FB2019_06, released Dec 19, 2019

Gene: Dmel\Pdf

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Pdf
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Pigment-dispersing factor
Annotation Symbol
CG6496
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0023178
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
17 publicly available
Gene Snapshot
Pigment-dispersing factor (Pdf) encodes a secreted biologically active neuropeptide that acts via a specific G-protein-coupled receptor to trigger intracellular signaling. It has a prominent role in the physiology of circadian rhythms, as well as contributing to other processes such as control of flight and digestion. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Other Summaries
Also Known As
PDH, PAP, cPDH, Drm-PDF, pigment dispersing hormone
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
97B3-97B3
Sequence location
3R:26,455,462..26,456,141 [-]
Recombination map
3-91
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the arthropod PDH family. (O96690)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Molecular Function (GO)
[Detailed GO annotations]
Experimental Evidence
signaling receptor binding
Predictions / Assertions
hormone activity; neuropeptide hormone activity
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
NEUROPEPTIDES -
Neuropeptides are secreted into the extracellular space where they interact with cell surface receptors (usually G protein coupled receptors). They are extremely diverse, acting as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, hormones or growth factors. (Adapted from FBrf0211443 and PMID:27813667).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Neuropeptide PDF is the main transmitter regulating circadian locomotor rhythms. Required to maintain behavioral rhythms under constant conditions by coordinating pacemaker interactions in the circadian system. Ectopic expression induces long periods, while its absence leads to short periods.
(UniProt, O96690)
Summary (Interactive Fly)
a secreted neuropeptide that acts via a specific G-protein-coupled receptor - involved in the photoperiod response - contributes control of flight and digestion
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Pdf or the JBrowse view of Dmel\Pdf for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Comments on Gene Model
Gene model reviewed during 5.47
Gene model reviewed during 5.44
Gene model reviewed during 5.53
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Pdf-RA
FBtr0085024
NM_079793
680
102
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
0.8 (northern blot)
(Park and Hall, 1998)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Pdf-PA
FBpp0084396
11.5
102
8.30
NP_524517
AAF56593
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
102, 18 (aa)
(Park and Hall, 1998)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Pdf using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Gene Ontology (18 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
signaling receptor binding
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9W4Y2
(assigned by UniProt )
(Hyun et al., 2005)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
hormone activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR009396
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
neuropeptide hormone activity
non-traceable author statement
(Hewes and Taghert, 2001)
traceable author statement
(vanden Broeck, 2001)
non-traceable author statement
(assigned by UniProt )
(Park and Hall, 1998)
Biological Process (12 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (11 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
inferred from direct assay
(Choi et al., 2009, Hyun et al., 2005)
circadian rhythm
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Lin et al., 2004)
inferred from expression pattern
(Johard et al., 2009)
circadian sleep/wake cycle
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:ITP; FB:FBgn0035023
(Hermann-Luibl et al., 2014)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Parisky et al., 2008)
entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Shafer and Taghert, 2009, Klarsfeld et al., 2004)
gravitaxis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Toma et al., 2002)
inferred from direct assay
(Mertens et al., 2005)
locomotor rhythm
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Lin et al., 2004, Renn et al., 1999)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Choi et al., 2009, Miyasako et al., 2007, Peng et al., 2003)
mating behavior
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Krupp et al., 2013)
neuropeptide signaling pathway
inferred from expression pattern
(Johard et al., 2009)
inferred from direct assay
(Hyun et al., 2005)
positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kunst et al., 2014)
regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Chung et al., 2009)
regulation of locomotor rhythm
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Petsakou et al., 2015)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
circadian rhythm
traceable author statement
(Stanewsky, 2003, vanden Broeck, 2001)
non-traceable author statement
(Sokolowski, 2001)
eclosion rhythm
traceable author statement
(Panda et al., 2002)
locomotor rhythm
non-traceable author statement
(Sokolowski, 2001)
traceable author statement
(Panda et al., 2002)
neuropeptide signaling pathway
traceable author statement
(vanden Broeck, 2001)
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
extracellular space
inferred from direct assay
(Reiher et al., 2011, Hyun et al., 2005)
neuron projection
inferred from direct assay
(Li et al., 2017)
neuronal cell body
inferred from direct assay
(Li et al., 2017)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic/larval nervous system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral midline
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral midline neuron
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 17
MP1 neuron
(Wheeler et al., 2006)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Park and Hall, 1998)
Additional Descriptive Data
Transcript levels are higher in heads of male flies than female flies. There is no robust or regular oscillation of Pdf expression evident in males or females.
