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Gene Dmel\Parg

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Parg	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase	Annotation symbol	CG2864
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0023216
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	7 publicly available
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	X	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	3E2-3E2	Sequence location	X:3,562,870..3,565,535 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\Parg (CG2864, FBgn0023216). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: response to heat; Cajal body organization; regulation of histone acetylation; female germ-line stem cell maintenance; maintenance of protein location in nucleus; chromatin silencing; regulation of RNA splicing; carbohydrate metabolic process; phagocytosis, engulfment. 14 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: nucleolus; dorsocentral bristle; mesothoracic leg; Cajal body; wing; histone locus body. It has 2 annotated transcripts and 2 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult ovary. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1640791_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of Parg. Gene sequence location is X:3562870..3565535.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
Update Feed	Click the icon below to subscribe to this FlyBase record and receive updates automatically through your feed reader.
FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 3E2-3E2   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}dncEP973 and P{EP}PargEP351
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 3E1-3E2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2000)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Parg for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.46
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) Parg-RB FBtr0307279  NM_001258582   2521   723 Parg-RC FBtr0307280  NM_057973   2599   723
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein Parg-PB   FBpp0298280   81.1   723   5.58     NP_001245511   AFH07225 Parg-PC   FBpp0298281   81.1   723   5.58     NP_477321   AAF45886
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (IPR007724)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA203036   AA390837   AA392644   AE014298 AAF45886   AF079556 AAC28734   AE014298 AFH07225   AI387760   AI456160   AI514602   AI516494   AI518390   AI543097   AL024454   AQ025321   AW943614   AY051955 AAK93379   BF488286   BG638853   BI170517   BI214932   BI228204   BI361640   BI361641   BI375947   BI641755   CO177022   CO178124   CO178325   CO264847   CO270988   CO279364   CO284052   CO286180   CO289830   CO306631   CO311408   CO325236   CO327894   CO342648   CZ482272   CZ482273   EC072753   EC076290   EC082038   EC082798   EC088940   EC195956   EC199668   EC203069   EC208095   EC212230   EC218595   EC219172   EC221361   EC230133   EC252327   EC258790   EV594722
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	O46043
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
nucleoplasm inferred from direct assay (Tulin et al., 2006) nucleus inferred from direct assay (Ji and Tulin, 2012)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult ovary. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    64.475 Larval Midgut    25.4 Larval Hindgut    26.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    40.5 Larval Fat Body    25.3 Larval Salivary Gland    36.7 Larval Trachea    47.75 Larval Carcass    31.375 Adult Head    26 Adult Eye    17.975 Adult Brain    49.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    42.2 Adult Crop    33.2 Adult Midgut    31 Adult Hindgut    26 Adult Malpighian Tubules    30.2 Adult Fat Body    29.9 Adult Salivary Gland    42.3 Adult Heart    20.1 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    27.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    32.1 Adult Ovary    106.2 Adult Testis    30 Adult Male Accessory Gland    31.5 Adult Carcass    20.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    64.475 Larval Midgut    25.4 Larval Hindgut    26.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    40.5 Larval Fat Body    25.3 Larval Salivary Gland    36.7 Larval Trachea    47.75 Larval Carcass    31.375 Adult Head    26 Adult Eye    17.975 Adult Brain    49.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    42.2 Adult Crop    33.2 Adult Midgut    31 Adult Hindgut    26 Adult Malpighian Tubules    30.2 Adult Fat Body    29.9 Adult Salivary Gland    42.3 Adult Heart    20.1 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    27.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    32.1 Adult Ovary    106.2 Adult Testis    30 Adult Male Accessory Gland    31.5 Adult Carcass    20.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    64.475 Larval Midgut    25.4 Larval Hindgut    26.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    40.5 Larval Fat Body    25.3 Larval Salivary Gland    36.7 Larval Trachea    47.75 Larval Carcass    31.375 Adult Head    26 Adult Eye    17.975 Adult Brain    49.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    42.2 Adult Crop    33.2 Adult Midgut    31 Adult Hindgut    26 Adult Malpighian Tubules    30.2 Adult Fat Body    29.9 Adult Salivary Gland    42.3 Adult Heart    20.1 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    27.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    32.1 Adult Ovary    106.2 Adult Testis    30 Adult Male Accessory Gland    31.5 Adult Carcass    20.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    64.475 Larval Midgut    25.4 Larval Hindgut    26.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    40.5 Larval Fat Body    25.3 Larval Salivary Gland    36.7 Larval Trachea    47.75 Larval Carcass    31.375 Adult Head    26 Adult Eye    17.975 Adult Brain    49.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    42.2 Adult Crop    33.2 Adult Midgut    31 Adult Hindgut    26 Adult Malpighian Tubules    30.2 Adult Fat Body    29.9 Adult Salivary Gland    42.3 Adult Heart    20.1 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    27.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    32.1 Adult Ovary    106.2 Adult Testis    30 Adult Male Accessory Gland    31.5 Adult Carcass    20.8 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    64.475 Larval Midgut    25.4 Larval Hindgut    26.