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Gene Dmel\sns

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\sns	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	sticks and stones	Annotation symbol	CG33141
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0024189
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	5 publicly available
Also Known As	43-49, CG13755
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2R	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	44F1-44F1	Sequence location	2R:4,685,994..4,743,596 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene sticks and stones is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\sns (CG33141, FBgn0024189). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: protein binding. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: myoblast fusion; nephrocyte filtration; spermatid development; actin cytoskeleton organization; homophilic cell adhesion; larval visceral muscle development; heterophilic cell-cell adhesion; garland nephrocyte differentiation; nephrocyte diaphragm assembly; compound eye morphogenesis. 57 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system; organ system subdivision; external compound sense organ; non-connected developing system; adult segment; multicellular structure; late extended germ band embryo; extended germ band embryo; thoracic segment; eo support cell; garland cell. It has 3 annotated transcripts and 3 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: CD80-like, immunoglobulin C2-set; Fibronectin, type III; Immunoglobulin I-set; Immunoglobulin subtype; Immunoglobulin subtype 2; Immunoglobulin-like domain; Immunoglobulin-like fold. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 06-18 hour embryonic stages, during early pupal stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Little or no expression detected in any larval or adult organs/tissues. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1633648_at completely aligns to an exonic region common to each of the 2 FlyBase-annotated transcript isoforms of sns. Gene sequence location is 2R:4685994..4743596.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
External Summaries
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03	Alleles sns[Scer\UAS.T:SV5\V5] sns[D1] sns[s660] Transgenic Constructs P{UAS-hbs::sns.HESTC.HA} P{UAS-hbs::sns.SETHC.HA} P{UAS-hbs::sns.SEHTC.HA} P{UAS-sns.V5}
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 44F1-44F1   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(2)44DEa05847 and P{lacW}Rya-r44Fk04913
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 44F-44F     (Bour et al., 1999) 43-49     (Paululat et al., 1999)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	2- (Paululat et al., 1999) 2-58.2--61.5 (Bour et al., 2000) 2-58 (Bour et al., 1998, Abmayr, 1998.5.1) 1- (Paululat et al., 1999) 58 (Bour et al., 1999)
Left of (cM)	L sca (Abmayr, 1998.5.1)
Right of (cM)	cn (Abmayr, 1998.5.1, Paululat et al., 1999) Bl (Abmayr, 1998.5.1)
Notes	Maps between positions 43 and 49 on chromosome 2. (Paululat et al., 1999)
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\sns for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated. Gene model reviewed during 5.49
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) sns-RA FBtr0088635  NM_176106   8505   1479 sns-RB FBtr0111043  NM_001043067   8694   1542 sns-RC FBtr0339277     8544   1492
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	8.035 (compiled cDNA) (Bour et al., 2000)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein sns-PA   FBpp0087716   161.9   1479   7.81     NP_788286   AAF59040 sns-PB   FBpp0110338   168.2   1542   8.11     NP_001036532   ABI31083 sns-PC   FBpp0308386   162.7   1492   8.10
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	1483 (aa); 162 (kD predicted) (Bour et al., 2000)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Immunoglobulin subtype 2 (IPR003598) Immunoglobulin subtype (IPR003599) Fibronectin, type III (IPR003961) Immunoglobulin-like domain (IPR007110) CD80-like, immunoglobulin C2-set (IPR013162) Immunoglobulin-like fold (IPR013783) Immunoglobulin I-set (IPR013098)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE013599 AAF59040   AE013599 ABI31083   AF254867 AAF77184   AI533293   BG639730   BI570954   BI573308   BI623489   BT083420   CO304233   CO317210   EC089972   EC204128   EC248444   EL885489   EL885490   EL885613   EL885614   EL885720   EL885721   EL885846   EL885847   EY198692   EY198789   FE527429   FE527498   FL502463   FL502714   FL502859
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	A1Z7J1 Q0E9F2 Q9V4Y0
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 11   somatic mesoderm | restricted   (Stute et al., 2004) visceral mesoderm | restricted   (Stute et al., 2004) fusion competent cell   (Stute et al., 2004) embryonic stage 11 -- 13   visceral mesoderm   (Bour et al., 2000) embryonic stage 11 -- 14   somatic mesoderm   (Bour et al., 2000) embryonic stage 11 -- 17   embryonic/larval somatic muscle   (Bour et al., 2000) embryonic stage 17   muscle attachment site   (Bour et al., 2000)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Expression of sns is observed in two bands in the fusion-competent myoblasts of the somatic and visceral mesoderm, a dorsal band corresponding to the fusion-competent myoblasts of the visceral mesoderm and a ventral band corresponding to the fusion-competent myoblasts of the somatic mesoderm. (Stute et al., 2004) sns transcript is detected in the embryonic visceral and somatic musculature. (Bour et al., 2000)
Marker for
	fusion-competent cell
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 11 -- 13   visceral mesoderm   (Bour et al., 2000) embryonic stage 11 -- 14   somatic mesoderm   (Bour et al., 2000) embryonic stage 11 -- 17   embryonic/larval somatic muscle   (Bour et al., 2000) adult stage   inter-ommatidial cell   (Hoehne et al., 2005)
Additional Descriptive Data
