day female  28 head, mated 1-day female    13 head, mated 4-day female    17 head, mated 20-day female    22 head, mated 1-day male    19 head, mated 4-day male  (37) head, mated 20-day male  (45) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    12 central nervous system, pupae P8    6 head, virgin 1-day female    17 head, virgin 4-day female    18 head, virgin 20-day female    28 head, mated 1-day female    13 head, mated 4-day female    17 head, mated 20-day female    22 head, mated 1-day male    19 head, mated 4-day male    37 head, mated 20-day male    45 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    12 central nervous system, pupae P8    6 head, virgin 1-day female    17 head, virgin 4-day female    18 head, virgin 20-day female    28 head, mated 1-day female    13 head, mated 4-day female    17 head, mated 20-day female    22 head, mated 1-day male    19 head, mated 4-day male    37 head, mated 20-day male    45 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderate expression to a trough of no expression detected. Peak expression observed within 18-24 hour embryonic stages, during early larval stages, in adult male stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    1 embryo 12-14hr    1 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    8 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    9 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    2 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    7 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    4 adult female 05day    2 adult female 30day    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    1 embryo 12-14hr    1 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    8 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    9 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    2 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    7 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    4 adult female 05day    2 adult female 30day    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    1 embryo 12-14hr    1 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    8 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    9 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    2 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    7 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    4 adult female 05day    2 adult female 30day    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    1 embryo 12-14hr    1 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    8 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    9 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    2 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    7 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    4 adult female 05day    2 adult female 30day    2 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    1 embryo 12-14hr    1 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    8 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    9 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    2 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    7 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    4 adult female 05day    2 adult female 30day    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    1 embryo 12-14hr    1 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    8 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    9 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    2 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    7 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    4 adult female 05day    2 adult female 30day    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    1 embryo 12-14hr    1 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    8 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    9 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    2 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    7 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    4 adult female 05day    2 adult female 30day    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    1 embryo 12-14hr    1 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    8 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    9 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    2 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    1 white prepupae 12hr    1 white prepupae 24hr    1 pupae 2d postWPP    2 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    7 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    4 adult female 05day    2 adult female 30day    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_20 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_11