(Park and Hall, 1998)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
distribution deduced from reporter (Gal4 UAS)
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
medulla | restricted
(Damulewicz and Pyza, 2011)
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
cell body of larval LN period neuron
(Blau and Young, 1999)
larval LN period neuron
• axon
(Blau and Young, 1999)
larval LN period neuron | subset
(Malpel et al., 2002)
larval LN period neuron
(Kaneko et al., 1997)
larval s-LNv Pdf neuron
(Blanchardon et al., 2001)
larval Pdf neuron of abdominal neuromere
(Blanchardon et al., 2001)
larval Pdf neuron
(Herrero et al., 2003)
adult stage
s-LNv Pdf neuron
(Damulewicz and Pyza, 2011, Helfrich-Forster et al., 2007, Nitabach et al., 2006, Rieger et al., 2006, Shafer et al., 2006, Yoshii et al., 2005, Shafer et al., 2002, Blanchardon et al., 2001, Renn et al., 1999, Helfrich-Forster, 1998, Helfrich-Forster, 1997, Helfrich-Forster and Homberg, 1993)
l-LNv neuron

Comment: circadian oscillating expression

(Damulewicz and Pyza, 2011, Bahn et al., 2009, Bachleitner et al., 2007, Helfrich-Forster et al., 2007, Kadener et al., 2006, Rieger et al., 2006, Shafer et al., 2006, Yoshii et al., 2005, Blanchardon et al., 2001, Renn et al., 1999, Helfrich-Forster, 1998, Helfrich-Forster, 1997, Helfrich-Forster and Homberg, 1993)
Pdf neuron close to calyx
(Shafer and Taghert, 2009, Helfrich-Forster, 1998, Helfrich-Forster, 1997, Helfrich-Forster and Homberg, 1993)
Pdf neuron close to tritocerebrum
(Shafer and Taghert, 2009, Blanchardon et al., 2001, Renn et al., 1999, Helfrich-Forster, 1998, Helfrich-Forster, 1997, Helfrich-Forster and Homberg, 1993)
s-LNv neuron

Comment: circadian oscillating expression

(Bahn et al., 2009, Bachleitner et al., 2007, Kadener et al., 2006)
LNv neuron
(Yoshii et al., 2005)
Pdf neuron of abdominal neuromere
(Shafer and Taghert, 2009, Renn et al., 1999, Helfrich-Forster, 1997, Helfrich-Forster and Homberg, 1993)
adult pacemaker neuron
(Yoshii et al., 2008)
Pdf neuron
(Yoshii et al., 2008)
LNv neuron | subset
(Yang and Sehgal, 2001)
LNv neuron
(Shafer et al., 2002)
accessory medulla | restricted
(Shafer et al., 2002)
LN Pdf neuron
(Malpel et al., 2002, Helfrich-Forster and Homberg, 1993)
small adult Pdf neuron of abdominal segment
(Helfrich-Forster and Homberg, 1993)
large adult Pdf neuron of abdominal neuromere
(Helfrich-Forster and Homberg, 1993)
adult Pdf neuron
(Shafer and Taghert, 2009)
posterior optic commissure
(Shafer and Taghert, 2009)
adult optic lobe | restricted
(Shafer and Taghert, 2009)
thoracico-abdominal ganglion
(Veenstra et al., 2008)
larval stage
larval s-LNv Pdf neuron
(Helfrich-Forster, 1997)
larval Pdf neuron close to calyx
(Helfrich-Forster, 1997)
larval Pdf neuron of abdominal neuromere
(Helfrich-Forster, 1997)
pupal stage
pupal l-LNv Pdf neuron
(Helfrich-Forster, 1997)
pupal Pdf neuron close to calyx
(Helfrich-Forster, 1997)
pupal Pdf neuron close to tritocerebrum
(Helfrich-Forster, 1997)
pupal s-LNv Pdf neuron
(Helfrich-Forster, 1997)
first instar larval stage
larval LN period neuron | subset
(Malpel et al., 2002)
adult stage | male
s-LNv Pdf neuron

Comment: expression dependent on Zeitgeber time

(Hermann-Luibl et al., 2014)
inferred from author statements
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
larval s-LNv Pdf neuron
(Renn et al., 1999)
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult midgut

Comment: peptides

(Reiher et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data
Pdf-protein is expressed in adult pacemaker neurons s-LNv. Labeling at the axon terminals is strongest at Zeitgeber time 2 and 5.