	sns protein is enriched at the cell membrane. The protein localizes to discrete sites in the membrane as muscle founder cell fusion progresses, and amounts of the protein decline during the process. (Bour et al., 2000)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
nephrocyte diaphragm inferred from direct assay (Weavers et al., 2009, Zhuang et al., 2009) plasma membrane inferred from direct assay (Weavers et al., 2009) inferred from direct assay AND inferred from sequence or structural similarity with EMBL:AF035385 (Bour et al., 2000)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Little or no expression detected in any larval or adult organs/tissues. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    20.325 Larval Midgut    6.5 Larval Hindgut    5.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.8 Larval Fat Body    5 Larval Salivary Gland    4.3 Larval Trachea    6.075 Larval Carcass    9.25 Adult Head    11.6 Adult Eye    8.625 Adult Brain    71.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    72.9 Adult Crop    9 Adult Midgut    6.5 Adult Hindgut    6.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.1 Adult Fat Body    6.1 Adult Salivary Gland    11.1 Adult Heart    33.05 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    9.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.8 Adult Ovary    2.3 Adult Testis    2.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    8.4 Adult Carcass    14.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    20.325 Larval Midgut    6.5 Larval Hindgut    5.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.8 Larval Fat Body    5 Larval Salivary Gland    4.3 Larval Trachea    6.075 Larval Carcass    9.25 Adult Head    11.6 Adult Eye    8.625 Adult Brain    71.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    72.9 Adult Crop    9 Adult Midgut    6.5 Adult Hindgut    6.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.1 Adult Fat Body    6.1 Adult Salivary Gland    11.1 Adult Heart    33.05 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    9.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.8 Adult Ovary    2.3 Adult Testis    2.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    8.4 Adult Carcass    14.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    20.325 Larval Midgut    6.5 Larval Hindgut    5.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.8 Larval Fat Body    5 Larval Salivary Gland    4.3 Larval Trachea    6.075 Larval Carcass    9.25 Adult Head    11.6 Adult Eye    8.625 Adult Brain    71.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    72.9 Adult Crop    9 Adult Midgut    6.5 Adult Hindgut    6.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.1 Adult Fat Body    6.1 Adult Salivary Gland    11.1 Adult Heart    33.05 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    9.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.8 Adult Ovary    2.3 Adult Testis    2.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    8.4 Adult Carcass    14.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    20.325 Larval Midgut    6.5 Larval Hindgut    5.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.8 Larval Fat Body    5 Larval Salivary Gland    4.3 Larval Trachea    6.075 Larval Carcass    9.25 Adult Head    11.6 Adult Eye    8.625 Adult Brain    71.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    72.9 Adult Crop    9 Adult Midgut    6.5 Adult Hindgut    6.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.1 Adult Fat Body    6.1 Adult Salivary Gland    11.1 Adult Heart    33.05 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    9.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.8 Adult Ovary    2.3 Adult Testis    2.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    8.4 Adult Carcass    14.7 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    20.325 Larval Midgut    6.5 Larval Hindgut    5.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.8 Larval Fat Body    5 Larval Salivary Gland    4.3 Larval Trachea    6.075 Larval Carcass    9.25 Adult Head    11.6 Adult Eye    8.625 Adult Brain    71.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    72.9 Adult Crop    9 Adult Midgut    6.5 Adult Hindgut    6.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.1 Adult Fat Body    6.1 Adult Salivary Gland    11.1 Adult Heart    33.05 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    9.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.8 Adult Ovary    2.3 Adult Testis    2.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    8.4 Adult Carcass    14.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    20.325 Larval Midgut    6.5 Larval Hindgut    5.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.8 Larval Fat Body    5 Larval Salivary Gland    4.3 Larval Trachea    6.075 Larval Carcass    9.25 Adult Head    11.6 Adult Eye    8.625 Adult Brain    71.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    72.9 Adult Crop    9 Adult Midgut    6.5 Adult Hindgut    6.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.1 Adult Fat Body    6.1 Adult Salivary Gland    11.1 Adult Heart    33.05 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    9.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.8 Adult Ovary    2.3 Adult Testis    2.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    8.4 Adult Carcass    14.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    20.325 Larval Midgut    6.5 Larval Hindgut    5.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.8 Larval Fat Body    5 Larval Salivary Gland    4.3 Larval Trachea    6.075 Larval Carcass    9.25 Adult Head    11.6 Adult Eye    8.625 Adult Brain    71.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    72.9 Adult Crop    9 Adult Midgut    6.5 Adult Hindgut    6.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.1 Adult Fat Body    6.1 Adult Salivary Gland    11.1 Adult Heart    33.05 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    9.