FB2021_02, released April 13, 2021

Gene: Dmel\wit

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\wit
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
wishful thinking
Annotation Symbol
CG10776
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0024179
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
16 publicly available
Gene Summary
wishful thinking (wit) encodes a BMP Type II Receptor that, upon binding of the ligand encoded by gbb, makes a complex with either tkv or sax encoding BMP type I receptors. This complex initiates phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of the transcription factor encoded by Mad. wit product controls synaptic homeostasis and neurotransmission at the neuromusclular junction during larval development. It also regulates the peptidergic phenotype of several neurosecretory cells. [Date last reviewed: 2018-09-20] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

l(3)64Aa, STK-D, SE20

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
64A5-64A5
Sequence location
3L:4,064,152..4,071,717 [-]
Recombination map
3-10
RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:4064152..4071717
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (25 terms)
Molecular Function (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables activin receptor activity, type II
inferred from direct assay
(Lee-Hoeflich et al., 2005)
contributes_to BMP binding
inferred from direct assay
(Lee-Hoeflich et al., 2005)
enables BMP receptor activity
inferred from direct assay
(Anderson and Wharton, 2017, Jensen et al., 2009, Lee-Hoeflich et al., 2005)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables ATP binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000333, InterPro:IPR000719, InterPro:IPR017441
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000583675
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
enables transforming growth factor beta-activated receptor activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001147423
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Biological Process (11 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (8 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in activin receptor signaling pathway
inferred from direct assay
(Lee-Hoeflich et al., 2005, Zheng et al., 2003)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:put; FB:FBgn0003169
(Zheng et al., 2003)
involved_in BMP signaling pathway
inferred from direct assay
(Anderson and Wharton, 2017, Jensen et al., 2009, Lee-Hoeflich et al., 2005)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:sax; FB:FBgn0003317, FLYBASE:tkv; FB:FBgn0003716
(McCabe et al., 2004)
involved_in neuromuscular junction development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(James and Broihier, 2011, Marques et al., 2003, Aberle et al., 2002, Marques et al., 2002)
involved_in neuromuscular synaptic transmission
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Marques et al., 2003)
involved_in positive regulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Nahm et al., 2013)
involved_in SMAD protein signal transduction
inferred from direct assay
(Lee-Hoeflich et al., 2005)
involved_in synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Nrx-1; FB:FBgn0038975
(Banerjee et al., 2017)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Nlg1; FB:FBgn0051146
(Banerjee et al., 2017)
involved_in ventral cord development
inferred from high throughput mutant phenotype
(Bivik et al., 2015)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in BMP signaling pathway
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001147423
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
involved_in cellular response to growth factor stimulus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000583675
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
involved_in dendrite morphogenesis
non-traceable author statement
(Grueber and Jan, 2004)
involved_in protein phosphorylation
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002758232
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Cellular Component (8 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of activin receptor complex
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:babo; FB:FBgn0011300
(Lee-Hoeflich et al., 2005)
part_of BMP receptor complex
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:sax; FB:FBgn0003317, FLYBASE:tkv; FB:FBgn0003716
(Lee-Hoeflich et al., 2005)
located_in early endosome
inferred from direct assay
(Smith et al., 2012)
located_in recycling endosome
inferred from direct assay
(West et al., 2015)
located_in synapse
inferred from direct assay
(West et al., 2015)
part_of trans-synaptic protein complex
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Nrx-1; FB:FBgn0038975, FLYBASE:Nlg1; FB:FBgn0051146
(Banerjee et al., 2017)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in plasma membrane
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002758232
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
part_of receptor complex
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000583675
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
wishful thinking (wit) encodes a BMP Type II Receptor that, upon binding of the ligand encoded by gbb, makes a complex with either tkv or sax encoding BMP type I receptors. This complex initiates phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of the transcription factor encoded by Mad. wit product controls synaptic homeostasis and neurotransmission at the neuromusclular junction during larval development. It also regulates the peptidergic phenotype of several neurosecretory cells. [Date last reviewed: 2018-09-20]
Pathway (FlyBase)
Activin Signaling Pathway Core Components -
The activin signaling pathway is one of two branches of Transforming Growth Factor-β family signaling in Drosophila. The binding of an activin family dimer to a heterodimeric serine/threonine kinase receptor complex results in the phosphorylation of Smox, a members of the Smad family. Smox forms a complex with the co-Smad, Med. This complex translocates into the nucleus and regulates the transcription of target genes in concert with other nuclear cofactors. (Adapted from FBrf0236482.)
BMP Signaling Pathway Core Components -
The Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling pathway is one of two branches of Transforming Growth Factor-β family signaling in Drosophila. The binding of a BMP family dimer to a heterodimeric serine/threonine kinase receptor complex results in the phosphorylation of Mad, a member of the Smad family. Mad forms a complex with the co-Smad, Med. This complex translocates into the nucleus and regulates the transcription of target genes in concert with other nuclear cofactors. (Adapted from FBrf0236482.)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
TGF-BETA TYPE II RECEPTORS -
The Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptor (TGF-βR) family are transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. They form heterodimeric receptor complexes composed of type I and type II subunits. Upon ligand binding, the constitutively active type II receptor phosphorylates the type I receptor which, in turn, phosphorylates a member of the Smad family. (Adapted from FBrf0236482.)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