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    40.5 Larval Fat Body    25.3 Larval Salivary Gland    36.7 Larval Trachea    47.75 Larval Carcass    31.375 Adult Head    26 Adult Eye    17.975 Adult Brain    49.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    42.2 Adult Crop    33.2 Adult Midgut    31 Adult Hindgut    26 Adult Malpighian Tubules    30.2 Adult Fat Body    29.9 Adult Salivary Gland    42.3 Adult Heart    20.1 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    27.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    32.1 Adult Ovary    106.2 Adult Testis    30 Adult Male Accessory Gland    31.5 Adult Carcass    20.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    64.475 Larval Midgut    25.4 Larval Hindgut    26.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    40.5 Larval Fat Body    25.3 Larval Salivary Gland    36.7 Larval Trachea    47.75 Larval Carcass    31.375 Adult Head    26 Adult Eye    17.975 Adult Brain    49.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    42.2 Adult Crop    33.2 Adult Midgut    31 Adult Hindgut    26 Adult Malpighian Tubules    30.2 Adult Fat Body    29.9 Adult Salivary Gland    42.3 Adult Heart    20.1 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    27.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    32.1 Adult Ovary    106.2 Adult Testis    30 Adult Male Accessory Gland    31.5 Adult Carcass    20.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    64.475 Larval Midgut    25.4 Larval Hindgut    26.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    40.5 Larval Fat Body    25.3 Larval Salivary Gland    36.7 Larval Trachea    47.75 Larval Carcass    31.375 Adult Head    26 Adult Eye    17.975 Adult Brain    49.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    42.2 Adult Crop    33.2 Adult Midgut    31 Adult Hindgut    26 Adult Malpighian Tubules    30.2 Adult Fat Body    29.9 Adult Salivary Gland    42.3 Adult Heart    20.1 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    27.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    32.1 Adult Ovary    106.2 Adult Testis    30 Adult Male Accessory Gland    31.5 Adult Carcass    20.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    64.475 Larval Midgut    25.4 Larval Hindgut    26.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    40.5 Larval Fat Body    25.3 Larval Salivary Gland    36.7 Larval Trachea    47.75 Larval Carcass    31.375 Adult Head    26 Adult Eye    17.975 Adult Brain    49.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    42.2 Adult Crop    33.2 Adult Midgut    31 Adult Hindgut    26 Adult Malpighian Tubules    30.2 Adult Fat Body    29.9 Adult Salivary Gland    42.3 Adult Heart    20.1 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    27.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    32.1 Adult Ovary    106.2 Adult Testis    30 Adult Male Accessory Gland    31.5 Adult Carcass    20.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    no informative data   NA  Eye    17.975   NA  Brain    49.4   64.475  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    42.2   NA  Crop    33.2   no informative data  Midgut    31   26.5  Hindgut    no informative data   40.5  Malpighian Tubules    no informative data   no informative data  Fat Body    29.9   36.7  Salivary Gland    no informative data   NA  Heart    20.1   47.75  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    no informative data   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    no informative data   NA  Ovary    106.2   NA  Testis    30   NA  Male Accessory Gland    no informative data   31.375  Carcass    no informative data FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    9 central nervous system, larvae L3    6 central nervous system, pupae P8    8 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day female    5 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    5 head, mated 4-day male    7 head, mated 20-day male    8 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    3 digestive system, 1-day adult    3 digestive system, 4-day adult    6 digestive system, 20-day adult    4 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    5 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    35 ovary, mated 4-day female    35 testis, mated 4-day male    7 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    9 central nervous system, larvae L3    6 central nervous system, pupae P8    8 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day female    5 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    5 head, mated 4-day male    7 head, mated 20-day male    8 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    3 digestive system, 1-day adult    3 digestive system, 4-day adult    6 digestive system, 20-day adult    4 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    5 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (35) ovary, mated 4-day female  (35) testis, mated 4-day male    7 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    9 central nervous system, larvae L3    6 central nervous system, pupae P8    8 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day female    5 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    5 head, mated 4-day male    7 head, mated 20-day male    8 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    3 digestive system, 1-day adult    3 digestive system, 4-day adult    6 digestive system, 20-day adult    4 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    5 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    35 ovary, mated 4-day female    35 testis, mated 4-day male    7 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    9 central nervous system, larvae L3    6 central nervous system, pupae P8    8 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day female    5 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    5 head, mated 4-day male    7 head, mated 20-day male    8 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    3 digestive system, 1-day adult    3 digestive system, 4-day adult    6 digestive system, 20-day adult    4 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    5 