(Hermann-Luibl et al., 2014)
Pdf protein is expressed in all of the l-LNv and four of the five s-LNv neurons. It also labels their projections to the medulla.
(Damulewicz and Pyza, 2011)
Pdf peptides were detected in extracts from adult midguts.
(Reiher et al., 2011)
Pdf immunolocalization is exclusively found in the cytoplasm and arborizations of the neurons it is expressed in.
(Rieger et al., 2006)
Expression of Pdf in the lateral neurons is first detected at about 6 hours into the first instar larval stage.
(Malpel et al., 2002)
Pdf protein in the adult is expressed in the s-LNv Pdf positive neurons, l-LNv neurons and the Pdf neurons in the tritocerebrum. On the third instar larval stage it is expressed in the s-LNv Pdf neurons and Pdf neurons of the abdominal neuromere.
(Blanchardon et al., 2001)
Pdf gene is expressed in three cell types of the adults: four of the five small LNv neurons, two to four neurons close to the tritocerebrum, and four to six neurons of the abdominal neuromere.
(Renn et al., 1999)
Pdf is expressed in the small LNvs which are located in both anterior brain hemispheres between the central brain and medulla at the level of the esophageal foramen. The large LNvs give rise to a network of fibers that cover the anterior medulla and, via the posterior optic tract, the posterior medulla. Pdf staining generally appears weaker in the s-LNv Pdf neurons than the l-LNv neurons.
(Helfrich-Forster, 1998)
Pdf is first seen expressed within four of the five s-LNv neurons 4-5hrs after hatching and is maintained through to adulthood. In late L1 larvae, Pdf expression is seen within 2-4 cells lying close to the dorsal cortex, and expression is also seen within eight neurons of the eighth abdominal neuromere. Both of these expression patterns remain into adulthood, though the Pdf expression in the cells of the fused adult abdominal ganglion is found only in four (with an occasional 2 extra) neurons. At approximately 50% of pupation, Pdf is expressed in the l-LNv neurons - 6-8 cells located in the lateral protocerebrum, generally anterior and dorsal to the s-LNv neuronal cluster, and continues through to adulthood. At the same time, Pdf expression becomes evident in 2-4 anterioventrally located cells close to the tritocerebrum, but this expression is lost by four days post-eclosion.
(Helfrich-Forster, 1997)
Marker for
 
LNv neuron
(Beuchle et al., 2012)
Pdf neuron
(Nitabach et al., 2006, Yoshii et al., 2005, Renn et al., 1999, Helfrich-Forster, 1997, Kaneko et al., 1997)
adult Pdf neuron
(Shafer and Taghert, 2009)
larval LN period neuron
(Blau and Young, 1999)
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
extracellular space
inferred from direct assay
(Reiher et al., 2011, Hyun et al., 2005)
neuron projection
inferred from direct assay
(Li et al., 2017)
neuronal cell body
inferred from direct assay
(Li et al., 2017)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{GMR61G12-GAL4}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult pacemaker neuron
(Kunst et al., 2014)
s-LNv neuron | subset
(Li et al., 2014)
wandering third instar larval stage
s-LNv neuron | subset
(Li et al., 2014)
Reporter: P{Pdf-GAL4.P0.5}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
LNv neuron
(Ruben et al., 2012, Blanchard et al., 2010)
Reporter: P{Pdf-GAL4.P1.0}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage
larval LN period neuron
(Park et al., 2000)
ventral nerve cord | posterior
(Park et al., 2000)
adult stage
abdominal neuromere
(Park et al., 2000)
LNv neuron
(Park et al., 2000)
Reporter: P{Pdf-GAL4.P1.4}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage
larval LN period neuron
(Park et al., 2000)
ventral nerve cord | posterior
(Park et al., 2000)
adult stage
abdominal neuromere
(Park et al., 2000)
LNv neuron
(Park et al., 2000)
Reporter: P{Pdf-GAL4.P2.4}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
larval stage
larval LN period neuron
(Park et al., 2000)
ventral nerve cord | posterior
(Park et al., 2000)
adult stage
abdominal neuromere
(Park et al., 2000)
LNv neuron
(Schubert et al., 2018, Park et al., 2000)
s-LNv Pdf neuron
(Schubert et al., 2018, Blanchard et al., 2010, Hamasaka and Nassel, 2006, Nitabach et al., 2006, Renn et al., 1999)
l-LNv neuron
(Blanchard et al., 2010, Yoshii et al., 2008, Hamasaka and Nassel, 2006, Renn et al., 1999)
LNd neuron
(Schubert et al., 2018, Yoshii et al., 2008)
s-LNv neuron
(Yoshii et al., 2008)
Pdf neuron of abdominal neuromere
(Blanchard et al., 2010)
LN Pdf neuron
(Schubert et al., 2018)
wandering third instar larval stage
LNv neuron