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.8 Adult Ovary    2.3 Adult Testis    2.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    8.4 Adult Carcass    14.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    20.325 Larval Midgut    6.5 Larval Hindgut    5.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.8 Larval Fat Body    5 Larval Salivary Gland    4.3 Larval Trachea    6.075 Larval Carcass    9.25 Adult Head    11.6 Adult Eye    8.625 Adult Brain    71.3 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    72.9 Adult Crop    9 Adult Midgut    6.5 Adult Hindgut    6.4 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.1 Adult Fat Body    6.1 Adult Salivary Gland    11.1 Adult Heart    33.05 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    9.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.8 Adult Ovary    2.3 Adult Testis    2.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    8.4 Adult Carcass    14.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    no informative data   NA  Eye    8.625   NA  Brain    71.3   20.325  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    72.9   NA  Crop    9   6.5  Midgut    6.5   5.5  Hindgut    6.4   4.8  Malpighian Tubules    4.1   5  Fat Body    6.1   4.3  Salivary Gland    no informative data   NA  Heart    33.05   6.075  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    9.4   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.8   NA  Ovary    2.3   NA  Testis    2.7   NA  Male Accessory Gland    8.4   9.25  Carcass    no informative data FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    4 central nervous system, larvae L3    23 central nervous system, pupae P8    37 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    8 head, virgin 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day female    9 head, mated 4-day female    9 head, mated 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day male    14 head, mated 4-day male    15 head, mated 20-day male    14 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    26 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    2 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    4 central nervous system, larvae L3    23 central nervous system, pupae P8  (37) head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    8 head, virgin 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day female    9 head, mated 4-day female    9 head, mated 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day male    14 head, mated 4-day male    15 head, mated 20-day male    14 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8  26 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    2 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    4 central nervous system, larvae L3    23 central nervous system, pupae P8    37 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    8 head, virgin 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day female    9 head, mated 4-day female    9 head, mated 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day male    14 head, mated 4-day male    15 head, mated 20-day male    14 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    26 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    2 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    4 central nervous system, larvae L3    23 central nervous system, pupae P8    37 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    8 head, virgin 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day female    9 head, mated 4-day female    9 head, mated 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day male    14 head, mated 4-day male    15 head, mated 20-day male    14 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    26 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    2 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    4 central nervous system, larvae L3    23 central nervous system, pupae P8    37 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    8 head, virgin 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day female    9 head, mated 4-day female    9 head, mated 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day male    14 head, mated 4-day male    15 head, mated 20-day male    14 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    26 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    2 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    4 central nervous system, larvae L3    23 central nervous system, pupae P8  (37) head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    8 head, virgin 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day female    9 head, mated 4-day female    9 head, mated 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day male    14 head, mated 4-day male    15 head, mated 20-day male    14 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8  26 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    2 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    4 central nervous system, larvae L3    23 central nervous system, pupae P8    37 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    8 head, virgin 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day female    9 head, mated 4-day female    9 head, mated 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day male    14 head, mated 4-day male    15 head, mated 20-day male    14 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    26 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    2 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    4 central nervous system, larvae L3    23 central nervous system, pupae P8    37 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    8 head, virgin 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day female    9 head, mated 4-day female    9 head, mated 20-day female    5 head, mated 1-day male    14 head, mated 