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    35 ovary, mated 4-day female    35 testis, mated 4-day male    7 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    4 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    9 central nervous system, larvae L3    6 central nervous system, pupae P8    8 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day female    5 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    5 head, mated 4-day male    7 head, mated 20-day male    8 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    3 digestive system, 1-day adult    3 digestive system, 4-day adult    6 digestive system, 20-day adult    4 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    5 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    35 ovary, mated 4-day female    35 testis, mated 4-day male    7 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    9 central nervous system, larvae L3    6 central nervous system, pupae P8    8 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day female    5 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    5 head, mated 4-day male    7 head, mated 20-day male    8 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    3 digestive system, 1-day adult    3 digestive system, 4-day adult    6 digestive system, 20-day adult    4 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    5 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (35) ovary, mated 4-day female  (35) testis, mated 4-day male    7 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    9 central nervous system, larvae L3    6 central nervous system, pupae P8    8 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day female    5 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    5 head, mated 4-day male    7 head, mated 20-day male    8 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    3 digestive system, 1-day adult    3 digestive system, 4-day adult    6 digestive system, 20-day adult    4 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    5 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    35 ovary, mated 4-day female    35 testis, mated 4-day male    7 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    9 central nervous system, larvae L3    6 central nervous system, pupae P8    8 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day female    5 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    5 head, mated 4-day male    7 head, mated 20-day male    8 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    3 digestive system, 1-day adult    3 digestive system, 4-day adult    6 digestive system, 20-day adult    4 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    4 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    5 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    35 ovary, mated 4-day female    35 testis, mated 4-day male    7 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    36 embryo 02-04hr    26 embryo 04-06hr    12 embryo 06-08hr    10 embryo 08-10hr    12 embryo 10-12hr    9 embryo 12-14hr    9 embryo 14-16hr    11 embryo 16-18hr    9 embryo 18-20hr    5 embryo 20-22hr    17 embryo 22-24hr    14 larva L1    4 larva L2    4 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    4 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6 white prepupae new    5 white prepupae 12hr    5 white prepupae 24hr    7 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    4 adult male 05day    6 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    9 adult female 05day    16 adult female 30day    16 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (36) embryo 02-04hr  26 embryo 04-06hr    12 embryo 06-08hr    10 embryo 08-10hr    12 embryo 10-12hr    9 embryo 12-14hr    9 embryo 14-16hr    11 embryo 16-18hr    9 embryo 18-20hr    5 embryo 20-22hr    17 embryo 22-24hr    14 larva L1    4 larva L2    4 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    4 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6 white prepupae new    5 white prepupae 12hr    5 white prepupae 24hr    7 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    4 adult male 05day    6 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    9 adult female 05day    16 adult female 30day    16 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    36 embryo 02-04hr    26 embryo 04-06hr    12 embryo 06-08hr    10 embryo 08-10hr    12 embryo 10-12hr    9 embryo 12-14hr    9 embryo 14-16hr    11 embryo 16-18hr    9 embryo 18-20hr    5 embryo 20-22hr    17 embryo 22-24hr    14 larva L1    4 larva L2    4 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    4 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6 white prepupae new    5 white prepupae 12hr    5 white prepupae 24hr    7 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    4 adult male 05day    6 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    9 adult female 05day    16 adult female 30day    16 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    36 embryo 02-04hr    26 embryo 04-06hr    12 embryo 06-08hr    10 embryo 08-10hr    12 embryo 10-12hr    9 embryo 12-14hr    9 embryo 14-16hr    11 embryo 16-18hr    9 embryo 18-20hr    5 embryo 20-22hr    17 embryo 22-24hr    14 larva L1    4 larva L2    4 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    4 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6 white prepupae new    5 white prepupae 12hr    5 white prepupae 24hr    7 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    4 adult male 05day    6 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    9 adult female 05day    16 adult female 30day    16 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    36 embryo 02-04hr    26 embryo 04-06hr    12 embryo 06-08hr    10 embryo 08-10hr    12 embryo 10-12hr    9 embryo 12-14hr    9 embryo 14-16hr    11 embryo 16-18hr    9 embryo 18-20hr    5 embryo 20-22hr    17 embryo 22-24hr    14 larva L1    4 larva L2    4 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    4 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6 white prepupae new    5 white prepupae 12hr    5 white prepupae 24hr    7 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    4 adult male 05day    6 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    9 adult female 05day    16 adult female 30day    16 