type II TGFß receptor - functions presynaptically to regulate synaptic size at the neuromuscular junction - modulates the probability of neurotransmitter release and readily releasable pools

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\wit for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.44

Stop-codon suppression (UAG) postulated; FBrf0216884.

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
gene_with_stop_codon_read_through
(Jungreis et al., 2011)
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
wit-RA
FBtr0073279
NM_079953
4217
903
wit-RB
FBtr0330072
NM_001274466
4217
913
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
wit-PA
FBpp0073135
100.3
903
6.99
NP_524692
AAF47832
wit-PB
FBpp0303105
101.4
913
6.82
NP_001261395
AGB94090
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\wit using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 11 -- 14
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system | restricted
(Aberle et al., 2002)
ventral nerve cord primordium | restricted
(Aberle et al., 2002)
embryonic stage 14
amnioserosa
(Aberle et al., 2002)
embryonic stage 15 -- 17
presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system
(Aberle et al., 2002)
embryonic stage 16 -- 17
embryonic/larval midgut | restricted
(Aberle et al., 2002)
embryonic stage 17
motor neuron of larval ventral nerve cord
(Kim and Marqués, 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data

wit transcript is detected in the embryonic ventral nerve cord in median and lateral clusters of prospective motorneurons, colocalising with twit transcript.

(Kim and Marqués, 2012)

Embryonic expression first observed at stage 11, primarily in the CNS and in the labral sensory complex primordia of the PNS; expression in restricted clusters of cells. Expression in CNS expands to include more cells and continues to end of embryogenesis. In stage 14 embryos, also expressed is scattered cells in the dorsal closure furrow. In stage 16 embryos, also expressed in the 'furrows' (constrictions?) of the developing midgut.

(Aberle et al., 2002)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 13
RP2 motor neuron
(Aberle et al., 2002)
VUM neuron
(Aberle et al., 2002)
embryonic stage 13 -- 14
ventral nerve cord primordium | restricted
(Aberle et al., 2002)
embryonic stage 13 -- 17
lateral cord neuron
(Aberle et al., 2002)
embryonic stage 16 -- 17
motor neuron
(Aberle et al., 2002)
larval stage
embryonic/larval brain
(Aberle et al., 2002)
first instar larval stage -- second instar larval stage
larval ventral nerve cord
(Aberle et al., 2002)
third instar larval stage
imaginal disc
(Aberle et al., 2002)
embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction
(Higashi-Kovtun et al., 2010)
embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction
(Higashi-Kovtun et al., 2010)
larval ventral nerve cord
(Higashi-Kovtun et al., 2010)
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
western blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval central nervous system
(Kim and Marqués, 2012)
embryonic/larval brain
(Kim and Marqués, 2012)
larval ventral nerve cord
(Kim and Marqués, 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data

Expressed specifically in the nervous system from embryonic stages until third instar larvae. In embryos from stage 13 high levels of expression in the CNS, in later embryos highest in motor neurons; weak expression in sensory neurons of the PNS. In larvae, expressed in brain from first through third instars; expression in ventral nerve cord ceases during third instar. Expression also observed in all imaginal discs.