4-day male    15 head, mated 20-day male    14 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    26 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    2 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 06-18 hour embryonic stages, during early pupal stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    5 embryo 06-08hr    20 embryo 08-10hr    37 embryo 10-12hr    39 embryo 12-14hr    27 embryo 14-16hr    14 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    11 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    6 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    5 white prepupae 24hr    19 pupae 2d postWPP    8 pupae 3d postWPP    5 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    3 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    5 embryo 06-08hr    20 embryo 08-10hr  (37) embryo 10-12hr  (39) embryo 12-14hr  (27) embryo 14-16hr    14 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    11 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    6 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    5 white prepupae 24hr    19 pupae 2d postWPP    8 pupae 3d postWPP    5 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    3 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    5 embryo 06-08hr    20 embryo 08-10hr    37 embryo 10-12hr    39 embryo 12-14hr    27 embryo 14-16hr    14 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    11 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    6 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    5 white prepupae 24hr    19 pupae 2d postWPP    8 pupae 3d postWPP    5 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    3 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    5 embryo 06-08hr    20 embryo 08-10hr    37 embryo 10-12hr    39 embryo 12-14hr    27 embryo 14-16hr    14 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    11 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    6 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    5 white prepupae 24hr    19 pupae 2d postWPP    8 pupae 3d postWPP    5 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    3 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    5 embryo 06-08hr    20 embryo 08-10hr    37 embryo 10-12hr    39 embryo 12-14hr    27 embryo 14-16hr    14 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    11 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    6 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    5 white prepupae 24hr    19 pupae 2d postWPP    8 pupae 3d postWPP    5 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    3 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    5 embryo 06-08hr    20 embryo 08-10hr  (37) embryo 10-12hr  (39) embryo 12-14hr  27 embryo 14-16hr    14 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    11 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    6 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    5 white prepupae 24hr    19 pupae 2d postWPP    8 pupae 3d postWPP    5 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    3 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    5 embryo 06-08hr    20 embryo 08-10hr    37 embryo 10-12hr    39 embryo 12-14hr    27 embryo 14-16hr    14 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    11 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    6 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    5 white prepupae 24hr    19 pupae 2d postWPP    8 pupae 3d postWPP    5 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    3 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    5 embryo 06-08hr    20 embryo 08-10hr    37 embryo 10-12hr    39 embryo 12-14hr    27 embryo 14-16hr    14 embryo 16-18hr    11 embryo 18-20hr    11 embryo 20-22hr    7 embryo 22-24hr    7 larva L1    6 larva L2    2 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    5 white prepupae 24hr    19 pupae 2d postWPP    8 pupae 3d postWPP    5 pupae 4d postWPP    2 adult male 01day    3 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    1 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    1 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    7 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    1 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    7 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    1 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    7 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    1 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    7 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    1 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    7 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    1 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    7 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    1 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    7 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    1 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    7 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    3 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    3 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    3 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    3 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    3 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    3 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    3 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    3 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_11