(Rodriguez Moncalvo and Campos, 2005)
pharate adult stage P14 -- P15
EH neurosecretory neuron
(Selcho et al., 2018)
pharate adult stage
l-LNv neuron
(Selcho et al., 2017)
s-LNv Pdf neuron
(Selcho et al., 2017)
Reporter: P{Pdf-GAL80.S}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
LN Pdf neuron
(Helfrich-Forster et al., 2007)
Reporter: P{Pdf-lexA-VP16.S}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
s-LNv Pdf neuron
(Cavanaugh et al., 2014)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Pdf in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, and Transgenic Constructs
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 4 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 11 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Pdf
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Pdf
Deletions and Duplications ( 4 )
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
Other Phenotypes
Allele
behavior defective
behavior defective | recessive
body color defective, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
circadian behavior defective
circadian behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4tim.UAS
circadian behavior defective | adult stage
circadian behavior defective | recessive
circadian rhythm defective
eclosion rhythm defective
locomotor behavior defective | adult stage
locomotor rhythm defective
locomotor rhythm defective, with Scer\GAL4cry.PZ
locomotor rhythm defective, with Scer\GAL4tim.UAS
locomotor rhythm defective, with Scer\GAL4tim.UAS, Scer\GAL80Pdf.PS
locomotor rhythm defective | adult stage
locomotor rhythm defective | recessive
mating defective
mating rhythm defective
pain response defective | adult stage, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
photoperiod response variant
sleep defective, with Scer\GAL4GMR18H11
sleep defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Mai179
sleep defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4R6
some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
temperature response defective | adult stage
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
LNd neuron
LNv neuron
mesothoracic tergum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)
Homo sapiens (Human) (0)
No records found.
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)
No records found.
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)
No records found.
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
No records found.
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
No records found.
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
No records found.
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
No records found.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
No records found.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
No records found.
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09190JJ4 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
AAA Syntenic Ortholog
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly
Dmel\Pdf
Drosophila suzukii
Spotted wing Drosophila
Dsuz\DS10_00012735
Drosophila simulans
Dsim\GD18135
Drosophila sechellia
Dsec\GM10183
Drosophila erecta
Dere\GG12188
Drosophila yakuba
Dyak\GE10630
Drosophila ananassae
Dana\GF18882
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
Dpse\GA19638
Drosophila persimilis
Dper\GL24178
Drosophila willistoni
Dwil\GK11356
Drosophila virilis
Dvir\GJ27015
Drosophila mojavensis
Dmoj\GI10669
Drosophila grimshawi
Dgri\GH14136
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09150K6L )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Musca domestica
House fly
Mdoa\17020542
Musca domestica
House fly
Mdoa\17020543
Glossina morsitans
Tsetse fly
Gmor\GMOY000603
Lucilia cuprina
Australian sheep blowfly
Lcup\FF38_05868
Aedes aegypti
Yellow fever mosquito
Aaeg\AAEL001754
Anopheles darlingi
American malaria mosquito
Adar\ADAC010324
Anopheles gambiae
Malaria mosquito
Agam\PDH
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\CPIJ004895
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W0S9U )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Danaus plexippus
Monarch butterfly
Dple\DPOGS205081-PA
Cimex lectularius
Bed bug
Clec\CLEC005223
Zootermopsis nevadensis
Nevada dampwood termite
Znev\Znev_01404
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X0SO1 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_306549
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( None identified )
No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v7.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (0)
No records found.