(Aberle et al., 2002)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of activin receptor complex
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:babo; FB:FBgn0011300
(Lee-Hoeflich et al., 2005)
part_of BMP receptor complex
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:sax; FB:FBgn0003317, FLYBASE:tkv; FB:FBgn0003716
(Lee-Hoeflich et al., 2005)
located_in early endosome
inferred from direct assay
(Smith et al., 2012)
located_in recycling endosome
inferred from direct assay
(West et al., 2015)
located_in synapse
inferred from direct assay
(West et al., 2015)
part_of trans-synaptic protein complex
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Nrx-1; FB:FBgn0038975, FLYBASE:Nlg1; FB:FBgn0051146
(Banerjee et al., 2017)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\wit in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 17 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 32 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of wit
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of wit
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 11 )
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal (with Df(3L)GN50)
lethal (with witA12)
lethal (with witB11)
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die before end of P-stage
lethal - all die before end of P-stage (with witA12)
lethal - all die before end of P-stage (with witB11)
lethal - all die before end of P-stage (with witC175)
lethal - all die before end of P-stage | maternal effect
lethal - all die before end of P-stage | recessive
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Sterility
Allele
fertile
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal circadian rhythm, with Scer\GAL4P2.4.Pdf
abnormal developmental rate | larval stage (with witA12)
abnormal developmental rate | larval stage (with witB11)
abnormal neuroanatomy
abnormal neuroanatomy (with witA12)
abnormal neuroanatomy (with witB11)
abnormal neuroanatomy (with witHA2)
abnormal neuroanatomy (with witHA3)
abnormal neuroanatomy (with witHA4)
abnormal neuroanatomy (with witHA5)
abnormal neuroanatomy (with witunspecified)
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage (with witA12)
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage (with witB11)
abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage (with witA12)
abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage (with witB11)
abnormal neurophysiology (with witA12)
abnormal neurophysiology (with witB11)
abnormal neurophysiology (with witC175)
abnormal neurophysiology (with witHA4)
abnormal neurophysiology (with witHA5)
abnormal neurophysiology | larval stage (with witA12)
abnormal neurophysiology | larval stage (with witB11)
abnormal neurophysiology | third instar larval stage (with witA12)
abnormal neurophysiology | third instar larval stage (with witHA3)
abnormal size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4esg.PU
abnormal size | third instar larval stage (with witA12)
abnormal size | third instar larval stage (with witHA3)
some die during larval stage (with witA12)
some die during larval stage (with witB11)
some die during pharate adult stage
some die during pharate adult stage (with witA12)
some die during pharate adult stage (with witC175)
some die during pharate adult stage | maternal effect
some die during pharate adult stage | recessive
visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
wild-type
wild-type, with Scer\GAL4G14
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
A1-7 ventral longitudinal muscle 1 (with witA12)
A1-7 ventral longitudinal muscle 1 (with witB11)
A2 neuron (with witA12)
A2 neuron (with witB11)
A3 neuron (with witA12)
A3 neuron (with witB11)
apterous-expressing neuron of the lateral cluster of the thorax
apterous-expressing neuron of the lateral cluster of the thorax Ap4
axon (with witA12)
axon (with witB11)
bouton (with witA12)
bouton (with witB11)
bouton (with witHA2)
bouton (with witHA4)
bouton (with witHA5)
chaeta, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
dense core granule | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4NP0261
dorsal appendage, with Scer\GAL4e22c
egg chorion | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4e22c
embryonic/larval muscle system (with witHA2)
embryonic/larval muscle system (with witHA4)
embryonic/larval muscle system (with witHA5)
embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction (with witA12)
embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction (with witB11)
embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | third instar larval stage (with witA12)
embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | third instar larval stage (with witB11)
embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | third instar larval stage (with witHA3)
femur | pharate adult stage (with witA12)
femur | pharate adult stage (with witC175)
larval CCAP neuron (with witA12)
larval CCAP neuron (with witB11)
leg | pharate adult stage (with witA12)
leg | pharate adult stage (with witC175)
male accessory gland secondary cell, with Scer\GAL4dsx.KI
male accessory gland secondary cell, with Scer\GAL4esg.PU
male accessory gland secondary cell, with Scer\GAL4NP0261