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0024189 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG33141-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal snsGD2561 lethal, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PU snsGD65 snsGD2561 lethal | embryonic stage | recessive sns1 sns2 sns4 sns5 sns6 sns12 sns13 sns15 sns16 sns17 sns18 sns20 sns21 sns23 sns43-49 lethal | recessive snsA3.24 viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 snsGD65 snsGD2561 Sterility Allele male fertile, with Scer\GAL4C855a snsKK108577 male sterile, with Scer\GAL4A3.eya snsGD65 Other Phenotypes Allele cell adhesion defective | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF snsScer\UAS.cGa visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 snsGD65 Phenotype manifest in Allele A1-7 dorsal acute muscle 1 | embryonic stage 15 snsXB3 snsXH2 snsZF1.4 circular visceral muscle fiber sns2 sns23 circular visceral muscle primordium snsZF1.4 embryonic/larval brain | larval stage snsGD2561 embryonic/larval garland cell sns4.3 embryonic/larval garland cell, with Scer\GAL4pros.PMG snsdsRNA.Scer\UAS.cWa embryonic/larval garland cell, with Scer\GAL4sns.GCN snsGD65 snsScer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 snsdsRNA.Scer\UAS.WIZ embryonic/larval garland cell, with Scer\GAL4sns.PK, snsmIg4.Scer\UAS snsZF1.4 embryonic/larval garland cell, with Scer\GAL4sns.PK, snsmIg6.Scer\UAS snsZF1.4 embryonic/larval garland cell, with Scer\GAL4sns.PK, snsZF1.4 snsmIg4.Scer\UAS snsmIg6.Scer\UAS embryonic/larval muscle system sns2 sns23 embryonic/larval somatic muscle sns15 snsA3.24 embryonic/larval visceral muscle snsA3.24 embryonic garland cell snsXB3 embryonic garland cell, with Scer\GAL4447.2 snsScer\UAS.cGa embryonic myoblast snsA3.24 snsXB3 snsZF1.4 sns20-5 embryonic myoblast (with snsXB3) snsZF1.4 embryonic myoblast (with snsZF1.4) snsXB3 eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF snsdsRNA.Scer\UAS eye | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF snsScer\UAS.cGa interommatidial bristle, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF snsdsRNA.Scer\UAS inter-ommatidial cell, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF snsdsRNA.Scer\UAS inter-ommatidial cell | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF snsScer\UAS.cGa inter-ommatidial precursor cell, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF snsdsRNA.Scer\UAS inter-ommatidial precursor cell | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF snsScer\UAS.cGa longitudinal muscle sns2 sns23 mesothoracic tergum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 snsGD65 midgut constriction 1 sns2 sns23 muscle founder cell sns2 sns23 muscle founder cell | embryonic stage snsXB3 snss660 myoblast sns1 sns12 sns13 sns15 sns16 sns17 sns18 sns2 sns20 sns21 sns23 sns4 sns43-49 sns5 sns6 ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF snsdsRNA.Scer\UAS ommatidium | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF snsScer\UAS.cGa presumptive embryonic/larval muscle system sns43-49 snsXB3 snsXH2 snsZF1.4 seminal vesicle, with Scer\GAL4A3.eya snsGD65 somatic muscle sns1 sns12 sns13 sns15 sns16 sns17 sns18 sns2 sns20 sns21 sns23 sns4 sns43-49 sns5 sns6 spermatid cyst, with Scer\GAL4A3.eya snsGD65 trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 snsGD65 wing, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 snsGD65 snsGD2561 wing hair, with Scer\GAL4neur-GAL4-A101 snsKK108577 wing margin, with Scer\GAL4neur-GAL4-A101 snsKK108577
Classical Alleles ( 31 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of sns Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion snsd07918a 1 -- snsMB03327 1 -- snsMI02917 1 -- snsMI03001 1 -- snsA3.24 amorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 -- sns12 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sns13 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sns15 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sns16 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sns17 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sns18 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sns1 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sns20-5 0 Yes sns20 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sns21 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sns23 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sns2 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes sns4.3 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes sns40-49 0 -- sns43-49 0 -- sns4 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sns5 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sns6.1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- sns6 loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- snsD1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes snss660 0 Yes snsunspecified 0 -- snsXB3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes snsXH2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes snsXS5 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- snsZF1.4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 29 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of sns Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion snsGD65 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes sns20-5.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes sns2xPXXP.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes sns5xPDZ.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes snsA17.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes snsAct5C.T:SV5\V5,T:Zzzz\His6 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes snsdsRNA.Scer\UAS.cWa in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes snsdsRNA.Scer\UAS.WIZ in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes snsdsRNA.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes snsF11.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes snsF14.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes snsF6.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes snsGD2561 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes snsKK108577 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes snsmIg4.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes snsmIg6.