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (36) embryo 02-04hr  26 embryo 04-06hr    12 embryo 06-08hr    10 embryo 08-10hr    12 embryo 10-12hr    9 embryo 12-14hr    9 embryo 14-16hr    11 embryo 16-18hr    9 embryo 18-20hr    5 embryo 20-22hr    17 embryo 22-24hr    14 larva L1    4 larva L2    4 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    4 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6 white prepupae new    5 white prepupae 12hr    5 white prepupae 24hr    7 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    4 adult male 05day    6 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    9 adult female 05day    16 adult female 30day    16 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    36 embryo 02-04hr    26 embryo 04-06hr    12 embryo 06-08hr    10 embryo 08-10hr    12 embryo 10-12hr    9 embryo 12-14hr    9 embryo 14-16hr    11 embryo 16-18hr    9 embryo 18-20hr    5 embryo 20-22hr    17 embryo 22-24hr    14 larva L1    4 larva L2    4 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    4 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6 white prepupae new    5 white prepupae 12hr    5 white prepupae 24hr    7 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    4 adult male 05day    6 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    9 adult female 05day    16 adult female 30day    16 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    36 embryo 02-04hr    26 embryo 04-06hr    12 embryo 06-08hr    10 embryo 08-10hr    12 embryo 10-12hr    9 embryo 12-14hr    9 embryo 14-16hr    11 embryo 16-18hr    9 embryo 18-20hr    5 embryo 20-22hr    17 embryo 22-24hr    14 larva L1    4 larva L2    4 larva L3 12hr old    4 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    4 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6 white prepupae new    5 white prepupae 12hr    5 white prepupae 24hr    7 pupae 2d postWPP    7 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    4 adult male 05day    6 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    9 adult female 05day    16 adult female 30day    16 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    39 Schneider line 2 Sg4    16 embryonic 1182-4H    18 embryonic GM2    6 embryonic Kc167    11 embryonic S1    11 embryonic S3    12 leg disc CME L1    17 wing disc CME-W2    14 wing disc ML-DmD8    22 wing disc ML-DmD9    15 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    29 wing disc ML-DmD21    14 wing disc ML-DmD32    18 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    21 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    29 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    12 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    15 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    61 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    20 tumorous blood cells mbn2    11 ovary fGS/OSS    8 ovary OSC    11 ovary OSS    7 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (39) Schneider line 2 Sg4    16 embryonic 1182-4H    18 embryonic GM2    6 embryonic Kc167    11 embryonic S1    11 embryonic S3    12 leg disc CME L1    17 wing disc CME-W2    14 wing disc ML-DmD8    22 wing disc ML-DmD9    15 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (29) wing disc ML-DmD21    14 wing disc ML-DmD32    18 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    21 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  (29) antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    12 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    15 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (61) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    20 tumorous blood cells mbn2    11 ovary fGS/OSS    8 ovary OSC    11 ovary OSS    7 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    39 Schneider line 2 Sg4    16 embryonic 1182-4H    18 embryonic GM2    6 embryonic Kc167    11 embryonic S1    11 embryonic S3    12 leg disc CME L1    17 wing disc CME-W2    14 wing disc ML-DmD8    22 wing disc ML-DmD9    15 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    29 wing disc ML-DmD21    14 wing disc ML-DmD32    18 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    21 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    29 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    12 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    15 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    61 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    20 tumorous blood cells mbn2    11 ovary fGS/OSS    8 ovary OSC    11 ovary OSS    7 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    39 Schneider line 2 Sg4    16 embryonic 1182-4H    18 embryonic GM2    6 embryonic Kc167    11 embryonic S1    11 embryonic S3    12 leg disc CME L1    17 wing disc CME-W2    14 wing disc ML-DmD8    22 wing disc ML-DmD9    15 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    29 wing disc ML-DmD21    14 wing disc ML-DmD32    18 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    21 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    29 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    12 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    15 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    61 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    20 tumorous blood cells mbn2    11 ovary fGS/OSS    8 ovary OSC    11 ovary OSS    7 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    39 Schneider line 2 Sg4    16 embryonic 1182-4H    18 embryonic GM2    6 embryonic Kc167    11 embryonic S1    11 embryonic S3    12 leg disc CME L1    17 wing disc CME-W2    14 wing disc ML-DmD8    22 wing disc ML-DmD9    15 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    29 wing disc ML-DmD21    14 wing disc ML-DmD32    18 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    21 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    29 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    12 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    15 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    61 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    20 tumorous blood cells mbn2    11 ovary fGS/OSS    8 ovary OSC    11 ovary OSS    7 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (39) Schneider line 2 Sg4    16 embryonic 