metathoracic femur | pharate adult stage (with witA12)
metathoracic femur | pharate adult stage (with witC175)
metathoracic tibia | pharate adult stage (with witA12)
metathoracic tibia | pharate adult stage (with witC175)
neuromuscular junction
neuromuscular junction (with witA12)
neuromuscular junction (with witB11)
neuromuscular junction (with witHA2)
neuromuscular junction (with witHA4)
neuromuscular junction (with witHA5)
neuromuscular junction | third instar larval stage (with witA12)
neuromuscular junction | third instar larval stage (with witB11)
NMJ bouton (with witA12)
NMJ bouton (with witB11)
NMJ bouton | increased number | third instar larval stage (with witA12)
NMJ bouton | increased number | third instar larval stage (with witB11)
NMJ bouton | larval stage (with witA12)
NMJ bouton | larval stage (with witB11)
NMJ bouton | third instar larval stage (with witA12)
NMJ bouton | third instar larval stage (with witB11)
NMJ bouton | third instar larval stage (with witHA3)
nucleus | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4esg.PU
posterior crossvein, with Scer\GAL4A9
postsynaptic density | third instar larval stage (with witA12)
postsynaptic density | third instar larval stage (with witB11)
postsynaptic membrane (with witA12)
postsynaptic membrane (with witC175)
presynaptic active zone | third instar larval stage (with witA12)
presynaptic active zone | third instar larval stage (with witB11)
pupa (with witA12)
pupa (with witB11)
secretory vesicle | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4dsx.KI
subsynaptic reticulum | third instar larval stage (with witA12)
subsynaptic reticulum | third instar larval stage (with witB11)
synapse, with Scer\GAL4RapGAP1-OK6
synapse (with witA12)
synapse (with witB11)
synapse | larval stage
tarsal segment | pharate adult stage (with witA12)
tarsal segment | pharate adult stage (with witC175)
terminal bouton (with witA12)
terminal bouton (with witunspecified)
terminal bouton | third instar larval stage (with witA12)
terminal bouton | third instar larval stage (with witB11)
tibia | pharate adult stage (with witA12)
tibia | pharate adult stage (with witC175)
type I bouton | third instar larval stage (with witA12)
type I bouton | third instar larval stage (with witB11)
type III bouton | decreased number (with witA12)
type III bouton | decreased number (with witB11)
wing vein L5, with Scer\GAL4A9
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Homo sapiens (Human) (8)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Hsap\BMPR2
9 of 15
Yes
Yes
Hsap\ACVR2A
3 of 15
No
No
Hsap\ACVR2B
2 of 15
No
No
1  
Hsap\AMHR2
2 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\CHGA
1 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\MBTPS2
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\SMCHD1
1 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\TGFBR2
1 of 15
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (5)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Mmus\Bmpr2
10 of 15
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Acvr2a
3 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Acvr2b
3 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Amhr2
3 of 15
No
Yes
Mmus\Tgfbr2
1 of 15
No
No
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (5)
Rnor\Bmpr2
8 of 13
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Acvr2a
3 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Acvr2b
3 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Amhr2
3 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Tgfbr2
1 of 13
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (5)
Xtro\bmpr2
6 of 12
Yes
Yes
Xtro\acvr2a
2 of 12
No
No
Xtro\acvr2b
2 of 12
No
No
Xtro\amhr2
1 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\tgfbr2
1 of 12
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (9)
Drer\bmpr2a
7 of 15
Yes
Yes
Drer\bmpr2b
7 of 15
Yes
Yes
Drer\acvr2aa
3 of 15
No
No
Drer\LOC100331938
3 of 15
No
No
Drer\acvr2ba
2 of 15
No
No
Drer\acvr2ab
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\si:dkey-101k6.5
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\tgfbr2a
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\tgfbr2b
1 of 15
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\daf-4
4 of 15
Yes
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (6)
Atha\AT2G19210
1 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT3G45410
1 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT3G53380
1 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT4G23050
1 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\CRK42
1 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\XIP1
1 of 9
Yes
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
Scer\YPK3
1 of 15
Yes
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
No records found.
Ortholog(s) in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091902SX )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
AAA Syntenic Ortholog
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Drosophila suzukii
Spotted wing Drosophila
Dsuz\DS10_00007572
Drosophila simulans
Dsim\GD13298
Drosophila sechellia
Dsec\GM14019
Drosophila erecta
Dere\GG14225
Drosophila yakuba
Dyak\GE20653
Drosophila ananassae