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Model Summary Ribbon
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Interactions Browser
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    esyN Network Key:
    Suppression
    Enhancement
    View in Interactions Browser
    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Pdf
    suppressible
    Dh31
    (Kunst et al., 2014)
    Pdf
    enhanceable
    robo1
    (Berni et al., 2008)
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Dcr-2|gw
    suppressible
    Pdf
    (Zhang and Emery, 2013)
    wake
    suppressible
    Pdf
    (Liu et al., 2014)
    External Data
    Linkouts
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    External Data
    Linkouts
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    3R
    Recombination map
    3-91
    Cytogenetic map
    97B3-97B3
    Sequence location
    3R:26,455,462..26,456,141 [-]
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    97B3-97B3
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)rQ197rQ197 and P{lacW}scribj7B3
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    97B-97B
    (Park, 1998.11.22)
    97B-97B
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    (Park and Hall, 1998)
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location
    3-91
    (FlyBase, 2016)
    3-87.9
    (Comeron et al., 2012)
    3-
    (Park and Hall, 1997)
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (17)
    Genomic Clones (12)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (2)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequences
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
         
        polyclonal
        (Gorostiza et al., 2014, Depetris-Chauvin et al., 2011, Fernandez et al., 2008, Lim et al., 2007, Renn et al., 1999)
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
        Other Information
        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database identify of
        Source for database merge of
        Source for merge of: Pdf BcDNA:RH08487
        (FlyBase, 1996-)
        Source for merge of: Pdf anon-WO0140519.261 anon-WO0140519.3
        (FlyBase, 1996-)
        Additional comments
        Source for merge of Pdf BcDNA:RH08487 was TrEMBL update ( date:020807 ).
        (FlyBase, 1996-)
        Source for merge of Pdf anon-WO0140519.261 anon-WO0140519.3 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).
        (FlyBase, 1996-)
        Other Comments
        Pdf is required for maintenance of circadian rhythms when flies are kept in constant darkness.
        (Peng et al., 2003)
        Pdf levels and cycling in the LNv neurons is unaffected in Fmr1 mutants.
        (Dockendorff et al., 2002)
        Pdf appears to be an important circadian mediator whose expression and function are downstream of the clockworks.
        (Park et al., 2000)
        Mutations in Pdf result in abnormalities in locomotor circadian rhythms.
        (Renn et al., 1999)
        Isolated to investigate relevence to modulation of circadian rhythms.
        (Park and Hall, 1997)
        Origin and Etymology
        Discoverer
        Etymology
        Identification
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 31 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
        UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
        GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
        InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
        Linkouts
        DPiM - Drosophila Protein interaction map
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
        FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
        Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (28)