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes snsMtnA.PG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes snsScer\UAS.cGa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes snsScer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes snsScer\UAS.T:SV5\V5 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes snsΔ1113-1163.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes snsΔ1113-1232.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes snsΔ1113-1278.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes snsΔ1164-1232.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes snsΔ1164-1278.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes snsΔ1233-1263.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes snsΔ1263-1278.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes snsΔ1279-1482.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes snsΔΔ1113-1163.1233-1278.Scer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(2R)BB1 (Bour et al., 2000) Df(2R)Np3 (Abmayr, 1998.5.1) Df(2R)RyaR-5A5HO3 (Bour et al., 1999) Df(2R)sns-5A5HO2 (Bour et al., 1999) Df(2R)sns-04913HOa (Bour et al., 2000) Df(2R)sns-04913HOb (Bour et al., 2000)
Not disrupted in	Df(2R)Np1 (Abmayr, 1998.5.1) Df(2R)P14TE (Abmayr, 1998.5.1, Bour et al., 2000) Df(2R)RyaR-16109HO (Bour et al., 2000)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD65} NA P{GD2561} NA P{KK108577} NA P{UAS-sns.2xPXXP} NA P{UAS-sns.5xPDZ-HA} NA P{UAS-sns.20-5.HA} NA P{UAS-sns.A17-HA} NA P{UAS-sns.F6-HA} NA P{UAS-sns.F11-HA} NA P{UAS-sns.F14-HA} NA P{UAS-sns.G} NA P{UAS-sns.HA} NA P{UAS-sns.IR} NA P{UAS-sns.RNAi.W} NA P{UAS-sns.V5} NA P{UAS-sns.Δ1113-1163-HA} NA P{UAS-sns.Δ1113-1232-HA} NA P{UAS-sns.Δ1113-1278-HA} NA P{UAS-sns.Δ1164-1232-HA} NA P{UAS-sns.Δ1164-1278-HA} NA P{UAS-sns.Δ1233-1263-HA} NA P{UAS-sns.Δ1263-1278-HA} NA P{UAS-sns.Δ1279-1482} NA P{UAS-sns.ΔΔ1113-1163.1233-1278-HA} NA reporter construct P{sns-lacZ.K} No GAL4 construct P{sns-GAL4.K} No characterization construct P{UAS-hbs::sns.HESTC.HA} NA P{UAS-hbs::sns.SEHTC.HA} NA P{UAS-hbs::sns.SETHC.HA} NA P{UAS-sns.GPI} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of enhancer trap P{lacW}l(2)SH0977SH0977 No insertion of mobile activating element P{EPgy2}EY02059 NA P{XP}snsd07918a NA insertion of enhancer trap binary system Mi{ET1}snsMB03327 No miscellaneous insertions Mi{MIC}snsMI02917 NA Mi{MIC}snsMI03001 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 14 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 13 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
protein binding inferred from physical interaction with hbs (Shelton et al., 2009) inferred from physical interaction with Mec2 (Weavers et al., 2009)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
actin cytoskeleton organization inferred from mutant phenotype (Richardson et al., 2007) compound eye morphogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Bao et al., 2010) garland nephrocyte differentiation inferred from mutant phenotype (Zhuang et al., 2009) heterophilic cell-cell adhesion inferred from direct assay (Shelton et al., 2009) inferred from mutant phenotype (Menon et al., 2005) homophilic cell adhesion inferred from genetic interaction with kirre (Zhuang et al., 2009) larval visceral muscle development inferred from mutant phenotype (Klapper et al., 2002) myoblast fusion inferred from mutant phenotype (Bour et al., 2000, Menon et al., 2005, Richardson et al., 2007, Shelton et al., 2009) nephrocyte diaphragm assembly inferred from mutant phenotype (Weavers et al., 2009, Zhuang et al., 2009) nephrocyte filtration inferred from mutant phenotype (Weavers et al., 2009) spermatid development inferred from mutant phenotype (Rotkopf et al., 2011)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
nephrocyte diaphragm inferred from direct assay (Weavers et al., 2009, Zhuang et al., 2009) plasma membrane inferred from direct assay (Weavers et al., 2009) inferred from direct assay AND inferred from sequence or structural similarity with EMBL:AF035385 (Bour et al., 2000)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 3 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
cell adhesion inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Chakravarti et al., 2000) inferred from sequence or structural similarity with EMBL:AF035385 (Bour et al., 2000) myoblast fusion traceable author statement (Cooper, 2001, Dworak and Sink, 2002)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
plasma membrane inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Chakravarti et al., 2000)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions sns allele Gene References snsXB3 hbs (Artero et al., 2001)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 68829 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0024189 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 44097
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (42) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6G7CHM Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6Q58XC Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG63TXQB Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG6TB2S4 Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG69PPRN
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6G7CHM)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\sns     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD10605 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM21069     Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG23388     Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE19230     Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF12383     Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA17315     Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL17124     Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK20677     Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ19783     Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI18925     Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH23100