Dana\GF24409
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
Dpse\GA10555
Drosophila persimilis
Dper\GL16800
Drosophila willistoni
Dwil\GK18023
Drosophila virilis
Dvir\GJ13615
Drosophila mojavensis
Dmoj\GI11419
Drosophila grimshawi
Dgri\GH24979
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091502Y2 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Musca domestica
House fly
Mdoa\17021138
Glossina morsitans
Tsetse fly
Gmor\GMOY002048
Mayetiola destructor
Hessian fly
Mdes\Mdes001637
Aedes aegypti
Yellow fever mosquito
Aaeg\AAEL004165
Anopheles darlingi
American malaria mosquito
Adar\ADAC001330
Anopheles gambiae
Malaria mosquito
Agam\AGAP005567
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\CPIJ004526
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W01WF )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Apis florea
Little honeybee
Aflo\2474739236
Apis mellifera
Western honey bee
Amel\wit
Bombus impatiens
Common eastern bumble bee
Bimp\BIMP25615
Bombus terrestris
Buff-tailed bumblebee
Bter\15207827
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH11245
Megachile rotundata
Alfalfa leafcutting bee
Mrot\MROTU:002927
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG005861
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Mountain pine beetle
Dpod\YQE_05384
Tribolium castaneum
Red flour beetle
Tcas\wit
Rhodnius prolixus
Kissing bug
Rpro\RPRC008560
Cimex lectularius
Bed bug
Clec\CLEC003573
Zootermopsis nevadensis
Nevada dampwood termite
Znev\Znev_01343
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X01U2 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR009121
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR000389
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW020983
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW001127
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM65634.1
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM68339.1
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM61867.1
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur02g05430
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur08g06290
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091G03YO )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Bmpr2
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-TgfbrtII
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Acvr2
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Bmpr2_1
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Acvr2_1
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\tgfbr-iib
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\tgfbr-iia
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\LOC424261
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\ACVR2A
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\TGFBR2
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\ACVR2B
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\BRK-3
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (4)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
orthoMCL
Panther
RoundUp
Alignment
put
4 of 10
babo
1 of 10
sax
1 of 10
tkv
1 of 10
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Model Summary Ribbon
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 2 )
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 4 )
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    BMPR2; bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2
    9 of 15
    600799
    ACVR2A; activin A receptor type 2A
    3 of 15
    102581
        Functional Complementation Data
        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
        Interactions
        Summary of Physical Interactions
        esyN Network Diagram
        Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
        Select Layout:
        Legend:
        Protein
        RNA
        Selected Interactor(s)
        Interactions Browser
        View in Interactions Browser
        Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
        RNA-RNA
        Physical Interaction
        Assay
        References
        wit - mir-124
        luminiscence technology
        (Sun et al., 2012)
        wit - mir-9a
        quantitative reverse transcription pcr
        (Yatsenko and Shcherbata, 2014)
        protein-protein
        Physical Interaction
        Assay
        References
        wit - lqf
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
        (Vanlandingham et al., 2013)
        wit - spict
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation
        (Wang et al., 2007)
        Summary of Genetic Interactions
        esyN Network Diagram
        esyN Network Key:
        Suppression
        Enhancement
        View in Interactions Browser
        Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        wit
        suppressible
        CCAP
        (Veverytsa and Allan, 2011)
        wit
        suppressible
        CCAP|Mip
        (Veverytsa and Allan, 2011)
        wit
        suppressible
        CCAP|Mip|Pburs
        (Veverytsa and Allan, 2011)
        wit
        suppressible
        CCAP|Pburs
        (Veverytsa and Allan, 2011)
        wit
        suppressible
        FMRFa
        (Marques et al., 2003)
        wit