        Reported As
        Symbol Synonym
        BcDNA:RH08487
        CG6496
        (Lemaitre and Miguel-Aliaga, 2013, Hermann et al., 2012, Reiher et al., 2011, Perkins et al., 2009.1.15, Yew et al., 2009, Wegener and Gorbashov, 2008)
        Drm-PDF
        (Neupert et al., 2012, Nassel, 2002, Park and Hall, 1997)
        Drm-PDH
        (vanden Broeck, 2001)
        Drm-pdf
        (Park and Hall, 1998)
        PAP
        (Maurer et al., 2016, Depetris-Chauvin et al., 2011, Reeve et al., 2005, Tsai et al., 2004, Hewes et al., 2003, Renn et al., 1999)
        PDF
        (Cho et al., 2019, Deng et al., 2019, Goda et al., 2019, Nitta et al., 2019, Ri et al., 2019, Croset et al., 2018, Diesner et al., 2018, Fujiwara et al., 2018, Guo et al., 2018, Helfrich-Förster, 2018, Nässel, 2018, Shakhmantsir et al., 2018, Top and Young, 2018, Zheng et al., 2018, Abruzzi et al., 2017, Allen et al., 2017, Artiushin and Sehgal, 2017, Dubowy and Sehgal, 2017, He et al., 2017, Kohsaka et al., 2017, Liu and Jin, 2017, Ni et al., 2017, Schoofs et al., 2017, Goda et al., 2016, Nikhil et al., 2016, Yoshii et al., 2016, Beckwith and Ceriani, 2015, Giebultowicz and Long, 2015, Head et al., 2015, Lee et al., 2015, Lerner et al., 2015, Liu et al., 2015, Means et al., 2015, Tataroglu and Emery, 2015, Zwarts et al., 2015, Anderson and Adolphs, 2014, Cavanaugh et al., 2014, Chen et al., 2014, Depetris-Chauvin et al., 2014, Hermann-Luibl et al., 2014, Kunst et al., 2014, Lamba et al., 2014, Vecsey et al., 2014, Weiss et al., 2014, Zheng et al., 2014, Duvall and Taghert, 2013, Erion and Sehgal, 2013, Garbe et al., 2013, Górska-Andrzejak, 2013, Griffith, 2013, Hermann et al., 2013, Lee, 2013, Li et al., 2013, Lim and Allada, 2013, Pírez et al., 2013, Sim and Denlinger, 2013, Zhang and Emery, 2013, Zhang et al., 2013, Gonzalo-Gomez et al., 2012, Grima et al., 2012, Ishimoto et al., 2012, Jepson et al., 2012, Kaun et al., 2012, Kauranen et al., 2012, Ling et al., 2012, Luo and Sehgal, 2012, Pirooznia et al., 2012, Talsma et al., 2012, Umezaki et al., 2012, Chen et al., 2011, Damulewicz and Pyza, 2011, Gatto and Broadie, 2011, Goda et al., 2011, Griffith, 2011, Hara et al., 2011, Jackson, 2011, Keene et al., 2011, Lim et al., 2011, Lone and Sharma, 2011, Mehnert and Cantera, 2011, Ng et al., 2011, Sehgal and Mignot, 2011, Siller and Broadie, 2011, Umezaki et al., 2011, Coffee et al., 2010, Hamasaka et al., 2010, Ko et al., 2010, Nässel and Winther, 2010, Sun et al., 2010, Yasuyama and Meinertzhagen, 2010, Zhang et al., 2010, Zhao et al., 2010, Górska-Andrzejak et al., 2009, Hector et al., 2009, Huang et al., 2009, Hung et al., 2009, Hung et al., 2009, Johard et al., 2009, Landskron et al., 2009, Rieger et al., 2009, Veenstra, 2009, Yew et al., 2009, Yoshii et al., 2009, Ayaz et al., 2008, Hodge and Stanewsky, 2008, Park et al., 2008, Shafer et al., 2008, Shang et al., 2008, Veenstra et al., 2008, Wang et al., 2008, Codd et al., 2007, Hamasaka et al., 2007, Helfrich-Forster et al., 2007, Kadener et al., 2007, Neupert et al., 2007, Zheng et al., 2007, Birse et al., 2006, Hamasaka and Nassel, 2006, Houl et al., 2006, Rieger et al., 2006, Cyran et al., 2005, Hamasaka et al., 2005, Hassan et al., 2005, Holmes and Sheeba, 2005, Hyun et al., 2005, Johnson et al., 2005, Lear et al., 2005, Mertens et al., 2005, Nitabach, 2005, Nitabach et al., 2005, Yuan et al., 2005, Dissel et al., 2004, Jaramillo et al., 2004, Sathyanarayanan et al., 2004, Ashmore et al., 2003, Herrero et al., 2003, Johnson et al., 2003, Peng et al., 2003, Malpel et al., 2002, Blau and Young, 1999, Helfrich-Forster and Homberg, 1993)
        PDH