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • RH08487 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0023178 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG6496-RA FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for Pdf Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele partially lethal - majority die | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 PdfGD299 Other Phenotypes Allele behavior defective Pdf01 Pdf+t3.530 behavior defective | recessive Pdf01 body color defective, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 PdfGD299 circadian behavior defective Pdf01 circadian behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4tim.Scer\UAS PdfGD299 circadian behavior defective | adult stage Pdf01 circadian behavior defective | recessive Pdf01 circadian rhythm defective Pdf01 gravitaxis defective Pdf01 locomotor rhythm defective Pdf01 locomotor rhythm defective | recessive Pdf01 photoperiod response variant Pdf01 Phenotype manifest in Allele LNd neuron Pdf01 LNv neuron Pdf01 mesothoracic tergum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 PdfGD299
Classical Alleles ( 1 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of Pdf Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion Pdf01 1 Yes
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 6 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of Pdf Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion PdfGD17520 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes PdfGD299 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes PdfJF01820 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes Pdf+t3.530 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes Pdfpp.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\MII in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes PdfScer\UAS.cRa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3R)Tl84cRPA (Renn et al., 1999) Df(3R)Tl-P (Renn et al., 1999) Df(3R)Tl-X (Renn et al., 1999)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data GAL4 construct P{Pdf-GAL4.P0.8} No P{Pdf-GAL4.P1.0} No P{Pdf-GAL4.P1.4} No P{Pdf-GAL4.P2.4} No P{Pdf-GAL80.S} No P{Pdf-GS} No UAS construct P{GD299} NA P{GD17520} NA P{TRiP.JF01820} NA P{UAS-Pdf.R} NA P{UAS-ppMII} NA characterization construct P{Pdf+t3.530} NA P{Pdf-DTI} NA P{Pdf-LexA.VP16} NA P{Pdf-LexA.Y} NA P{Pdf-RFP.R} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 12 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 7 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
receptor binding inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9W4Y2 (assigned by UniProtKB) (Hyun et al., 2005)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
circadian rhythm inferred from mutant phenotype (Lin et al., 2004) circadian sleep/wake cycle inferred from mutant phenotype (Parisky et al., 2008) entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod inferred from mutant phenotype (Klarsfeld et al., 2004, Shafer and Taghert, 2009) gravitaxis inferred from direct assay (Mertens et al., 2005) inferred from mutant phenotype (Toma et al., 2002) locomotor rhythm inferred from mutant phenotype (Peng et al., 2003) inferred from mutant phenotype (assigned by UniProtKB) (Renn et al., 1999) regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle inferred from mutant phenotype (Chung et al., 2009)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 7 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
hormone activity inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR009396 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) neuropeptide hormone activity non-traceable author statement (Park and Hall, 1997, Hewes and Taghert, 2001) traceable author statement (vanden Broeck, 2001)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
circadian rhythm non-traceable author statement (Sokolowski, 2001) traceable author statement (vanden Broeck, 2001, Stanewsky, 2003) eclosion rhythm traceable author statement (Panda et al., 2002) locomotor rhythm non-traceable author statement (Sokolowski, 2001) traceable author statement (Panda et al., 2002) neuropeptide signaling pathway traceable author statement (vanden Broeck, 2001)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
extracellular region inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR009396 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Pdf - Bacc anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Pdf - CG10077 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Pdf - CG15220 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Pdf - CG16753 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Pdf - CG1785 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Pdf - CG17912 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Pdf - CG3817 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Pdf - CG43444 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Pdf - CG4611 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Pdf - CG5642 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Pdf - CG5746 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Pdf - Cdc5 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Pdf - Cg25C anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Pdf - Jupiter anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Pdf - NHP2 