FB2025_05 , released December 11, 2025
Gene: Dmel\Taldo
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Taldo
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Transaldolase
Annotation Symbol
CG2827
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0023477
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
10 publicly available
Enzyme Name (EC)
transaldolase (2.2.1.2)
Gene Summary
Transaldolase (Taldo) encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of D-sedheptulose 7-phosphate and D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate into D-erythrose 4-phosphate and beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate. It catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway. [Date last reviewed: 2024-09-19] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

Tal

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
60A12-60A12
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-105
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:23940410..23942114
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (7 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables transaldolase activity
inferred from direct assay
(Lachaise et al., 2002)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables transaldolase activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002581146
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004730
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Biological Process (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in carbohydrate metabolic process
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001585, InterPro:IPR018225
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in pentose-phosphate shunt, non-oxidative branch
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004184153
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P37837
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
involved_in pentose-phosphate shunt
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004730
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
(Lachaise et al., 2002)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004730
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000074326
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the transaldolase family. Type 1 subfamily. (Q9W1G0)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
transaldolase activity
D-sedoheptulose 7-phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate = D-erythrose 4-phosphate + beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate (2.2.1.2)
RHEA 17053:
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Transaldolase (Taldo) encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of D-sedheptulose 7-phosphate and D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate into D-erythrose 4-phosphate and beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate. It catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway. [Date last reviewed: 2024-09-19]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
ALDEHYDE OR KETONIC GROUP TRANSFERASES -
Aldehyde or ketonic group transferases catalyze the transfer of an aldehyde or ketonic group from a donor compound to an acceptor compound.
Pathway (FlyBase)
PENTOSE PHOSPHATE SHUNT -
The pentose phosphate shunt oxidizes glucose 6-phosphate to produce NADPH and C4, C5 and C7 sugars. NADPH provides reducing power for reductive biosynthetic processes and redox homeostasis while the various sugars provide precursors for nucleotide and amino acid biosynthesis. The pathway is divided into two branches: the irreversible oxidative branch, which produces NADPH, and the reversible non-oxidative branch, which produces C4, C5 and C7 sugars. The pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis have three intermediates in common that interconnect them: glucose 6-phosphate, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate. (Adapted from PMID:37612403.)
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Transaldolase is important for the balance of metabolites in the pentose-phosphate pathway.
(UniProt, Q9W1G0)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Taldo for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9W1G0)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.52

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Taldo-RA
FBtr0072141
NM_079111
1116
331
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Taldo-PA
FBpp0072050
36.7
331
7.90
Q9W1G0
NP_523835
AAF47106
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Homodimer.

(UniProt, Q9W1G0)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Taldo using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.51

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
organism | ubiquitous
(Lachaise et al., 2002)
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 1 -- 4
organism
• yolk
(Lachaise et al., 2002)
embryonic stage 5
cell
(Lachaise et al., 2002)
embryonic stage 10
early stomodeal invagination
(Lachaise et al., 2002)
hindgut proper primordium
(Lachaise et al., 2002)
ventral neurectoderm
(Lachaise et al., 2002)
embryonic stage 12
germ band
(Lachaise et al., 2002)
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system
(Lachaise et al., 2002)
embryonic/larval midgut primordium
(Lachaise et al., 2002)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic Malpighian tubule
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval midgut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval visceral muscle cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
RT-PCR
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage -- adult stage
organism
(Lachaise et al., 2002)
Additional Descriptive Data

RT-PCR analysis of Taldo reveals strong expression in first instar larvae and both male and female adults, and moderate expression at pupal stage P6. Expression is weak in embryos and later larval and pupal stages. Taldo transcript is expressed in all tissues during embryonic development.