        (Im and Taghert, 2010, Liu et al., 2010, Feng et al., 2003, Helfrich-Forster et al., 2002, Petri and Stengl, 2001, Naidoo et al., 1999, Pyza and Meinertzhagen, 1998, Yang et al., 1998, Kaneko et al., 1997, Helfrich-Forster and Homberg, 1993, Nassel et al., 1993)
        Pdf
        (Goda and Hamada, 2019, Hajji et al., 2019, Hegazi et al., 2019, Nagy et al., 2019, Rao and Deng, 2019.10.23, Arganda-Carreras et al., 2018, Beauchamp et al., 2018, Górska-Andrzejak et al., 2018, Lamba et al., 2018, Li et al., 2018, Morioka et al., 2018, Selcho et al., 2018, Tomita et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Crocker et al., 2016, Kim et al., 2016, Blake et al., 2015, Lee et al., 2015, Lerner et al., 2015, Means et al., 2015, Ng and Jackson, 2015, Petsakou et al., 2015, Liu et al., 2014, Seki and Tanimura, 2014, Yao and Shafer, 2014, Krupp et al., 2013, Lemaitre and Miguel-Aliaga, 2013, Potdar and Sheeba, 2013, Duvall and Taghert, 2012, Hermann et al., 2012, Ruben et al., 2012, Thomas et al., 2012, Vanin et al., 2012, Diangelo et al., 2011, Goda et al., 2011, Keene et al., 2011, Reiher et al., 2011, Blanchard et al., 2010, Fujii and Amrein, 2010, Hamanaka et al., 2010, Im and Taghert, 2010, Keene et al., 2010, Kula-Eversole et al., 2010, Nagoshi et al., 2010, Sheeba et al., 2010, Zheng and Sehgal, 2010, Akten et al., 2009, Bahn et al., 2009, Knowles et al., 2009, Wülbeck et al., 2009, Zheng et al., 2009, Berni et al., 2008, Sheeba et al., 2008, Wegener and Gorbashov, 2008, Wülbeck et al., 2008, Harrisingh et al., 2007, Stoleru et al., 2007, Vosshall, 2007, Gauthier and Hewes, 2006, Kadener et al., 2006, Wheeler et al., 2006, Choi et al., 2005, Lear et al., 2005, Mazzoni et al., 2005, Yoshii et al., 2005, Hall, 2003, Lee et al., 2002, Yang and Sehgal, 2001, Helfrich-Forster, 1998)
        anon-WO0140519.261
        anon-WO0140519.3
        cPDH
        (Collins et al., 2005, Dissel et al., 2004)
        pdf
        (Niu et al., 2019, Zhao et al., 2019, Cascallares et al., 2018, Feng et al., 2018, Filošević et al., 2018, Luo et al., 2018, Lamaze et al., 2017, Liang et al., 2017, Selcho et al., 2017, Mezan et al., 2016, Head et al., 2015, Kunst et al., 2015, Lerner et al., 2015, Means et al., 2015, Chen et al., 2014, Gorostiza et al., 2014, Park et al., 2014, Seluzicki et al., 2014, Ghezzi et al., 2013, Joiner et al., 2013, Bradley et al., 2012, Kaneko et al., 2012, Sundram et al., 2012, Beckwith et al., 2011, Depetris-Chauvin et al., 2011, Lamaze et al., 2011, Sprecher et al., 2011, Gong et al., 2010, Liu et al., 2010, Choi et al., 2009, Chung et al., 2009, Cusumano et al., 2009, Donlea et al., 2009, Dubruille et al., 2009, Johard et al., 2009, Kadener et al., 2009, Kilman and Allada, 2009, Kilman et al., 2009, Shafer and Taghert, 2009, Zhou et al., 2009, Berni et al., 2008, Fernandez et al., 2008, Parisky et al., 2008, Rezával et al., 2008, Sheeba et al., 2008, T et al., 2008, Tomioka et al., 2008, Wu et al., 2008, Yoshii et al., 2008, Busza et al., 2007, de la Paz Fernandez et al., 2007, Fang et al., 2007, Harrisingh et al., 2007, Hung et al., 2007, Isaac et al., 2007, Lim et al., 2007, McBrayer et al., 2007, Miyasako et al., 2007, Murad et al., 2007, Picot et al., 2007, Santos et al., 2007, Suh and Jackson, 2007, Wang et al., 2007, Hamasaka and Nassel, 2006, Howlader et al., 2006, Kula et al., 2006, Park and Griffith, 2006, Shafer et al., 2006, Wang et al., 2006, Lear et al., 2005, Melcher and Pankratz, 2005, Mertens et al., 2005, Mertens et al., 2005, Zhou et al., 2005, Klarsfeld et al., 2004, Lin et al., 2004, Hendricks et al., 2003, Stanewsky, 2003, Van Gelder et al., 2003, Zhao et al., 2003, Hendricks et al., 2002, Panda et al., 2002, Stanewsky, 2002, Blanchardon et al., 2001, Hendricks et al., 2001, Jackson et al., 2001, Rosato and Kyriacou, 2001, Taghert et al., 2001, Williams et al., 2001, Emery et al., 2000, Park et al., 2000, Scully and Kay, 2000, Barinaga, 1999, Renn et al., 1999, Park, 1998.11.22, Park and Hall, 1998)