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Pdf - Pxn anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Pdf - RpL7-like anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Pdf - RpS10b anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Pdf - Rs1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Pdf - Rsf1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Pdf - Tango7 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Pdf - U4-U6-60K anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Pdf - eIF3-S8 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Pdf - hipk anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Pdf - isoQC anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Pdf - mRpL15 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Pdf - mRpL4 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Pdf - mRpS7 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Pdf - mTerf3 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) Pdf - vkg anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions Pdf allele Gene References
External Data
Linkouts	DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0023178 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0023178
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (15) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6K3MH3 Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6RNBK4 Insect inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Arthropod inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Metazoa inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6K3MH3)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\Pdf     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD18135 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM10183 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG12188 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE10630 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF18882 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA19638 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL24178 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK11356 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\Pdf Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI10669 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH14136 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6RNBK4)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL001754   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\PDH   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ004895
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (None identified)
No non-Dipteran orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (None identified)
No non-Insect Arthropod orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (None identified)
No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
Human Orthologs (0)
Gene OMIM HGNC
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD18135 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM10183 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG12188 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE10630 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF18882 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA19638 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL24178 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK11356 Drosophila virilis Dvir\Pdf Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI10669 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH14136
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 6 )
Bloomington	26654 y1 w*; Pdf01 25802 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF01820}attP2
VDRC	v4380 w1118; P{GD299}v4380 v4382 w1118; P{GD299}v4382 v50749 w1118; P{GD17520}v50749 v50750 w1118; P{GD17520}v50750
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR15K06 BACR48G23 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 14 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	RH08487
Other clones	DPiM_RH08487
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	RH03131 RH05684 RH21729 RH21817 RH21840 RH46504 RH53882 RH53955
Other clones	EC39233 IP06478 RP004480572 RP004516568
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0023178 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 43193
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Pirooznia et al., 2012, Renn et al., 1999, Lim et al., 2007, Fernandez et al., 2008, Depetris-Chauvin et al., 2011)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: Pdf anon-WO0140519.261 anon-WO0140519.3 (FlyBase, 1996-) Source for merge of: Pdf BcDNA:RH08487 (FlyBase, 1996-)
Additional comments	Source for merge of Pdf anon-WO0140519.261 anon-WO0140519.3 was sequence comparison (date:051113). (FlyBase, 1996-) Source for merge of Pdf BcDNA:RH08487 was TrEMBL update (date:020807). (FlyBase, 1996-)
Other Comments