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6Q58XC)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL003853   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP010742   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ001305
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG63TXQB)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\GB47244 Y Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\GB47243 Y Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG014561 Y Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH12451 Y Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP14427 Y Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO13639 Y Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL18337 Y Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH20072 Y Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB12441 Y Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV21545 Y Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV21514 Y Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI007875 Y Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA000162 Y Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA000164 Y Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM068980 Y Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM623080 Y Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC003361 Y
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG6TB2S4)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\JGI_V11_305049 Y Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW022951 Y Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW014027 Y
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG69PPRN)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\syg-2 Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_009318gn Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\nphs1l Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\nphs1 Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Nphs1 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Nphs1 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\NPHS1 Y
Human Orthologs (1)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\NPHS1
AAA Orthologs (1) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD10605
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 5 )
Bloomington	24059 w1118; Mi{ET1}snsMB03327 36164 y1 w*; Mi{MIC}snsMI02917 35916 y1 w*; Mi{MIC}snsMI03001/SM6a
Harvard	- P{XP}snsd07918a, P{XP}d07918b
VDRC	v877 w1118; P{GD65}v877/TM3
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR02C23 BACR43I04 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 18 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones	RT02575
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	RH05754 RH08985 RH55763
Other clones	105807 163158 176525 DMG3-chr2R.2965.pred.a DMG3-chr2R.2967.pred.a DMG4-chr2R.8.023.pred.a DMG4-chr2R.8.024.pred.a EK244150 EK267336 IP16872 IP16972 IP17072 IP17172 SD05054
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0024189 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 44097
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Bour et al., 2000)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: sns 43-49 (Bour et al., 2000) Source for merge of: sns CG13755 (FlyBase, 1996-) Source for merge of: sns CG18464 CG12495 CG13754 CG13753 CG13752 CG2385 CG8278 (FlyBase, 1996-)
Additional comments	Source for merge of sns CG18464 CG12495 CG13754 CG13753 CG13752 CG2385 CG8278 was sequence comparison (date:000622). (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003, FlyBase, 1996-) Source for merge of sns CG13755 was sequence comparison (date:001104). (FlyBase, 1996-)
Other Comments
	RNAi generated by PCR using primers directed to this gene causes a cell growth and viability phenotype when assayed in Kc167 and S2R+ cells. (Boutros et al., 2004) snsis required for the formation of syncytia within the visceral musculature of the midgut. (Klapper et al., 2002) sns is essential for myoblast fusion. (Bour et al., 2000) sns mutant embryos show a dramatic absence of muscle fibres and a large number of unfused myosin-expressing cells. Formation of the heart and visceral musculature appears normal, the CNS and PNS show no gross abnormalities, and no defects in dorsal closure are seen. (Bour et al., 1998)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_176106 NM_001043067 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_788286 NP_001036532 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAF59040 AAF77184 ABI31083 AF254867 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 44097 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • A1Z7J1 Q0E9F2 Q9V4Y0
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Immunoglobulin subtype 2 (IPR003598) Immunoglobulin subtype (IPR003599) Fibronectin, type III (IPR003961) Immunoglobulin-like domain (IPR007110) CD80-like, immunoglobulin C2-set (IPR013162) Immunoglobulin-like fold (IPR013783) Immunoglobulin I-set (IPR013098)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 68829 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0024189 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0024189 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0024189 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG33141-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0024189 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 44097 Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /sturtevant/sticksnst1.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 44097 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0024189