        enhanceable
        Impβ11
        (Higashi-Kovtun et al., 2010)
        wit
        suppressible
        Mip
        (Veverytsa and Allan, 2011)
        wit
        suppressible
        Mip|Pburs
        (Veverytsa and Allan, 2011)
        wit
        suppressible
        Pburs
        (Veverytsa and Allan, 2011)
        wit
        suppressible
        sax|tkv
        (Veverytsa and Allan, 2011)
        wit
        suppressible
        tkv::wit
        (McCabe et al., 2004)
        wit
        suppressible
        trio
        (Ball et al., 2010)
        wit
        enhanceable
        twit
        (Kim and Marqués, 2012)
        wit
        suppressible
        WASp
        (Khuong et al., 2010)
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        Abi
        suppressible
        wit
        (Kim et al., 2019)
        Abl
        suppressible
        wit
        (Kim et al., 2019)
        Acsl
        suppressible
        wit
        (Liu et al., 2014)
        CG41099
        suppressible
        wit
        (Kim et al., 2019)
        Cip4
        suppressible
        wit
        (Nahm et al., 2010)
        cmpy
        suppressible
        wit
        (James and Broihier, 2011)
        cpx
        suppressible
        wit
        (Cho et al., 2015)
        CtBP
        suppressible
        wit
        (Kim et al., 2019)
        Dap160
        suppressible
        wit
        (O'Connor-Giles et al., 2008)
        Fmr1
        suppressible
        wit
        (Kashima et al., 2016)
        GluRIIA
        suppressible
        wit
        (Haghighi et al., 2003)
        hiw
        suppressible
        wit
        (McCabe et al., 2004)
        Impβ11
        enhanceable
        wit
        (Higashi-Kovtun et al., 2010)
        Neto
        enhanceable
        wit
        (Sulkowski et al., 2014)
        Nlg1
        enhanceable
        wit
        (Banerjee et al., 2017)
        Nlg4
        suppressible
        wit
        (Zhang et al., 2017)
        Nrx-1
        suppressible
        wit
        (Banerjee et al., 2017)
        Nrx-1
        enhanceable
        wit
        (Banerjee et al., 2017)
        nwk
        suppressible
        wit
        (O'Connor-Giles et al., 2008, Rodal et al., 2008)
        nwk
        enhanceable
        wit
        (Rodal et al., 2008)
        Rac1
        suppressible
        wit
        (Kim et al., 2019, Ball et al., 2010)
        S6KL
        suppressible
        wit
        (Zhao et al., 2015)
        Smn
        suppressible
        wit
        (Sen et al., 2013)
        Snx16
        suppressible
        wit
        (Rodal et al., 2011)
        spartin
        suppressible
        wit
        (Nahm et al., 2013)
        spict
        suppressible
        wit
        (Wang et al., 2007)
        spin
        suppressible
        wit
        (Sweeney and Davis, 2002)
        Vps35
        suppressible
        wit
        (Korolchuk et al., 2007)
        WASp
        suppressible
        wit
        (Nahm et al., 2010)
        External Data
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Pathways
        Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
        Activin Signaling Pathway Core Components -
        The activin signaling pathway is one of two branches of Transforming Growth Factor-β family signaling in Drosophila. The binding of an activin family dimer to a heterodimeric serine/threonine kinase receptor complex results in the phosphorylation of Smox, a members of the Smad family. Smox forms a complex with the co-Smad, Med. This complex translocates into the nucleus and regulates the transcription of target genes in concert with other nuclear cofactors. (Adapted from FBrf0236482.)
        BMP Signaling Pathway Core Components -
        The Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling pathway is one of two branches of Transforming Growth Factor-β family signaling in Drosophila. The binding of a BMP family dimer to a heterodimeric serine/threonine kinase receptor complex results in the phosphorylation of Mad, a member of the Smad family. Mad forms a complex with the co-Smad, Med. This complex translocates into the nucleus and regulates the transcription of target genes in concert with other nuclear cofactors. (Adapted from FBrf0236482.)
        Metabolic Pathways
        External Data
        Linkouts
        KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.
        Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
        Chromosome (arm)
        3L
        Recombination map
        3-10
        Cytogenetic map
        64A5-64A5
        Sequence location
        3L:4,064,152..4,071,717 [-]
        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Evidence for location
        64A5-64A5
        Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)rG166rG166 and P{PZ}sinu06524
        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Notes
        References
        64A1-64A5
        (determined by in situ hybridisation)
        (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-, Deak et al., 1997)
        64A-64A
        (Chavez et al., 1998)
        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
        Location