1182-4H    18 embryonic GM2    6 embryonic Kc167    11 embryonic S1    11 embryonic S3    12 leg disc CME L1    17 wing disc CME-W2    14 wing disc ML-DmD8    22 wing disc ML-DmD9    15 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  29 wing disc ML-DmD21    14 wing disc ML-DmD32    18 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    21 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  29 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    12 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    15 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (61) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    20 tumorous blood cells mbn2    11 ovary fGS/OSS    8 ovary OSC    11 ovary OSS    7 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    39 Schneider line 2 Sg4    16 embryonic 1182-4H    18 embryonic GM2    6 embryonic Kc167    11 embryonic S1    11 embryonic S3    12 leg disc CME L1    17 wing disc CME-W2    14 wing disc ML-DmD8    22 wing disc ML-DmD9    15 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    29 wing disc ML-DmD21    14 wing disc ML-DmD32    18 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    21 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    29 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    12 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    15 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    61 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    20 tumorous blood cells mbn2    11 ovary fGS/OSS    8 ovary OSC    11 ovary OSS    7 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    39 Schneider line 2 Sg4    16 embryonic 1182-4H    18 embryonic GM2    6 embryonic Kc167    11 embryonic S1    11 embryonic S3    12 leg disc CME L1    17 wing disc CME-W2    14 wing disc ML-DmD8    22 wing disc ML-DmD9    15 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    29 wing disc ML-DmD21    14 wing disc ML-DmD32    18 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    21 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    29 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    12 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    15 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    61 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    20 tumorous blood cells mbn2    11 ovary fGS/OSS    8 ovary OSC    11 ovary OSS    7 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    5 heat shock, 4-day adult    11 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    29 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    22 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    5 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    23 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    20 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    5 heat shock, 4-day adult    11 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (29) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    22 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    5 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    23 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    20 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    5 heat shock, 4-day adult    11 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    29 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    22 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    5 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    23 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    20 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    5 heat shock, 4-day adult    11 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    29 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    22 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    5 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    23 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    20 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    5 heat shock, 4-day adult    11 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    29 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    22 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    5 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    23 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    20 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    5 heat shock, 4-day adult    11 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  29 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    22 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    5 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    23 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    20 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    5 heat shock, 4-day adult    11 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    29 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    22 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    5 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    23 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    20 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    6 cold shock, 4-day adult    5 heat shock, 4-day adult    11 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    29 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    21 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    22 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    5 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    23 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    20 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_01 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_05