	Pdf is required for maintenance of circadian rhythms when flies are kept in constant darkness. (Peng et al., 2003) Pdf levels and cycling in the LNv neurons is unaffected in Fmr1 mutants. (Dockendorff et al., 2002) Pdf appears to be an important circadian mediator whose expression and function are downstream of the clockworks. (Park et al., 2000) Mutations in Pdf result in abnormalities in locomotor circadian rhythms. (Renn et al., 1999) Isolated to investigate relevence to modulation of circadian rhythms. (Park and Hall, 1997)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_079793 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_524517 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAC98309 AAF56593 AAL49303 AF110059 AX154654 AX154912 AY071681 BI572843 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 43193 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • O96690
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Pigment-dispersing hormone (IPR009396) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • RH08487
Linkouts
	DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0023178 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0023178 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0023178 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0023178 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG6496-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0023178 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 43193 Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /hjmuller/pigdsf1.htm modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0023178
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 27 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	anon-WO0140519.3   anon-WO0140519.261   BcDNA:RH08487   CG6496 (Yew et al., 2009, Reiher et al., 2011, Perkins et al., 1.15.2009, Wegener and Gorbashov, 2008, Hermann et al., 2012) cPDH (Collins et al., 2005, Dissel et al., 2004, ) Drm-pdf (Park and Hall, 1998) Drm-PDF (Park and Hall, 1997) Drm-PDH (vanden Broeck, 2001) PAP (Reeve et al., 2005, Tsai et al., 2004, Hewes et al., 2003, Renn et al., 1999, Depetris-Chauvin et al., 2011) pdf (Cusumano et al., 2009, Van Gelder et al., 2003, Zhao et al., 2003, Stanewsky, 2002, Rosato and Kyriacou, 2001, Stanewsky, 2003, Panda et al., 2002, Hendricks et al., 2002, Hendricks et al., 2001, Williams et al., 2001, Taghert et al., 2001, Jackson et al., 2001, Emery et al., 2000, Park et al., 2000, Scully and Kay, 2000, Renn et al., 1999, Barinaga, 1999, Park, 1998.11.22, Park and Hall, 1998, Wang et al., 2006, Parisky et al., 2008, Hung et al., 2007, Santos et al., 2007, Sundram et al., 2012, Melcher and Pankratz, 2005, Klarsfeld et al., 2004, Lin et al., 2004, Harrisingh et al., 2007, Fang et al., 2007, Mertens et al., 2005, Mertens et al., 2005, Lim et al., 2007, Kilman and Allada, 2009, Sprecher et al., 2011, Gong et al., 2010, Miyasako et al., 2007, de la Paz Fernandez et al., 2007, McBrayer et al., 2007, Picot et al., 2007, Murad et al., 2007, Suh and Jackson, 2007, Fernandez et al., 2008, Rezával et al., 2008, Busza et al., 2007, Lear et al., 2005, Wang et al., 2007, Sheeba et al., 2008, Berni et al., 2008, Chung et al., 2009, Kilman et al., 2009, Donlea et al., 2009, Isaac et al., 2007, Choi et al., 2009, Yoshii et al., 2008, Hamasaka and Nassel, 2006, Shafer et al., 2006, Blanchardon et al., 2001, Zhou et al., 2009, Shafer and Taghert, 2009, Park and Griffith, 2006, Dubruille et al., 2009, Wu et al., 2008, Kadener et al., 2009, Lamaze et al., 2011, Tomioka et al., 2008, Kula et al., 2006, Howlader et al., 2006, Zhou et al., 2005, Hendricks et al., 2003, Johard et al., 2009, Depetris-Chauvin et al., 2011, Liu et al., 2010, Beckwith et al., 2011, Kaneko et al., 2012) PDF (Herrero et al., 2003, Holmes and Sheeba, 2005, Dissel et al., 2004, Ashmore et al., 2003, Sathyanarayanan et al., 2004, Johnson et al., 2003, Peng et al., 2003, Malpel et al., 2002, Blau and Young, 1999, Helfrich-Forster and Homberg, 1993, Yuan et al., 2005, Hassan et al., 2005, Nitabach et al., 2005, Hamasaka et al., 2005, Chen et al., 2011, Cyran et al., 2005, Rieger et al., 2006, Nitabach, 2005, Neupert et al., 2007, Mertens et al., 2005, Hyun et al., 2005, Park et al., 2008, Birse et al., 2006, Shafer et al., 2008, Yew et al., 2009, Kadener et al., 2007, Mehnert and Cantera, 2011, Hung et al., 2009, Umezaki et al., 2011, Hara et al., 2011, Hamasaka et al., 2010, Hamasaka and Nassel, 2006, Ayaz et al., 2008, Lear et al., 2005, Landskron et al., 2009, Yoshii et al., 2009, Hung et al., 2009, Huang et al., 2009, Górska-Andrzejak et al., 2009, Johnson et al., 2005, Veenstra, 2009, Rieger et al., 2009, Shang et al., 2008, Johard et al., 2009, Helfrich-Forster et al., 2007, Hodge and Stanewsky, 2008, Jaramillo et al., 2004, Zhang et al., 2010, Zhao et al., 2010, Wang et al., 2008, Veenstra et al., 2008, Sun et al., 2010, Yasuyama and Meinertzhagen, 2010, Codd et al., 2007, Hector et al., 2009, Gonzalo-Gomez et al., 2012, Lim et al., 2011, Ng et al., 2011, Damulewicz and Pyza, 2011, Hamasaka et al., 2007, Houl et al., 2006, Keene et al., 2011, Lone and Sharma, 2011, Ling et al., 2012, Kauranen et al., 2012, Jepson et al., 2012, Zheng