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 27 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	43-49 (Paululat et al., 1999, Paululat et al., 1999, Paululat et al., 1997, Doberstein et al., 1997, Goubeaud et al., 1996, ) CG2385 (Misra et al., 2002, ) CG8278 (Misra et al., 2002, ) CG12495 (Misra et al., 2002, ) CG13752 (Misra et al., 2002, ) CG13753 (Misra et al., 2002, ) CG13754 (Misra et al., 2002, ) CG13755 (Boutros et al., 2004, Misra et al., 2002, ) CG18464   CG33141 (Sala et al., 2011, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5) CT33230 (Hynes and Zhao, 2000) CT33232 (Hynes and Zhao, 2000) rost (Stronach et al., 1999) Sens (Rajan et al., 2009) sns (Kocherlakota et al., 2008, Nguyen and Frasch, 2006, Menon et al., 2005, Estrada et al., 2006, Jakobsen et al., 2007, Zhuang et al., 2008, Dietzl et al., 2007, Hazelett et al., 2012, Kesper et al., 2007, Guan et al., 2011, Takemura and Adachi-Yamada, 2011, Bellen et al., 2011, Chen et al., 2008, Rotkopf et al., 2011, Haralalka et al., 2011, Sugie et al., 2010, Susic-Jung et al., 2012, Sandmann et al., 2006, Kim et al., 2007, Massarwa et al., 2007, Richardson et al., 2007, Schafer et al., 2007, Liu et al., 2009, Weavers et al., 2009, Shelton et al., 2009, Zhuang et al., 2009, Dworkin et al., 2009, Stute et al., 2006, Carrasco-Rando and Ruiz-Gómez, 2008, Weavers et al., 2009, Helmstadter et al., 2012, Bao et al., 2010, Berger et al., 2008, Hossain et al., 2005, Jin et al., 2011, Cunha et al., 2010, Duan et al., 2012) SNS (Ackley and Jin, 2004, Rizkalla et al., 2001, Chakravarti et al., 2000, IV et al., 2007, Linneweber and Fischbach, 2007, Schäfer et al., 2007, Schäfer et al., 2008, Höhne et al., 2011, Hoehne et al., 2005, Jattani et al., 2009, Geisbrecht et al., 2008) Sns (Schäfer et al., 2007, Chen, 2007, Griemert et al., 2007, Chen et al., 2007, Dottermusch et al., 2008, Popichenko et al., 2007, Bao et al., 2010, Sens et al., 2010) sns20 (Klapper et al., 2002) unnamed (Paululat et al., 1995)
Name Synonym	stick-and-stones (Zhuang et al., 2008) Sticks and stone (Takemura and Adachi-Yamada, 2011) sticks and stones (Bour et al., 1998, Menon et al., 2005, Guan et al., 2011, Schafer et al., 2007, Weavers et al., 2009, Stute et al., 2006, Enright et al., 2003) Sticks and Stones (Rochlin et al., 2007, Schäfer et al., 2007, Griemert et al., 2007, Schäfer et al., 2007, Jattani et al., 2009, Massarwa et al., 2007) Sticks and stones (Cho et al., 2005, Chen et al., 2007, Kesper et al., 2007, Popichenko et al., 2007, Bao et al., 2010) sticks-and-stones (Nguyen and Frasch, 2006) Sticks-and-Stones (Schejter et al., 2007, Massarwa et al., 2007, Hoehne et al., 2005, Kocherlakota et al., 2008) Sticks-and-stones (Jattani et al., 2009)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0026614 FBgn0033331 FBgn0033332 FBgn0033333 FBgn0033334 FBgn0033335 FBgn0033336 FBgn0040776 FBgn0042193 FBgn0053141
References ( 144 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 144 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 73 ) Supplementary material  ( 9 ) Review  ( 16 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 7 ) Abstract  ( 29 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 4 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 4 ) Conference report  ( 1 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 16 )
	Gao et al., 2013, Anesthesiology 118(3): 587--601 Drosophila Ryanodine Receptors Mediate General Anesthesia by Halothane. [FBrf0220867] Kaipa et al., 2013, J. Cell Sci. 126(1): 360--372 Dock mediates Scar- and WASp-dependent actin polymerization through interaction with cell adhesion molecules in founder cells and fusion-competent myoblasts. [FBrf0221091] Duan et al., 2012, J. Cell Biol. 199(1): 169--185 Group I PAKs function downstream of Rac to promote podosome invasion during myoblast fusion in vivo. [FBrf0219579] Gaertner et al., 2012, Cell Rep. 2(6): 1670--1683 Poised RNA Polymerase II Changes over Developmental Time and Prepares Genes for Future Expression. [FBrf0220312] Gildor et al., 2012, Development 139(21): 4040--4050 Bidirectional Notch activation represses fusion competence in swarming adult Drosophila myoblasts. [FBrf0219658] Hazelett et al., 2012, G3 (Bethesda) 2(7): 789--802 Comparison of Parallel High-Throughput RNA Sequencing Between Knockout of TDP-43 and Its Overexpression Reveals Primarily Nonreciprocal and Nonoverlapping Gene Expression Changes in the Central Nervous System of Drosophila. [FBrf0219102] Helmstadter et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(7): e40300 Functional Study of Mammalian Neph Proteins in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0218912] Susic-Jung et al., 2012, Dev. Biol. 370(1): 86--97 Multinucleated smooth muscles and mononucleated as well as multinucleated striated muscles develop during establishment of the male reproductive organs of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0219326] Bellen et al., 2011, Genetics 188(3): 731--743 The Drosophila gene disruption project: progress using transposons with distinctive site specificities. [FBrf0214229] Guan et al., 2011, Learn. Mem. 18(4): 191--206 Altered gene regulation and synaptic morphology in Drosophila learning and memory mutants. [FBrf0213277] Haralalka et al., 2011, Development 138(8): 1551--1562 Asymmetric Mbc, active Rac1 and F-actin foci in the fusion-competent myoblasts during myoblast fusion in Drosophila. [FBrf0213340] Höhne et al., 2011, Mol. Cell. Biol. 31(16): 3241--3251 The BAR Domain Protein PICK1 Regulates Cell Recognition and Morphogenesis by Interacting with Neph Proteins. [FBrf0214537] Jin et al., 2011, Dev. Cell 20(5): 623--638 Competition between Blown Fuse and WASP for WIP Binding Regulates the Dynamics of WASP-Dependent Actin Polymerization In Vivo. [FBrf0213682] Rotkopf et al., 2011, Development 138(13): 2729--2739 The WASp-based actin polymerization machinery is required in somatic support cells for spermatid maturation and release. [FBrf0213892] Sala et al., 2011, EMBO J. 30(9): 1766--1777 Genome-wide characterization of chromatin binding and nucleosome spacing activity of the nucleosome remodelling ATPase ISWI. [FBrf0213629] Takemura and Adachi-Yamada, 2011, Dev. Biol. 357(2): 336--346 Cell death and selective adhesion reorganize the dorsoventral boundary for zigzag patterning of Drosophila wing margin hairs. [FBrf0214791] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...