        3-10

        (FlyBase, 2016)

        3-8.6

        (Comeron et al., 2012)
        Left of (cM)
        Right of (cM)
        Notes
        Stocks and Reagents
        Stocks (16)
        Genomic Clones (16)
         

        Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

        cDNA Clones (29)
         

        Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

        cDNA clones, fully sequenced
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
         
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
        Other Information
        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database identify of
        Source for database merge of

        Source for merge of: wit l(3)64Aa

        (Chavez et al., 2000)

        Source for merge of: wit Stk-D

        (Basler, 2000.11.30)

        Source for merge of: wit SE20

        (O'Connor, 2000.12.5)

        Source for merge of: wit l(3)S126215

        (Aberle et al., 2002)

        Source for merge of: wit CG10776

        (FlyBase, 1996-)
        Additional comments

        Source for merge of wit CG10776 was sequence comparison ( date:000401 ).

        (FlyBase, 1996-)
        Other Comments

        dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.

        (Kiger et al., 2003)

        wit regulates expression of Fmrf. wit may globally regulate neuromuscular junction (NMJ) function by controlling both the growth and transmitter release properties of the synapse as well as the expression of systemic modulators of NMJ synaptic activity.

        (Marques et al., 2003)

        wit appears to function as a presynaptic receptor that regulates synaptic size at the neuromuscular junction.

        (Aberle et al., 2002)

        wit has a role in neuromuscular junction synapse assembly and activity.

        (Marques et al., 2002)

        A new Type II receptor, a candidate receptor for dpp, scw and gbb.

        (Marques et al., 1996)

        Discussed during genetic analysis of the Ras64B-Rop region.