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0023216 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG2864-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal, with Scer\GAL4da.G32 PargScer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP lethal | larval stage | partially Parg27.1 lethal | partially, with Scer\GAL4da.G32 PargdsRNA.Scer\UAS lethal | pupal stage Parg27.1 partially lethal - majority die | embryonic stage Parg27.1 partially lethal - majority die | larval stage Parg27.1 partially lethal - majority die | pupal stage | cold sensitive Parg27.1 viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 PargGD8729 Sterility Allele sterile Parg27.1 Other Phenotypes Allele heat stress response defective, with Scer\GAL4da.G32 PargScer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP melanotic mass phenotype | adult stage Parg27.1 neuroanatomy defective | adult stage Parg27.1 short lived Parg27.1 visible, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 PargEP351 Phenotype manifest in Allele Cajal body Parg27.1 dorsocentral bristle, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 PargEP351 female germline stem cell | germline clone Parg27.1 histone locus body Parg27.1 mesothoracic leg Parg27.1 microchaeta | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 PargEP351 neuron & nucleus & adult Parg27.1 nucleolus, with Scer\GAL4da.G32 PargScer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP oocyte | cell non-autonomous | germline clone Parg27.1 oocyte | cell non-autonomous | somatic clone Parg27.1 scutellar bristle | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 PargEP351 wing Parg27.1
Classical Alleles ( 5 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of Parg Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion Parg27.1 P-element activity 2 Yes Parge04523 piggyBac transposase 1 -- PargEP351 P-element activity 1 Yes Parg169-178del natural population 0 Yes PargEPg4-38 P-element activity 0 Yes
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 9 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of Parg Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion PargGD8729 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes PargJF01703 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes PargAA.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes PargdsRNA.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes Parghs.HP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes PargScer\UAS.cHa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes PargScer\UAS.P\T.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes PargScer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes PargT:Avic\GFP-EGFP in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(1)dilp7 (Zhang et al., 2009)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data heat-shock construct P{hs-Parg.H} NA UAS construct P{GD8729} NA P{TRiP.JF01703} NA P{UAS-Parg.AA.EGFP} NA P{UAS-Parg.dsRNA} NA P{UAS-Parg.EGFP} NA P{UASp-Parg.EGFP} NA characterization construct P{Parg-EGFP.H} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of mobile activating element P{EP}PargEP351 NA P{EPg}PargEPg4-38 NA miscellaneous insertions P{GT1}BG01013 NA PBac{RB}Parge04523 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 12 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 12 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase activity inferred from mutant phenotype (assigned by UniProtKB) (Hanai et al., 2004)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
Cajal body organization inferred from mutant phenotype (Kotova et al., 2009) carbohydrate metabolic process inferred from mutant phenotype (assigned by UniProtKB) (Hanai et al., 2004) chromatin silencing inferred from mutant phenotype (Tulin et al., 2006) female germ-line stem cell maintenance inferred from mutant phenotype (Ji and Tulin, 2012) maintenance of protein location in nucleus inferred from mutant phenotype (Tulin et al., 2006) phagocytosis, engulfment inferred from mutant phenotype (Stroschein-Stevenson et al., 2006) regulation of histone acetylation inferred from mutant phenotype (Tulin et al., 2006) regulation of RNA splicing inferred from mutant phenotype (Ji and Tulin, 2009) response to heat inferred from mutant phenotype (Ji and Tulin, 2009)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
nucleoplasm inferred from direct assay (Tulin et al., 2006) nucleus inferred from direct assay (Ji and Tulin, 2012)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 1 term )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity with NCBI_gi:4505609 (FlyBase, 1992-) non-traceable author statement (Ame, 1998.7.21)
Biological Process ( 0 terms)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions Parg allele Gene References
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 57851 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0023216 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 31329
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (39) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6Q85H2 Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG605S8B Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG608M4R Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG6V41QF Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG628DV0
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6Q85H2)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\Parg     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD16322 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM12717 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG18573 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE16886 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF22307 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA15492 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL15784 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK18344 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ18830 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI14786 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH24742 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG605S8B)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL001470   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP000589   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ010172
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG608M4R)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\GB51343   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG010573   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH14909   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP17860   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL18264   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB18513   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB18515   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI006966   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA005885   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM615890   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC000956