et al., 2007, Luo and Sehgal, 2012, Grima et al., 2012) Pdf (Wheeler et al., 2006, Kadener et al., 2006, Mazzoni et al., 2005, Choi et al., 2005, Im and Taghert, 2010, Lee et al., 2002, Fujii and Amrein, 2010, Stoleru et al., 2007, Harrisingh et al., 2007, Vosshall, 2007, Reiher et al., 2011, Wülbeck et al., 2009, Keene et al., 2011, Diangelo et al., 2011, Sheeba et al., 2008, Berni et al., 2008, Bahn et al., 2009, Akten et al., 2009, Knowles et al., 2009, Hall, 2003, Gauthier and Hewes, 2006, Lear et al., 2005, Zheng et al., 2009, Wegener and Gorbashov, 2008, Hamanaka et al., 2010, Yoshii et al., 2005, Wülbeck et al., 2008, Zheng and Sehgal, 2010, Keene et al., 2010, Sheeba et al., 2010, Kula-Eversole et al., 2010, Blanchard et al., 2010, Nagoshi et al., 2010, Hermann et al., 2012, Duvall and Taghert, 2012, Vanin et al., 2012, Thomas et al., 2012, Ruben et al., 2012) PDH (Helfrich-Forster et al., 2002, Feng et al., 2003, Naidoo et al., 1999, Pyza and Meinertzhagen, 1998, Yang et al., 1998, Helfrich-Forster and Homberg, 1993, Nassel et al., 1993, Im and Taghert, 2010, Kaneko et al., 1997, Petri and Stengl, 2001, Liu et al., 2010)
Name Synonym	PDF-associated peptide (Depetris-Chauvin et al., 2011) pigment-dispersing factor (Cusumano et al., 2009, Hendricks, 2003, Kadener et al., 2006, Santos et al., 2007, Lin et al., 2004, Neupert et al., 2007, Hyun et al., 2005, Mehnert and Cantera, 2011, Wülbeck et al., 2009, Akten et al., 2009, Knowles et al., 2009, Górska-Andrzejak et al., 2009, Choi et al., 2009, Johard et al., 2009, Yoshii et al., 2008, Picot et al., 2007, Zheng et al., 2009, Wülbeck et al., 2008, Yasuyama and Meinertzhagen, 2010, Lamaze et al., 2011, Hamasaka et al., 2007, Kula et al., 2006, Howlader et al., 2006, Hendricks et al., 2003, Gong et al., 2010, Zheng et al., 2007, Luo and Sehgal, 2012) pigment dispersing factor (Herrero et al., 2003, Sambandan et al., 2008, Roman and Davis, 2001, Stanewsky, 2002, Stanewsky, 2003, Fujii and Amrein, 2010, Park et al., 2008, Birse et al., 2006, Shafer et al., 2008, Lim et al., 2007, Sprecher et al., 2011, Umezaki et al., 2011, de la Paz Fernandez et al., 2007, Picot et al., 2007, Fernandez et al., 2008, Sheeba et al., 2008, Berni et al., 2008, Donlea et al., 2009, Johnson et al., 2005, Picot et al., 2009, Isaac et al., 2007, Blanchardon et al., 2001, Zhou et al., 2009, Shafer and Taghert, 2009, Jaramillo et al., 2004, Hector et al., 2009, Zhou et al., 2005) Pigment dispersing factor (Anholt and Mackay, 2004, Mazzoni et al., 2005, Hall, 2003, Veenstra, 2009, Keene et al., 2010) Pigment-dispersing factor (Park and Hall, 1997, Cho et al., 2005, Wheeler et al., 2006, Rieger et al., 2006, Harrisingh et al., 2007, Vosshall, 2007, Gauthier and Hewes, 2006, Veenstra et al., 2008, Keene et al., 2011) Pigment-Dispersing Factor (Cyran et al., 2005, Mertens et al., 2005, Yoshii et al., 2009, Lear et al., 2005) Pigment Dispersing Factor (Kilman et al., 2009, Zhao et al., 2010, Hodge and Stanewsky, 2008, Lone and Sharma, 2011, Vanin et al., 2012) PIGMENT-DISPERSING FACTOR (Zhang et al., 2010) PIGMENT DISPERSING FACTOR (Houl et al., 2006, Depetris-Chauvin et al., 2011) pigment dispersing hormone (Egerod et al., 2003, Jorgensen et al., 2006) Pigment-dispersing hormone (Naidoo et al., 1999, Helfrich-Forster and Homberg, 1993) pigment-dispersing hormone (Yang et al., 1998, Petri and Stengl, 2001) Pigment-dispersing hormone-like peptide (Nassel et al., 1993) pigment dispersion factor (McBrayer et al., 2007)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0044602 FBgn0044606 FBgn0047045
References ( 267 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 267 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 210 ) Supplementary material  ( 5 ) Review  ( 25 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 5 ) Abstract  ( 14 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 ) Website  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 1 ) Patent  ( 1 ) Letter  ( 1 ) Note  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 36 )
	Gorostiza and Ceriani, 2013, J. Neurosci. 33(2): 687--696 Retrograde bone morphogenetic protein signaling shapes a key circadian pacemaker circuit. [FBrf0220479] Choi et al., 2012, Cell Rep. 2(2): 332--344 Autoreceptor Control of Peptide/Neurotransmitter Corelease from PDF Neurons Determines Allocation of Circadian Activity in Drosophila. [FBrf0219328] Duvall and Taghert, 2012, PLoS Biol. 10(6): e1001337 The Circadian Neuropeptide PDF Signals Preferentially through a Specific Adenylate Cyclase Isoform AC3 in M Pacemakers of Drosophila. [FBrf0218594] Gonzalo-Gomez et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(5): e36477 Ih current is necessary to maintain normal dopamine fluctuations and sleep consolidation in Drosophila. [FBrf0218328] Grima et al., 2012, PLoS Biol. 10(8): e1001367 CULLIN-3 Controls TIMELESS Oscillations in the Drosophila Circadian Clock. [FBrf0219137] Hermann et al., 2012, J. Comp. Neurol. 