        Name Synonyms
        PDF-associated peptide
        (Depetris-Chauvin et al., 2011)
        PDF-precursor PDF-associated peptide
        (Maurer et al., 2016)
        PIGMENT DISPERSING FACTOR
        (Mezan et al., 2016, Beckwith and Ceriani, 2015, Depetris-Chauvin et al., 2011, Houl et al., 2006)
        PIGMENT-DISPERSING FACTOR
        (Zhang et al., 2010)
        Pigment Dispersing Factor
        (Griffith, 2013, Sim and Denlinger, 2013, Vanin et al., 2012, Griffith, 2011, Lone and Sharma, 2011, Zhao et al., 2010, Kilman et al., 2009, Hodge and Stanewsky, 2008)
        Pigment dispersing factor
        (Depetris-Chauvin et al., 2014, Gatto and Broadie, 2011, Siller and Broadie, 2011, Keene et al., 2010, Veenstra, 2009, Mazzoni et al., 2005, Anholt and Mackay, 2004, Hall, 2003)
        Pigment-Dispersing Factor
        (Head et al., 2015, Zhang et al., 2013, Yoshii et al., 2009, Cyran et al., 2005, Lear et al., 2005, Mertens et al., 2005)
        Pigment-dispersing factor
        (Tomita et al., 2017, Yoshii et al., 2016, Asahina et al., 2014, Gorostiza et al., 2014, Caers et al., 2012, Keene et al., 2011, Nässel and Winther, 2010, Veenstra et al., 2008, Harrisingh et al., 2007, Vosshall, 2007, Gauthier and Hewes, 2006, Rieger et al., 2006, Wheeler et al., 2006, Cho et al., 2005, Nassel, 2002, Park and Hall, 1997)
        Pigment-dispersing hormone
        (Naidoo et al., 1999, Helfrich-Forster and Homberg, 1993)
        Pigment-dispersing hormone-like peptide
        (Nassel et al., 1993)
        pigment dispersing factor
        (Allen et al., 2017, Lerner et al., 2015, Erion and Sehgal, 2013, Garbe et al., 2013, Górska-Andrzejak, 2013, Linford et al., 2012, Gatto and Broadie, 2011, Sprecher et al., 2011, Umezaki et al., 2011, Coffee et al., 2010, Fujii and Amrein, 2010, Ko et al., 2010, Donlea et al., 2009, Hector et al., 2009, Picot et al., 2009, Shafer and Taghert, 2009, Zhou et al., 2009, Berni et al., 2008, Fernandez et al., 2008, Park et al., 2008, Sambandan et al., 2008, Shafer et al., 2008, Sheeba et al., 2008, de la Paz Fernandez et al., 2007, Isaac et al., 2007, Lim et al., 2007, Picot et al., 2007, Birse et al., 2006, Johnson et al., 2005, Zhou et al., 2005, Jaramillo et al., 2004, Herrero et al., 2003, Stanewsky, 2003, Stanewsky, 2002, Blanchardon et al., 2001, Roman and Davis, 2001)
        pigment dispersing hormone
        (Jorgensen et al., 2006, Egerod et al., 2003)
        pigment dispersion factor
        (Mirth and Shingleton, 2012, McBrayer et al., 2007)
        pigment-dispersing factor
        (Helfrich-Förster, 2018, Kohsaka et al., 2017, Schoofs et al., 2017, Nikhil et al., 2016, Vecsey et al., 2014, Hermann et al., 2013, Ishimoto et al., 2012, Kaun et al., 2012, Linford et al., 2012, Luo and Sehgal, 2012, Lamaze et al., 2011, Mehnert and Cantera, 2011, Gong et al., 2010, Yasuyama and Meinertzhagen, 2010, Akten et al., 2009, Choi et al., 2009, Cusumano et al., 2009, Górska-Andrzejak et al., 2009, Johard et al., 2009, Knowles et al., 2009, Wülbeck et al., 2009, Zheng et al., 2009, Wülbeck et al., 2008, Yoshii et al., 2008, Hamasaka et al., 2007, Neupert et al., 2007, Picot et al., 2007, Santos et al., 2007, Zheng et al., 2007, Howlader et al., 2006, Kadener et al., 2006, Kula et al., 2006, Hyun et al., 2005, Lin et al., 2004, Hendricks, 2003, Hendricks et al., 2003)
        pigment-dispersing hormone
        (Petri and Stengl, 2001, Yang et al., 1998)
        Secondary FlyBase IDs
        • FBgn0044602
        • FBgn0044606
        • FBgn0047045
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        References (429)