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG6V41QF)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\JGI_V11_194985   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW006066
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG628DV0)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\pme-3   Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\pme-4   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_015102gn   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_008077gn   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\BX927294.1   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\OTTDARG00000030784   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\ENSXETG00000032778   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\PARG   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\ENSMUSG00000021911   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Parg   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\ENSG00000227345
Human Orthologs (1)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\ENSG00000227345
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD16322 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM12717 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG18573 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE16886 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF22307 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA15492 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL15784 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK18344 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ18830 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI14786 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH24742
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 7 )
Bloomington	10086 w1118 P{EP}PargEP351 31188 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF01703}attP2
Harvard	- PBac{RB}Parge04523
Kyoto	109111 w1118 Parg27.1/In(1)FM7 109112 w1118 Parg27.1/FM7i, P{ActGFP}JMR3
VDRC	v23962 w1118; P{GD8729}v23962 v23964 w1118; P{GD8729}v23964
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR17E02 BACR32E02 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 47 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	LD42380
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	AT23522 GH18413 LD03502 LD09040 LD12879 LD36021 LD46132 RE12007 RE21086 RE25663 RE45951 RE45952 RE63855 SD09694 SD25355
Other clones	20129 31219 46406 67205 102785 120179 148306 214255.55 214571.54 CK01.64A.F4 CK01.71A.E3 CK01.79D.H8 CK01.92B.H4 CK01.103A.C12 CK01.132D.G4 Dmel_neb_007711_0673_1874 EK052154 EK055361 EK056418 EK061964 EK072162 EK101258 EK134152 EK140455 EK165129 EK195911 EK224510 EK251625 EP08222 EP15255 LD37884
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0023216 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 31329
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Other Comments
	S2 cells treated with dsRNA generated against this gene show reduced phagocytosis of Candida albicans compared to untreated cells. (Stroschein-Stevenson et al., 2006)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_057973 NM_001258582 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_477321 NP_001245511 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAC28734 AAF45886 AAK93379 AF079556 AFH07225 AI516494 AL024454 AQ025321 AW943614 AY051955 CZ482272 CZ482273 Z98254 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 31329 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • O46043
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (IPR007724)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 57851 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0023216 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0023216 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0023216 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG2864-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0023216 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 31329 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 31329 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0023216
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 11 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG2864 (Zhang et al., 2009, Ni et al., 2008) EG:114E2.1   HD10914 (Staudt et al., 2005) PARG (Ame et al., 2004, Tulin and Spradling, 2004, Hanai et al., 2002, Ame, 1998.7.21, Tulin et al., 2007, Guerrero and Maggert, 2011) Parg (Stroschein-Stevenson et al., 2006, Kotova et al., 2009, Kotova et al., 2011, Ji and Tulin, 2009, Zhang et al., 2009, Sala et al., 2008, Morozova et al., 2007, Pinnola et al., 2007, Boamah et al., 2012, Ji and Tulin, 2012) parg (Staudt et al., 2005, Kotova et al., 2010)
Name Synonym	poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (Ame et al., 2004) Poly(ADPribose) glyco-hydrolase (Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2000) Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (Zhang et al., 2009) Poly(ADP-ribose) Glycohydrolase (Ji and Tulin, 2009) Poly(ADP-ribose)glycohydrolase (Morozova et al., 2007)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 37 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 37 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 18 ) Supplementary material  ( 4 ) Review  ( 2 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 4 ) Abstract  ( 4 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 )
Recent research papers ( 4 )
	Boamah et al., 2012, PLoS Genet. 8(1): e1002442 Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP-1) Regulates Ribosomal Biogenesis in Drosophila Nucleoli. [FBrf0217182] Ji and Tulin, 2012, Nat. Commun. 3: 760 Poly(ADP-ribose) controls DE-cadherin-dependent stem cell maintenance and oocyte localization. [FBrf0217856] Guerrero and Maggert, 2011, PLoS ONE 6(1): e16401 The CCCTC-Binding Factor (CTCF) of Drosophila Contributes to the Regulation of the Ribosomal DNA and Nucleolar Stability. [FBrf0212883] Kotova et al., 2011, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108(15): 6205--6210 Drosophila histone H2A variant (H2Av) controls poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) activation in chromatin. [FBrf0213479] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...