520(5): 970--987 Neuropeptide F immunoreactive clock neurons modify evening locomotor activity and free-running period in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0217231] Jepson et al., 2012, PLoS Genet. 8(4): e1002671 dyschronic, a Drosophila Homolog of a Deaf-Blindness Gene, Regulates Circadian Output and Slowpoke Channels. [FBrf0218124] Kaneko et al., 2012, Curr. Biol. 22(19): 1851--1857 Circadian rhythm of temperature preference and its neural control in Drosophila. [FBrf0219631] Kauranen et al., 2012, J. Biol. Rhythms 27(5): 377--387 Flies in the North: Locomotor Behavior and Clock Neuron Organization of Drosophila montana. [FBrf0219502] Linford et al., 2012, PLoS Genet. 8(5): e1002668 Re-Patterning Sleep Architecture in Drosophila through Gustatory Perception and Nutritional Quality. [FBrf0218228] Ling et al., 2012, J. Neurosci. 32(47): 16959--16970 KAYAK-α Modulates Circadian Transcriptional Feedback Loops in Drosophila Pacemaker Neurons. [FBrf0219997] Luo and Sehgal, 2012, Cell 148(4): 765--779 Regulation of Circadian Behavioral Output via a MicroRNA-JAK/STAT Circuit. [FBrf0217497] Luo et al., 2012, Aging Cell 11(3): 428--438 Old flies have a robust central oscillator but weaker behavioral rhythms that can be improved by genetic and environmental manipulations. [FBrf0218380] Pirooznia et al., 2012, Genetics 192(4): 1327--1345 Epigenetic regulation of axonal growth of Drosophila pacemaker cells by histone acetyltransferase tip60 controls sleep. [FBrf0220123] Ruben et al., 2012, J. Biol. Rhythms 27(5): 353--364 A mechanism for circadian control of pacemaker neuron excitability. [FBrf0219602] Sundram et al., 2012, J. Biol. Rhythms 27(3): 183--195 Cellular Requirements for LARK in the Drosophila Circadian System. [FBrf0218481] Thomas et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(7): e40276 A Versatile Method for Cell-Specific Profiling of Translated mRNAs in Drosophila. [FBrf0218903] Ueno et al., 2012, Nat. Neurosci. 15(11): 1516--1523 Identification of a dopamine pathway that regulates sleep and arousal in Drosophila. [FBrf0219823] Vanin et al., 2012, Nature 484(7394): 371--375 Unexpected features of Drosophila circadian behavioural rhythms under natural conditions. [FBrf0218149] Beckwith et al., 2011, J. Biol. Rhythms 26(6): 518--529 Functional Conservation of Clock Output Signaling between Flies and Intertidal Crabs. [FBrf0217077] Chen et al., 2011, Curr. Biol. 21(9): 719--729 QUASIMODO, a Novel GPI-Anchored Zona Pellucida Protein Involved in Light Input to the Drosophila Circadian Clock. [FBrf0213611] Damulewicz and Pyza, 2011, PLoS ONE 6(6): e21258 The Clock Input to the First Optic Neuropil of Drosophila melanogaster Expressing Neuronal Circadian Plasticity. [FBrf0214354] Depetris-Chauvin et al., 2011, Curr. Biol. 21(21): 1783--1793 Adult-specific electrical silencing of pacemaker neurons uncouples molecular clock from circadian outputs. [FBrf0216659] Diangelo et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(5): e19921 The central clock neurons regulate lipid storage in Drosophila. [FBrf0213791] Goda et al., 2011, PLoS Genet. 7(7): e1002167 Adult Circadian Behavior in Drosophila Requires Developmental Expression of cycle, But Not period. [FBrf0214302] Hara et al., 2011, J. Neurosci. 31(27): 9982--9990 Post-Translational Regulation and Nuclear Entry of TIMELESS and PERIOD Are Affected in New timeless Mutant. [FBrf0214253] Keene et al., 2011, J. Neurosci. 31(17): 6527--6534 Distinct visual pathways mediate Drosophila larval light avoidance and circadian clock entrainment. [FBrf0213587] Klarsfeld et al., 2011, J. Neurosci. 31(48): 17406--17415 Identifying specific light inputs for each subgroup of brain clock neurons in Drosophila larvae. [FBrf0216850] Lamaze et al., 2011, EMBO Rep. 12(6): 549--557 The E3 ubiquitin ligase CTRIP controls CLOCK levels and PERIOD oscillations in Drosophila. [FBrf0213851] Lim et al., 2011, Nature 470(7334): 399--403 The novel gene twenty-four defines a critical translational step in the Drosophila clock. [FBrf0213059] Lone and Sharma, 2011, PLoS ONE 6(12): e28336 Circadian Consequence of Socio-Sexual Interactions in Fruit Flies Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0217074] Mehnert and Cantera, 2011, Cell Tissue Res. 344(3): 381--389 Circadian rhythms in the morphology of neurons in Drosophila. [FBrf0213790] Ng et al., 2011, Curr. Biol. 21(8): 625--634 Glial cells physiologically modulate clock neurons and circadian behavior in a calcium-dependent manner. [FBrf0213518] Reiher et al., 2011, J. Proteome Res. 10(4): 1881--1892 Peptidomics and Peptide hormone processing in the Drosophila midgut. [FBrf0214505] Sprecher et al., 2011, Dev. Biol. 358(1): 33--43 The Drosophila larval visual system: High-resolution analysis of a simple visual neuropil. [FBrf0215208] Umezaki et al., 2011, J. Insect Physiol. 57(9): 1290--1299 Blocking synaptic transmission with tetanus toxin light chain reveals modes of neurotransmission in the PDF-positive circadian clock neurons of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0215058] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...