        (Harrison et al., 1995)
        Origin and Etymology
        Discoverer
        Etymology
        Identification
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 57 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
        UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
        GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
        iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
        InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
        SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        DPiM - Drosophila Protein interaction map
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
        FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
        Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
        InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
        KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.
        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (20)
        Reported As
        Symbol Synonym
        1262/15
        (Deak et al., 1997)
        ALK3/BMPRII
        (Morrison et al., 2000)
        BMP
        (Ball et al., 2015)
        CG10776
        (Hosono et al., 2015, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009.1.15, Marques et al., 2002, Morrison et al., 2000)
        SE20
        (Marques et al., 1996)
        STK-D
        (Basler, 2000.11.30, Raftery and Sutherland, 1999, Ruberte et al., 1995)
        Stk-D
        WIT
        (Gesualdi and Haerry, 2007)
        Wit
        (Lai et al., 2020, Gjelsvik et al., 2018, Song et al., 2018, Kashima et al., 2017, Monsivais et al., 2017, Upadhyay et al., 2017, Wells et al., 2017, West et al., 2015, Frank, 2014, Osses and Henríquez, 2014, Raftery and Umulis, 2012, Smith et al., 2012, Harris and Ashe, 2011, Jensen et al., 2009, Baumgardt et al., 2007, Yakoby et al., 2007, Dudu, 2006)
        Wit-C
        (Godena et al., 2011)
        l(3)64Aa
        (Chavez et al., 2000, Featherstone et al., 2000, Harrison, 1999.5.12, Kulkarni et al., 1994)
        l(3)S126215
        l(3)SH12
        (Harrison et al., 1995)
        wit
        (Port et al., 2020, Upadhyay et al., 2020, Bellosta and Soldano, 2019, Hoover et al., 2019, Kim et al., 2019, Ng, 2019.8.30, Wang et al., 2019, Wang et al., 2019, Whittle and Extavour, 2019, Drozd et al., 2018, Hoyer et al., 2018, Le et al., 2018, Liao et al., 2018, Akbergenova and Littleton, 2017, Banerjee et al., 2017, Jordán-Álvarez et al., 2017, Zhang et al., 2017, Deshpande et al., 2016, Garaulet et al., 2016, Harris et al., 2016, Kashima et al., 2016, Lee et al., 2016, Li et al., 2016, Padash Barmchi et al., 2016, Sarov et al., 2016, Ball et al., 2015, Bivik et al., 2015, Cho et al., 2015, Zhao et al., 2015, Kang et al., 2014, Liu et al., 2014, Sulkowski et al., 2014, Bai et al., 2013, Beckwith et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013, Marmion et al., 2013, Nahm et al., 2013, Sen et al., 2013, Shi et al., 2013, Vanlandingham et al., 2013, Boulanger et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Kim and Marqués, 2012, Le and Wharton, 2012, Miller et al., 2012, Pennetier et al., 2012, Sun et al., 2012, James and Broihier, 2011, Jungreis et al., 2011, Pilgram et al., 2011, Rodal et al., 2011, Veverytsa and Allan, 2011, Yuva-Aydemir et al., 2011, Ball et al., 2010, Higashi-Kovtun et al., 2010, Khuong et al., 2010, Kim and Marqués, 2010, Lloyd and Taylor, 2010, Mosca and Schwarz, 2010, Nahm et al., 2010, Nahm et al., 2010, Xiong et al., 2010, Davidson et al., 2009, Eade and Allan, 2009, Boylan et al., 2008, Chang et al., 2008, Chang et al., 2008, Fradkin et al., 2008, Haussmann et al., 2008, Miguel-Aliaga et al., 2008, Ng, 2008, O'Connor-Giles et al., 2008, Rodal et al., 2008, Vogler and Urban, 2008, Christensen et al., 2007.10.29, Cordero et al., 2007, Goold and Davis, 2007, Herrero et al., 2007, Knox et al., 2007, Korolchuk et al., 2007, Wang et al., 2007, Collins et al., 2006, Nakayama et al., 2006, Serpe and O'Connor, 2006, van der Plas et al., 2006, Eaton and Davis, 2005, Marques, 2005, Koh et al., 2004)
        wiw
        (Vuilleumier et al., 2019)
        Name Synonyms
        Bone Morphogenetic Protein
        (Ball et al., 2015)
        Serine/threonine kinase-D
        Wishful Thinking
        (Gjelsvik et al., 2018, Wang et al., 2007)
        Wishful thinking
        (Vanlandingham et al., 2013, Harris and Ashe, 2011, James and Broihier, 2011, Higashi-Kovtun et al., 2010, Kim and Marqués, 2010, Jensen et al., 2009, Herrero et al., 2007, Wang et al., 2007)
        wishful thinking
        (Drozd et al., 2018, Ball et al., 2015, West et al., 2015, Liu et al., 2014, Osses and Henríquez, 2014, Miller et al., 2012, Ball et al., 2010, Mosca and Schwarz, 2010, Chang et al., 2008, Haussmann et al., 2008, Knox et al., 2007, Korolchuk et al., 2007, Collins et al., 2006, Eaton and Davis, 2005, Marques, 2005, Koh et al., 2004, Chavez et al., 1998)
        Secondary FlyBase IDs
        • FBgn0014282
        • FBgn0015807
        • FBgn0027362
        • FBgn0027993
        • FBgn0035493
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        References (216)