(Lachaise et al., 2002)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 5
cell

Comment: NOT yolk

(Lachaise et al., 2002)
embryonic stage 6 -- 11
organism | ubiquitous
(Lachaise et al., 2002)
embryonic stage 12
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Lachaise et al., 2002)
ventral ectoderm
(Lachaise et al., 2002)
ectoderm of embryonic gnathal segment
(Lachaise et al., 2002)
ectoderm of embryonic mandibular segment
(Lachaise et al., 2002)
ectoderm of embryonic maxillary segment
(Lachaise et al., 2002)
ectoderm of embryonic thoracic segment
(Lachaise et al., 2002)
third instar larval stage
larval brain | restricted

Comment: non-neuronal cells only

(Lachaise et al., 2002)
larval ventral nerve cord

Comment: non-neuronal cells only

(Lachaise et al., 2002)
ring gland

Comment: non-neuronal cells only

(Lachaise et al., 2002)
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood
adult heart
(Cammarato et al., 2011)
western blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 11 -- adult stage
organism
(Lachaise et al., 2002)
larval stage
fat body
(Lachaise et al., 2002)
Additional Descriptive Data

Western blot analysis reveals that Taldo protein is present in all stages from embryonic stage 11. Expression is strongest in embryos and in pharate adults. Taldo protein is localised to the cells of stage 5 embryos, but is excluded from the yolk. The entire embryo is labeled during gastrulation and germband extension stages. At stage 12, Taldo protein is observed in ectodermal cells that differentiate into the procepalic lobe, the gnathal and cephalic segments, and the thoracic segments. In the larval central nervous system and ring gland, Taldo protein is localized to the cytoplasm of non-neuronal cells.

(Lachaise et al., 2002)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
(Lachaise et al., 2002)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Taldo in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 2 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 7 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Taldo
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Taldo
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(2R)Exel6080
(Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Inferred from location ( 6 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal body color, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
flightless, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
mesonotum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (1)
Hsap\TALDO1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)
Rnor\Taldo1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)
Mmus\Taldo1
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (6)
Xtro\taldo1
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\rnf20
5 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC105947067
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\LOC108644521
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\polr1e
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\rnf168
1 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)
Drer\taldo1
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\tald-1
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011800
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (2)
Atha\AT1G12230
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\TRA2
2 of 13
No
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (2)
Scer\TAL1
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Scer\NQM1
12 of 13
No
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
Spom\tal1
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (4)
Ecol\talA
10 of 11
Yes
Yes
Ecol\talB
10 of 11
Yes
Yes
Ecol\fsaA
3 of 11
No
Yes
Ecol\fsaB
3 of 11
No
Yes
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Taldo. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    TALDO1; transaldolase 1
    14 of 14
    602063
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      Interaction Browsers
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      External Data
      Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
      Homodimer.
      (UniProt, Q9W1G0 )
      Linkouts
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Pathways
      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
      Metabolic Pathways
      FlyBase
      PENTOSE PHOSPHATE SHUNT
      External Links
      FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
      KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
      Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.
      External Data
      Linkouts
      KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
      Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
      Class of Gene
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      2R
      Recombination map
      2-105
      Cytogenetic map
      60A12-60A12
      Sequence location
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      60A12-60A12
      Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}kenk11035&P{EP}CG17658EP730 and P{EP}TalEP489&P{EP}CG3065EP316
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Location

      2-105

      (FlyBase, 2016)

      2-109.8

      (Comeron et al., 2012)
      Left of (cM)
      Right of (cM)
      Notes
      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (10)
      Genomic Clones (23)
      cDNA Clones (95)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
         

        polyclonal

        (Lachaise et al., 2002)
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Cell Line Information
        Publicly Available Cell Lines
         
          Other Stable Cell Lines
           
            Other Comments
            Relationship to Other Genes
            Source for database merge of

            Source for merge of: Transaldolase CG2827

            (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 2000.10.1)
            Additional comments
            Nomenclature History
            Source for database identify of

            Source for identity of: Taldo Tal

            (FlyBase, 2009-)
            Nomenclature comments

            The gene symbol "Tal" has been changed to "Taldo" (which matches the HGNC nomenclature of the human ortholog) in order to reduce confusion with the "tal" ("tarsal-less") gene symbol, from which it differed only by case.

            (FlyBase, 2009-)
            Etymology
            Synonyms and Secondary IDs (9)
            Datasets (0)
            Study focus (0)
            Experimental Role
            Project
            Project Type
            Title
            Study result (0)
            Result
            Result Type
            Title
            External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 46 )
            Sequence Crossreferences
            NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
            GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
            GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
            RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
            UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
            UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            Other crossreferences
            AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
            BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
            DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
            EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
            FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
            FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
            InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
            KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
            MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
            Linkouts
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
            FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
            FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
            Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
            Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
            FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
            iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
            KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
            KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
            Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.
            References (66)